Mtk Vol4 No2

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

2

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

t,f'w D mtmabmf

vli,fa h -u;rH= k 28

rd;k aomuf=u,fem,ursm;

pma&;wJt h cgrmS yJjzpfjzpf/ pum;ajymwJt h cgrmS yJjzpfjzpf ‘vd&k if;wd&k iS ;f ’a&;wwf/ ajym wwfz@kd ta&;}u;D w,f? “rdEkæol@taºu;&Sd&if qyf&rSmyJæ”wJ?h q&mawmfO;D Ak"&f @J emrnf ausmpf um;? eef;rawmfr,f Ekukd qH;k rwJph um;? r,fEt k owfc&H rJq h q J rJ mS q&mawmfO;D Ak"rf ed @f cJw h ,f? r,fEk aysmaf ysm}f u;D ao oGm;cJw h ,f? ordik ;f 0ifpum;ayg?h “&Jabmfw@kd æteD;uyfq;kH &efou l &kd mS wdu k =f u”wJ?h wyfrawmfppfxu G cf ge;D *syeftm%mydik af wGa&Sa› rSmufrmS zufqpfawmfveS af &; wyfxu G rf ed @f cGe;f ajymcJw h hJ Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;&J@pum;? ordik ;f ajymifygayh? vd&k if; wd&k iS ;f xdryd gayh? tydw k cGe;f r#ryg? “tpd;k &aumif;qdw k m tdrrf mS &Sad eovdak yg?h vHjk cKH pdwcf s&wJt h pd;k &æ”wJ?h a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J e,fvn S rfh ed @f cGe;f wck? tus,t f us,rf +ird ;f zG,af wGe@J t"dym` ,ftus,cf sr›J aeawmhb;l ? vd&k if;udk 'ufceJxad tmif ajymvdu k w f phJ um;? tJ'v D pdk eH rlemaumif;awGtrsm;}u;D &Sw d ,f? 'gayrJh v#mrxde;f Edik =f ubl;? rqdik w f hJ tayguf *vdik ef @J acguw f phJ um;awGe@J pum;a=um&Sncf si=f uw,f? rdu k cf u G u f kd vuf rv$ww f rf; cJ+y;D ajymcsi=f uwJh ‘rdu k cf ’J awGwyH}k u;D ? a±$Orifq&mawmfukd awmifzv D mq&mawmfu “t&Sib f &k m;æ ycef;a±$Orif awm}u;D xJrmS tazmfr&Sb d mr&Sed @J wyg;wnf;ae&wm ra=umufb;l vm;æ” vd@k ar;awmh a±$Orifq&mawmfu wdw k ykd rJ ed @f w,f? “a=umufv@kd wyg;wnf;aewmygæ”wJ?h awmifzv D mq&mawmf}u;D [m csucf si;f oabmayguo f mG ;+y;D aemufvu kd af emufyg Adv k yf grif;ta¹ct&HawGpeG @f cGm+y;D wyg;wnf; awm&aqmufwnfomG ;cJw h ,f? ^m%fvsif ^m%fjrifwo hJ u l sawmh csuq f ekd m;cGuu f rD;awmuf+y;D oabmayguf oGm;cJw h ,f? 'Dae@ tvkyaf wGtvGerf sm;wJu h mvrSm pum;udk wdw k ekd @J vd&k if;a&mufatmifajym wwfz@kd ta&;}u;D ygw,f? rdu k cf v J yk af e&if ±du k yf aGJ wG awG@wwfw,f? E_w&f @J apmifph nf;r_&zdS @kd avhusi=hf uyg?

wifr;kd (uG,v f eG )f armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du) armifpif=u,f(=opa=w;vs) wm0efct H ,f'w D m pd;k 0if;&Sed /f ae0ef; owif;ydi k f;qdki f&mwm0efcH pd;k oD[/ ausmaf usmEf ikd /f armif&iS /f [ef0if;xGe;f 090 4924 2906/ 090 5218 3015 a=umfjimwm0efcH 0if;atmif/ wifwif0if;(090 8720 9017) rsufEmS zH;k 'DZi kd f; apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) twGi ;f yef;csDo±kya f zmf 0if;az/ aX;opf/ armifatmifvD jzef@csda&; rd;k ndK/ wifatmif/ wd;k =unfaqG(wdu k sKd) ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 8210 3938 5712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Fax:(81)3 3364 5163 Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

ud, k af &;tusOf; - trnf&if; OD;b*srf;jzpfonf? -1933 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv 19 &ufae@wGi/f jrif;jccH ±dik /f awmifomòr@e,f/ uefjrJ aus;±GmY tbOD;btd/k trda':pHx,fw@kd rS zGm;jrifonf? - 1957 ckEpS w f iG f yckuLU c±dik /f a&p}uKd òr@/ tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS q,f wef;pmar;yJu G kd jrefrmpm*k%x f ;l jzifah tmifjrifonf? - 1958 ckEpS w f iG f rEWav;wuUov kd Yf wufa&mufynmoif=um;onf? - 1958-59 ckEpS w f iG f rEWav;wuUov kd u f avmif&iS t f oif;Y 'k-OuUÏtjzpf aqmif±u G o f nf? - 1959 azazmf0g&DvwGif rEWav;wuUodkvf uavmif&Siftoif;. pmtkyt f rSwf 1 tjzpf ‘zefr;D tdr’f uAsmpmtkyf xkwaf 0onf? - 1962-67 ckEpS Yf rEWav;aejynfawmftxufwef;ausmif;wGif jrefrmpmyd@k csco hJ nf? - 1966-67 wGif vlxo k wif;pmY uAsmu¾t,f'w D m wm0ef,o l nf? - 1967-68 ckEpS w f iG f wuUov kd b f momjyefEiS hf pmtkyx f w k af 0a&;ÏmeY pmjyK ESihf vufaxmuft,f'w D mtjzpf tr_xrf;onf? - 1970 wGif ‘xD;uav;eJ@reD’uAsmpmtkyjf zifh trsKd;om;pmayqk&&So d nf? - 1980-84 txd tajccHynmoif±;kd !Ge;f wrf;tzJ@G 0iftjzpfEiS hf ausmif;oH;k jyXmef;pmtkyrf sm;twGuf pmrla±G;cs,fjcif;/ topfa&;om;jyKpkjcif;rsm;udk xrf; aqmifco hJ nf? - 1988 ckEpS f vlxt k ºkH ur_ta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupGmyg0ifvy_ &f mS ;+y;D ‘trsKd;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf’. ‘wwfoyd nm&Sirf sm;tzJ@G ’wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? - 1991 ckEpS w f iG f ‘ayzl;v$mr*~Zif;’Y t,f'w D mcsKyfwm0ef,cl o hJ nf? - 1991-95 ckEpS w f iG f ppftyk pf . k zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;udk cHae&onf? - 1999 ckEpS f =o*kwv f wGif orD;jzpfol rd;k rd;k ESi;f aexdik &f m b,fv*f sD,ef Edik if o H @kd xGucf mG cJ+h y;D uG,v f eG cf sdex f d jynfywGiaf exdik v f suf&o dS nf? - jynfyod@k a&muf&+dS y;D aemuf ’Ak'E< iS ahf wG@qHjk cif;’/ ‘cGyaf 'gif;tvHac:&mod@k ’/ ‘uAsmaygif;csKyf 1999’/ ‘tdrrf ufwikd ;f jynf’/ ‘opf±u G af ºuuav;ay:rSma&;wJh rSww f rf;’/ ‘tnmvrf;uwrmwef;’pmtkyrf sm;xkwaf 0jcif;cHc&hJ olwOD;jzpfonf? - 2004 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif e,fomvefEikd if rH S pmayqkcsD;jri‡ jhf cif;cH& +yD; ‘rdk;rc’/ ‘[pfwdkif’/ ‘bm;rm;wl;a';’/ ‘'DADGbD’tp&Sdonhf 'Drdkua&pDa&; vkyaf qmifaeonhf jrefrmpmrsufEmS tifwmeufrsm;wGif em,utjzpf‚/ - 2004 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvrSpI ‘rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u kd ’f udk wnfaxmif uifyeG ;f wyfay;cJ+h y;D / uG,v f eG cf sdet f xd zH@G òz;wd;k wufatmif vkyaf qmifco hJ w l OD; jzpfonf? - uG,v f eG cf sdew f iG f touf 73 ESpaf usmf &S+d y;D orD;av;a,mufusefco hJ nf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

4

rd;k rcrSu;l ,lwifjyygonf

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

awmfarSm±f kH pHòk rif=um;qDo@kd &mrtudk wud, k rf oGm;ap& nDbmG ;wJh vuQ%m ygavcJt h jr?J bDv;l awG acgif; 10 vH;k udjk zifh wvH;k pD tpG,cf sKd;r,fv@kd ±G,u f ;kd um uAsmwyfawGe@J ±Gm&yfwumudk ruGmcsyfom nDvsmvdu k yf gawmh wdu k yf pGJ Of &ifabmifwef;apcJh pcef;òrif yef;wdik cf sOf;umrS nD&if;aqG uAsmoif;wd@k udk wm0efawG csefumESi;f cJah ygh wdk@wm0ef rvpf[if;apeJ@ cHjyif;ord@k rvJ&G atmif rmefwif;vdk@cJ?

yk0gav;wp tomav;csa[hv@dk q&majymavwJh ESrat;u romawmif ta0;wajrurcsombl; zl;awG@ckduftdrftvmrSm t}uKdut f vku d f aq;±_dufvJtwlwl aw;=uLvJwwGJwGJ w[J[eJ @J q&mh&,foH em;0,fv#Hc@J jrifjyeftjyKH; a'gif;±kyfzkH;wJhESvkH;om; a'gif;i,frsm;cspfol wifr;dk qkw d hJ / uAsmvla=umifh tyluv_u d f / vlu±_u d if if rsuf&nfpifEiS hf jrwf&iS Af 'k < ol@b0ajzmifhwef; +ird ;f csrf;pdrXhf m qkac|awmfryl gbk&m;? ?

rmrmat; 1/ 23/ 2007 *syefpaH wmfcsed f 13;20

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

5

Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

Tin Moe

(1933-2007) The Prince Claus Fund is saddened by the news of the death of Tin Moe. The Burmese poet and 2004 Prince Claus Laureate passed away on January 23rd in Los Angeles, where he lived in exile with one of his four daughters. Tin Moe was born in Burma in 1933 and became a highly esteemed poet and literary activist. His first book, The Lantern, was published in 1965 and received the Burmese National Literary Prize for Poetry. He founded a library in his village, taught Burmese language and literature, was poetry editor for the Ludu Daily Newspaper and was involved in producing textbooks and children’s books. He joined the pro-democracy movement in 1988 and continued to write despite great risk, becoming a voice for the people. Tin Moe’s critical thought and frank writing led to several periods in jail and in 1999 he was compelled to go into exile. His books and essays are banned in his homeland. Tin Moe’s poems have been an inspiration to the pro-democracy movement and have been found scratched into the walls of prisoners’ cells. This Prince Claus Award honoured Tin Moe’s outstanding literary achievements and his role in sustaining culture as a source of strength and identity. His inspiring presence will be sorely missed.

Tin Moe, reciting from his work at the Prince Claus Fund during his visit in March 2005, © Prince Claus Fund

Tin Moe(Myanmar/Burma) Tin Moe is a highly esteemed poet and literary activist. Born in Burma in 1933, his first book, The Lantern, published in 1965, won the National Literary Prize for Poetry. He founded a library in his village, taught Burmese language and literature, was poetry editor for the Ludu Daily Newspaper and was involved in producing textbooks and children’s books. He joined the pro-democracy movement in 1988 and continued to write despite great risk, becoming a voice for the people. Tin Moe has published over 30 highly respected books and essays, all of which are banned in his homeland. Having spent several periods in jail, in 1999 he was compelled to go into exile where he continues to write as well as producing literature programmes for Radio Free Asia. Tin Moe’s poems circulate in pro-democracy networks and have been found scratched into the walls of prisoners’ cells. This Prince Claus Award honours Tin Moe for his outstanding literary achievements and for his role in sustaining culture as a source of strength, inspiration and identity.

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

6

q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

trsdK;om;uAsmq&m}uD; wifr;dk 0if;az(aZmf0dwf) (yef;cs/D *Dw/ pmayeJ ±h yk &f iS f )

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ol@qEN ol@apwemqkw d muvJ ody&f iS ;f ygw,f? olu trSew f &m;bufuom &yfvw dk ,f ? t"rRw&m;ukq d ef@usifw h ,f? vlwidk ;f ukd pmayA[kow k / b0Om%f ynmtvif;eJ jh ynf0h apcsifw,f ? 'grSvJ trSew f u,f vGwaf jrmufEidk =f urSmuk;d ? ol@apwemukd vlwidk ;f vufceH m;vnf usifo h ;kH Ekid yf gw,f? tm±Hpk ;l pku d f }uKd ;yrf;=u bkd o h m ta&;=u;D ygw,f? wkdif;jynfeJ hvlrsdK;tay: apwemxm;&mrSm vGwfvyfwJhpdwfukdjrwfEkd;ovkd us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@vJ cH,El idk pf rG ;f &Sw d ,f? umva'oeJ rh sujf cnfrjywf yl;uyfaEG; axG;aewwfw,f? um&efOm%ftm; eabOm%ftm; oefprG ;f wJt h wGuf um&HrhJ uAsmukd ta&;enf;w,f? rk'd efwm r'efwmuk*d ±krxm;? t,ltq tawG;tac: jcm;em;wmawGukd av;pm;w,f? vGwfvyfpGmuJGvJGcGifhukd wefbkd;xm;w,f? 'gh a=umifh wurBmvH;k tES@H &S=d uwJh tv$mpHjk refrmawGu q&m}u;D (OD;)wifr;dk ukd odyf csp=f uw,f? a&mufav&m&mrSm =unf=unfE;l El;eJ }h uKd q=dk u*g&0jyK=uw,f? ol@ twGuf *k%, f =l uw,f? olvyk o f r# wkid ;f jynftusdK; augif;r_uo k v/ tEk&o awGtwGuf 0rf;ajrmuftEkarm'emjyK=uw,f ? uAsmq&m}u;D (OD;)wifr;dk [m vGev f yfru _ dk ody}f uKd ufygw,f ? t}uKd ufveG f w,fv@dk awmif ajymEkid yf gw,f? ,kwpf t G qH;k use;f rma&;twGuf touft±G,&f vmawmh tpm;qifjcif/ taeqifjcifqw dk u hJ pd aP wGuadk wmif rvGwv f yfz;l vk@d ,lqw,f? aq;0g;awGr0DS b J @dk tuef@towfatmufa&muf&rSmukd rESp+f rKd @bl;? tvGwfvyfqHk; oGm;vm pm;aomuf a&;om; a[majym v_yf&Sm;vkdwJhqEN jyif; jyw,f ? tJ'v D b dk J aexkid &f iS o f efomG ;w,f ? trsdK;om;uAsmq&m}u;D (OD;)wifr;dk ±kww f &uf uG,v f eG o f mG ;&wmeJ@ywf oufv@dk tqk;d 0g;qH;k qH;k ±_;H r_}u;D xJu taumif;wuGuu f dk xkw=f unf=h u&&if uG,v f eG cf sderf mS emwm&Snaf 0'em cHpm;roGm;&jcif;bJ jzpfygw,f ? usaemfrh w d af qG}u;D / oli,fcsi;f }u;D / tpfu}dk u;D (usaemhx f uf 2 ESp}f u;D ygw,f) ujrJZ*srf;u awmom;uAsmq&m}uD;/ trsdK;om;uAsmq&m=uD;wifrkd;(ukd b*srf;) aumif;&mok*wda&muf rSmaocsmygw,f?

2002 ckEpS f 10 vydik ;f 13 &ufae@wGif *syefEikd if w H u kd sKòd r@Yusi;f yaom ‘aqmif;OD;tawG;’pmaya[majymyJrG w S w f rf;"gwyf rkH S

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

tmu&H ygu&He@J AmvmeHawGeJ@ 0gpmurmqefqef +rKd ifawmv,frmS vSKd ifabmv,faeol r[kw?f ol@ae&meJ@ ol@ae&m A[k\w k ya'om +zKd if+zKd ifo;D aewJh *Edik }f u;D +rKd if}u;D rSm cdrk ;DS aexdik o f l jzpfygw,f? usrf;*eftoD;oD;u vrf;rSeef nf;awGukd &SmrS;D a0zef&if; taeuef ra&r&mudk cGm {ueftajzudk &Smaeolom jzpfw,f? b0&J@ twdrt f eufukd wc%eJ@ csdepf uf tdyfrufvdk 0dk;wdk;0g;wm;eJ@ ud;k ,d@k um;,m;udk t[kwrf w S f ±ky"f gwf emrf"gwf ruGrJ jym;eJ@ toJw,m;,m; zJupm;ovdk tvJGtrSm;awG vGefusL;aewJh pmwrl;wefeJ@ csmwl;vefvnf; r[kwyf gacs? tcGit hf a&; jrufwqkyef @J r[kwo f nfukd t[kwaf jym Aka'
vlvHk;vSvwWH@[k pdwfaeoef@oef@eJ@ rxdwrf vef@ aecsifoyl g? a&rSKwfay: rdausmif;ay:ovdk wud, k af wmf ausmf=um;rSK rvdk ud, k u f tp/ olu tm;vH;k ±$ijf yKH ; csrf;ajr/h aysmfwahJ e@udk jrifawG@vdkpdwfeJ@ twdwu f trSm;awGuakd usmf 'dXw&m;udk ar#mf&if; bk&m;ay: aysmfaysmfwuf 'd;k ywf0ikd ;f eJ@ aysmfawmfqufcsifyga=umif;? wifrdk; 21/ 1/ 2007 we*FaEG nOD; tdy, f m0if (q&mwifr;kd ruG,v f eG rf n D u aemufq;kH a&;om;cJw h u hJ Asm) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

8

q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

qkawmif;rjynhfyg...

q&mh*k%fudk wdk@rarh

prf;prf;wif

udo k uf

acwfprf;pmay wacwfrmS ordik ;f opfwhJ wd@k q&m uAsmyef;awG ae@pOfyiG hf wdik ;f jynf*% k u f kd }uKd ;pm;jri‡ ?hf jymrac| uAsmyef;awGoma0 q&m touf&n S yf gapæ q&mhqu D kd 'DuAsmwdak v; usrvSr;f yd@k zl;ygw,f? 2005 {+yrD mS q&m&Sw d hJ avmhted *f svpd u f akd &mufawmh q&mhom;ruf ud0k À u “tryd@k wJh uAsm&w,fæ”vd@k q&mha&S@rSmyJ ajymygw,f? bmajymovJv@kd um,uH&iS u f rkd ar;bJ udak usmf0%udyk J ar;ygw,f? “tazvm;æ/ zwf+y;D csxm;vdu k w f ,fæ”wJh? q&muawmh wH% k b dS ma0/ rESpu f atmufwb kd mrSm q&m aq;±Hw k uf&w,f? rd;k ESi;f &Sw d hJ b,fv*f s, D u H tjyef csKd oif;&Sw d hJ avmhted *f svpd u f w kd ef;roGm;ao;bJ ‘rd;k rc’pum;0dik ;f twGuf qefz&efpu P +kd rKd @udt k &ifomG ;wke;f aq;±Hw k uf&wmyg? rd;k rc(uk)d armif&pfw@kd b,favmufyyl ef&rvJaemfæ? csdKoif;crsmrSmvnf; om;tdrx f w k zf @kd cGpJ w d +f y;D ump q&m0efu em;em;aeaeae v_yv f y_ &f mS ;&Sm;rvkyzf @kd ajymxm;wJ=h um; tazhaZmeJ@ tajy;a&mufvm/ aq;ppfawmh q&mhrmS bma&m*g rSr&S/d om;tzESpaf ,mufpvH;k aysmfae=uwm? usruvnf; a&mufomG ;w,fav? bmwJ-h q&majymwmu aq;±Hw k uf vdu k &f wm aumif;oGm;w,f wud, k v f ;kH ppfvu kd &f w,f? bma&m*grSr&Sb d ;l wJ?h vufuav;yg ,rf;acgif;uav;yg &rf;ajymwmav? 0rf;omayr,fh &mE_e;f jynfh 0rf;romEdik yf gbl;? u|efrodw,f? ol rjzwfEikd yf gbl;? aq;vdyt f pm; iH&k wJah q;jym;av;uvnf; aumif;w,fw?hJ aq;vdyaf omuf csifpw d u f kd aysmufomG ;w,fw?hJ csdKoif;uawmh tawG@t=uKH t& tjynf0h rf;romEdik b f ;l wJ?h usruawmh q&mhukd aq;vdyv f ufaqmifay;wJv h al wGukd r}uKd ucf siaf yr,fh olw@kd crsm q&mhuckd spfv@kd aerSmygvd@k }uKd ;pm;cGiv hf w $ v f u kd yf gw,f? “q&maemf- aeEdik af o;&uf aºu&ufapmvdu k w f m? jymawGukd ac|ovdk aorif;udv k nf; aphaphnufnufacsvdu k yf gvm;aemf? q&mu jymudyk J ac|wwfwmyg? qkawmif;b,fawmhrS rjynfw h wfwu hJ sr bmvd@k 'Dqak wmif;rdygvdr?hf qkawmif;rdwhJ usromtrSm;ygæ”

zefr;D tdr&f @J tvif;a&mif tarSmifciG ;f I tvif;aqmif wdk@vl@abmifrSm rcGJjcm; tvSudk,fpDeJ@ vlom;? aqmif;yg; 0wˆK uAsmoD wdik ;f jynftwGuf aumif;zd@k &nf ola&;oDor# pmaytvS wefz;kd te*ƒ jzwfr&? wuUodkvfrSm ESpfrsm;pGm bmomjyef&if; pma&;&Sm &ifaoG;rsm;pGm tem*wfa&; wzufwvrf; pmoifay;? ayzl;v$m&J@ t,f'w D m q&m aemufq;Hk vkycf w hJ m trSew f &m;udk olwifjy tm%mydik af wG +iKd jiif=u? &Spq f ,f&h pS &f @J ordik ;f rSm vl@xkbufu ol0ifyg uavmifvufeuf tpGr;f xuf tm%m&Siu f kd olx;kd ESu?f trSew f &m; ol cspfcif tm%m&Sit f m; ol qef@usif a':pkvrf;pOf olu}uKd uf uAsma&;I axmufcv H u kd ?f tif;pdefaxmifrSm av;ESpf=um wdik ;f jynfcspfwhJ tjypfyg tm%m&Siu f 'kd ;l raxmuf odumQ &S&d dS olvw G af jrmuf?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

ypPn;f ay;I pnf;±k;H jyef wd@k q&mu vufrcH jyif;xefveG ;f wJh ,k=H unfrKS vlxktm;vkH; vGwfajrmufrSK? tm%m&Siu f npfywfjyef 'kw, d r`d zrf;zd@k =uH ab;&efuif;&m ola&Smif& arG;&yfajreJ@ a0;uGm&? jrefrmqefw@J wd@k q&m Edik if jH cm;rSm raysmfyg awmf&muae ol}uKd ;pm; 'Dru kd a&pD bufawmfom;? owif;Xme toD;oD;rSm tvsOf;oifhovdk toHv$ifhwm jrefrmjynf}u;D aumif;zd@k ta&; ESvkH;om;eJ@ olaqG;aEG;? urBmwywf olvn S yhf wf jrefrmawG aewJt h &yf pGr;f Edik o f r# olqifEJ$ pmaya&;&m a[majymyG?J aemufqkH;csdefxd pma&;wm jynfocl spfwhJ jrwfq&m vl@&yfurBm wnfoa±G@ q&m@*k%u f kd wd@k rarh? (q&m}u;D OD;wifr;kd trSww f &)

9

Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

q&mwifr;dk twGuf qGr;f au|;yGE J i S hf *g0&jyKyGJ *syefwi G fusif;yjyKvkyf tar&duefEidk if H u,fvzD ;dk eD;,m;jynfe,favmht*d svpd +f rKd @rSm aexkid &f if; Zefe0g &Dv 22 &ufae@u ±kww f &ufu, G v f eG o f mG ;cJw h hJ q&m}u;D OD;wifr;dk twGu&f nfp;l +y;D *syefEidk if rH mS &Sw d hJ q&m}u;D ukcd spcf ifwhJ pmayorm;rsm;u qGr;f au|;yGaJ wG/ *g0& jyKyGaJ wGudk wku d sKde@J em*k, d mòr@wk@d rSm toD;oD;usif;yjyKvkyo f mG ;cJ=h uygw,f? tJ'jD yKvkyo f mG ;wJyh aJG wGuawmh Zefe0g&Dv 28 &ufae@ reuf 10em&DrmS rk;d aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u dk u f q&m}u;D twGu&f nfp;l +y;D oHCmawmftm; qGr;f uyfjcif;/ a&pufcstr#a0jcif;/ oCFe;f qufuyfvLS 'ge;f jcif;rsm;ukjd yKvyk cf =hJ uygw,f? q&m}u;D &J@arG;&yfjzpfwhJ jrif;jc+H rKd @/ awmifom+rKd @e,f/ uHjr&J mG rS wlom;ozG,af e xkid cf w hJ hJ OD;!Ge@f a±$(a±$Armowif;pmxkwaf 0aeol)u q&m}u;D twGuf a&;pyf xm;wJ‘h vGr;f csif;uAsm’uk±d w G q f &dk if; E_wq f uf*g0&jyKygw,f? wufa&mufvm=uonfh pmayESiphf me,fZif;orm;rsm;/ tEkynmonfrsm;/ jref rmh'rD u dk a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;aeaomtzG@J tpnf;rSy*k Kd~ vrf sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om;tzJ@G tpnf; rsm;rS q&m}u;D twGu&f nfp;l +y;D jyKvyk rf nf@ ‘zefr;D tdraf zmifa';&Si;f ’twGuf tvSL aiGrsm;ukv d nf;xnf0h ifomG ;=u&m *syef,ef;aiG ESpo f ed ;f (200000)ausmu f dk vufcH &&Scd +hJ y;D / ESppf Ofq&m}u;D arG;ae@jzpfaom ‘Ek0d ifbm 19 &ufae@’a&mufwidk ;f jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd pmay/ *Dw/ tEkynm&Sirf sm;ESihf vlra_ &;vkyu f idk af eolrsm;ukd em,ursm; ua&G;cs,I f ‘zefr;D tdrq f ’k ukd csD;jri‡ o hf mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;vnf; rk;d aomuf=u,f pm=unfw h u dk w f m0efcH ‘rwifwif0if;’u&Si;f vif;ajym=um;oGm;cJo h nf? tvm;wl em*k, d mrSm&Sw d hJ pmaycspjf rwfE;dk olrsm;u q&m}u;D twGu&f nfp;l +y;D em*k, d m&Sd bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;wGif qGr;f oGwt f r#a0yGu J dk jyKvkyo f mG ;cJ=h uovkd wku d sK&d dS pmaytiftm;pkawGjzpfwhJ ‘opPm’awmfveS af &;pmaytiftm;pk/ ‘tvif; tdr’f pmapmif/ ‘tm[m&’pmapmifw@dk rS pmayorm;rsm;uvnf; vlxu k Asm pmqkd awmf}u;D q&m(OD;)wifr;dk vGr;f qGw*f g0&jyKyu JG dk wu'gEb dk mbmrSm&Sw d hJ &Dqidk u f ,f taqmuftOD; pwkwx ˆ yfrmS nae 3em&DrS nae 5 em&Dtxd usi;f yjyKvyk o f mG ; cJ=h ua=umif;vnf; od&&dS ygw,f? (ausmfausmfEikd fMTK)

rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd Yf qGr;f uyfaepOf

OD;a±$b(Hisao Tanabe San)rS 0rf;enf;rSww f rf;a&;aepOf

rdk;aomuf-u,fO,smOfrSL;odk‹æ

q&mwifr;kd twGuf 0rf;enf;rSww f rf;a&;aeaom Edik if aH usmftqdak wmf a':rmrmat;

q&ma&æ q&mjyKpkysKd;axmifay;cJw h hJ ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f’qdkwm trSefw&m;udk vrf;jyEdik zf @kd twGuf tjrw J rf;xGe;f vif;awmufyaerSmjzpfovd/k q&mjzpfcsiw f hJ qEN awGjzpfz@kd usaemfw@kd toufe@J cE<mjraJ eor# óu;pm;aerSmygæ aumif;uifbb kH 0uae ‘om"k’oH;k }urd af c:+y;D usaemfw@kd udk qufvufvrf;jy aeygOD;q&mæ q&mcspfwJhæ q&mhudkvnf;cspfwJhæ rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd t f zJ@G om;rsm; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

10

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

q&mwifrdk;txdrf;trSwf ‘zefrD;tdrfazmifa';&Sif;’zJG‹pnf;vdkufjcif; jynfocl spo f nhf Edik if aH usmu f Asmq&m}u;D wifr;kd udk *k%jf yKonft h aejzifh ‘zefr;D tdraf zmifa';&Si;f ’udk atmufygvyl *k K~d vrf sm;jzifh ,m,Dz@GJ pnf;vdu k yf gonf?

tm;vHk;udkaus;Zl;wifygw,f...

“tazhudkcspf=ucif=uwJholawGu tazhtwGuf&nfpl;+yD; EdkifiHtESH@rSm apwem arwWmxm;+y;D aumif;r_uo k v kd af wGjyKvyk af y;=uwJt h wGuf tm;vH;k udk txl;aus; Zl;wifygw,f? tazuvnf; tm;vH;k udck spyf gw,f? wu,fawmh tazh[m usrwd@k taz qdak yrJh tm;vH;k eJ@oufqikd yf gw,f? usrowd&wmu i,fi,fwek ;f u tazeJ@ tarwd@k u usrwd@k udk tjrw J rf;ajymw,f/ “a[h igwd@k uawmh arwWmyJ csrf;omw,f æ”wJh? “arwWmyJ ay;Edik w f m&Sw d ,fæ”wJh? “tm;vH;k tay: arwWmxm;=u/ om;wd@k orD;wd@k a&æ”wJh? tckvnf; taz[m uG,v f eG w f t hJ csdet f xd tm;vH;k udk taumif;qHk;/ t oef@qHk; arwWmvufaqmifawGay;cJhw,fvdk@ usrwdk@,Hk=unfygw,f? tJ'D twGuv f nf; tifrwef*% k , f rl yd gw,f? tazhudk qHk;±_H;&wJhtwGuf tpm;xdk;r&wJh a=uuGJvSwJh qHk;±_H;r_w&yf jzpfayr,fh 'DtvGr;f awGukd jynfov l x l &k @J arwWmu usrwd@k udk a&pifjzef;ovdk +ird ;f csrf;apcJw h ,f? tJ't D wGuv f nf; tm;vH;k udk txl;yJaus;Zl;wifygw,f? tazrqH;k cifrmS usrwd@k udk tjraJ jymaewJph um;&Sw d ,f? “ol 'DEpS rf mS Green Card &oGm;+yjD zpfv@kd olomG ;csifaewJh *syefe@J ud&k ;D ,m; udk tcsderf a±G;oGm;vd@k &oGm;+yD? ole@J twl usrwd@k vnf;vdu k fc=hJ uæ”vdk@ ajymajymaewm? tckawmh tazrvmEdik af wmhygb;l ? 'gayrJh tazhtwGu&f nfp;l +y;D aumif;r_uk odv k af wG/ txdr;f trSwt f jzpf ‘zefr;D tdraf zmifa';&Si;f ’av;awG jyKvyk af y;aewJh twGuv f nf; txl;aus;Zl;wifygw,fv@kd xyfajymyg&ap æ” rd;k rd;k ESi;f (acwW-t,fvaf t)/ "gwfy-kH rd;k rctifwmeufrS

em,ursm; 1? armifprG ;f &nf(tar&duef-e,l;a,muf)1646 2472 885 2? OD;0if;az(tar&duef-0g&Siw f ef'pD )D 1301 3096 572 3? OD;apmxGe;f (tar&duef-ajrmuftv D ED KGd uf)1815 5015 014 4? a':rmrmat;(tar&duef-zd@k 0de;f )1260 4825 360 5? udo k uf(tar&duef-t,fat)1626 3370 056 tr_aqmifrsm; udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed šf rwifwif0if;(*syefEikd if w H m0efc)H 8190 4128 4725 rrd;k rd;k ESi;f (b,fv*f sD,efEikd if w H m0efc)H 3232 375 448 udak usm0f Àšrrd;k csKo d if;(tar&duef-t,fat)1626 3735 848 udak rmif&pf(tar&duef-u,fvzD ;kd eD;,m;)1415 595 1485 racsmpk(tar&duef-e,l;a,muf)1718 3355 214 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&duef-zd@k 0de;f )1260 4242 434 udak X;Edik (f e,fomvefEikd if w H m0efc)H 3161 767 6582 rjra=u;rH(k aemfa0Edik if w H m0efc)H 477 2558 467 ud0k if;jrifOh ;D (awmifu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if w H m0efc)H 8211 2929 542 -rwnfaiGtjzpf a':vmwaomif;wdwjd zifh pwifygrnf? -yHrk eS 0f ifaiGtjzpf rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fr&S &Sad om a=umjimaiGxrJ S 50µudk vpOfxnh0f ifygrnf? -&efyakH iG&mS azGa&;ESihf tvSLaiGaumufcrH v _ yk if ef;rsm;twGuf q&mwifr;kd udk cspfjrwfE;kd olrsm;ESiyhf ;l aygif;I vkyaf qmifomG ;ygrnf? -zefr;D tdraf zmifat;&Si;f rS q&mwifr;kd arG;ae@jzpfaom Ed0k ifbm 19 &ufae@ wGif trsm;tusKd;twGuf aqmif±u G af eaom jynfwiG ;f jynfy&Sd pmay§*Dw§tEk ynm&Sirf sm;ESihf vlra_ &;vkyu f ikd af qmif±u G af eolrsm;udk csD;jri‡ *hf % k jf yKoGm;ygrnf? -qka±G;cs,fay;tyfrE_ iS yhf wfoufI em,umrsm;ESihf tr_aqmifrsm;rS pDpOfjyK vkyo f mG ;ygrnf? -tqdyk gvkyif ef;udk us,fus,fjyef@jyef@vkyaf qmifvydk gojzihf q&mwifr;kd udk cspjf rwfE;kd olrsm;tm;vH;k 0ifa&mufy;l aygi;f vkyaf qmif=uyg&ef zdwaf c:tyfygonf?

zefr;D tdrf [dzk ufurf;u rD;xdex f ed f 'Dzufurf;u rD;xdex f ed f wdk@tudkxGef;wJh zefrD;tdrf zefr;D tdrf tarSmifciG ;f arSmifavvif;av vif;xufvif;? armifprG ;f &nf 2007 ZEM0g&D 24

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

11

q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

zefrD;tdrfazmifa';&Si f;twGuf aiGa=u;vSLwef;=uolrsm;pm&if; ,ef; 1˜000(wpfaxmif)vSLwef;=uolrsm; rif;ndK0rf;/ udx k eG ;f xGe;f / cifarmifoef;/ udak omfEikd jf rif/h udw k ;kd =unfaqG/ armif=unfw;kd / Edik 0f if;/ a':oef;oef;at;/ rd;k Zufoed ;f / cifaZmf/ atmifausmfjrif/h f OD;/ 0if;rsK;d / 0if;xGe;f oef;/awmifial qmifausmif;om;a[mif;wOD;/ apwem&Siw Edik jf ynh+f zKd ;/ Lia Mang Cing Khai(CNC)/ Lia Cing Lam Mang(CNC)/ Daw Ning Za Lun(CNC)/ U Khup Hen Pau(CNC)/ Cing Khat Lun(CNC)/ Hau Khan Ciang(CNC)/ Nang Lam Thang(CNC)/ roif;oif;vwf/ raX;/ rpd;k pd;k jrif/h udak Zmf}u;D / OD;xdev f if;/ ausmfausmfo/l xGe;f atmifausmf(DFB)/ pd;k Edik (f DFB)/ xGef;xGef;0if;(DFB)/ vSat;armif/ k 'D;/ armifoed ;f atmif/ a':aX;aX;atmif(SND)/ aZ,sm0if;šrsKd;yy0if;/ udv ausmfrif;OD;švwfvwf[ef/ armif[efomrdom;pk/ udck ifatmif/ xGe;f xGe;f Edik f ,ef; 2˜000(ESpaf xmif)vSLwef;=uolrsm; a'gufwm=unf0if;/ rif;xufaZmf/ armifarmifv}S uKd if/ ^m%f0if;atmif/ OD;at;/ a±$vif;,kerf o d m;pk/ OD;rsKd;!Ge@f / udrk ;kd jrwf[ed ;f / udjk rifah Zmfšrrd;k rd;k tdro d m;pk/ udu k akd tmif(DFB-JP)/ ausmfvi_d af t;šcifE, G 0f if;/ ,ef; 3˜000(oH;k axmif)vSLwef;=uolrsm; a':at;oef@=uL/ apwem&Sirf sm;/ OD;atmifrif;(=u,fpifpwd;k )/ aZmf0if;vdi_ /f aersKd;atmif/ udzk ek ;f jrifo h ed ;f šrwifE, G 0f if;/ oef@aZmfO;D / udak eatmif/ udak [mif;/ apwem&Sio f ;kH OD;/ ud&k w J ifšh r!Ge@f !Ge@f a0/ rcifrsKd;rsKd;/ KNL(JP) ,ef; 5˜000(ig;axmif)vSLwef;=uolrsm; OD;pde/f a':cifaqGat;/ udak tmifp;kd rd;k / armifjrwfo(l Black Rose)/ aemfqikd ;f / armifarmifped /f armifarmifxed /f (udu k akd tmif˜aemfwifwifaxG;˜aemft,fr)l / (armifcifaZmf˜armifr;kd ndK˜armif[efo)l / FWUBC/ ndK0if;ode;f / ausmf0À/ udu k (kd Attraction)/ rcifcifr;kd šraqGaqG0if;(td;k puf)/ udak X;opfšrZlZ/D udak wZšrjrwf,Ofacsm/ udo k ef;&Sed /f rat;,H(k SND) ,ef; 6˜000(ajcmufaxmif)vSLwef;=uolrsm; udw k ifatmifšraroef;a±$ ,ef; 10˜000(wpfaomif;)vSLwef;=uolrsm; udck spfr;kd (Kurosaki San)/ OD;a±$b(Tanabe San)/ udak rmifoef@šrbkwb f w k /f udjk rifx h eG ;f (em*)/ wuUov kd o f , G yf ef;qef(w&m;&dyòf rif)/ zl;0wf&nfatmif/ udek ENšrjzL(jzLpm;aomufqikd )f / ud[ k ef0if;xGe;f / udak rmifarmifat;/ udak usmfausmfxeG ;f ,ef; wpfaomif;txufvLS wef;=uolrsm; udjk ra0(15˜000-wpfaomif;ig;axmif,ef;) udkaX;EdkifšrjrwfoDwm(20˜000-ESpfaomif;,ef;wdwd) udkpdk;0if;&Sdefšrwifwif0if;(100˜000-wpfodef;,ef;wdwd) rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd (f 200˜000-ESpo f ed ;f wdw)d 2005 ckEpS f pmaya[majymyJrG (S 228˜000-ESpo f ed ;f ESpaf omif;&Spaf xmif)

pkpak ygi;f - 861000(&Spq f ,haf jcmufaomif;wpfaxmif,ef;)

zefr;D tdraf zmifa';&Si;f qyfaumfrwD(*syef) twdik yf ifcyH *k Kd~ vrf sm;? 1? OD;!Ge@f a±G(03 5481 7518)/ 2? OD;oef;aqG-ajreDuek ;f (080 5055 3645) 3? OD;armifarmifat;(070 6643 8163)

tvkyt f r_aqmifrsm; 1? udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed (f 090 4128 4725) 2? rwifwif0if;(090 8720 9017) 3? udak rmifoef@(080 5478 4243) 4? udw k ifatmif(080 5173 4058) 5? udx k ifausmf0if;(090 3348 1988) 6? udak tmifp;kd rd;k (080 6569 2352) 7? udak tmifv(D 048 259 1640) 8? udn k Kd 0if;ode;f (090 8500 1642) 9? udck ifarmifaZmf(090 9370 7462) 10? udjk rifah qG(090 7247 6099) 11? udjk rwfo-l Black Rose(090 2311 8579) 12? rat;&if(080 5490 2006) 13? udrk ;kd ndK(080 5642 4216) 14? udzk ek ;f vdi_ (f 090 5318 5054) -xyfrw H ;kd csJv › ykd gojzifh yl;aygif;yg0iforl sm;udv k nf; zdwaf c:tyfygonf? -zefr;D tdraf zmifa';&Si;f twGuf vSLwef;vdyk guvnf; atmufygzke;f eHygwfrsm; udk qufo, G I f vSLwef;Edik yf gonf?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

12

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

xm0&xGef;awmufaer,fh

zefrD;tdrf (zd;k oH-vlx)k

zvfr;D tdro f nfæ a=umifvrd Ef , G q f if/h eef;tdrjf rifrh mS xGe;f wifEh ikd rf nf r[kwyf gæ? zvfr;D tdro f nfæ wdrv f m$ udpk m;/ v &xm;jzifh 0ifºh um;pGmvsi/f c&D;ESio f nf ocifw@kd jref;/ yef;cif;vrf;wGif ndx ‡ eG ;f Edik rf nf r[kwyf gæ? zvfr;D tdro f nfæ r+ird rf ouf/ pdwaf ,muf,ufEiS hf vrf;ysuw f ±l /l a&mufvmolukd tm;ulr#om xGe;f rnfwnf;æ? ol@tqif;onfæ aerif;yrm/ ol@tm;ol@rmef olyikd [ f efjzif/h oloef&mrS Tavmuudæ k tvSqifv[ kd efwum;? ? q&mwifr;kd . 1959 ckEpS f pmayAderf mefq&k ‘zvfr;D tdr’f uAsmrsm; pmtkyt f zH;k tqkyd gpmtkyt f zH;k udk tar&duefjynfaxmifp&k dS udak t;0if;(vrif;w&mpm=unhw f u kd )f ESihf q&mOD;0if;azwd@k xHrS &&Syd gonf?

udb k *srf;&J@ zefr;D tdru f Asmpmtkyx f u G af wmh usaemf&pS w f ef;wufaewmyg? tJ'w D ek ;f u usaemf[m 0wˆKe@J aqmif;yg;awmhzwfyg&@J ? 'gayrJh uAsmqdv k @kd ausmif; pmuvGv J @kd rzwfz;l oavmufygyJ? q&m‘rif;ok0%f’&J@ uAsmtenf;tyg;awmh zwfz;l / usufrw S zf ;l ygw,f? 'gayrJh ‘armifacG;zd@k uAsmrsm;’xJuomrsm;ygw,f? 'Dvekd @J udb k *srf;&J@ ‘zefr;D tdr’f xGuv f mawmh usaemfw@kd tdrx f rJ mS csD;usL;oH awG em;v#Hatmif=um;vm&ygw,f? 'DtxJrmS usaemft h aru xdyq f ;kH uyg˜yg w,f? b,ftyk'u f av;ujzifh b,fvakd umif;vGe;f vd@k -aumif;vGe;f vd@k eJ@? t,f'D wmcef;rSmvnf;ajym=u/ xrif;pm;=u&mrSmvnf;ajym=u/ tJ't D xJutyd'k af wG/ pma=umif;awG±w G jf y=u/ ud;k um;=ueJ@/ =um;&zwfrsm;awmh c&pf,mefomoemðy ausmif;om;usaemfvnf; pdw0f ifpm;vmygw,f? 'ge@J tarhuu kd yf+y;D “b,ftyk'zf wf&rvJæ”vd@k ar;cJyh gw,f? 'Dawmhtaru b,ftyk'u f b,fvakd umif;wmqd+k y;D axmufjy/ ±Si;f jy+y;D zwfjzpfatmifzwfz@kd wdu k w f eG ;f ygw,f? pmtkyx f u J olu, kd w f ikd t f vGw&f aewmav;awGvnf; ±Gwjf y ygw,f? 'Dvekd @J “usaemfw@kd armifErS awG/ t}u;D awG tm;vH;k zefr;D tdrpf mtkyu f kd tm; wufoa&mzwf=uygw,f? ol@&J@ ‘zefr;D tdru f Asmrsm;’ yxrt}urd ±f u kd jf cif;[m ua&mif; 16 csKd ;t±G,/f trsm;tac: 0wˆKqu kd af v;yg? tzH;k u tJ'aD cwf rEWav; wuUov kd ef &H u H yfpmapmifawGe@J ESpv f nfr*~Zif;awGrmS tpGr;f jyaewJh a±$bu kd ‘udpk ed af rmif’jzpfygw,f? udpk ed af rmif[m ausmif;om;nD!w G af &;wyfO;D twGuv f nf; ydpk wmawG/ yef;csD awGa&;ay;wwfygw,f? udpk ed af rmifv h uf&mu yef;csD(OD;)atmifp;kd [efe@J tjzL a&mifaemufcrH mS teDa&mife@J teufa&miftoH;k ðy+y;D qGx J m;wJzh efr;D tdraf v; zef vJv h u hJ kd qGx J m;wmjzpfygw,f? uAsmpmtkyt f zH;k yDjyifvyS gw,f? tJ'v D ekd @J usaemfb h 0rSm zefr;D tdraf v;xGe;f ndv ‡ u kd w f t hJ cgrSm usaemhaf cgif;eJ@ ESvHk;om;xJrSm r=uHpzl; vif;xdefoGm;+yD; 'Dae@txdtvGwf&aewJh uAsmawGudk zwfr/d tvGwu f sufryd gawmhw,f? ausmif;pmtjyifu uAsmawGxrJ mS txuf rSmajymcJw h hJ uav;uAsmawGuvG&J if usaemfyxrqH;k tvGwu f sucf /hJ &cJw h m[m ‘zefr;D tdr’f pmtkyx f u J uAsmawGyv J @kd qd&k if rrSm;ygbl;? usaemf acwfuAsmudk óuufwwfomG ;yg+y?D uAsma&;csipf w d v f nf; ay:vmcJyh g +y?D wu,fawmh tJ't D cgu udb k *sr;f [m ‘vlx*k sme,f’xJrmS emrnftrsKd ;rsKd ;eJ@ a&;aewm ESpw f csKd @±So d mG ;yg+y?D 'gayrJh ol@uAsmawGukd usaemfowdrðywmtrSeyf g? ta=umif;u usaemfuvlx*k sme,fuzkd wf&if (OD;av;)usm;b+ird ;f &J@ vufa0S@

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

13

Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&mwifr;kd (1933=2007)

aqmif;yg;/ a±$uikd ;f om;&J@ aqmif;yg;/ 0wˆK pwmawGavmufzwfwmyg? pmzwfyg; vH;k 0r0ao;wJt h ±G,jf zpfygw,f? 'ga=umihf udb k *sr;f udv k nf; rjrifz;l / 'grrS [kwf jrifz;l aomfvnf; owdrxm;rdz;l ygbl;? yxrqH;k awG@zl;wmu ol zefr;D tdrq f &k w,fqw kd o hJ wif;udk a&'D,u kd =um;& +y;D aemuf wae@rSm ol&,f/ udo k mEd;k &,f/ aemufwOD;u udpk ed jf rihf (armifr;kd ol)vd@k xifw,f/ usaemfw@kd tdru f v kd m+y;D usaemft h azeJ@tarudak wG@=uygw,f? rSwrf w S f && nOD;ydkif;wckrSmyg? usaemftrSwfrrSm;&if udkomEdk;u tJ'Dw0dkufwkef;u usaemfw@kd tdru f t,f'w D mtzG@J rSm tvkyv f yk af eygw,f? ae@wdik ;f awG@ae&wJv h l yg? aemuf+y;D rSew f majym&&if tJ'w D ek ;f u usaemfw@kd t±G,ef @J ol@t&nftaoG; awGudk rodygbl;? axmifwef;tuscHxm;wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifa[mif; wa,mufqdkwmavmufyJ em;vnfxm;wmyg? udpk ed jf rifu h awmh(usaemht f arpum;eJ@ajym&&if) ol@tazudAk wkwf (awmxJ rSmusq;kH oGm;ol)vdyk J vlxw k u kd u f kd 0ifcsiw f t hJ csed 0f ifvm+y;D xGucf siw f t hJ csed jf yef xGuo f mG ;wJh tdro f m;wa,mufvkd aewJv h yl g? olw@kd vmw,fqw kd meJ@ taru usaemfw@kd udk “rif;wd@k awG@zl;csifwhJ armifb*srf;wd@k vmw,fa[hæ”vd@k vSr;f ajym +y;D olw@kd apmifah ewJh {nhcf ef;xJu0kd ifomG ;ygw,f? 'DtcgrSm usaemfw@kd armifErS awG t}u;D tus,f v_y&f mS ;ukeyf gawmhw,f? usaemf&,f/ usaemht f r&,f/ usaemhEf rS &,f acgi;f csi;f ±du k w f ikd yf if+y;D ud, k rfh mS ±Sw d hJ atmfwpkd mtkyaf v;awGxw k +f y;D {nhcf ef;wHcg;ayguaf b;/ tcef;pnf;aemufuae jyLwpfjyLwpfvyk =f uygw,f? usaemfw@kd udv k rS ;f jrifwhJ taru “[J@- bm=unhaf ewmvJ/ 0ifc=hJ uavæ” vd@k vSr;f ac:ygw,f? +y;D rS {nho f nfrsm;bufuv kd n S +hf y;D “a[m'DrmS / armifb*sr;f udk awG@zl;csiv f @kd wJæ h ”qd+k y;D 'D[mu b,fo/l [d[ k mub,f0gq+kd y;D rdwq f ufay;yg w,f? 'DawmhrS usaemfw@kd uvnf; ud, k ahf emufrmS 0Sux f m;wJh atmfwpkd mtkyf av;awGxw k af y;+y;D atmfwakd &;ay;zd@k r0Hrh &Jajym=uygw,f? tJ'w D ek ;f u udo k mEd;k eJ@udpk ed jf rifu h a&;ay;r,fqw kd mudk usaemfw@kd u odyo f abmrwlcsif=uygbl;? olw@kd u tjrjJ rifawG@aewJv h al wGu;kd ? udb k *sr;f u usaemft h r atmfwpkd mtkyx f J rSma&;ay;+y;D wJah emuf usaemhpf mtkyx f rJ mS a&;ay;ygw,f? uav;awGr@kd aygah ygh wefwef/ +y;D pvG,af &;ay;wm rvkyyf gb;l ? ol@&J@ a&;aeusvufa&;0dik ;f 0dik ;f }u;D awG eJ@ pma=umif;av;wdw k u kd kd ajz;ajz;eJ@rSerf eS af &;ay;ygw,f? “±d;k om;r_om cspfp&m”wJh? 0rf;omvdu k w f jhJ zpfjcif;? ole@J ywfouf+y;D usaemfw@kd armifErS wawG =um;zl;xm;wmudu k wifr;kd qdw k hJ vl[m ol@uAsmav;awG vSyqef;!Ge@f oavmuf olu, kd w f ikd u f awmh tae txdik t f ajymtqdk b,fuavmuf/ b,fuvd±k ;kd om;wmqdw k mrsKd;awGr[kwf vm;? 'ga=umifh ol@aqmify'k v f @kd qd&k r,fh pum;&yfukd tckvv kd v S aS v;a&;ay; vdu k af wmh usaemhw f oufrarhEikd pf &mjzpfomG ;ygawmhw,f? tJ'aD emuf usaemfvnf; atmfwpkd mtkyu f kd ol@vufxu J jyef,+l y;D aemuf ol@ rsuEf mS udk jyef=unhv f u kd yf gw,f? ol@&J@ pHusvw S =hJ uifemr_tjynhyf gw/hJ wu,fu h kd ±d;k om;wJt h jyKH ;udak wG@&ygw,f? tJ'aD emuf usaemfw@kd armifErS wawG ola&;ay; vdu k w f hJ atmfwakd v;awGukd wa,muf-wa,muf jy=u/ olrsm;awGukd jy=ueJ@ wu,fu h kd uav;awGvakd ysmo f mG ;=uygw,f? *k%v f nf;,l=uygw,f? zwf&wJv h l wdik ;f uawmh tJ'‘D ±d;k om;r_om csppf &m’qdw k mav;udyk J aumif;vdu k af vvd@k rSwf csucf s=uygw,f? 'Dvekd @J usaemfvJ zefr;D tdrx f u J renf;vSwhJ uAsmawGukd tvGwu f suf+y;D wuUov kd 0f ifwef;udk a&mufvmygw,f? usaemfw@kd acwfu 9 wef;eJ@ wuUov kd f 0ifwef;wuf&ygw,f? wuUov kd 0f ifpmar;yG}J u;D eD;awmh usaemfu reufausmif; rwufcif ausmufoifyek ;f }u;D ay:rSm zefr;D tdrx f rJ mS ygwJ EG,o f muD oHjzwfwyk'f xJutvd-k z&uf&mS av; &uf=umraES;apESihf

txuftnmaus; wuUov kd rf udÉk q f u D a±$nmolysdKjzL wodu k u f ,fw@kd tar#mpf u kd u f m±$icf sKd csKyd oajy!dk a±$bykd ef;&,fe@J vufurf;um óuESirfh ,fav;” (pmom;enf;enf;rSm;Edik yf gw,f)qdw k t hJ yd'k u f kd a&;xm;vdu k yf gw,f? c&pf,mef omoemðyausmif;om;/ usaemfholi,fcsif;awGu 'gudkawG@awmh udk,hfb0eJ@ wdu k ±f u kd q f ufaewmrd@k csujf cif;em;vnf/ cHpm;Edik v f @kd odyo f abmusomG ;+y;D us aemfu h kd twdwaf umif; edrw d af umif;aqmifvmw,fv@kd aus;Zl;wif=uygw,f? tJ'aD emuf usaemfrEWav;wuUov kd u f akd &mufawmh Oypmyxrwef;om;yDyD vufcsm,lz@kd a[mvf}u;D a[mvfi,fawGukd tajy;tv$m;twef;ul; oif&yg w,f? 'DtcgrmS usaemfowdxm;rdwmu(ud, k u f vnf; uAsm±l;pðyae+yq D akd wmh) pmoifpm;yGaJ y:rSm uAsmwdu k Asmpjzpfjzpf/ rde@f qdck sufjzpfjzpf/ wckcak &;r,fvyk f vdu k w f ikd ;f udb k *sr;f &J@ ‘{nho f nf}u;D ’uAsmxJu “aq;vdyv f nf;wdk aevnf;!d”k qdw k t hJ yk'u f kd wa,ufa,mufu a&;xm;wmawG@&wmygyJ? tdro f mawGxrJ mS vnf; a&;xm;vdkufwmtae&m&mygyJ? aemufq;kH ukeu f ek af jym&&if usaemfaxmifxaJ &mufawmh wdu k ef &H aH wGay:rSm awmifawG@&ygw,f? 'Dae@ ArmjynfrmS uAsmeJ@ywfoufv@kd jiif;=uck=H u/ wdu k =f u cdu k =f u/ bmawGyaJ jymaeae/ b,fuavmufyu J aJG eae/ udb k *srf;uAsmawGe@J ywfoufv@kd uawmh b,fo/l b,f*% kd ;f urStjiif;ryGm;=uygbl;? t±G,fa&mufwJhtjyif pmzwfwJhvlwdkif;vdkvdkyJ ‘aq;vdyfvnf;wdk’udkawmh tvGw&f wmcsn;f ygy?J +y;D awmhvnf;/ urBmah e&mtES@H tjym;udk Armjynfom;awG a&mufavwdik ;f Armpm/ ArmuAsm&,fv@kd olrsm;awG=um;rSm armfp&m ºum;p&m tjzpf azmfxw k =f uwdik ;f udb k *srf;uAsmawG xdyq f ;kH uygaewmyJr[kwyf gvm;? wu,hu f kd ajcwH±n S /f ajcvSr;f rsm;wJh “zefr;D tdryf g? ckawmhjzifh zefr;D tdr±f iS rf ±Sad wmhyg? 'gayrJh zefr;D tdraf v;ujzifh Armjynf om;awG&@J ESv;kH om;awGxrJ mS xm0& xGe;f awmufaeygvdrrhf ,f? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

14

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;rsm;

Ð+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf&nf±G,fI c&D;&Snfav#mufolrsm;udk }udKqdkaxmufcHolrsm;jym; jrefrmEdik if +Hird ;f csr;f vmap&ef&nf±, G If Zefe0g&v D 30 &ufae@rSpwifum xdik ;f Edik if /H befaumufòr@&Sd etzoH±;kH a&Sr› S rJaqmufòr@txd c&D;&Snv f rf;av#muf qENjyae=uonhf Ak'b < moemh0efaqmif udk,fawmfoHk;yg;ESifh vl0wfwpfOD;wdk@ tm; xdik ;f txl;&Jrsm;u vHjk cKH a&;tpDt rHrsm;jyKvkyaf y;=u+y;D t&yfom;rsm;u vnf; qGr;f tat;uyfum tm;ay; axmufc=H uonf[k qENjyyJOG ;D aqmif ol ‘t&Siaf omygu’u rde@f =um;onf? tqdyk gvrf;av#mufqENjyyJu G kd rwf vrf;av#mufqENjy=uonhf t&Siaf omygu/ t&Siaf crmeEN/ &Siw f ad vmuESihf udck ikd }f u;D v 2 &ufae@wGif tqH;k owfrnf[o k d &+y;D vrf;av#mufpOf yifyef;onft h csed f Y a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J “uDvrkd w D m

rsm;pGm tajy;+yKd ify0GJ ifwyhJ *k Kd~ vfawG[m ajymjyvdk@r&atmif emusifr_awG&Sd w,fqakd yr,fv h nf; yef;wdik u f tifr wefe;D uyfae+yq D w kd hJ todpw d "f gwfu av;eJ@ quf+y;D ajy;&ovdak yghæ” qdk onfh pum;wcGe;f a=umifh rdrpd w d "f gwf udk wif;xm;Edik cf ahJ =umif; t&Siaf crmeEN u rde@f =um;onf? ‘t&Siaf omygu’onf 2006 ckEpS f =o*kwv f twGi;f uvnf; urBm+h ird ;f csr;f a&; eJ@ jrefrmh+ird ;f csrf;a&;twGuf *smr %DEikd if /H udv k ek ;f òr@uae *smreD+rKd @awmf txd 29 &uf=um vrf;av#mufcJhzl; a=umif; od&onf? (RFAESiahf cwfòyifr)S

Ð 88 ausmif;om;rsm;. &ifziG vhf m$ pmay; ydk‹a&;v_yf&Sm;r_ tcsdefwdk;I vkyfaqmifrnf Ð jrefrmvlxktwGuf ‘vrf;jy=u,f’zJG‹pnf; &Spaf v;vH;k rsK;d qufausmif;om;awGu jynfoal wG&@J rauseyfcsuaf wGukd etz OuUÏxHuw kd ikd =f um;zd@k qdw k &hJ nf±, G cf suf eJ@ 2007 ckEpS f Zefe0g&D 4 &ufae@u p+y;D jyKvkycf w hJ hJ ‘&ifziG v fh m$ ’pmay;yd@k wJh v_y&f mS ;r_[m azazmf0g&Dv 4 &ufae@ rSm owfrSwf&ufjynfhoGm;+yDjzpfayrJh qufo, G af &;tcuftcJawGa=umifh pm awGtcsderf jD yefra&mufwm/ &yfa0;u jynfoal wGu 'Dvy_ &f mS ;r_ukd tcsdew f ;kd ay;zdk@ awmif;qdkvmwmawGa=umifh quf vuftcsdefwdk;vkyfaqmifoGm; r,fv@kd od&ygw,f? tcsd e f w d k ; w,f q d k a yr,h f &uf tuef@towfr&Sdwdk;wJh oabmrsKd; r[kwb f ;l vd@k vnf; qdyk gw,f?

88 rsKd;quf ausmif;om;acgif; aqmifwOD;jzpfwhJ udjk rat;uawmh 'D ta=umif;eJ@ywfoufvdk@ vlxkxHu xda&mufwphJ mawGyg0ifaea=umif;/ 0ef xrf;rsm;xHrpS m/ tm%mydik t f zJ@G tpnf; rsm;xHrpS mawGyg yg0ifaewJt h wGuf ydrk kd a&;Edkifatmif tcsdefwdk;vdkuf&wJht a=umif;wckvnf;jzpfw,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? 'D‘&ifzGifhv$m’v_yf&Sm;r_u&wJh pm awGukd 88 rsK;d quf ausmif;om;awGu wm0ef,+l y;D Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}u;D oef;a±$qD yd@k rSmjzpfa=umif;/ pmtdwaf ygi;f 25˜000 pwifcJhwmjzpfayrJh ,cktcg 7˜000 ausmf vufcH&&Sdxm;a=umif;/ wpf aomif;ausmfvdrfhrnf[k,lqa=umif; vnf; od&ygw,f?(FRArS)

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a&Sa› e}u;D OD;at;jrif(h "gwyf -kH [pfwikd rf )S

nma&;/ use;f rma&;qdik &f mcsK› , d iG ;f csuf awGudkvnf; okawoejyKpkI azmf xkwfwifjyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f? vrf;jy=u,ftzJ@G taeeJ@k yJc;l òr@rSm wifrubJ jrefrmjynf&@J te,fe,f t &yf&yfawGtxdyg vdkufvHaqmif±Guf oGm;r,f[k od&w,f?(RFArS)

Ð ausmif;om;rsm;tzJ‹G csKyf+idr;f csrf;a&;qk&

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15

Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;rsm;

‘trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf[m taemufEikd if w H csK› &d @J }uKd ;qJ&G mvdu k u f aewJh ±kyaf o;tzJ@G wckjzpfw,f? Zefe0g &DvtwGi;f +Aw d ed ef @J tar&duefo±H ;kH t r_xrf;rsm; tzJ@G csKyf±;kH od@k 34 }urd f vm a&mufawG@qHkcJhw,f? 'ga=umifhrdk@vdk ygwzD suo f rd ;f cH&zd@k &uf eD;uyfvmae+y’D [k etzxkwo f wif;pmxJrmS a&;om; azmfjyxm;ygw,f? etzrw&m;pGypf aGJ jymqdak &;om;r_ ESiyhf wfouf+y;D tzJ@G csKyaf jymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf OD;jrifhodef;u “teft,fv'f yD gwD[m jynfov l x l u k a±G;aumufwifajrm‡ uf xm;aom w&m;0ifEikd if aH &;ygwDwck jzpfwt hJ wGuf Edik if w H umqufo, G f a&;udk vGwv f w G v f yfvyfvyk af qmif ydik cf iG &hf w dS ,f? w&m;r0ifaqmif±u G f wm wckrrS &Sb d ;l ? 'Duv kd mwJq h w kd hJ oH±;kH awG/ wm0efcaH wGqw kd m olw@kd wm0ef t&vmwmbJ? 'Dvv kd mwmudk owif; a&;wJyh *k Kd~ vfawGu remvdrk ±_qrd w hf hJ oabmrsKd ; eJ @ a&;wmjzpf y gvd r f h r,fæ”[kajymonf?

Ð NLDygwDzsufodrf;cH&csdefeD;+yD[k etz+cdrf;ajcmuf qufvuf+y;D OD;jrifo h ed ;f u tar&d uef/ +Aw d ed o f ±H ;Hk omru wjcm;oH±;kH rsm; ESifh qufoG,fr_&Sda=umif;/ tzGJ@csKyf&J@ rl0g'jzpfwJh t=urf;rzuf +idrf;csrf;pGm awG@qHak qG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;vrf;pOfukd vufudkifjyKoGm;rSmjzpfa=umif;/ etz taeeJ@ tzJ@G csKyaf ysmufomG ;apvdo k nfh &nf±, G cf sujf zifh xdo k @kd ajymqdak &;om; r_rsK;d udk ,cifuwnf;u vkyaf qmifae =ujzpfI tzJ@G csKyftaeeJ@ rqef;awmh a=umif; ajym=um;ygonf? teft,fv'f yD gwo D nf 1990 jynhf a±G;aumufyJGwGif jynfol@qENrJjzifh tjywftowftEdkif&&SdcJhaomfvnf; etzppfwyfu tm%mrvJt $ yfonfh tjyif ygwaD cgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef; pk=unfukd aetdrt f us,cf sKycf sxm;qJ jzpfonf? tar&duefESifh +Adwdefwdk@u ukv or*~ vHkjcHKa&;aumifpDokd@wifoGif;

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16

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;

owif;pmq&mb0 ESpfaygif; 60 (armifpGrf;&nf)

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2006 ckEpS u f a=u;rHOk ;D aomif; *syefEikd if o H @kd pmaya[majymyJv G mpOfuyHk

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17

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“bba&/ orD; bbwd@k vdk pma&;wwf&if a&;vdu k cf sifw,fæ” “bmta=umif;rsm;vJ eef;pdefaiG&J@æ” “uG,v f eG o f l pma&;q&mr pdepf ed (f om,m0wD)u a&;w,frw _ v f m;bb&J@? ‘±dk;rawmif}uD;om+zdKvdkufcsifawmh’qdkwmavæ” “at; at;? csi;f trsK;d orD;av;u ol@&nf;pm;eJ@a0;uGmaewmudk rcHr&yfEikd f jzpfvm+yD; olwdk@udkumjcm;xm;wJh ±dk;rawmifwef;}uD;udk ajy;òzvdkufcsifwJh ta=umif;yguG,æ f ” “ckvJ orD;wdk@u&ifjynfe,frSm 'Davmuf}uD;rm;vSwJh ‘a'geawmifwef; }u;D ’udk òzzd@k vkyaf e=u+yb D b&J@æ” “a[ [kwv f m;æ b,foal wGrsm;vJ? eifo&d ifajymygOD;uG,æ f ” “orD; r,fv'kuo Q nfpcef;a&mufawmh odchJ =um;cJ&h w,fbb&J@? 'D=um;xJ Adv k cf sKyfjr&J@psmyemrSm vGr;f olyef;acGvmcsoGm;wJh etzwyfrrSL;jzpfwhJ ‘Adv k rf LS ; jrwfxGef;OD;’eJ@ ol@vufaxmufwOD;ygwufa&muf+yD; yef;acGcsoGm;w,fæ” “tJ'geJ@ b,fvq kd ufpyfr&_ v dS @kd vJ eef;pdeaf iGæ” “y'dak tmifqef;&Sw d ek ;f uawmh opfawGcw k +f y;D a&mif;pm;wm xdik ;f tpd;k &eJ@a&m/ etzppfwyfu, kd pf m;vS,af wGyg a':vmoef;aygi;f 500 &Scd w hJ ,fbb&J@? rme,f yavmus+y;D aemufrmS y'dak tmifqef;u vufeufcs+y;D ‘tarSmifx’J jyef0ifomG ; w,f? wcgbb&,f jrefrmhyifv,fjyife@J weoFm&Dwikd ;f rSm etz&,f xdik ;f &,f tarSmifx0J ifomG ;wJh y'dak tmifqef;eJ@taygif;tygrsm;&,fu ,ae@wdik f ig;awG zrf;aeqJyJwJhæ” “eifajymovdq k kd opfvcJ w k +f y;D +y?D ig;awGvzJ rf;aeqJy?J ck a'geawmifwef;u olwdk@bmtwGufòzrSmvJuG,fæ” “bb wu,frodbl;vm;æ” “wu,furkd odwmyg eef;pdeaf iG&,fæ” “opfcw k w f ,f/ ig;zrf;w,f/ ck a'geawmifrmS ausmufw;l r,fwhJ bb&J@æ” “Asm-a'geawmifrSm bmausmufawG&Sdvdk@ wl;rSmvJ[Jhæ” “bba& olw@kd ajymwmuawmh a'geawmifwef;rSmqd&k if pdev f &J r,f/ a±$vJ &r,f/ ywWjrm;vJ&r,f/ ckyJ awmifiel @J anmifav;yifrmS ywWjrm;&ae+y?D u&ifeD a'orSmawmh ausmufprd ;f awG&ae+yaD væ” “a=omf 'ga=umifh eef;pdefaiGu a'geawmifwef;}uD;udkòzvJ=uawmhr,fvdk@ ajymwmudk;æ”

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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21

Moe Thauk Kye Journal Edik if w H umowif;rsm;

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal v 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o hf rH sm;

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

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30

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