Mtk Vol3 No11

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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wifr;kd 23-10-2006 tar&du

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd Ef iS hf rd;k aomuf-u,f*sme,ftwdik yf ifceH m,ujzpfol uAsmq&mwifr;kd . 19/ 11/ 2004 wGiu f sa&mufrnhf 72 ESpjf ynhaf rG;ae‹rSonf ouf&n S u f se;f rmI ab;b,ma0;uGm_yD; trdjrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pD&onftxd xufjrufaomuavmifvufeufjzifh wdu k yf 0GJ ifEikd yf gapæ rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du) *sme,fem,mursm; wifr;kd (tar&du) armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs) wm0efct H ,f'w D m rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm; rsufEmS zH;k 'DZi kd f; apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) twGi ;f yef;csDo±kya f zmf aX;opf/ armifatmifvD yHE k y dS f BDA Group

jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 8210 3938 5712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

3

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

4

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vif;vufZmenf 22 atmufwb kd m 2006

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

5

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal awG‹qHak r;jref;jcif;

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'kuo Q nfav#mufxm;oljrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; v0uxde;f odr;f a&;pef;rsm;wGif wae‹wjcm;rsm;jym;vmaejcif;? *syefEikd if w H iG f 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufxm;ol jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; wae@wjcm;rsm;jym; vmovkd tqdyk g'u k o Q nfav#mufxm;olrsm;ukd ‚wd@k .av#mufvm$ wifr_ rcdik v f jkH cif;/ 'kuo Q nftjzpfvufc&H ef ,H=k unfavmufaomtcsurf sm;r&Sjd cif; tp&Sad om ta=umif; jycsufjzifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHxm;&r_rsm; wd;k yGm;aea=umif; od&&dS onf? zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&olrsm;xJwiG f 'Dru kd a&pDvyk af qmifae=uonhf tzJ@G tpnf; rsm; rS tzJ@G 0ifrsm;yg0ifovk/d tzJ@G tpnf;0ifr[kwo f rl sm;vnf;&Sad =umif; od&&dS onf? wcsK› rd mS yxrt}urd t f zrf;cH&+y;D / umvDz;kd rifah c: ,m,DtmrcHjzifh v0uxHwiG f ESpv f w}urd f ajccsKyfoabmrsKd;vufrw S x f ;kd &efomG ;pOf xyfrx H ed ;f odr;f jcif;cH&jcif;jzpfonf? ,cifu 'kuo Q nfav#mufxm;olrsm;xJwiG f jrefrmtrsK;d orD;OD;a&enf;yg;ovd/k ESpf umv&Sn=f umpGmxde;f odr;f cH&onhOf ;D a& tenf;i,fom&Scd ahJ omfvnf; ,cktcgwGif wdu k sKEd iS ahf 0;uGmaom tDbm&mudEiS hf em*gemuDwiG f jrefrmtrsK;d orD; 15 OD;tygt0if pk p ak ygi;f jrefrmvlrsK;d 70 ausm&f adS =umif;/ wcsK@d rSm pdwu f sa&m*grsm;tjyif/ use;f rma&; 'kuo Q nfav#mufxm;ol jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;tjyif Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD; csKd,iG ;f r_rsm;yg&Sad ea=umif;vnf;od&onf?(armif&iS -f bm;rm;rD', D m) csKyaf ESmifxm;onfh tDbm&muDv0utusO;f pcef;.0ifaygujf rifuiG ;f rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

10

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

twˆ y`wadW aqmif tif wKmeuf qmif;yg; ;yg;

yckuLU om; pmayol&aJ umif;}uD;rsm;ta=umif; (armifpGrf;&nf) vGwv f yfa&;acwfrmS yckuLU upm a&;q&mawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;xGuf ay:cJyh gw,f? udak usmaf tmif/ udjk roef; (wif)h / ud=k unfvife@J udak tmifvif;wd@k [m rwdrf;r,drf;t±G,fwlawGjzpf=u +yD;/ EdkifiHa&;orm;awGvnf;jzpf=uyg w,f? ckawmh av;a,mufpvH;k uG,v f eG f uke=f uyg+y?D ud=k unfvifuakd wmh rjrif zl;vdu k yf gbl;? olom ouf&x dS if&mS ;&Sd aeOD;r,fq&kd if xl;c|ex f if&mS ;wJph ma&; q&mjzpfvmzd@k rsm;ygw,f? udak tmifvif;udak wmh &efuek rf mS ñuH zl;vdu k yf gw,f? uG,v f eG cf ge;D rSm a±$ay: u|ef;q&mawmfqDudkoGm;+yD; aq;uk ao;w,fajymygw,f? tJ'u D jyefvmcg pu 33 vrf;xdyf a±$=unfat;vuf zuf&nfqikd rf mS q&mrmC/ q&m'*kef wm&m/ q&mAef;armfwifatmifwdk@eJ@ twlxikd +f y;D pum;ajymcJ&h ygw,f? ukad tmifvif;u tvHet D yk pf u k yg? Aef;armfwifatmifukd Auytkypf q k +kd y;D jrefrmEdik if H pma&;q&mtoif;rSm tkypf k zJ@G qef@usifwu kd cf u kd cf w hJ ,fv@kd =um;zl; ygw,f? 1950 ckEpS af vmufuyg? q&mwm&m OuUÏjzpfvmwmudk 0dik ;f wdu k =f uwmyg? vufzuf&nfqikd rf mS qH=k uawmh tJ'gawGarhaysmuf+y;D cifcif rifrifpum;ajymae=uwmudk jrif&wm =unfE;l p&myg? “cifAsm;wd@k usaemfu h kd ypfrxm;ygeJ@æ”vdk@ ajymvdkufoHudk =um;&ygw,f? emrnf&if;u‘udkwif az’wJ?h oDcsi;f awGvnf; a&;zl;ygw,f? t&ufuzsufq;D vd@k ysufp;D oGm;+y;D t aoapmoGm;cJyh gw,f? tEkynmyg&rD&dS wJyh *k Kd~ vfwOD;yg? udak usmaf tmif/ udjk roef;wd@k eJ@awmh txl;&if;ES;D cifrifciG &hf vdu k yf gw,f? tp u udkrif;ausmfwdk@eJ@a&maESm+yD; ‘udk ausmfatmif’/ ‘udjk roef;’vd@k ac:cJah y r,fah emufawmh ‘OD;ausmfatmif’/ ‘OD;

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jroef;’vd@k yJac:ygw,f? wmeJ@qHkvdk@ awG@jrif&ifESD;oGm;wJhtcg/ OD;jroef;wifhu jrif;jcH-rEWav;eJ@ ol[m &Jabmftaygi;f toif;awGtay: a&pufe;D ygw,f? uGejf rLepfygww D m0ef rSm tvGeo f aH ,mpOf}u;D wufwmudyk g awGukd jrif;jceH @J rEWav;rSmaepOfu xrf; odvm&ygw,f? nDtudv k kd &if;ES;D cifrif aqmifczhJ ;l ygw,f? udw k ifr;kd wd@k ±Gmqd&k if cJ&h ygw,f? ol@±Gmvdk&if;ESD;ygw,f? yDuif;jyefxGef; udak usmaf tmif}u;D eJ@vnf; nDtudk +ird ;f wd@k / oHr%darmifarmifw@kd eJ@ uefjrJ vdck ifygw,f? olu a[;vm;0g;vm;eJ@ Z*srf;±Gmudk pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfzdk@ oGm; aewwf y gw,f ? pum;ajymawmh a&mufaexdik cf =hJ uvd@k yg? vnf; atmf}uD;[pfus,fajymwwfyg rEWav;rSmawmh ygarmuQcsKyfOD; w,f? olwuUov kd rf mS aewke;f u ol@ukd ausmf&if/ vlxOk ;D vSw@kd [m &efuek rf mS ‘[pfwvHk;’vdk@ ac:=uowJh? zqyvr&Scd if t&ifapm+y;D rEWav;rSm ud=k unfvifu 1949-50 ckEpS /f &ef wnfaxmifpnf;±H;k cJ=h u&mrSm OD;jroef; ukew f uUov kd Ef pS v f nfr*~Zif;rSm ‘wuU u i,fi,f±, G ±f , G yf gcyhJ gw,f? uGejf rL odkvfpma&;q,sm}uD;rsm;’qdk+yD; pm epfygwD[m zqyv&J@tpdwt f ydik ;f w ajymifa&;zl;ygw,f? ck usaemfy;l wJyG @kd ckjzpfv@kd rEWav;&Sd uGejf rLepfb&kH yd o f m vdu k w f hJ tkypf "k gwyf [ kH m olw@kd oH;k OD;vH;k rSmae&if; zqyvtvkyaf wGun l v D yk f ygwJh "gwfyrkH @kd ul;,ljzef@csdvu kd w f myg? udik cf &hJ wmyg? tJ'rD *~Zif;xJu"gwfyykH g? tJ'DrSmpma&;wm/ a[majymwm/ olwdk@av;OD;vHk;[m pmayopfo vlxpk nf;±H;k a&;vkyw f mwd@k udk OD;ausmf rm;awGcsn;f ygy?J '*kew f m&mu wm&m &if&@J }u;D =uyfavhusirhf e_ @J wjznf;jznf; r*~Zif;xkw+f y;D pmayopf/ jynfo@l pmay &ifhusufvm&a=umif; avxD;OD;tkef; t,ltqudkwifvdkufwJhtcg yckuUL armifw@kd / zd;k oHacsmif;wd@k a&;wJh pmawG om;av;OD;vHk; tifwdkuftm;wdkufyg xJu zwf±o _ &d cdS &hJ ygw,f? 0ifc=hJ uygw,f? aemufrS udak tmifvif; usaemfhtazaxmifusawmh rsuf ucJx G u G +f y;D wdu k cf u kd w f myg? rSejf roef;eJ@qHck &hJ w,fqw kd m yckuLU jr wu,fawmh pmayopform;/ yck oef;wifyh jJ zpfy&kH ygw,f? rar;rdvu kd yf g uULom; pma&;q&mu av;OD;r[kwf bl;? q&mjroef;wifu h v kd nf; t&ifu ygbl;? ig;OD;vd@k ajym&rSmyg? udo k ef;wif rawG@zl;ygb;l ? ol udu k u kd |e;f ujyefvm qdkwm&Sdygw,f? wm&mr*~Zif;rxGuf awmh usaemfvnf; &efukefajymif;vm awmhwt hJ cg 'D &Jabmfig;OD;u q&mwm rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

&mudak cgi;f aqmifwif+y;D ‘pmayopfr*~ Zif;’qdw k mukd quf+y;D xkwcf hJ =uygao; w,f? EdkifiHa&;/ *dk%f;u%tpJGawG a=umifh tapm}u;D &yfomG ;&ygw,f? 'Dtyk pf "k gwfyx kH rJ mS tv,fu xdik f aewmu t*Fvyd pf mygarmuQ OD;rsK;d rif; yg? t*Fvyd pf mtwdik yf ifcpH mwnf;yg? OD; rsK;d rif;&J@b,fbufu aemiftcg jrefrm pmygarmuQjzpfvmwJh uxduOD;armif armif}u;D yg? OD;armifarmif}uDem;u jrefrmpm˜ pmwnf;/ 0dZm… aemufq;kH ESpt f wef;om; udk=unfvifyg? OD;rsKd;rif;&J@vuf,m buf rsurf eS ef @J vlu 'kw, d ESpaf usmif; om;yg? t*Fvyd pf mwJzG ufpmwnf;yg? udkjroef;&J@aemufuvlu r*~Zif; aumfrwD&J@ wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;udk ausmaf tmifyg? useyf *k Kd~ vaf wGuawmh pmayavmurSm xif&Sm;olawGjzpfr vmygbl;? usaemfwdk@rSm wifrdk;/ av;armif/ armifprG ;f &nfq+kd y;D jrif;jco H m;oH;k OD; w uUodkvfrS pmayudpPawGvkyfcJh=uay r,fh r*~Zif;aumfrwDwckwnf;rSm rqHk zl;cJ=h uygbl;? wuotr_aqmiftjzpf a&m/ uavmif&iS t f oif; tr_aqmift jzpfa&m rqHck =hJ uygb;l ? olw@kd oH;k OD;qHrk d =uwmudak wG@&awmh tm;usryd gw,f? olwdk@oHk;OD;qHk=uawmh oHk;OD;vHk;u '*kefwm&m&J@ pmayopft,ltqudk twlwuG yl;aygi;f axmufcOH ;D aqmifchJ =uwmuvnf; trSww f &jzpfp&myg? ausmif ; uxG u f a wmh ud k a usmf atmifaq;ausmif;om;u q&m0efy nmqufroifjzpfyJ 0dZm… eJ@yJb@GJ &+y;D q &mrif;ok0%f&@J bmomjyefÏmerSm udk =unfvife@J twlvyk cf =hJ uygw,f? q&mjroef;uawmh trsm;od=uwJh twdik ;f axmifc%c%usaevd@k tpk;d &tvkyfqdk&if wcgrSrvkyfcJhzl;ygbl;? vkycf iG &hf vnf; vkyrf mS r[kwyf gb;l ? us aemfhudkawmif awG@awG@csif; tvkyf xGuzf @kd wdu k w f eG ;f ygao;w,f? ta&; awmfy}kH u;D +y;D awmh ol@wdu k w f eG ;f csuef @J usaemfapm+y;D yifpif,v l u kd yf gw,f?

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

11

twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;

tJ'D 1949-50 ckEpS rf mS usaemfu 3-4 wef;ausmif;om;yJ&ydS gao;w,f? jynfwiG ;f ppfa=umifh usaemfrh mS tarh±mG uausmif;a&m/ tazh±mG uausmif;a&m ysufomG ;+y;D ausmif;rae&yJ wESp/f ESpf ESpfavmufusnfqefawG=um;rSm ajy; v$m;aecJ&h ygao;w,f? r*~Zif;rSm jynf wGif;ppfta=umif;awGvnf; ygaeyg w,f? udak usmfatmifuqd&k if Auy wyfex D u J v kd u kd o f mG ;wJh ol@oli,fcsif; &JabmfxeG ;f atmifta=umif;udk ajAmif a&;xm;wm tH=op&m}u;D yg? ud=k unfvifw@kd qd&k if “vluckd ifv@kd rJrxJeh @J / 0g'óuufrx S æ hJ ”vd@k ajAmifpm uyf+y;D wuoa±G;aumufy0GJ ifowJ?h wuUodkvfjyifyrSm olwdk@&J@pmayopf vdkif;u '*kefwm&meJ@ Aef;armfwif atmifwdk@ jrefrmEdkifiH pma&;q&mt oif;}uD;rSm tr_aqmifta±G;cH&ovdk wuUov kd u f iG ;f u r*~Zif;aumfrwDrmS vJ pmayopform;awGu ta±G;cH=u &awmh “teDa&mifvr$ ;f uke+f yæ D ”qd+k y;D jyifypmayavmurSma&m/ wuUov dk f pmayavmurSma&m t}u;D tus,f*

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wku d cf u kd &f if; usq;kH oGm;w,fv@kd ajAmif a&;xm;ygw,f? tJ'w D ek ;f u w&m;r0if awmhwhJ olyek yf gwt D a=umif;ukd pmtkyf awGxrJ mS a&;cGi&hf w dS hJ ygvrD mef'rD u kd a& pDukd owdðyrdp&maumif;ygw,f? ckae a&;rd&if ESpf 20 axmif'%fusrSmygyJ? uJ- tJ'rD *~Zif;udk ajrmuftv D ED KGd uf wuUov kd pf m=unhw f u kd rf mS awG@vdu k &f vd@k 'Dta=umif;udak &;vdu k w f myg? yckuULpmayol&Jaumif;}uD;rsm;udk tvGr;f ajyvd@k oabmxm;+y;D a&;vdu k f ygw,f? "gwyf u kH v kd nf; jzef@a0csiv f @kd yg? vGwv f w G v f yfvyfvrG ;f Edik =f uygapaomf?

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wHqyd af cgif;zd;k ay;ygu tdrw f ikd &f ma&mufy‹kd ay;ygrnf rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u dk u f OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fukd vpOfyrkH eS rf mS ,lzwf±v _ ykd gu*syefjynfwiG ;f - wv 200 ,ef;( 5 vpm ,ef; 1000) wjcm;EdkifiHrsm;- wv 2 a':vm( 5 vpm 10 a':vm) (pmwdu k rf aS iGxnfyh @kd rnfqykd gu taºursm;xnfyh @kd Ir&yg)

ukvtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf&mxl; tm&SEdkifiHom;qufcH befuDrGef; ukvor*~taxGxtG wGif;a&;rSL;csKyfjzpfvm awmifu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D befurD eG ;f udk ukvor*~taxGaxGnD vmcHu udzk t D meefuq kd ufcrH nfh ukv or*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;csKyt f jzpf atmufwb kd m 13 &ufae@u a±G;cs,f vdu k o f nf? touf 62 ESpt f ±G,f bef onf udkzDtmeef. 'kwd,ig;ESpfwm twGif;a&; rSL;oufwrf;ukefqHk;rnfh 2007 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&D 1 &ufae@rSpI ESpf 60 oufwrf;&Sd ukvor*~tzJ@G }u;D . tXrajrmuf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; rSL;csKyf jzpfvmrnfjzpfonf? T&mxl;twGuf rJrqG,af o;rDt xd tm&Swu kd jf yifywGif vloed nf;aom yk*~dKvfwOD;udk ukvtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf opftjzpf xl;xl;jcm;jcm;a±G;cs,fcef@ tyfvdkufjcif;jzpf+yD;/ tqdkyg&mxl;t wGuf óu;pm;cJo h l 7 OD;teufrS wOD;jzpf um vHjk cKH a&;aumifpw D iG ;f av;}urd rf J ay;&mwGif xdyq f ;kH rJ&&Scd o hJ jl zpfonf?

udzk t D meefuvnf; 1991 ckEpS u f rS ukvor*~tzJ@G 0ifjzpfvmcJ+h y;D ajrmuf ud&k ;D ,m;ESihf wif;rmaeqJ e,fjcm;rsO;f wGif ukvor*~wyfrsm; ,ckxcd sxm;& qJjzpfonhf awmifudk&D;,m;EkdifiHt wGuf ordkif;rSwfwdkifw&yfjzpfa=umif; rSwcf sufcsonf? ESpf 40 eD;yg; oHwreftjzpfusif vnfcahJ om befu twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf &mxl;twGuf a±G;cs,fc&H onhf 'kw, d ajrmuftm&Swu kd o f m;jzpf&onht f wGuf *k%, f al =umif;ajym=um;onf? yxrOD;qH;k aom tm&Swu kd o f m;rSm 1961 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS x f d wm0ef,cl hJ aom jrefrmEdik if rH S OD;oef@jzpfonf? ukvor*~twGi;f a&;rSL;opfukd vufqEGJ w _ q f ufaeaom udzk t D meef befonf ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;ESihf EsLu “usaemfu taumif;jriform;w rsm;rsm;eJ@ ydkaumif;aumif;vkyfay; vD;,m;udpP aphpyfnE‡d i_d ;f r_rsm;wGif a&S› f hJ ukvor*~jzpfatmif usaemfw@kd h zJ@G t Edik w wef;rSyg0ifco hJ jl zpf+y;D ukvtwGi;f a&; a,mufyg? usaemfw@kd urBmt f J usaemfrh mS twlvkyfaqmifoGm;=uygpdk@æ”[k rSL;csKyftjzpf ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;od@k oGm; pnf;&J@ tem*wftwGuv a&mufrnfjzpfa=umif; ajym=um;onf? ar#mfvifch sufawG tjynf&h ydS gw,f? ydk ajym=um;onf?([pfwikd rf )S rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

12

&opmwrf;

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

rJZmawmvm;wyk'f ar_idrf;

(1) aocsmwmuawmh ‘'kuo Q nf’qdw k ahJ 0g[m&u b,fvrkd S pdwu f ;l ,Ofcsipf &m raumif;wmtrSeyf gæ? b,forl S ‘'ku’Q qdkwJh pum;vHk;eJ@ reD;pyfcsif=uwmvJ trSeyf gæ? tckawmh jrefrmEdik if &H @J teD;qH;k tdref ;D csif;xdik ;f Edik if &H @J ‘'kuo Q nfpcef;’vd@k trnfwyfxm;wJh tus,cf sKyaf xmif}u;D xJukd jrefrmawGu tvkt,uf0ifcsif =uvd@k wJah væ? tdyrf ufvykd J ,kEH ikd pf &mr&Sw d t hJ jzpfawGæ? 'gayr,fh tJ'g wu,ft h jzpftysufawGyg? tJ'x D u J kd tjrefq;kH 0ifcsif=uvd@k aiGa=u;eJ@awmif vmbfxdk;=u&w,fwJhæ? wu,fqkd =uufo;D xæausmcsrf;csifp&maumif;vSwhJ owif;awGyg? +y;D awmh a=uuGpJ &mvJ aumif;vSwmyg? tckawmh campvdk@ac:awmh odyftusnf;rwefwJh 'kuQonfpcef;xJ0ifzdk@ wufwufºuºuæ ±kwf±kwfonf;onf;? wu,fh pGef@pm;cef;wckvdk? wcsKduawmhæ olw@kd crsm tJvo kd mG ;=urSyJ tem*wfu t"dyg` ,f&OdS ;D rSmæwJ?h wcsdK@uusawmhæ tJvv kd al wGu tcGit hf a&;orm;awGyæ J wJ?h wcsdK@uusawmhvJ æ'g[m &Supf &maumif;wJv h yk &f yfv@kd xifw,fæwJ?h aocsmwmuawmh 'Dupd [ P m uJ@&J@jypfwifp&mawmhr[kwyf g? txl;ojzifh awmh ud, k u f a&muf+y;D uHaumif;axmufrpGm wwd,Edik if }H u;D awGqD tapm}u;D a&mufciG &hf +y;D om;vlawGuawmh 'kuo Q nfpcef;0if=uolawGtay: uJ&h @J jypfwifz@kd roifb h ;l vd@k xifygw,f? emrnfuu kd 'kuo Q nfpcef;vd@k w&m;0iftrnfwiG w f ahJ e&mudk wu,fqkd b,fov l mcsifyghrvJ? 'gayr,fh 'ku}Q u;D vGe;f olawGuawmh vm=u&wmyif? ud, k Ehf ikd if rH mS b,fvrkd aS er&awmh xGuv f m&wmyJv@kd tajzwlawGom ajz=u wJo h al wG[m jrefrmEdik if rH mS awmifpeG ;f ajrmufpeG ;f aecJ=h uolawGyg? tckrS 'kuo Q nf vd@k jzpfrS awG@=u&olawGyg/ olw@kd tcsi;f csi;f }uKd wifnEd‡ id_ ;f ajzp&mta=umif;r&S?d olw@kd crsm wcsKd @u 'kuQ onfpcef;xJuxuf qd;k wJb h 0awGxJ aecJ&h olawGygr,fæ? wcsKd @uawmh 'kuQ onfpcef;eJ@ tvSr;f a0;vSwhJ +rKd @}u;D jy}u;D awGrmS aecJo h al wGygr,fæ? 'gayrJh wlwmwckuawmh 'kurQ sKd ;pHu k kd &ifpnf;cg;pnf;cHc=hJ u&w,fqw kd mygy?J 'ga=umifyh J woufv;kH olrsm;udk armfr=unfch &hJ wJh q&m0efawG ausmif;q&m awG/ tif*sife, D mawG/ pma&;q&mawGuakd wmif 'kuo Q nfpcef;rSmawG@vm=u&

wmyg? +y;D awmh trsm;pk[m Edik if t H wGuf enf;trsK;d rsK;d eJ@ wm0efxrf;cJ=h uolawGyg? aocsmwmuawmh tJ''D u k o Q nfpcef;xJ 0ifomG ;=uolawGtem;rSm tckae oDcsif;wyk'o f mG ;qd&k if olw@kd ±_u d }f u;D wiif idak ºu;=uvdrrhf ,fv@kd usr,Hw k ,f? urBmra=uæArmajyæwd@k bd;k bGm;tarGppfr@kd cspfjrwfE;kd ayæ jynfaxmifpu k t kd oufay;vd@k wd@k umuG,rf avæ’'g'd@k ajyæ'g'd@k ajræ'g igwd@k ajyæ (2) ‘rJZmawmifajc/ pD;axGaxGwnf/h jrpfa&0ef;vnf jrKd iaf wmqDu’vd@k tpcsw D hJ rJZmawmifajc&wkukd usrausmif;om;awGuo kd ifwt hJ cg rJZm[m awm}u;D rsuf rnf;vd@k pmqdu k zG@J ayr,fh awG;=unf&h if wu,fah wm}u;D +rKd if}u;D xJ wa,muf wnf;&Sad ewmrsdK; [kwcf sifr[ S w k rf ,fæ rJZm[m aejynfawmfe@J a0;wJh wjcm;+rKd @=u;D w+rKd @vJ jzpfaeEdik w f myJ? 'gayr,fh ud, k cf spfwo hJ al wGr&Sw d hJ ud, k ahf 'or[kww f hJ ae&mwck[m b,f avmuf}u;D us,cf rf;em;aeayr,fv h J cHpm;wwfwo hJ t l wGuaf wmh awm}u;D rsuf rnf;yJv@kd ajymjyrdygw,f? tJvakd jymwdik ;f rSmvJ pdwx f rJ mS rJZma&mufae&wmyJ jzpfwhJ tefwpD u k kd owd&+y;D ud, k cf sif;pmcHpm;&ygw,f? tckv'J u k o Q nfawGæ 'kuo Q nfpcef;qdw k mawGuawmh wu,fah wm}u;D vGijf yifawGyrJ [kwv f m;? “rif;wd@k udk aemifwcsderf mS urBmt h aumif;qH;k pm&if;0ifEikd if aH wGqo D mG ;Edifk zf @kd tcGihf ta&;ay;&rSmæ 'ga=umifh - ck igwd@k xm;ovdk ae=u&r,fæ”vdk@ xkwrf ajymayr,fh 'kuo Q nfawG[m tJvykd J oabmtxm;cHae=u&wmyg? rao±Hw k r,f aezd@k pm;zd@k / oGm;vmzd@k ay;xm;+y;D iSuzf sm;eJ@rSraobJ vGwv f m &ifawmh ESpb f ,favmuft=umvd@k rrSe;f Edik w f t hJ csdew f csderf mS wwd,Edik if q H w kd hJ r[mtcGit hf a&;qdw k m=u;D ud&k r,faygh? +y;D &ifawmh olrsm;Edik if u H kd ud, k v hf yk t f m;awG Om%ftm;awG oGm;ay;=u&OD;rSm ayg?h olrsm;Edik if u H oem;ojzifah y;wJh tcGit hf a&;awGut kd m;ud;k +y;D ud, k t hf wGuf tcGit hf a&;awGukd &Edik o f avmuf t&,l=u&OD;rSmaygh? tJ'w D ikd ;f jynfom;awG&@J rsuv f ;kH pdr;f awGatmufrmS ae&usyu f syef @J ae=u&OD; rSmaygh? b,fah vmufrsm; emusifa=uuGpJ &maumif;vdu k yf govJ? 'gawGukd od vsufe@J yJ a±G;p&mvrf;r&So d al wGr@kd tJ'v D rf;=urf;=u;D udk a±G;cJ=h u&wmyg? aocsmwmuawmh vl@b0xJrmS rcsrf;om&ifawmifrS tESyd pf ufrcH&bl;qdk wmuav;avmuf aocsm&ifawmif omawmifo h m,m&Sv d w S hJ ud, k ahf jrqDyJ t ajy;jyefcsi=f urSmyg? tckawmh awmeJ@ awmife@J wJuav;awGe@J qefeu D siu f siaf wGukd oJ&yS &f yS rf #if iyde@J ukvm;yJEikd Ef ikd ef @J tm;vH;k wajy;nD tus,cf sKyo f m;rsm;b0eJ@ olprd ;f awG&@J vufxrJ mS ae=u&ayOD;r,f? b,favmuf=um=ur,frod? &ifemp&maumif;wmu ynmwwfb0udk &cJzh ;l olawGtzd@k awmh rif;wd@k udk 'kuaQ &mufrmS pd;k vd@k ynmwwfatmif oifay;aewmuGv@kd ajymwwfwrhJ b d awG udk tm;emoem;pGm rsufEmS ylpmG eJ@ owd&ae&r,fb h 0awGygyJ? 'gayr,fh jzpfvmor#udk tHw&k ifqikd &f w J murS owWw d ahJ væ (3) 'kuo Q nfpcef;awG&@J tdyrf ufawGxrJ mS awmh tar&du&Srd ,f/ 'grrS [kwf Oa&m y/ 'grrS [kwf puif'aD eAD;,ef;Edik if rH sm;æ bmyJjzpfjzpf ud, k Ehf ikd if rH mS wke;f uavmuf awmh a=umufp&mr&Sad vmufb;l vd@k xif=uwmyif? tenf;qH;k ud, k o hf m;orD;awG rylryif ynmoifEikd rf ,fxifyg&J@? trsdK;aysmufrmS pd;k a=umufygonfqw kd hJ 0wˆK wyk'u f kd temwckvkd owd&aewJv h v l &J rdS mS ygyJ? 'gayr,fh vGwf&mvrf;rjrif? tazwa,mufuawmh om;uav;udk jrefrmjynfrmS xm;cJ&h olæ? olu“om;twGuf usaemftepfemcHwmwJh / usaemho f m;acwfrmS ynmaumif; aumif;oifEikd &f r,f/ olrsm;udak rmh+y;D ai;=unf&h r,fh usaemhv f kd tjzpfrcHEikd b f ;l æ? jynfwiG ;f rSmusawmh usaemhv f rkd eS w f myJvyk cf sifwahJ umifawGu ud, k u hf av; awmif ausmif;aumif;aumif;xm;Edik w f mrSr[kww f mæ”wJh?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

13

Moe Thauk Kye Journal &opmwrf;

aemufxyf ynmwwfro d m;pkwpkuawmh taztarawGu wu,fyh nm wwf Edik if aH &;orm;awG? tazvkyo f u l ajymw,f? ”usaemfw@kd om;orD;qd&k if jynfwiG ;f rSm t!Ge@f csKd;cH&rSmaocsmw,f? bmrS vkyrf &wJt h wlwl wcsdecf sdef ud, k Ehf ikd if t H wGuf tqifoifjh zpfae&atmif usaemf a&m/ om;orD;awGuykd g ynmaumif;aumif; &xm;apcsifv@kd Asmæ”wJh? ynmwwfrdef;rwa,mufuawmh udk,fhom;orD;awGudk vlvdkae&atmif vd@k æ jy;D awmh vl@wefz;kd qdw k mbmvJv@kd odapcsiv f @kd wJ?h jrefrmawGcrsm temcHrS tompH&qdw k hJ pum;yHt k m;ud;k eJ@ &Sio f efae=uwm xifyg&J@æ? wu,fawmh jrefrmEdik if o H m;awG[m 'kuu Q akd jy;awG@&JwhJ wdu k yf 0JG if&o J al wGyg? wdkufyGJxJrSm tustqHk;udkvJ}udKwGufjyD; &ifqdkif&JolawGyg? 'Dae&mrSmawmh ta&;=u;D wmu wdu k yf t JG +y;D jyefvnfxal xmifcsderf mS ud, k ahf jrqD tajy;jyefjy;D ul=uzd@k qdw k hJ pdwaf wmhvykd gw,f? aocsmwmuawmh 'kuo Q nfpcef;xJrmS awmh ‘Edik if aH &;'kuo Q nf’yJjzpfjzpf/ ‘ppf ajy;'kuo Q nf’yJjzpfjzpf/ ‘±Gmyke;f ±Gma&Smif'u k o Q nf’yJjzpfjzpf/ tm;vH;k vdv k [ kd m ud, k hf b0wd;k wuf&mwd;k wufa=umif;eJ@ at;&mat;a=umif;udk ar#mv f if=h u&SmolawGyg? ar#mv f if=h u&wmuvJ olw@kd b0awGu tem*wfukd wul;wu'kucQ +H y;D ar#mf vif&h avmufatmif tcGit hf a&;awG qH;k &_;H ae=uvd@k yJr[kwv f m;? 'ga=umifæ h 'kuo Q nfqw kd m 'kuu Q o kd ,fy;kd xm;&olawGv@kd yJ usr t"dyg` ,f zGichf sifygw,f? tJ't D cg vGw&f mvrf;awmh &Sm=u&ayvdrrhf ,f? uAsmq&m opfaumif;tdru f awmhy¾dwawGuvnf; olzek ;f pm;yrmynm&SmjrJ wwd,t&G,af wGuvnf;aiGurRXmef;udpk ;D jzef;jrJ usaemfw@kd aemufausmrSm vdu k &f mG aeusrd;k uvnf; tarmwaumvdu k &f mG jrJ æ ESpcf gjyefcsdK;vd@k r&wJjh rpfxrJ mS wcgwnf;omESpfaovdkufygawmhæwJh? &uf&ufpufpufz@JG &Smw,f? usruawmh 'g[mjzifh t&_;H ay;0g'qefw,fv@kd jrifygw,f? (4) awmawmif a &ajrobm0qd k w m vl o m;wd k i f ; ud k wrsd K ;wrnf a wmh zrf;pm;Edik w f mygy?J jrefrmjynfrmS &Sad ewke;f u c&D;awGxu G w f ikd ;f awm&dyaf wmif&yd f awGrmS / aus;vufyo D wJah e&mu v,fawGuikd ;f awGqrD mS / xef;awmawGrmS / wHig onfawGtem;rSm usrolw@kd awGe@J twl wvavmufjzpfjzpfaecsicf zhJ ;l w,f? o bm0xJrmS pdwcf sr;f omp&maumif;rSmyJv@kd pdwu f ;l ,OfczhJ ;l w,f? olw@kd b0awG xJ olw@kd vGwv f yfaysmf&i$ af ecJzh ;l wmudk tm;uscJzh ;l w,f?

wu,fawmh 'g[mpdwu f ;l ,Ofry_ gy?J vlawG[m ud, k }f u;D jyif;&wJh obm0rSm om auseyfru _ t kd jynft h 0&Edik w f myg? tckawmh usrwd@k &J@ v,form;awG/ xef; wuform;awG/ wHigonfawGvJ olw@kd b0xJaysmcf iG rhf &=uawmhbJ ud, k ahf jrudk pGe@f +y;D ajy;=u&? 'kuo Q nfqw kd mbmvJv@kd ±kyjf rifo=H um;xJrmS omjrifz;l cJ=h uwJh jrKd @awmfo+l rKd @awmfom;awGvJ ud, k w f ikd 'f u k o Q nfawGjzpf? tJ't D csderf mS a&mæ vlawG&@J tm±Hak wGukd zrf;pm;Edik w f wfwhJ obm0a&ajr awGu bmrsm;wwfEikd rf vJ? jy;D awmhæ vuf0o J Ek &N vd/k &wky'kd pf akH &;yd@k vd@k rS r&Edik f wJh oufO;D qHyikd b f &k ifxufawmifrS qd;k wJt h m%m&Siv f ufatmufrmS ud, k w hf ikd ;f jynfuae xGuaf jy;vmcJ&h wJh Edik if rH ahJ wGtwGuaf wmh tuef@towfr&Sw d hJ t us,fcsKyfcH 'kuo Q nfb0eJ@ ae&Hrk w S yg; tjcm;r&Sad wmh+y?D uAsmq&mopf aumif;tdru f awmhrnfo@kd yifjzpfapæ rJaqmufawmifajc pD;axGaxGwnfh æ vd@k a&;ygw,f? (5) 'gjzifæ h jrefrmawGxrJ mS b,foal wGua&m vGwaf jrmufae=uygovJæ/ b,f olawGua&m 'kuo Q nfr[kw=f ubl;vJæ? usrawG@oavmufawmh jrefrmjynftwGif;weHwvsm;rSm usD;vef@pmpm; rsufvHk;awGæ/ wD;wdk;&ifzGifhoHawGeJ@ tjynfh? jyD;awmh tm;vHk;[m tvif;udk =uKH }uKd ufciG rhf &=u? wHcg;awG txyfxyfjzwf=u&? aomhawGtxyfxyfziG =hf u&? 0uFygxJ prf;w0g;0g; vrf;&Sm=u&? pGe@f pm;cef;awGxv J J ajy;=uv$m;=u&? tJ't D jzpftysuaf wGtm;vH;k [mvJ tus,cf sKyf ‘kuo Q nfpcef;=u;D xJrmS ygy?J tJ'aD e&mrSm ydq k ;kd wmu ud, k u hf kd t&ufpufq;kH ESyd pf ufz@kd acsmif;aewJ&h efol awGu teD;av;rSm tjr&J adS ewmygy?J 'Dvekd @J tJ'&D efoal wG ud, k w f ikd v f 'J u k o Q nf? &efow l @kd &J@ tdyrf ufawGuvJ [ke;f [ke;f awmufavmifwhJ rD;awmufyjl yif;awGom? +y;D awmh olw@kd &efot l csi;f csi;f vJ&efo?l +y;D awmh tJ'&D efoal wGu acsmifyw d cf x H m; &wJo h wW0gawGvkd rnf;rnf;jrif&ef&mS csifwo hJ al wG? qdkawmh- jrefrmvlxkawGcrsm aoG;rawmfom;rpyfwJh pdwfrESH@olawGeJ@ wtdrx f t J wlae=u&ovdk tcsed w f ikd ;f rSm tEW&m,f&adS e=u&Smwm? 'kuo Q nfpcef; rSmawmh tenf;qH;k awmh t±l;&efuae oufom&m&Edik rf mS aygh? usruawmh b0xJrmS tus,cf sKyef @J &Sio f efz@kd ud, k w f ikd rf sm; =uKH }uKd u&f r,f qd&k ifawmh pmzwf/ pma&;eJ@ avhvmvd@k &or# avhvmp&mawG tukeaf vhvmzd@k tcsde&f w,fv@kd atmufarhr,f? uHaumif;vd@k rdom;pke@J ruGrJ uGmaecGi&hf &if om;orD;awGukd tJ'aD wmhryS J tcsed t f rsm;}u;D ay;Edik af wmhrmS vd@k pdwcf sr;f omr,f? tenf;qH;k awmh om;orD;awG udk ordik ;f a=umif;awGta=umif; aumif;aumif;ajymjyEdik rf ,f? avmu}u;D udk yu wdtwdik ;f obm0twdik ;f jrifwwfvmrSmrd@k 'g[m wefz;kd yJv@kd cH,rl ,f? pmrsufEmS 17 od@k

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

14

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tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

*syef&jzL*sDEiS fh jrefrm'kuoQ nfrsm; (pd;k 0i 0iff;&Sdef)

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

15

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

16

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

v 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o hf rH sm;

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

17

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw f u kd af iGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;

« usrwd@k urS vle@J ole@J rdom;pke@J obm0ywf0ef;usifawGe@J ae&ao;wmæ tefwpD rk mS awmhæ/ axmifxu J Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;awGrmS awmhæ/ ausmif;om; wyfrawmfu &JabmfawGrmS awmhæ/ qdw k mawG˜awG;vdu k &f ifawmh 'kuo Q nf pcef;qdw k muawmif c&D;ckvyfu tyef;ajzpcef;wckom æ? tJ'rD mS tenf;qH;k awmh ydt k m;&Sw d t hJ yd rf ufawG rufciG &hf adS ew,fav? aea&mifjcnfawGueG @f jrL;wJh t±k%Of ;D rSm toufw0=u;D ±SLypfvu kd zf @kd ygyJæ odyt f rsm;}u;D awmh r[kwyf gbl; &ifbwf}uD;vGwfvGwfvyfvyfyGifhcGifh wckwnf;&,f? (ndKxuf-vrf;opfO;D ) (6) 'gayr,fæ h eufjzefcg&@J reufcif; vif;yGi&hf ufawGa&muf&ifawmhjzifh ud, k yhf ikd f ajrqDukd taotcsmjyefvmqHjk zpf=uzd@k awmh vdw k ,f? igwd@k jyefq&kH rSmu umvopfwckrSmrSæ wpHkw&m a&&mr_avxkrSmrSæ ar+idr;f . ac:oHrS

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

18

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

22

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.ausmif;bufqo D @dk a&mufomG ;ao;.? TwGif t&Siaf crmpm&.ausmif;ukd ,cifae&mwGirf awG@&awmhbJ pmoifausmif;wckua&muf&adS eavonf? acwf+ydKifxw k a f 0jcif; 1993 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&Dv 1 &ufae@pwifxw k af 0aom acwf+yKd ifowif;*sme,f onf 2003 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D 1 &ufae@wGif q,fEpS jf ynfch ahJ vonf? ,if;tajct aewGif usaemfonf befaumufY&Sad e&m azaz:0g&D 21 &ufwiG f =opa=w;vso@dk jyefco hJ nf? TonfEiS yhf ufoufI VOBwGif atmufygtwkid ;f a&;om;cJah vonf? “ukad tmifa&- uk&d aJ usmo f el @J ukw d ifarmif0if;wk@d vnf; uG,v f eG o f mG ;=u+y?D bmvkv d edk @J acwf+yKd ifvnf;q,fEpS jf ynfch +hJ yæ D ” usaemfpum;a=umifh ukad tmifrh suEf mS rSmndK;usomG ;avonf? acwf+yKd i(f 10) ESpo f m;&S+d yq D adk omæ/ acwf+yKd ifupdk wifarG;zGm;cJah omae@u OD;wifarmif0if;iSm; xm;aom befaumuf+rKd @/ wku d cf ef;wcef;xJwiG f acwf+yKd iu f zdk efw;D cJah om OD;wif armif0if;(uG,v f eG )f / ±_a'gi*hf sme,ft,f'w D ma[mif;OD;0if;cuf/ t,f'w D m-pma&; q&mjr0wD&aJ cgi/f rpPwmbmrm;(uk0d if;xGe;f )/ OD;ref;!Ge@f armif (armifpif=u,f)ESihf tjcm;aomtrnfrodoo l ;kH a,mufw@dk twlwuG&adS ecJ=h uonf? acwf+yKd ifq,fEpS t f xl;xkww f iG f t&Siaf crmpm&a&;om;awmfrjl cif;jzpfav onf? ,if;ESiyhf ufoufIyif ukw d ifarmif0if;. ‘Ekid if aH &;orm;ESiEhf idk if aH &;’pmtkyf wGif y'drk ef;&Smvzef;(,ckKNUtwGi;f a&;rSL;)u a&;om;jyef&mY‘jrefrmjynfonf (1962)ckEpS u f wnf;u ppftm%m&Siw f @dk ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm owif;tarSmifcsxm;onfudk csKd;zsufypf&eftwGuf OD;wifarmif0if;onf acgif; aqmiftcsKd@ESin hf E‡d id_ ;f +y;D aemuf acwf+yKd ifowif;pmukd pDpOfxw k af 0&ef}uKd ;yrf;cJh onf? Towif;pmonf b¾ma&;/ vHjk cKH a&;tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;&So d nf=h um;rS rjzpfrae }uKd ;yrf;xkwaf 0cJjh cif;jzpfonf? Tacwf+yKd io f wif;pmxkwaf 0r_wiG f wyf aygi;f pkacgi;f aqmifrsm;u tm;ay;axmufccH +hJ y;D OD;wifarmif0if;/ OD;0if;cuf/ a=u;rHk OD;aomif;/ armifpif=u,f/ jr0wD&aJ cgifw@dk u yg0ifaqmif&u G cf &hJ m jynforl sm;. tm;ay;axmufcrH u _ dk tawmf&&Scd o hJ nf? wqufwnf;wGif (e0w)ppftm%m&Sif

(0Jr, S m)OD;wifarmif0if;/ Adv k cf sKyjf r/ y'dak tmifoef;

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

23

tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg;

wk@d . qef@usi0f g'jzef@r_uv dk nf;&ifqikd cf &hJ onf’ [ka&;om;xm;avonf? acwf +yKd ix f w k f a0&mwGif twGi;f od/ tjriford sm;u a&;om;=ujcif;vnf;jzpfavonf? ,ae@ acwf+yKd iq f ,fEpS jf ynfch sed w f iG f ukw d ifarmif0if;wk@d r&Sad wmhyg? ok@d &mwGif acwf+yKd iu f dk b,fyb kH ,fenf; b,foal wGEiS hf xkwaf 0cJo h nfudk usaemfonf VOB wGif atmufygtwdik ;f a&;om;cJah vonf? ‘Tok@d jzifh ukw d ifarmif0if;onf xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyf rme,fyavmwGi&f adS e aom Akv d cf sKyjf rrSwqifh 0if;cuftwGuw f apmif/ armifpif=u,ftwGuw f apmif a=u;eef;ESpaf pmifay;yk@d cJah vonf? a=u;eef;pmwGiw f u dk sKq d ;kH jzwfcsut f & pme,f Zif;wapmifxw k af 0rnfjzpfygI armifpif=u,fEiS 0hf if;cufrygrjzpf vdt k yfa=umif; ukd Akv d cf sKyfjrrSwqifh cGijhf yKyg&ef a=u;eef;pmwGiyf g&daS vonf? usaemft h wGuf a=u;eef;pm&&Scd sed rf mS naeykid ;f jzpfonf? rme,fyavma&mufp wGif usaemfonf rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f mwGiaf eonf? aemufyidk ;f Y Akv d cf sKyaf rmif armiftrd w f iG af eonf? Adv dk cf sKyaf rmifarmiftrd Ef iS hf 0if;cuf&&dS m(NLD-LA)±H;k onft wefyifvrS ;f aoma=umifh 0if;cufEiS hf reufjzefraS wG@awmhrnf[q k ;kH jzwfvu kd o f nf?

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rme,fyavm&Sd (NLD-LA)±H;k wGif tifwmAsL;vkyaf epOf

aemufwae@eHeuf 10 em&DavmufwiG f 0if;cufxo H @dk usaemfvu dk o f mG ;onf? 0if;cufurdk awG@? ,ae@eHeufrmS yJ befaumufuw dk ufomG ;a=umif; ±H;k tzG@J om; rsm;uajymonf? pme,fZif;wapmifxw k af 0&ef ylavmifaeaomukw d ifarmif0if; onf usaemfbefaumufwufvmonfuydk if rapmifEh idk &f mS ? ‘awmif}u;D u rd[ k m rufxrH vm&if rd[ k mrufuyJ awmif}u;D &S&d muko d mG ;r,fæ’/ xkdpum;ukdESvHk;rl vsuf aemufwae@naewGif ukw d ifarmif0if; rme,fyavmok@d a&mufvmonf? yxrwGif ukw d ifarmif0if;onf rme,fyavmppfa&;jyuGi;f tpyf&dS Akv d cf sKyjf r .&H;k cef;Y Akv d cf sKyjf rESihf oGm;awG@onf? +y;D v#if usaemf&&dS m Akv d cf sKyaf rmifarmiftrd f ok@d a&mufvmonf? usaemfonf &efuek w f iG f oef@&Si;f -zqyvXmecsKyfY 0ef}u;D OD;0if;ESihf w±H;k wnf; vufyeG ;f woD;aecJah omfvnf; ukw d ifarmif0if;/ ukad tmifw@dk ESiu hf m; wcgr# rqHck b hJ ;l ? uk&d aJ usmo f El iS o hf m t}urd }f urd q f zkH ;l .? ok@d jzpfI ,ckuw dk ifarmif0if;ESihf usaemf yxrqH;k awG@zl;jcif;yifjzpf.? ukw d ifarmif0if;onf usaemfEiS hf yxrawG@ qHpk OfrmS yif Akv d cf sKyfarmifarmif ac:ouJo h @dk ‘OD;pif=u,f’[kac:onf?’ qufvufI usaemfonf atmufygtwkid ;f a&;om;jyefavonf? ‘xkpd Ofu 0if;cufonf (NLD-LA)OuUÏjzpfI Edik if aH &;wGif wm0efrsm;jym;ae onf? a&yef;vnf;pm;aeonf? ok@d jzpfI 0if;cufu befaumufEiS rhf me,fyavm pke§f qefaeonf? acwf+yKd ifwu dk w f iG f tcdsefjynfEh iS hf tjrw J rf;xkid af e&rnfo h rl mS wm0eft& usaemfjzpfaeonf? bmwckrS jynfph v kH akH vmufrr_ &Sad om/ acwf+yKd if yHrk eS x f w k af 0Ekid af &;twGuf zufzufarmatmif aiGa=u;&SmazG&aomwm0efrmS ukw d ifarmif0if;.wm0efjzpfonf? tkycf sKyfa&;/ pDrcH ef@cGaJ &;ukd ukw d ifarmif0if; uk, d pf m; ukpd ;dk wifu h wm0ef,o l nf? uGejf yLwmjzifh pmrsuEf mS zG@J jcif;/ pmvH;k ndj‡ cif;/ wefqmqifjcif;ukd rpPwmbm;rm;trnfcH uk0d if;xGe;f uwm0ef,o l nf? uk0d if;

yxrqH;k xkwaf 0cJah om acwf+yKd i*f sme,f

'Dru kd a&pDpmapmifrsm;/ pm±Gupf mwrf;rsm;udk aps;E+e;f csKo d mpGmjzifh vSnafh y;ygrnf? jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;tzJ@G (Burma Democratic Action Group)rS jrefrmjynf'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifhoufqdkifaom pmapmif/ *sme,f/ StatementESifh owif;tcsut f vufpm±Gupf mwrf;rsm;udk atmufygaps;E_e;f jzifh vSnahf y;ygrnf?

pm±Guaf & 100 ESit hf xuf(tjzL-trJ) B5/A4 3 ,ef; B4/A3 5 ,ef;

pm±Guaf & 500 ESit hf xuf(tjzL-trJ) B5/A4 2 ,ef; B4/A3 4 ,ef; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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awmfwvmeuf eS af &;aqmif tif aqmif;yg;;yg;

wcgwek ;f u axmixf rJ Sm ( udkouf ) (1) “usaemfpw d rf aumif;bl;Asm/ 'Daumifav;awG vlaumif;av;awGAs/ tif;pdef axmifxu J taqmif(1)rSm twlwal xmifuszufuav;awGyg/ pum;ajym&if; eJ@awmif olw@kd rsufEmS awGukd usaemfjrifaew,f/ tjypfuif;pif+y;D wdik ;f jynfcspf pdw&f w dS hJ vli,fav;awGygAsmæ” q&mwifr;kd u vGr;f vGr;f qGwq f w G yf J uG,v f eG o f mG ;&SmwJh udo k uf0if;atmift a=umif;udk pwifvu kd yf gw,f? 'Dpum;0dik ;f udk pwifcsed rf mS q&mwif;rd;k / q&marmif pGr;f &nf/ udrk ;kd (yGio hf pf)eJ@ usaemfw@kd av;a,mufy&J ydS gw,f? r=umrDrmS uGejf yLwm q&mav;wOD;jzpfwhJ udu k ak É[efvJ 0dik ;f xJa&mufvmygw,f? +rKd iq f ikd w f hJ pum; 0dik ;f av;wck jzpfvmygw,f? usaemfw@kd pum;0dik ;f rSm ajymcJo h r#ta=umif; t&m awGukd wufow k ±f u kd t f rSv D u kd rf w S jf zpfygw,f? 1991-ckEpS rf mS q&mwifr;kd wa,muf axmifuscJw h ,f? oluswJah xmifu tif;pdeaf xmif/ olaewmuvJtif;pderf mS yJ? Edik if t hH a&;/ wdik ;f jynfa&;awGukd vkyaf e olrsm;tzd@k axmifqw kd mrqef;awmhayr,fh wcgr# axmifrusb;l olrsm;twGuf yxrt}urd f axmifx0J if&wm[m pdwv f y_ &f mS ;p&mtaumif;qk;H yJjzpfygw,f? q&mwifr;kd tzd@k tif;pdeaf xmifxu J 0kd ifwhJ yxrOD;qk;H ae@rSmyJ pdwv f y_ &f mS ;p&m aemufwck =uKH cJ&h jyefw,f? “wd@k q&m}u;D vm+yaD [hæ”vd@k atmfum vli,fav;rsm;u q&mwifr;kd udk ajy; zufvu kd =f uygw,f? taqmif(1)rSm a&mufEiS ahf e olrsm;uvJ vdu _ v f pJS mG }uKd qkd =uygw,f? tJonfwek ;f u taqmif(1)rSm pmayeJ@ pme,fZif;xkwaf 0a&;orm; awGvJ tawmfrsm;rsm;a&mufaew,f? ausmif;om;awGe@J tjcm;axmifusoal wG vJ axmifxrJ mS &Sad e=uygw,f? &efuif;/ ausmufuek ;f u ar'deq D &mawmf t&SiOf m %0HopwJh omoemh0efxrf; bk&m;om;awmf q&mawmf}u;D awGvJ axmifxrJ mS a&mufae=uw,f? axmifusvd@k 0rf;enf;p&maumif;ayr,fh rar#mfvifyh J rdwf a[mif;awGeJ@awG@vdk@ q&mwifrdk;wa,muf aeomxdkifom&SdoGm;w,f? axmifxrJ mS q&mwifr;kd eJ@tjrw J rf;wGaJ v@&Sw d hJ vli,fo;Hk a,muf&w dS ,f? w a,mufu uG,v f eG o f mG ;&SmwJu h o kd uf0if;atmif/ axmifuxGu+f y;D aemuf r=umrD rSm uG,v f eG o f mG ;&SmwJh udo k w k / ,ckxufwikd f axmifxrJ mS &Sad eqJjzpfwhJ apmouf xGef;wdk@jzpfygw,f? tJ'o D ;Hk a,mufxrJ mS udo k uf0if;atmife@J udak pmoufxeG ;f wd@k ESpOf ;D u tuo ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfygw,f? udo k w k (trfrt f ufp)D u wuoausmif;om; wOD; jzpfygw,f? udo k uf0if;atmifw@kd eJ@twl Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;wJh OD;Zif;y&pfe@J ud&k if acgif;jym;wd@k vJ axmifxrJ mS wyl;wGw J yJG gbJ? OD;Zif;y&pfv@kd tvG,af c:&jcif;&J@t a=umif;u rsufv;Hk jyL;aevd@k yg? ud&k ifacgif;jym;uawmh acgif;jym;aevd@k ygwJ?h udkokwwa,mufuawmh tapmqkH;uG,fvGefoGm;&SmwJh tmZmenfw a,mufyg? axmifxrJ mS oef@&Si;f r_r&Sv d @kd 0JawGpaJG eum ol@vufawG a&mifuikd ;f vmygw,f? aeraumif;jzpf&mu axmifxrJ mS tdycf st f ikd Af yD ;kd ygwt hJ yfe@J aq;xd;k cH& +y;D axmifuxGuv f @kd r=umrDrmS attdik 'f t D ufpaf &m*geJ@uG,v f eG o f mG ;&&SmwJh rsKd ;cspv f il ,fwOD;yg? taoapmvd@k ESarsmp&maumif;wJh Edik if o hH m;aumif;rsm;om jzpfygw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ jrefrmvli,fawG axmifxrJ mS b,fEpS af ,mufu, G v f eG f oGm;=u+yv D æ J / pOf;pm;p&m/ pdwyf pl &myJjzpfygw,f?

udak pmoufxeG ;f u ajrmufyikd ;f ausmif;om;tzG@J &J@wm0efe@J &efuek u f q kd if;vm ygw,f? oli,fcsi;f jzpfol udo k uf0if;atmif/ OD;Zif;yk&pfw@kd eJ@qkaH wG@ygw,f? uHr aumif;pGmbJ axmufvrS ;f a&;&J@vufcsuef @J apmoufxeG ;f tzrf;cHvu kd &f ygw,f? yl;wGyJ gtjzpf apmoufxeG ;f eJ@ v#Kd @0Suaf wG@qkaH e=uwJh udo k uf0if;atmife@J OD;Zif;yk &pfw@kd vJ axmifxaJ &mufomG ;=uw,f? 'Dawmh t&ifa&mufEiS ahf e=uwJh 'Duav; awGe@J q&mwifr;kd qkjH zpf=uw,f? axmifxrJ mS wwGw J t JG wlaecJ=h uw,f? udo k uf0if;atmif taqmif(1)rSm&Sad ecsdef r=umao;rDu udrk if;udEk ikd w f @kd eJ@ twl tzrf;cHvu kd &f wJh ol@tudk ud+k yK;H csKd uawmh }uKd ;wdu k x f rJ mS a&mufaeygw,f? wdu k yf w d cf &H / tn‡O;f qJc&H eJ@ trsKd ;rsKd ;aomnpfenf;/ ESyd pf ufenf;rsKd ;pkeH @J ESyd pf ufcaH e &csed yf g? (2) The rain to the wind said, ‘You push and I’ll pelt.’ They so smote the garden bed That the flowers actually knelt, And lay lodged though not dead. I know how the flowers felt.

rif;u wGe;f cs igu zdEydS rf ,fv@kd rd;k u avudk wD;wd;k qdw k ,f/ 'DvdkeJ@ yef;jcHay:udk rkefwdkif;xefcJhw,f? yef;awG 'l;n$wf jym;0yfuek w f ,f/ wu,fawmh olw@kd rao=uavbl;? yef;awG&@J cHpm;csufawGukd igodaew,f? (a&mbwf za&mhpw f )f wcgw&HrmS ouf0if;atmifw@kd vli,fawG q&mwifr;kd eJ@pmayta=umif; aqG; aEG;=uw,f? uAsmq&m}u;D a&mbwfza&mhpw f /f ar&Dtv kd b D m/ 0wˆKwb kd &k ifa*: uDw@kd ta=umif;awG pum;pyfr=d uw,f? ud, k jhf ynfwiG ;f u pma&;q&mrsm;taeeJ@ q&m}u;D a&$Oa'gif;/ vlxOk ;D vS/ vlxak ':trm/ *sme,fausmf/ Aef;armfwifatmif/ jroef;wifph wJh yk*Kd~ vf}u;D awGta=umif;rsm;udv k J r=um c%ajymjzpf=uygw,f?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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awmfveS af &;aqmif;yg;

taqmif(1)rSm bl;pif}u;D awG&ydS gw,f? ae@pOfvv kd kd bl;pifatmufrmS xdik +f y;D pmayta=umif;/ Edik if aH &;ta=umif;rsm;udk ajymjzpf=uw,f? wcgw&HrmS vJ udk ouf0if;atmife@J vli,fawG[m q&mwifr;kd aygifay:rSmacgif;wif+y;D em;axmif aqG;aEG;jzpf=uw,f? wyl;wGw J v JG yk v f eG ;f vd@k “q&mwifr;kd - uav;awGe@J bmawG }udwf=uHaewmvJAsæ”vd@k axmifrLS ;uawmif ol wd@k udk ar;,l&w,f? “axmifxu J ae e&oderf *~Zif;xkwrf vd@k æ”wJ/h axmifrLS ;}u;D udk q&mwifr;kd u cyfaomaomjyefajymvdu k w f ,f? axmifrLS ;}u;D u “q&m&,f- rvkyyf ge@J Asm/ usaemfw@kd awG tvkyjf zKwfcaH e&ygOD;r,fæ”wJ?h raysmfoifh raeoifw h t hJ &yfrmS olw@kd awG pmayeJ@aysmaf tmifzefw;D =uwJh rarhEikd pf &mae@&ufrsm;omjzpfygw,f? udo k uf0if;atmif[m tuo˜uvmwJh vli,fav;wOD;jzpfaomfvJ wdik ;f jynfuckd sp, f w Hk ifru/ pmayudv k J tvGecf spjf rwfE;kd +y;D pmorm;wa,mufvjJ zpfyg w,f? [dw k ek ;f u axmifus&if txifao;=uw,f/ vlq;kd jzpfv@kd axmifuswmud;k As? tckacwfawmh ajymif;jyefjzpfomG ;+y/D ynmwwfawG/ vlawmfawG &[ef;awmf awG/ ausmif;om;av;awG axmifusae=uw,f? ud, k w hf ikd ;f jynfukd ud, k cf spfv@kd axmifcsc&H wJjh ypfrKS wAhJ sm/ aumif;=uao;&J@vm;? 'gayr,fh *k%&f ydS gw,f? wdik ;f jynf udck spfv@kd axmifx0J if&wm[m *k%, f pl &maumif;wJu h pd yP g? (3) “&ufpufvu kd =f uwmq&m&,f/ udx k eG ;f atmifausmfw@kd qk;H oGm;+yAD sæ” owif;pmudik +f y;D apmoufxeG ;f idak ew,f? tem;rSm&Sw d hJ udo k w k eJ@udo k uf0if; atmifw@kd udk q&mwifr;kd =unfv h u kd af wmh olw@kd awGrsufv;Hk awGrmS vJ rsuf&nfp awGe@J ? OD;Zif;yk&pfe@J ud&k ifacgi;f jym;wd@k u reD;ra0;rSm pdwrf aumif;pGmeJ@ *kwu f sKd ;ae =uav&J@?

awmwGi;f qufo, G rf e_ @J apmoufxeG ;f u 7 ESpaf xmifusw,f? axmifuxGuf awmh udo k uf0if;atmif[m pmaye,fx0J ifomG ;w,f? ole@J twlwaJG ewJh pma&; q&mu uAsmq&marmifacsmEG,yf g? tJ'aD emufrmS uko d uf0if;atmif[m omo emhabmifx0J ifI 'kvb † &[ef;jyKomG ;cJw h ,f? omoemhat;&dyu f kd acwWc0kd ifjcif;yg? q&mwif;rdk;vJ axmifouf av;ESpfausmfig;ESpftwGif;rSm axmifuvGwfcJh w,f? Adv k cf sKyfcifneG @f &J@wynfah wGu q&mwifr;kd xHa&mufvmw,f? wdu k cf ef; ay;/ pD ; yG m ;a&;vk y f z d k @ aiG y k H a y;/ w,f v D z k e f ; ay; pwmawG ay;+yD ; jrLqG,pf nf;&k;H vmw,f? 'gawGukd q&mwifr;kd u jiif;ypfvu kd w f ,f? jiif;vdu k t f cg q&mwifr;kd b,fuykd o J mG ;oGm; axmufvrS ;f a&;u waumufaumufygaew,f? axmifoufjynfhawmh udkapmoufxGef;vGwfvmw,f? tvlrDeD,Hvkyfief; av;axmif+yD; axmifxGufvli,frsm;pkum tvkyfvkyf=uw,f? OD;Zif;y&pf/ ud&k ifacgi;f jym;wd@k vJ axmifu vGwcf =hJ uw,f? tjyifrmS q&mwifr;kd eJ@ tm;vk;H vdk vdk jyefq=Hk uygw,f? owif;aysmufaewmu udo k uf0if;atmifwa,mufyg? aemufyikd ;f rSmawmh e,fpyfuausmif;om;awGe@J tquftoG,v f yk +f y;D jynfwiG ;f udk r=umc%jyefa&mufvma=umif; owif;=um;&ygw,f? udo k uf0if;atmif &efuek jf yefa&mufvm+yq D &kd if udak pmoufxeG ;f vJ q&mwif rdk;xHa&mufvmw,f? “q&ma&- usaemfw@kd bk&m;oGm;&atmifæ”vdk@ vmac: avh&ydS gw,f? wcgw&HrmS vJ “q&m- usaemf bk&m;oGm;vdu k yf gOD;r,fæ”vdk@ vSr;f +y;D ta=umif;=um;wwfygw,f? 'gqd&k if udo k uf0if;atmifa&mufae+yjD zpf a=umif;udk q&mwifr;kd oabmayguw f ,f? 'DoauFwav;[m udo k uf0if;atmif/ udak pmoufxeG ;f wd@k &J@oauFwyg? q&mwifr;kd uawmh udo k uf0if;atmifw@kd udk awG@wdik ;f “rif;wd@k aemufxyf axmifrusapeJ@aemfæ”vd@k owday;w,f? 'grSom vGwv f w G v f yfvyfe@J aqmif

[dw k ek ;f u axmifus&if txifao;=uw,f/ vlq;kd jzpfv@kd axmifuswmud;k As? tckacwfawmh ajymif;jyef jzpfomG ;+y?D ynmwwfawG/ vlawmfawG &[ef;awmfawG/ ausmif;om;av;awG axmifusae=uw,f? ud, k w hf ikd ;f jynfukd ud, k cf spv f @kd axmifcsc&H wJjh ypfrKS wAhJ sm/ aumif;=uao;&J@vm;? 'gayr,fh *k%&f ydS gw,f? wdik ;f jynf udck spv f @kd axmifx0J if&wm[m *k%, f pl &maumif;wJu h pd yP g? apmoufxeG ;f vufxu J owif;pmudk q&mwifr;kd ,lzwfvu kd af wmh etzo wif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJxJrSm a&;xm;wmu axmufvSrf;a&;vdk@ pGyfpGJcH&+yD; udkxGef; atmifausmu f kd ausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f owfvu kd =f ua=umif; owif;ygvmw,f? 'gudk ajrmufyikd ;f ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udx k eG ;f atmifausmfe@J teD;uyfaecJw h hJ apmoufxeG ;f u "mwfojd zpfaevd@k ,l=uKH;r&jzpfum idak ejcif;omjzpfygw,f? “q&m&,f- udx k eG ;f atmifausmf[m av;pm;xdu k w f hJ wu,fah usmif;om; acgi;f aqmiftppfyg? axmufvrS ;f a&;r[kww f mtrSeyf g? usaemfw@kd ausmif;om;t zG@J vlav;b,favmufrsm;&Sv d @kd vJq&m&,f/ tukev f ;Hk eD;yg; axmufvrS ;f a&;vd@k tpGypf cJG &H wm[m wpkw H a,mufu oufoufa*smufcswmygq&m? usaemfvJ axmifxrJ 0ifbJ ajrmufyikd ;f rSm&Sad e&if udx k eG ;f atmifausmv f ykd J ajcjzwfvufjzwf eJ@ towfc&H rSmtrSeyf gyJæ” udak pmoufxeG ;f &J@&Si;f jycsurf sm;ud=k um;&awmh tm;vk;H yJ pdwrf aumif;jzpf=u w,f? wa,mufa,mufukd rke;f +yq D &kd if axmufvrS ;f a&;vd@k pGypf v JG u kd w f myJ/ +y;D awmh tzrf;cH&atmif}uKd ;pm;w,f/ owfjypfz@kd }uKd ;pm;=uw,f? etz&J@ tEdik f usifh Adv k u f scH&vGe;f vd@k &nf&, G cf sufawGe@J rcHEikd v f @kd awmcdv k mumrS xyf+y;D awmh tEdik u f sifh Adv k u f scH=u&wm[m wu,fawmh raumif;yg? tif;pdeaf xmifxaJ &muf+y;D r=umrDrmS ouf0if;atmifw@kd tr_upkd pfygw,f? jypfrr_ xif&mS ;[kqu kd m ouf0if;atmifwa,muf axmifuaevGwo f mG ;w,f?

±GuEf ikd rf mS yg? +y;D awmh pmar;yGjJ yefajzzd@k udv k J q&mwifr;kd u olw@kd eJ@awG@wdik ;f wdu k f wGe;f jzpfw,f? ynmwwfav;awGjzpfro S m wdik ;f jynfusKd ;udk 'DxufyI kd vkyEf ikd rf mS r[kwv f m;? tvkyv f yk &f if;/ Edik if aH &;vky&f if;eJ@ udak pmoufxeG ;f 10-wef; atmif oGm;ygw,f? udo k uf0if;atmifu awmh vSKy&f mS ;r_awGoyd rf sm;aeawmh pmzufukd jyefrvSnt hf m;awmhyg? (4) 'kwd,t}udrf xyfrHtzrf;cH&zdk@ t=uyftwnf;=uHK&pOfrSm q&mwifrdk;w a,muf Edik if jH cm;oGm;zd@k jyif&awmhw,f? ol@qENtwkid ;f qk&d if zrf;csizf rf; jynfwiG ;f rSmyJaejzpfrmS yg? rdom;pke@J rdwaf qGoil ,fcsif;rsm;u 0dik ;f +y;D wdu k w f eG ;f =uawmh olvrJ aeom/ Edik if jH cm;od@k xGucf &hJ ygawmhw,f? q&mwifr;kd Edik if jH cm;rxGurf rD mS udo k uf0if;atmif/ udak pmoufxeG ;f / OD;Zif; y&pfpwJh rdwfa[mif;aqGa[mif;rsm;eJ@qkHcJh=uw,f? q&mwifrdk;uawmh xkHpH twdik ;f ayg?h aemufxyfaxmifrusapzd@k eJ@}uKd ;pm;=uzd@k ta=umif;udk tm;ay;w,f? udo k uf0if;atmifw@kd vdk vli,fav;awGtwGuf ta&;}u;D wJt h csuu f v kd J rSm=um; cJyh gao;w,f? “rif;wd@k awGvyk w f m t&rf;twif&h v J eG ;f w,fu/G axmufvrS ;f a&;u rif;wd@k udk }uKd ;&Sn&f n S ef @J v$wx f m;wm jzpfEikd w f ,f/ owdxm;aemf/ rif;wd@k aemufrmS b,fol awG&Sdao;w,fqdkwm qGJcsifvdk@ apmifhaewmjzpfEdkifw,f? ouf0if;atmif/

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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awmfwvmeuf eS af &;aqmif tif aqmif;yg;;yg;

owdeJ@v_yf&Sm;uGmæ”vd@k vl}u;D qefqefq;Hk rcJ+h y;D Edik if jH cm;xGucf yhJ gw,f? Edik if jH cm;a&muf+y;D uwnf;u q&mwifr;dk wa,muf olw@kd eJ@tquftoG,f jywfoGm;w,f? ta0;uvmwJh olwdk@ta=umif; owif;awGudk =um;ae&w,f? aemifawmh udo k uf0if;atmifw@kd wtkypf v k ;Hk jyef+y;D tzrf;cHvu kd &f wJt h a=umif; pdwfraumif;pGmowif;=um;&ygw,f? 'Dvli,fav;awGudk etzucsvdkufwJh axmifouf[m vloufwrf;wr#jzpfaeygw,f? “axmifouftESpf 60/ 70 qdk wm awmfawmfrsm;vGef;+yD; awmfawmfvJ rw&m;vGef;ygw,fAsmæ”wJh? q&mwifr;kd vJ nnf;ae&&Smw,f? tckawmh udo k uf0if;atmif rEWav;axmifrmS usqk;H oGm;&Sm+y?D udak pmoufxeG ;f eJ@ OD;Zif;yk&pfw@kd u axmifxrJ mS yJ &Sad o;w,f? q&mwifr;kd eJ@ twla&csKd ;avh&w dS hJ uko d w k wa,mufcr#mawmh HIVyd;k &Sad ewJh aq;xdk;tyfeJ@ axmifxJrSmaq;xdk;cH&vdk@ axmifutxGufrSm qkH;oGm;&Sm&+yD? txufem;rSmvJ usaemfajymcJyh gao;w,f? wu,fawmh 'Dvil ,fav;awG[m ud, k u f sdK;pGe@f v$w+f y;D wdik ;f jynftwGuf toufay;vkyaf qmifaewJh tmZmenf awGyg? av;pm;xdu k w f hJ tem*wfwikd ;f jynftwGuf wefz;kd &Sw d hJ vli,fav;awGyg? q&mwifr;kd / q&marmifprG ;f &nf/ udrk ;kd / udu k ak É[efe@J usaemfw@kd pum;0dik ;f av; [m 0rf;enf;pGmeJ@ tqk;H owfomG ;&w,f? toHww d o f mG ;=uw,f? wdwq f w d rf e_ @J tmZmenfawGukd *k%jf yKvu kd o f vdyk ?J q&mwifr;kd udv k rS ;f =unfah wmh olu+ird af e w,f? wcgwek ;f u axmifxu J bl;pifatmufrmS udo k uf0if;atmif/ udak pmouf xGe;f eJ@udo k w k wd@k &J@ykc;Hk awGuckd pkd ;D &if; pum;ajymcJ=h uwJh yk&H yd af wGukd jyefjrifa,mif aevm; rodEikd yf g? cHpm;cJb h ;l =uKH zl;wJh um,uH&iS rf sm;om odygvdrrhf ,f? (5) wcgu rk&H mG OD;wifa&$q;Hk awmh q&mwifr;dk u uAsmav;wyk'af &;cJw h ,f? em rnfu armfueG ;f xd;k &rJh tmZmenfrsm;wJ?h uAsmxJrmS armfueG ;f xd;k &rJh tmZmenf pm&if;ygaew,f? 'gu oloo d r# t&if;ES;D qk;H yk*Kd~ vfawG etzvufcsufa=umifh qk;H oGm;&wmudk uAsmeJ@*k%jf yKxm;wmyg? tck udo k uf0if;atmifta=umif;ajym aepOfrmS q&mwifr;kd &J@uAsmudk jyeftrSw&f rdw,f? q&mwifr;kd eJ@ om;i,f ozG,f &if;ES;D wJh tmZmenfuo kd uf0if;atmiftm; 'DuAsmeJ@ *k%jf yKvdu k &f yga=umif;?

armfue G ;f xd;k &rJh tmZmenfrsm; tmZmenf wa,mufawmh armfueG ;f xd;k zd@k wd;k jyef+y?D a=uuG&J ifempGm od@k aomf *k%, f pl mG &Jabmf&@J trnfukd ordik ;f pmrsufEmS ay:rSm ur`n;f wifvu kd &f +y?D 'DvdkeJ@&efo&l @J &ufpufwt hJ usOf;axmif[m tmZmenfrsm;pGmudk wa,muf+y;D wa,muf arG;xkwfaeawmhw,f? armifaomfuac: Adv k b f aomf &Jabmf pde0f if; &Jabmf wifarmif0if; &Jabmf ndK0if; &Jabmf pd;k 0if; &Jabmf cifarmifjrifh

&Jabmf vSoef; ponfjzifh ponfjzifh ,ckwzef &Jabmfwifa&$ &Jabmf ouf0if;atmif 'if;wd@k ESyd pf ufv@kd ao&jyefacs+y?D &Jabmfarmifudkwdk@vdk wrif towfcH&wJh &JabmfawGvnf; teEW? ,kwrf m &ufpuf bDvl;vufeJ@ cl;a¹c&ufc=hJ uw,f? 'Dru kd a&pDwu kd yf rJG mS &J&aJ wmuf wdu k yf 0JG if&if; aoG;,Zfyv†irf mS toufe@J ylaZmf ta&;awmfyHk atmifapa=umif; aoG;awG oGef;avmif;cJh=uw,f? jynfoal wG vGwv f yfciG &hf zd@k b0awG paw;cH+y;D cGyaf 'gif;rmef tvHrvSpJ wrf; wdu k yf 0JG ifc=hJ uw,f? igh&aJ bmfawGukd ESarsmwo wrf;wpdwt f jynfh rsuf&nfjynfrh sufv;Hk eJ@ tav;tjrwfq;Hk OD;n$wv f u kd yf gw,f? 'Dru dk a&pDwu kd yf JG atmifrS a':atmifqef;pk=unf acgif;aqmif+y;D oHCmtyg; waxmifpDwef; qGr;f oGyf a&pufcs tr#twef; a0awmhr,f? atmif+yq D w kd hJ om"koeH @J Edik if +H ird ;f csrf; om,mapownf;? (wifrdk;) tmZmenf udo k uf0if;atmif aumif;&mok*wda&mufygap? axmifwiG ;f rSm rw&m;ojzifh tzrf;cHxm;&&SmwJh tmZmenf/ vl&Sif&[ef;tm;vkH; ab;'kuQt aygi;f u tjrefvw G u f if;ygap? jrefrmjynfov l x l k ppftm%m&Siaf tmufu tjref vGwaf jrmufI urBmtqifrh ED ikd af wmftjzpf wnfaqmufEikd yf gapvd@k qENjyK&if;?

toufe@J axmif'g%f rr#watmif cHpm;aecJ&h wmawmif 'l;raxmuf-vufrajrm‡ ufbJ aemufq;kH xGuo f uftxd trSew f &m;twGu/f 'Dru dk a&pDawmfveS af &;twGuf odumQ &S&d &dS ifqikd w f u kd yf 0GJ ifomG ;aom ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif ‘ouf0if;atmif’tm; tpOftjrJ tav;jyKvsufrd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd t f zJ@G om;rsm;

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;rsm;

a[mvD;0k'frif;orD;tJef*svDem*sKdvD e,l;a'vD&Sd jrefrm'kuQonfrsm;ESifhawG‹qHk a[mvD;0k'=f u,fyiG hf tJe*f svDem*sKd vDonf a0gvfpx&d*sme,fowif; axmuf 'efeD,,fyg;vf. b0Zmwf vrf;jzpfonfh ‘}u;D jrwfaomESv;kH om; wck’±ky&f iS ±f u kd u f iG ;f twGuf tdE, Nd od@k a&muf&adS epOf owif;o&Jrsm;udrk suf ajcjzwfum e,l;a'vD&dS jrefrmESihf tm z*efqpfcfvlrsKd;'kuQonfpcef;rsm;odk@ Edk0ifbm 4 &ufae@uoGm;a&mufI awG@qHck o hJ nf? *sKdvDonf jrefrm'kuQonfpcef;rS uav;oHk;a,mufrdcif jrefrmtrsKd; orD;wOD;. tcef;usOf;uav;xJodk@ {nfhonftjzpf0ifa&mufI rdrdodvdk onhf ta=umif;rsm;udk ar;jref;cJo h nf? tqdyk g'u k o Q nfcpef;wGif jrefrmvl rsKd; 1750 &S+d y;D / *sKdvaD wG@qHck o hJ nf jref rmtrsKd;orD;u ‚.cifyeG ;f onf jref rmetz. zrf;qD;jcif;cH&+y;D aemuf u av;rsm;ESit hf wl xGuaf jy;vmcJjh cif;jzpf a=umif; ajymjyonf? “paewae@vHk; usreJ@twl tcsdef ay;+y;D olw@kd b0Zmwfvrf;awG ajymjycJh wJhtwGuf 'D'kuQonfrdom;pkawGudk aus;Zl;wifw,f? olwdk@[m xl;jcm;

ajymifajrmuf&J&ifhwJholawGygæ”[k *sKv d . D rSwcf suu f kd UNHCRuxkwjf yef aom a=unmcsufwiG af zmfjycJo h nf? wD&yS t f jzLESihf *si;f abmifbjD ym0wf qifxm;aom ukvor*~cspf=unfa&; oHtrwf*sKv d ED iS hf uarBm'D,m;Edik if zH mG ; arG;pm;om;i,f rufa'gufpfwdk@onf tmz*efZmwd qpfcfbmom0ifwdk@. 'kuQonfpcef;wGif qpfcfuav;i,f rsm; "rR a w;rsm;oD q d k o nf u d k em; axmiftm;ay;=uonf? *sKdvo D nf ukvor*~r[mrif;}u;D ±H;k u wdu k ±f u kd u f yG u f aJ om qpfc'f u k Q onf 9500 xJrS ausmif;om;av; rsm;ESiv hf nf; pum;vufqu kH scJ+h y;D ‚ wd@k . t*Fvyd pf mESihf uGeyf sLwmoif,l vdpk w d x f ufoefyu kH kd csD;rGr;f cJo h nf? 'kuQonfpcef;rsm;okd@ ESpf&uf=um oGm;a&mufavhvmcJhaom *sKdvDonf jyifya&;&m0ef}uD; tefeef&SmrmESifh vnf; awG@qHrk nfjzpf+y;D ukvor*~wm 0ef&Sdyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifhtwl 0ef}uD;&Sm;rm tm; 'kuo Q nfEiS hf uav;oli,fa&;&m udprP sm;udk OD;wnfaqG;aEG;zG,&f o dS nf? ([pfwikd rf )S

e,l;a'vD&dS jrefrm'kuo Q nfro d m;pkukd awG@qHak r;jref;aeaom *sKv d D etztESyd cf ef;rS « taexdjzpfaea=umif;/ ausmif;ol§om; awGvnf; pmusufcsderf mS qlnaH ewm a=umifh taESmuft,Sufjzpfa=umif; vnf;od&onf? òr@cHvx l u k oufqikd &f mwm0ef&o dS l rsm;ESihf tm%mydik rf sm;udk wdik =f um;cJah y rJv h nf; ta&;r,lonht f jyif wdik =f um; olrsm;udk rwdik =f um;zd@k +crd ;f ajcmufajym qdjk cif;cH&a=umif;od&onf? “usaemfw@dk awmf0ifEiS ;f qDvrf;xJ rSm jynfw h efqmtcef; av;cef;&Sw d ,f? tJ'aD v;cef;xJrmS OD;jyKH ;csKed @J OD;acrmwd@k

&J@jynfw h efqm±Hu k kd tvmrsm;=uw,f? olw@kd u aejynfawmfu etzt&m&Sd awGeJ@vnf;ydkif=uw,fæ”[k òr@cHvl i,fwOD;uajymonf? ysOf;rem;rS &J/ ppfwyf/ =u@H zGwrf sm; vnf; tqdyk gjynfw h efqmtdrrf sm;wGif r=umc%0ifxu G I f aiGa=u;awmif;cH ,lae=uonfuv kd nf; &yfuu G v f x l rk S awG@jrifae&a=umif;/ ,ckvq kd n l o H rH sm; udk rcHr&yfEikd o f jzifh a'ocH&yfuu G v f l xkEiS hf etzt&m&Srd sm; rajyvnfrr_ sm; a=umif h jy\emjzpf v mEd k i f p &m&S d a=umif;od&onf?([pfwikd rf )S

jrefrmvlrsK;d ESpOf ;D udk vlypGJ m;ta,mifaqmiforl sm;u±duk of wf Ðcsi;f 'kuoQ nfrsm;udk tar&dum;wGif tajccsciG ahf y;awmhrnf

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atmufwb kd m 16 &ufae@u yJc;l wdik ;f / a±$usiòf r@e,f/ usKaH csmif;aus;±Gm wGiaf exdik af om touf 27 ESpt f ±G,f udw k ifvwfEiS hf udck sK0d if;wd@k udk jrefrmt rsKd;orD;wOD;ESifh xdkif;trsKd;om;ESpfOD; wd@k u befaumufo@kd yd@k ay;rnf[ak jym +y;D xdik ;f bwfaiG 3800 pD,I l awm vrf;twdik ;f ac:aqmifum awmxJwiG f oH'w k jf zif±h u kd Ef u S o f jzifh armifwifvwf yJGcsif;+yD;aoqHk;cJh+yD;/ 'g%f&mtjyif;t xefjzifh owdvpfomG ;aom udck sK0d if;udk ao+yt D rSwEf iS hf ypfxm;cJo h nf? arhajrmaeaom udck sK0d if;udk a'ocH xdkif;vlrsKd;rsm;u awG@&Sdojzifh &Jtm; ta=umif;=um;um rJaqmufaq;±H}k u;D ok@d tcsderf ySD @kd aqmifay;cJo h nf? yg;pyfEiS hf ar;±d;k rsm;w0du k f 'g%f&m jyif;xefojzifh pum;rajymEdik jf zpfae+y;D ,cktcg rJaqmuf&dS todrw d af qGrsm; xHwiG f aexdik v f suf&o dS nf?(rd;k }uKd ;rS)

tar&duefEikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D ±du k pf f

rav;&Sm;/ xdkif;ESifh tdEdN,EdkifiHwdk@ wGif a&muf&Sdaeonhf csif;vlrsKd;'kuQ onfrsm;tm; tar&duefvl0ifr_}uD; =uyfa&;ESihf jynfwiG ;f vHjk cKH a&;Oya'tyg t0if tcsut f csK› u d o kd ufnm‡ I tar&d uefEikd if w H iG f tajccscGijhf yKrnf[k Edik if H jcm;a&;0ef}uD; uGef'dkvDZm±dkufpfu atmufwb kd mvv,fu ajymcJo h nf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

,ckvkd csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;udk tar&duef wGif tajccscGifhay;onfhudpPESifhywf oufI rav;&Sm;Edik if t H ajcpdu k f csi;f vl@ tcGit hf a&;tzJ@G . 'g±u kd w f mwOD;jzpfol csi;f trsK;d om; Apfwmcifqef;u “jynf olawG'u k aQ &mufwt hJ csderf mS Edik if jH cm; wdik ;f jynfawGu csif;'kuo Q nfawGac: ,lwm aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'g[m a&&Snfajz&Sif;&r,fh enf;vrf;awmh r[kwb f ;l æ”[k ajymonf? rav;&Sm;wGif csif;vlrsKd; 16˜000 ausmf&+dS y;D / tdE, Nd wGif 2˜000 ausmf&dS onf? 2001 ckEpS rf pS I ,cktcsed t f xd rav;&Sm;rS csif;vlrsKd; 2000 cef@rSm t ar&duef/ =opa=w;vs/ aemfa0/ 'de;f rwf wd@k wGif ajymif;a±G@aexdik v f suf&o dS nf? rav;&Sm;wGif csif;vlrsKd;rsm; 'kuQ onfav#mufxm;ol 1˜000 ausmcf ef@ &S+d y;D *syefEikd if w H iG v f nf; 100 0ef;usif cef@&So d nf?(tifwmeufowif;rsm;rS)

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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oa&mfpm

tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

q³³³q&m}uD; tdk;pnfwD; armifyn k (-opa-w;vs) (1) “a±$ a±$t;kd pnfw;D ygvd@k / armifv h ufo;D udk vufo;D udæ k ” “tif;ayghav/ trsm;&J@qHk;jzwfcsuft& ‘'g}uD;’udkapmifha&Smuf&r,f? ‘'g}u;D ’qDu&or# ynm,l&r,fqakd wmhvJ onf;cH&awmhrmS ayghavæ” “bdk;0-bdk;0æ” “Edk;vm+yDvm;q&m}uD;æ” “at;-Ed;k vm+y?D 'geJ@ 'Dae@[m ig‘wdu k sKd’a&mufwm b,favmuf&+dS yv D æ J ” “wukaË&Syd g+yq D &m}u;D æ” “'ge@J igwifjywJt h pDtpOfawGtay:rSm b,fvrkd sm;oabmxm;=uovJæ” “wa,muf u ajymw,f q &m}uD ; ? q&m}uD ; &J @ tpD t pOf a wG [ m jzpfEikd yf ghrvm;qd+k y;D pOf;pm;&OD;r,fwæ hJ ” “w,fvJ 'DaumifawGem;a0;=uwmudk;æ” “aemufwa,mufuajymw,f? q&m}u;D [m *syefa&mufwikd ;f wrsK;d +y;D wrsK;d r±d;k &atmif vdrw f mawGcsnf;bJjzpfaevd@k ,Hpk &mraumif;bl;wJæ h ” “b,folajymovJæ´/ [dk-acG;rom; ‘tom;rJ’aumifajymwmvm;æ´/ 'Dru kd a&pD&&if 'Daumifukd ‘=uyfwif’&r,f/ rSwx f m;æ” “'Drdkua&pDeJ@‘=uyfwif’wm awmfyghrvm;q&m}uD;æ” “a[haumifb;kd 0/ tD&wfrmS orwbk&w fS @kd / a'ge,f&rf;wd@k b,fvv kd yk o f vJ´/ awG@w,frw _ v f m;æ? 'geJ@ ighqu D 'Dae@ rif;b,favmufynm&ovJæ” “&ygw,fq&m}u;D / 'Dru kd a&pD&&if =unhv f @kd r&wJah umifawGukd ‘=uyfwif’& r,fqw kd hJ enf;ygq&m}u;D æ” (2) “pdef pdeftdk;pnfwD;ygvdk@/ armifhvufoD;udk vufoD;udkæ” “tif;ayghav- ,lxm;wJw h m0eftwdik ;f aus&r,fayghæ” “bdk;0a&-bdk;0æ” “a[m- q&m}u;D Ed;k vm+y/D qdyk gq&m}u;D æ” “jrefrmEdik if u H kd igxu G rf ahJ wmfveS af &;c&D;twGuf aiGb,favmuf&+yv D u J æ G ” “ckxad wmh wjym;rSr&ao;ygbl;q&m}u;D / ay;r,fay;r,fv@kd awmh ajym=u wmyJcifAsmæ” “bmvJ/ 'DaumifawGu tpnf;ta0;rSmawmh ol@xufig xnf=h ur,fajym w,f? 'Dtvkyrf sKd; b,fov l yk Ef ikd o f vJajym? 'D etzppfAv kd af wGukd b,fou l ighvrkd sKd; wESpt f wGi;f jyKwfap&r,fv@kd ajym&J=uvd@k vJuæ G ” “wd;k wd;k ajymygq&m}u;D &,f? e,fpyfrmS wke;f uvnf; 'grsKd;ajym+y;D ‘+z;D ’cJv h @kd tm;vHk;u ‘aygwm}u;D ’vd@k emrnfay;cJ=h u+y;D +y?D tck wdu k sKda&mufwikd ;f vnf; 'D ta=umif;bJ xyfcgxyfcgajymaevd@k ‘tm;vl;}u;D ’/ awmfveS af &;udAk ef;jy+y;D vkyfpm;aewJh ‘}u;D a=umif=umayg}u;D ’vd@k ajymae=uw,fq&m}u;D æ” “bmvJuG ‘}uD;a=umif=umayg}uD;’qdkwmæ” “'D v d k y gq&m}uD ; / q&m}uD ; [m touf ‘ }uD ; ’vmawmh ‘a=umif ’ awmifawmife@J tm±Hx k rJ mS &Sw d mawGajymaeawmh ‘=um’vmwJt h cgrmS tm;vH;k u ‘aygwm}u;D ’vd@k oabmxm;=uw,fqw kd o hJ abmygq&m}u;D æ” “'DaumifawG igvv kd }l u;D udk vl}u;D rSe;f rodwahJ umifawGb?J a[haumifb;kd 0 rif;ua&m ighub kd ,fvo kd abmxm;ovJ? ajymprf;æ” “tzrf;tqD;uvJrsm;/ tvkyt f udik u f vJ odyt f qifajy=uwmr[kwaf wmh apmifah pmifq h ikd ;f qdik ;f vky&f r,fq&m}u;D ? 'geJ@ q&m}u;D udk usaemfar;&OD;r,f? aumufcx H m;wJah iGawG&vm&if jrefrmjynfxJ wu,fjyef0ifrmS vm;q&m}u;D æ” “bmajymw,fb;kd 0/ 'g[m igh&@J aiG&mS jcif;enf;vrf;wrsKd;uG/ rSwx f m;æ”

“a=omf-[kwu f yhJ gq&m}u;D / 'Dae@&vdu k w f yhJ nmuawmh aiGr&S&d if aiG&mS enf; ynmygyJcifAsm;æ” (3) “a±$ a±$t;kd pnfw;D ygv@kd / pdef pdet f ;kd pnfw;D ygv@kd / armifv h ufo;D udk vufo;D ud”k “q&m}uD;Edk;vm+yD/ tawmfyJæ” “[Jh-bdk;0/ txkyftydk;awGeJ@ bmvkyfzdk@vJæ” “owif;awGu pH+k yq D akd wmh/ usaemftrd af jymif;awmhr,fq&m}u;D æ” “rif; igeJ@ae&wm pdwfrcsrf;omvdk@vm;/ ynmr&vdk@vm;bdk;0æ” “pdwfvJcsrf;omygw,f/ ynmvJ&ygw,fq&m}uD;? aemufxyf ynmay; owif;awGu a&mufvmvdk@ygq&m}uD;æ” “uJ-uJ bmowif;awGv/J ighuakd jymprf;bd;k 0æ” “yxrowif;wcku jynfwiG ;f rSm q&m}u;D a±$*ek w f ikd rf mS xrif;qdik zf iG chf w hJ ek ;f u aiGwode;f eD;yg;avmufumG awmh pm&if;ppfu ppfaq;zd@k vkyw f ,f? 'gukd q&m }u;D u tppfrcHb;l qd+k y;D a&Smifaew,fæ” “'gyJvm;bdk;0æ“ “'kw, d owif;wcku q&m}u;D rme,fyavmrSm&Sw d ek ;f u Zwfq&m‘pde0f if; òrif’eJ@ apmif;q&m‘apmwaum0g;’wd@k *smreDukd ,Ofaus;r_upd eP @J oGm;=uw,f? q&m}u;D u ‘ywfpmzd;k &Smay;c’qd+k y;D *smreDuay;vdu k w f ahJ iGawGa&m/ ywfpzd;k a&m tm;vkHk;udk‘bkef;’vdkufw,fqdkwJhowif;ygæ” “'gyJvm;bkd;0æ” “wwd,uawmh q&m}u;D eJ@ywfoufwhJ vd@_ 0Sucf sufowif;wcku ‘a':pk &,f/ OD;0if;wif&,f/ OD;axG;jrif(h bDbpD )D ’wd@k oH;k OD;omod=uwJh ta=umif;ygq&m }u;D ? 'gawGuakd wmh tckrajymao;bl;? 'Dru kd a&pD&rS pmapmifawG/ *sme,fawGrmS xnfah zmfjy=uygvdrrhf ,fq&m}u;D ? usaemhu f ckd iG jhf yKaemf- =um=umae&if usaemf vnf; q&m}u;D vdrk sKd; ‘}u;D a=umif=umayg’qd+k y;D tajymcH&rSmqd;k vd@k ygæ” “a[h-a[h bd;k 0/ bd;k 0? aeOD;av-aeygO;D ? ig&iS ;f jyygr,fu h mG ? w,fcufwt hJ aumifb?J 'g[m ig&h @J Edik if aH &;uG/ Edik if aH &;? ig 'Dvu kd rBmvSn+hf y;D aiGawmif;pm;aewJh enf;awGudk rif;udkoifay;aewmav? r,lawmhbl;vm;uGæ”

trSm;jyifqifcsuf rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f twJG 3/ trSwf 10 wGiyf g&Scd ahJ om ‘'kuo Q nfav#mufxm;ol jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;wOD;uG,v f eG ’f qdo k nhf owif;xJwGif aoqHk;oGm;ol udkapmrlemav;tm; aomif;wpf&may;I tmrcHjzifx h w k &f onfae&mwGif ‘aomif;ig;q,f’ay;I tmrcHjzifx h w k &f onf[k jyifqifzwf±y_ g&ef?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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aoG;opf pmoifausmif;twGuf axmufyrhH p+ m&if;

xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf&Sd aoG;opfpmoifausmif;twGuf ysKd;yifpdkufysKd;vdkolrsm;odk‹ xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfa'o/ aemufbmG ;±GmwGi&f o dS nfh ‘aoG;opf’pmoif ausmif;av;onf rnfonft h ultnDaxmufyrhH u _ rkd rS &&db S J a0;vHaom a'owGif wnf&aSd e+y;D ,cktcg jrefrmEdik if rH x S u G af jy;vmolrsm; ydrk rkd sm;jym; vmojzifh uav;i,frsm;rSm ydI k ydI k wd;k vmaoma=umifh tcuftcJrsm;/ 'kurQ sm;ajz&Si;f &eftwGuf oift h ultnDuv kd nf; vdt k yfaeygonf?

tar;tajzu¾

[,fvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f? t&ifvu &Siw f @kd *sme,fxrJ mS tzrf;cH+y;D jyefvw $ f vmwJh u&ifwidk ;f &if;om;wOD; pdwu f sa&m*geJ@ qH;k oGm;wJo h wif;zwf&w,f? tvm;wlyJ *syefrmS xkwaf 0aewJh *sme,fwckrmS vJ tckvq kd ;kH oGm;wJh u&ifwikd ;f &if;om;wOD;ta=umif;udak &;xm;wmu t&uftvGet f u|Haomuf+y;D qH;k oGm; w,fv@kd a&;xm;wmawG@&w,f? b,f[mtrSev f [ J ifæ b,f[mtrSev f @kd ar;&if ESpcf pk vH;k rSew f ,fv@kd ajym&ygvrd rhf ,f? uGmjcm;wmu awmh *sme,fvyk w f v hJ al wG&@J tjrife@J / cHpm;csufbu J mG w,fv@kd ajzyg&apæ [Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f/ tckwavm *syefv0urSm 'kuo Q nfav#mufwv hJ al wG udk ESpfvtwGif;jyefrv$wfawmhbJ qufzrf;xm;w,fvdk@=um;ae&w,f? [kwo f vm;[ifæ [kwyf gw,fAsmæ? r,H&k if 'Dvxkwrf ;kd aomuf=u,fukd zwf=unhyf gæ

oifah iG 2000 ,ef;onf cav;i,fwOD;. wvpmausmif;pm;&dwjf zpfygojzifh ynm'ge ukov kd ðf yvdyk guudak usmfvi_d af t;šrcifE, G 0f if;- 080 3382 7724/ udak usmfausmfEikd -f 090 4924 2906/ udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed -f 090 4128 4725/ r0if;0if;at;- 090 4028 3476/

atmufwb kd mvtwGuy f sKd;yi yifp f u kd y f sKd;=uolrsm; ,ef; 1˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udkomEdk;xGef; ,ef; 2˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- rvJhvJh0if;/ Adkvfaomif;(c)odef;atmif/ rykvJ aZ,smvif;/ apwem&SiZf eD;armifE/HS raqG/ aZ,smvif;šyyvif;/ raqG/ ,ef; 25˜00 vSLwef;olrsm;-

udak Zmf}u;D

,ef; 3˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- ausmaf usmEf ikd /f pd;k 0if;&Sed /f r0if;0if;at;/ armifoef@/ ausmfvi_d af t;/ rcifE, G 0f if;/ atmifp;kd rd;k / armifat;pd;k / udpk ed ;f ode;f šrpef;pef;xGe;f atmufwb kd mvaumufc&H &Sad iG 44˜000(av;aomif;av;axmifig;&m,ef;) pufwifbmvufusefaiG 239˜500(ESpq f ,fo h ;kH aomif;ud;k axmifig;&m,ef;) pkpak ygif; 284˜000(ESpq f ,f&h pS af omif;av;axmif,ef;wdw)d aoG;opfausmif;od@k atmufwb kd mvtwGuf yHrk eS af y;yd@k vSLwef;aiG 30˜000(oH;k aomif;,ef;wdw)d (06-11-2006 wGiaf y;yd@k cJyh gonf) atmufwb kd mvufusefaiG 254˜00(ESpq f ,fih g;aomif;av;axmif,ef;wdw)d

rd;k aomuf=u,f&iS æ f ? usrav qENjyyJaG wGukd ae@wdik ;f oGm;+y;D qENygjyw,f? usrqENjywJyh w GJ ikd ;f rSmvnf; "gwfy±kH u kd +f y;D v0uudw k ifygw,f? tJ'gawmif usr &J@'kuo Q nfav#mufvm$ udk y,fw,fv@kd v0ut&m&Su d ajymygw,f? aemuf+y;D ‘rif;&J@Edik if aH &;vkyaf qmifcsufawGu rxif&mS ;bl;’qdw k t hJ csufvnf;ygw,f? 'D avmuf usrae@wdik ;f qENjyyJaG wGomG ;wmawmif usr&J@Edik if aH &;vkyaf qmifcsuf rxif&mS ;bl;qdak wmh usrbmqufvyk &f rSe;f rodatmifjzpfaeygw,f? t=u^H m%f aumif;rsm;&S&d if ay;prf;ygOD;&Siæ f qENjyrS Edik if aH &;vkyw f ,fv@kd b,fou l ajymvd@k vJAsm? usaemfw@kd acgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; ‘qENjyrSEikd if aH &;vkyw f mr[kwb f ;l ? ud, k Ehf ikd if H twGuf vkyo f ifv h yk x f u kd w f u hJ pd aP wGuv kd yk w f m Edik if aH &;’vdk@ajymxm;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh qENjywJt h vkyv f nf;vkyaf qmifovdk wzufwvrf;uae+y;D ud, k Ehf ikd if eH @J ud, k v hf rl sK;d ta&;udpaP wGukd vkyaf qmifygv@kd t=uaH y;csiyf gw,f? aemufwcsuf u qENjywJv h w l ikd ;f udk *syefv0u˜u 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yK&&if *syefrmS 'kuo Q nfav#mufwv hJ al wGtm;vH;k qENjywJt h vkyb f v J yk =f uawmhrmS ayghAsmæ

k (=opa=w;vs)a&;wJh ‘taumif [Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f/ t&ifvu armifyn }u;D }u;D -t+r;‡D &Sn&f n S ’f qdw k m [kv d }l u;D udak &;wmr[kwv f m;? usaemfw@kd od w,faemf? tJ'v D }l u;D u ol@udak &;ygw,fq+kd y;D cifAsm;wd@k udk a'gyGaew,fAsKd@æ b,fv}l u;D vJAsmæ/ usaemfw@kd awmif owdrxm;rdvu kd b f ;l æ? a'gy&G ifawmh arm[rsm;+y;D aomuw&m;awGom&vdrrhf ,fAsKd@æ [Jvkd rd;k aomuf=u,f? cifAsm;wd@k &J@rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fukd wapmif 100 eJ@ 0,fvu kd &f w,f? b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ? pD;yGm;a&;aomif;usef;wmvm;Asæ pD;yGm;a&;aomif;use;f csi&f if usaemfw@kd *sme,frxkwb f ;l AsK@d æ? tvkyb f v J yk f awmhr,f? a&mif;&wJt h a=umif;u tvum;ay;&if tvum;vd@k oabmxm;+y;D wa,mufxeJ @J av;-ig;tkyaf vmuf,=l uvd@k AsK@d æ? aemufwcsuu f ud, k yhf u kd q f H eJ@ 0,f&wJt h cgrSm wefz;kd xm;+y;D pmzwfapcsifwq hJ ENvnf; yg˜ygw,fAsmæ

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I wm0ef,jl zef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

30

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tifwmeufaqmif;yg;

*syefEikd fiHwGi tf ajccsaexdik of rl sm;twGuf 27 }udraf jrmuf ,Ofaus;r_yaGJ wmfusif;y/ jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;0ifa&mufqifEJG vGecf o hJ nfh 1979 ckEpS rf pS I *syefEikd if w H iG f tif'ckd sKid ;f em;(AD,uferf/ vmtd/k uarBm'D;,m;)'kuo Q nfrsm;udk aexdik cf iG t hf ultnDay;um b0wnf+ird af ompm;0wfaea&; &&Sad p&eftwGuf tm&Szu k &k ZdS ikd ;f wef;Xme(tm&SEikd if o H m;rsm;vlrz_ v l akH &;ESihf ynma&;azmifa';&Si;f )udw k nfaxmifum vkyaf qmifay;cJah om tqdyk gtzJ@G rS ‘27 }urd af jrmuf *syefEikd if 'H u k o Q nf u,fq,fapmifah &Smufa&;,Ofaus;r_yaGJ wmf’udk wdu k sKdòr@/ &Sief m*g0c±dik /f tdt k rd wfcsdbw l mteD;&Sd MARUI DEPARTMENT KYURIEN 8 F wGif atmufwb kd mv 22 &uf(we*FaEG)ae@ ae@vnf 1;00 em&DrS nae 4;30 txd usif;yjyKvkycf yhJ gonf? yJaG wmfo@kd *syeftpd;k &ydik ;f rS wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vrf sm;/ tif*st D t kd zJ@G tpnf;rsm;/ Edik if H jcm;a&;0ef}u;D XmerS wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfrsm;/ v³0³u rS wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfrsm;ponfjzifh pHn k pD mG wufa&muf=u+y;D trSmpum;toD;oD;ajym=um;jcif;/ *syef0ef}u;D csKyaf y;yd@k aom o0%fvm$ / w&m;a&;0ef}u;D rSay;yd@k aomo0%fvm$ rsm;udk toD;oD;zwf =um;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyu f m 'kuo Q nfrsm;udk ulnaD xmufyahH y;aeaomtzJ@G tpnf; rsm;/ yk*Kd~ vrf sm;ESihf 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yKc&H +y;D apwemh0efxrf;vkyaf qmif aeolrsm;udk *k%jf yKvufrw S t f oD;oD;ay;tyfco hJ nht f jyif *syefEikd if w H iG f aexdik f cGi&hf uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuo Q nfrsm;rS E_wcf eG ;f qufpum;ajym=um;cJyh gonf? tqdyk gtcrf;tem;wGif jrefrmtursm;tjyif jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. 0wf pm;qif,Ofru _ kd xnfo h iG ;f wifqufomG ;cJ+h y;D rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd rf S wm 0efcw H OD;jzpfol ’rwifwif0if;’rS *syefEikd if w H iG f wnfaxmifziG v hf pS x f m;&Sad om ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f pm=unfw h u kd t f a=umif;ESihf vkyu f ikd af qmif ±Guaf eonhv f yk if ef; tm&Szu k &k ZdS ikd ;f wef;rS aq;tdqu k zJ u k Ek kd trSmpum;ajym=um;aepOf pOf’wd@k udk "gwyf q kH vdu k rf sm;xd;k I &Si;f vif;wifjycJyh gonf?( ausmaf usmEf ikd M f TK)

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

31

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