Mtk Vol2 No8

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

2

t,f'w D mtmabmf

vli,fa h -u;rH= k 9 ‘avmurSm wvrf;wnf; &So d nfr[kw?f vrf; toG,o f , G &f w dS ,f? wvrf;u oGm;vd@k r&&if aemufwvrf;oGm; vd@k &ao;wmyJ? bmrS pdw0f rf;ndK‡ ;i,faep&m rvd?k wcgu 3 a=umif;uAsmav;wyk'f a&;cJzh ;l w,f? jrefrm‘[du k KU uAsm’ qdyk gawmh? ‘vESihf wdraf wmif/ awG@&atmifvnf; vrf;ajrm‡ if=um;rSm r[kwaf csæ’ wJ?h wdraf wmifu vrif;udk zk;H tkyzf @kd =uw H ,f? ydwq f @kd zd@k =uw H ,f? wdraf wmife@J v rawG@rae& vrf;ajrm‡ if=um;rSm qk&H onfrS r[kwyf gb?J a&Smifp&mvrf;awG tmumorSm tus,}f u;D yJ? wdraf wmiftzk;H rcHbJ ajy;a&SmifEidk pf &m vrf;toG,o f , G f &So d nfy?J acsmifyw d v f @kd bm&Edik rf mS vJ? trsm;tm;jzifh vlawGu tcuftcJwckawG@vdu k &f if pdw"f mwfusv, G w f ,f? nnf;nLpum; tOD;qk;H =um;&w,f? xGu&f yfvrf;awG trsm;}u;D ? wvrf;r[kwf wvrf;? aumif;uif}u;D u tus,}f u;D yg? q&maZmf*s&D @J aA'gvrf; uAsmwyk'x f rJ mS vJ‘ig wk;H wdk uepdo k m;ayaygh acsmif;zsm;rSm cgwacguf a&muf&r,fav;æ’ wJ?h 'Da&twuftus&w dS hJ 'Dacsmif;rSm uepdw k ;Hk wdo k m;udk roGm;Edik af tmif [ef@wm;rSKawG&o dS wJ?h b,f&rSmvJ? ‘'Dacsmif;u wm;ygap [dak csmif;a& &Syd gao;æ’owJ?h 'Dvykd gy?J b0vrf;rSm tcuftcJawG/ t[ef@twm;awG/ tzsut f qD;awG =uKH pjryJ g? b,fol rqdk =uKH &rSmygy?J tJ't D cgrmS pdw"f mwfruse@J ? ydwq f @kd ae+y/D vrf;r&Sad wmhv@kd a&zdwpf yg; rpOf;pm;eJ@? wvrf;r[kw/f wvrf;awG@r,f? b0vrf;qdw k m wvrf;oGm;rS r[kww f mbJ? enf;vrf;toG,o f , G f &Spd jr?J xGuaf yguaf wG@udak wG@&rSm trSeyf ?J vl@qENukd b,ft&mur# [ef@wm;vd@k r&? pdwcf sæ

wifrdk; 19/ 7/ 2005 t,fvaf t

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

twdki y f ifcHem,mursm; wifr;kd (tar&du) armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs) wm0efcHt,f'Dwm rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm; rsufESmzHk;'DZdki ;f apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) yef;csDo±kya f zmf aX;opf/ armifatmifvD yHE k y dS f BDA Group

jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/

tðyoabmaqmifonfh a0zeft=uH ðypmrsm;ESihf pmrlrsm;/ Edik if aH &;owif;/ vlra_ &;owif;rsm;udk rnforl qdk ay;yd@k Edkifyga=umif; av;pm;pGmjzifh zdwfac: tyfygonf?

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okwyef;ci ;f armifprG ;f &nf

odyH` 0dZm… / ynmA[dk ‚ud/k pm=unhw f u kd [ f k ac:qd. k ? odyH` 0dZm… / ynm&Smol rsm; &Siv f u l /kd ulnaD y;&m ‚rSm/ pm=unhw f u kd rf S wyg; bmrsm;ydI k aumif;oenf;? vl@ ,Ofaus;r_/ tpkpu k kd vl@ tEG,rf sm;/ xyfqifh yGm;um rSwo f m;&monf Tae&mom/ jzpfygav.? ajrtkwaf vSum;/ ta[mif;rsm;wGif avSum; ausmufxpf/ xkqpfav&m Tae&mæ? Tae&mY vl@ rme/ vl@ pm*ESihf vl@ tmCmwwd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ vl@ o'Ng/ vl@ w%SmESihf vl@ rm,mwd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ vl@ ta=umufw&m;/ vl@ tajrm‡ ufw&m;ESihf vl@ taxmuftxm;wd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ vl@ t0dZm… / vl@ tbdZm… ESifh vl@ odumQ w&m;wd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ vl@ apwemESihf vl@ a0'emwd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ vl@ arwWmESifh vl@ opPmwd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ vl@ b0w&m;ESihf vl@ tvSw&m;wd@k onf vnf;aumif;/ ‚ ‚ ESihf ‚ ‚ wd@k onf vnf;aumif;?

‚wd@k rSm pm=unhw f u kd w f iG /f a&mifpv kH iG v f suf yefqif &nfp;l zl;yGihf pHv k if/ yef; O,smOfwnf;? xd@k a=umifh pm=unhw f u kd f ajr/ ajc rcsbJ avmu tvS rqifEikd ?f pm=unhw f u kd f ajr/ ajc rcsbJ avmu tjrif/ r=unfvifEikd ?f pm=unhw f u kd f ajr/ ajc rcsbJ avmu tjrif/ rus,Ef ikd ?f pm=unhw f u kd f cef;/ rjzwfoef;bJ crf;em; wdik ;f jynf rwnfEikd ?f wd;k wufvkd ol/ pmzwfou l kd ulno D nfum;/ pm=unhw f u kd rf sm;? toif vlom;/ ynm yGm;avmh trsm; usK;d aqmif/ rsm;usK;d atmifvrd hf vl@abmif tvS/ qifvu kd =f upd@k vlom; tvS/ qifu h rf;=upd@k &wem odu k /f pm=unhw f u kd u f m; wHcg; tjrJ zGiv hf suæ f ?

pm=unhw f u kd w f cH g; zGiI hf xm;avmhæ axmifwcH g;wd@k ydwu f ek t f ?hH avmu tvS okw yef;cif;/ O,smOfwiG ;f rSm vlom;tvS &o yef;cif;/ O,smOfwiG ;f rSm av;nif; csKad t; aeygownf;? avnif; csKad rG; ygapownf;?

rdk;aomuf=u,f 'DuAsmu- 1996/ &efukefwuUodkvfpm=unhfwdkufynm aiG&wktxdrf;trSwf r*~Zif;rSm xJv h u kd w f u hJ Asmyg? 'DuAsmrSm trJuu G Ef pS u f u G [ f m pmaypdppfa&;u vkyx f m; wmyg? pmaypDppfa&;ra&mufcif jrefrmpmXmeudk yd@k &vd@k 'kw, d trJuu G jf zpfvmygw,f? tJ'aD e&mudk jyefjznfx h m;w,f? usew f mawGu jyifwm jznhw f mawGyg? ‘axmifwcH g;’pm yk'u f pmaypDppfa&;ra&mufru D ðzwfxm;wmyg? jyefwyfvu kd yf gw,f? pGr;f rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;

jrefrmjynfukd tar&duefu aemufxyf 1 ESpf pD;yGm;a&;ydwqf @kdvukd jf yef+yD Zlvikd v f 28 &ufwiG f oufwrf;ukeq f ;kH rnfh pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd r_tm; aemufxyfoufwrf;wd;k &ef tar&dueforw a*sm'h bvsLbk&rfS S Ak'[ < ;l ae@ wGif vufrw S af &;xk;d cho J nf? e³t³zppftkyfpk. vl@tcGihfta&;tajct aersm; wd;k wufvmjcif;r&So d jzifh tar&dueft xufvw $ af wmfw@kd rS pD;yGm;a&;'g%cf wfyw d q f @kd r_ aemufxyfwESpf oufwrf;xyfrw H ;kd &ef t wnfðyxm;+y;D jzpfaomfvnf; tufOya'udk t ar&dueforwud, k w f ikd f vufrw S af &;xd;k jcif; r&Sdv#if w&m;0iftwnfrðyEdkifaoma=umifh oufwrf;rukerf DS w&uftvdk wrwrS vuf e³t³ztm; tar&duef. pD;yGm;a&;'g%cf wfru _ kd rSwfa&;xdk;cJha=umif; tar&dueftpdk;&rS xkwf aemufxyfwESpf oufwrf;wd;k vdu k o f nf?

jyefcJhonf? tar&duefEdkifiHonf 2003 ckESpfuwnf;u jrefrmjynftm; pwifI pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd ta&;,lchJ onf? “e³t³zudk ta&;,lyw d q f @kd 'g%cf wfra_ wG[m atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk jyefvw $ af y;bd@k awmif;qdak ewmawGe@J ywfoufae +y;D 'gudk yd+k y;D xif&mS ;apbd@k jzpfw,fæ”[k orw bGw&f rfS S owif;axmufrsm;tm; Zlvikd v f 27 &ufae@ wGif ajymoGm;a=umif;vnf; od&onf? 'g%cf wfyw d q f @kd r_rsm;twGi;f jrefrmEdik if o H @kd tar &duefrS ukeyf pPn;f wify@kd r_rsm;/ &if;ES;D ðryfErHS r_ sm;/ jrefrm jynfrS ukeyf pPn;f wifoiG ;f r_rsm;tm; ydwyf ifxm;rnf [k od&onf? (vGwv f yfaomowif;tzJ@G )

tmqD,tH vSnufh sOuUÏ&mxl; jrefrmpGe@f vwG /f taemufEikd fiHrsm;óuqdk jrefrm e³t³z Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D u 2006 ckEpS f tmqD,t H vSnu hf sOuUÏwm0efukd a±$@qdik ;f ay;yg&ef avmEdkifiH/ AD,efusif;òr@Y ,ae@usif;yonfh tmqD,HEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif yef=um;cJo h nf[k avmEdik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D pGwpf 0wfvifp0wfu a=unmonf? “jrefrmEdik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D u 2006 ckEpS [ f m jrefrmEdik if rH mS trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;eJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDazmfaqmifa&;twGuf tvGet f a&;ygwJEh pS f jzpfaewmrd@k tmqD,t H vSnu hf swm0efukd pGe@f v$wf csifygw,fv@kd usaemfw@kd udk &Si;f jyw,fæ”[k ‚u xkwaf zmfajymonf? jrefrmEdik if u H wm0ef,&l ef tqifoifjh zpfaeygu tmqD,OH uUÏwm0efukd csucf si;f ay;&ef oabm wlncD =hJ uonf[k avmEdik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D u qdo k nf? jrefrmEdik if . H tmqD,t H vSnu hf sOuUÏ wm0ef,l a&;/ r,la&;ESiyhf wfoufI vtwef=um tjiif;yGm;cJ=h uonf? jrefrmEdik if /H tmqD,OH uUÏjzpfygu jrefrmEdik if u H vufcu H si;f yrnhf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk oydwaf rSmufrnf[k tmqD,. H t"duukeo f , G f tmqD,EH ikd if jH cm;a&; 0ef}u;D tcs›KEd iS hf e³t³z0ef}u;D OD;^m%fvif;(0J-'k) bufEiS hf aqG;aEG;bufEikd if rH sm;jzpfonfh tar&duefjynfaxmifpEk iS hf Oa&myor*~w@kd u owday;cJo h nf? jrefrmEdik if . H qH;k jzwfcsut f ay: rav;&Sm;Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Zm[pf[mrpft,fbmu “jrefrmEdik if t H aeeJ@ olu, kd w f idk q f ;kH jzwfcw hJ m[m odyaf umif;wJq h ;kH jzwfcsuyf J vd@k xifw,fæ”[k ajymcJo h vdk Oa&myor*~EiS hf tar&duefjynfaxmifpw k @kd u ,QKuo hJ @kd jrefrmEdik if u H 2006 ckEpS f tmqD,OH uUÏwm0efukd pGe@f v$waf =umif; tmqD,. H xkwjf yefa=unmcsut f ay: wH@k jyefóuqdck o hJ nf? Oa&myor*~ jynfyqufqaH &;rl0g'qdik &f m t}u;D tuJ rpPwm*sA&D mqdv k efemu “tzJG@0if(25)EdkifiHyg Oa&myor*~tzJ@G . tedrq fh ;kH qENtwdik ;f jzpfomG ;cJw h t hJ wGuf auseyfw,fæ”[k owif;axmufrsm;tm; ajym=um;onf? tar&duefEikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Ïme ajymcGi&hf ol a&Smifrufaumrufcu f “jrefrmEdik if u H tmqD,OH uUÏ&mxl;udk tvSnafh usmaf y;zd@k a=unmcsut f ay: usaemfw@kd óuqdyk gw,fæ”[k 0g&iS w f ef'pD w D iG f owif;axmufrsm;tm; ajym=um;onf? ‚u “jrefrmEdik if rH mS +ird ;f +ird ;f csrf;csrf;eJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;zd@k qdw k hJ yef;wdik u f awmh a0;uGmqJyg? vl@tcGit hf a&;csKd;azmufra_ wG/ 'Dru kd a&pDvv kd m;olawGukd zrf;qD;aewmawGuawmh avsmhroGm;ao; bl;æ”[k ajym=um;um a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;v$waf y;&ef/ vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm; av;pm;vdu k ef m&ef ESihf Edik if aH &;aqG;aEG;yJrG sm; vkyaf qmif&ef ppftyk pf t k m; xyfraH wmif;qdck o hJ nf? jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&; wufºupGm axmufco H nfh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk uifwyfujD ynfe,frS txufvw $ af wmftrwf rpfcsrf ufaume,fEiS hf qD;edwt f xufvw $ af wmftrwf zde;f pwde;f wd@k uvnf; jrefrmppftyk pf . k 2006 ckEpS f tmqD,OH uUÏ &mxl;a±$@qdik ;f r_tay: óuqdak =umif; ajym=um;vdu k +f y;D jrefrmhta&;udk ukvor*~vðkH caH &;aumifpw D iG f aqG;aEG;&efEiS hf a':atmif qef;pk=unftygt0if Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf jrefrmppftyk pf t k m; zdtm;ay;&ef a'owGi;f Edik if rH sm;tm; xyfraH wmif;qdck o hJ nf? e³t³zEdik if jH cma;&;0ef}u;D OD;^m%f0if;u zJ@G pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'a&;qJ+G y;D vlxq k ENc, H yl ðGJ yvkyu f m vGwv f yf+y;D w&m;r#w onfh a±G;aumufyrGJ sm; usi;f yðyvkyo f mG ;rnf[k avmEdik if /H AD,efusi;f òr@wGif ,refae@u ajym=um;cJah omfvnf; a':atmifqef; tar&duefEikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf a&Smifrufaumrwfcf pk=unf jyefvnfvw G af jrmufa&;ESiyhf wfoufI wpHw k &m ajym=um;cJjh cif;r&Sad cs? (acwfòyiftmwmeufowif;rS) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

5

tifwmeufowif;

Burmarac:&ef

e³t³z0ef}uD; OD;^m%f0if; tar&duefudkajym

Zlvikd v f 28 &uf/ avmEdik if /H AD,efusi;f Yusi;f ycJh aom tmqD , H - tar&d u ef t pnf ; ta0;wG i f e³t³zEdik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D OD;^m%f0if;rS “tar&duef udk usaemfw@kd ajymvdw k mu jrefrmjynfukd Burma uae Myanmarvd@k ajymif;xm;wm &mpkEpS f wck ausmfyg+y?D w&m;0ifemrnfub kd J oH;k pJG ac:ygæ”[k tmqD,(H 10)Edik if /H Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D rsm;ESihf tar&d uef vufaxmufEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; rpPwma&m

Ù vm=ua[h/ vm=u[ bmyJ&&/ nmyJ&& r=uifwm/ c0gcs ckwcg/ 'd@k &rSm ody}f u;D wJh txky}f u;D usawmhr[/ csawmhr[ rif;wd@k vnf; awG;awm/ ab;rajym=ueJ h &vmwJt h =u/H zefvmwJt h awG; pm&Guaf y:/ a&;cs=u jyif=u[ qif=u/ b,f*iG u f && }u;D }u;D ao;ao;/ ya&m*suaf &; 'ufvikd ;f ud/k rvGe&f 'd@k i,fi,f/ wcgu a*gix f &d if/ tukerf ausmuf';kd ypf/ upm;ovdyk ? Ù aygvu kd w f hJ tef*st D kd urBmwcGi/f jyjJ yq J if=u aiGtjym/ apwem&Sif ta&S t h aemuf/ awmifeJ ah jrmuf pl;prf;azG/ *Git f ukeyf &ifcek =f u/ tzJ@G awG tefb&Jvm;/ ,lEu dk w f uf

bwfZKGd i;f vZfw@kd a&Sw › iG f ajymcJjh cif;jzpfonf? tmqD,-H tar&duefaqG;aEG;yJw G iG f tar&duef vufaxmufEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; rpPwmZdGKif;vZfu “Burma Edik if t H pd;k &u a':atmifqef;pk=unf tyg t0if Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;awGukd tjrefjyefvw $ af y; bd@k awmif;qdyk gw,fæ”[k ajym=um;t+y;D OD;^m%f 0if;rS ,QKuo hJ @kd Burma[k rac:&ef wke@f jyefvu kd jf cif; [k tmqD,x H yd w f ef; oHwrefwOD;rS usK'd o kd wif; Xmeodk@ ajymqdkcJhonf? wcsed w f nf;wGif tar&duef'Ek ikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D rS “ jrefrmAdv k cf sKyfawG&@J vl@tcGit hf a&;csKd;azmufr_ rsm;ESihf zdEydS rf r_ sm;onf ydrk q kd ;kd ±Gm;vmae+y;D a'o wGi;f uifqma&m*gys›EH @HS ovdk ys›o H mG ;rJt h ajctaeqd;k rSm &Sad ewmudk twdtvif;ajymygw,fæ”[kvnf;

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tqdyk gtpnf;ta0;twGi;f Y ajym=um;cJo h nf? xdo k @kd ajymonfukd OD;^m%f0if;rS wpHw k &mwke@f jyefajymqdk cJjh cif;r&S[ d k od&onf? tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfouf+y;D rEWav;òr@ae okawoD wOD ; url - “ArmbJjzpfjzpf/ jrefrmbJjzpfjzpf/ jy\emr&Syd gbl;? ajymif;csif&majymif;yg? 'gayr,fh tJo h nfvakd jymif;&if ordik ;f rSm ajymif;vJra_ wG jzpf wwfawmh vlxt k rsm;qENt& vkyb f @kd vdw k maygh? tck[m twif;t=uyf rajymif;rae& ausmif;awG rSm/ ±H;k awGrmS / pmaypDppfa&;rSm t"rRajymif;cdik ;f wm uawmh rw&m;vky&f yfygyJ? tckb=J unhf jynfwiG ;f rSm ajymif;vd@k &ayr,fh jynfyrSmusawmh ajymif;vd@k r&bl;avæ”[k ajymqdo k mG ;cJo h nf? (vGwv f yfaomowif;tzJ@G )

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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'D‘jyifyzdtm;’t,ltqawG[m ouU&mZf 2003 ckEpS /f arv yxrygwrf mS xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfwae&m acwW tar&duefEidk if H rSmyJ ed*;kH csKyo f mG ;wm awG@&w,f? 'gayr,fh aemifw qdw k m aemifrjS zpfwwfwmrd@k qH;k ±_;H oGm;wJh tcGit hf r+y;D ao;cifbJ pOf;pm;rdcw hJ ,f? bmvJqakd wmh ‘jynf a&;awGuakd wmh b,fawmhrS jyef&rSmr[kwaf wmhb;l ? wGi;f v_y&f mS ;r_’udk pDpOfxm;wma&m rpDpOf&ao;wm pifppf em;vnfoabmayguw f muawmh- Edik if H udyk g acwWtm;vH;k &yfwef@xm;vdu k zf @kd ygy?J pOf;pm;rdchJ k m jynfo@l wJt h wdik ;f vJyJ (2)ESpf (3)ESpcf ef@r# ae=unhcf w hJ ,f? wEdik rf mS pepfwckajymif;vJa&;qdw _ ay: tajccHw,f? Oyrm jrefrm apmif=h unhaf ecJw h ,f? óu+y;D awG;xm;wmxufawmif awmif; qdrk t qd;k 0g;oGm;wm awG@&w,f? tJ'u D mvawGrmS (2001 jynfoljynfom;awGuom 'Drdkua&pDrvdk ckEpS /f 2002 ckEpS /f 2003 ckEpS /f tapmydik ;f ae@rsm;udk vm;bl;qd&k if 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m jzpfvmp&m qdv k o kd nf) bmrS wEdik if v H ;kH wjynfv;kH twdik ;f twm ta=umif;r&Sb d ;l ? b,fEikd if u H rS “cifAsm;wd@k eJ@ v_y&f mS ;Edik w f ,f? tqdw k ckuspaf tmif v_y&f mS ;Edik f tpd;k &taeeJ@ ud, k jhf ynfoal wGukd 'Drkd ua&pD w,fqw kd m rawG@&bl;? ay;vdu k yf gæ”qd+k y;D awmh arwWm&yfcv H @kd yJ udk,fhbufawmfom;awGudkvnf; rulyHhEdkif/ w f @kd r&yg zufom;awGuv kd nf; zdrxm;Ekid /f Edik if w H umudk tm; jzpfap/ +crd ;f ajcmufv@kd yJjzpfap vkyv d nf;r&Sad o;ygb;l ? tJ'g &auseyfatmif vkyrf jyEdik b f J avsm&h &J }J u;D jzpfae+y;D bl;? urBmay:rSm &Sv k jynfo@l tay:rSm tajccHw,f? jynfo@l awmh tcsdefukefoGm;wmawGudk ausuJGzG,fawG@& udu w,f? bmrSrvkyfEdkifbl;? aqG;aEG;yJG pm;yJGa&muf toH/ jynfo@l awmif;qdrk t _ ay:rSm tajccH atmif rwGe;f Edik b f ;l ? tompD;&Edik af tmifvnf; r[m w,f? jynfo@l v_y&f mS ;r_tay:rSmom tajccH AsL[m enf;AsL[mrcsEikd b f ;l ? w,fqw kd m &Si;f ygw,f? ra,mif&mqDv;l / pdwu f ;l &&mvky+f y;D ‘=um;jzwf ESp&f n S jf zwfoef;r_tawG@tñut H &uawmh tpd;k &’zJ@G ovdv k kd vla±G;ovdv k ekd @J vuf&jdS ynfwiG ;f t hf w G v f yf ajctaeeJ@ vH;k 0uif;uGmwJv h yk [ f efawGuykd J awG@& ay:vpDcikd rf mr_&zdS @kd vdrk ,f? vkyyf ikd cf iG v S af ±G;cs,fr_ rSeu f efz@kd w,f? apmif=h unh±f /kH oH;k oyf±/kH vlp±k ekH @J (2)ESpf (3)ESpf zd@k vdrk ,f? Edik if aH &;ypfrw tcsed u f kd jzKe;f ypfvu kd =f uw,f? bmrSrvkyEf ikd b f ;l ? vdrk ,f? yk*Kd~ vfa&;=oZm&Szd @kd vdrk ,f? jzwfx;kd D m tJ'D (2)ESpf (3)ESpfumvrSm wyfwGif;tm%m ^m%ftm;aumif;zd@k vdrk ,f? owif;rD', odr;f r_awG/ tcsi;f csi;f vky=f urH a_ wG/ qefvyk aGJ wG (5) oabmw&m; u|rf;usifz@kd vdrk ,f? tajccH }udrf/ tifrwef}uD;rm;wJh b%fjy\emawG jzpfcJh trmcHjynfwiG ;f tiftm;vdrk ,f? +y;D awmh tif w,f? +y;D awmh tEdik &f ygwaD cgi;f aqmifawG/ oHCm rwefta&;}uD;wJu h pd u P awmh aiGa=u;vHk awG/ ausmif;om;awGe@J jynfoal wG[m 'Dy&J if;rSm avmufatmif &Sad ezd@k ygy?J aiGa=u;[m armf 0g;&if;wkwef @J ±du k /f 0g;c|eef @J xd;k wmawG cHc&hJ w,f? f eD @J oabm tJ'jD zpfysurf a_ wGukd tajccH+y;D r[mAsL[m/ enf; awmfum;wpD;rSm oH;k &wJ"h gwq AsL[m rzefw;D Edik cf ahJ vawmh tm%m&Siaf wG[m u w&m;csif;wlw,f? armfawmfum;u 'Dz;kd 'DyJ k *f g;yJjzpfjzpf/ rmpD';D yJjzpfjzpf/ *suf +y;D &if; ucJ=h uw,f? aqG;aEG;yJv G y_ &f mS ;r_aemufyikd ;f jzpfjzpf/ wdu a&mufvmavh&w dS hJ rpPwm&mZmvDuv kd nf; pD;yGm;a&; ud0k gyjJ zpfjzpf "gwq f rD &Sb d ;l qd&k if wvufrrS rufv;kH ay; cg;ydu k af qmifvyk /f Oa&myud, k pf m;vS,f ae&mu a±G@rSmr[kwb f ;l ? awGukd vnfaeatmifnm/ tar&duefzt d m;udk *±k awG@ñub H ;l oavmufuawmh jrefrmEdik if rH mS tkyf rðyyJ Adv k af ejru J sm;aejr/J rxDav;pm;vkyaf ewm awG@ csKyaf ewJh ppftyk pf [ k m cdik rf mr_r&Sb d ;l ? olw@kd uvJ awG@&w,f? tjrw J rf; a=umufvef@ae&wJh ppftyk pf w k ckomjzpf armife@J ESrawmifrS (3)ESpef ;D yg;umvrSm w}urd f w,f? enf;enf;v_yv f u kd ±f ekH @J ,dik o f mG ;rSmjzpfw,f? wcg &if=um;aphz@kd rawG@Edik af o;bl;qd&k if ‘trsK;d om; wyfwiG ;f jy\emawGuvnf; &Sad eavawmh ‘qif0if oihfjrwfa&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;oabmwlnDcsuf’ iSufaysm’wrsKd;vdk@awmif ajymvdk@&atmif rcdkifrrm b,fawmh&EdkifrvJqdkwmudk jynfyzdtm;orm; jzpfaeyg+yD? awGu ajzqdzk @kd a&SmifaecJ=h uw,f? tJ'(D 3)ESpu f mv enf;AsL[mom zefw;D r_tm;aumif;r,fq&kd if 'Drkd qdw k m renf;bl;? ay:vmwJt h cGit fh a&;udk r[mAsL ua&pD&&Sdzdk@qdkwm tifrwefvG,fw,fvdk@awmif [mt& toH;k rcsEikd cf b hJ ;l ? em;vnfvmw,f? 'Dvdkjrifrdayr,hfvdk@ ‘awmfvSef rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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tifwmeufowif;rsm; a&;’qdw k phJ um;eJ@tnD ‘jynfph rkH ’_ qdw k m tcuftcJ jzpfavawmh r=umoifb h J =um&ifah e&w,f? awmfveS af &;rSm tawG;tac:wdu k yf aGJ wG/ enf;AsL [mwdu k yf aGJ wG &Sad wmh&rdS mS yJ? 'gayr,fh ‘tajrmftjrif &Sd&Sd tajz&Smr_’[m ta&;}uD;w,fvdk@ em;vnf w,f? bma=umifv h q J akd wmh ‘qifjcifww kH &m;acgi;f yg;r_’ [m terw*†q;kH ±H;_ r_awG ‘¹yrf;’aevd@k ygy?J 'Dy&J if;ta&;tcif;awGvakd ygæ h « aq;rsm;udk rS0D o J ifah yonf? rS0D o J ifafh omaq;rsm; ta=umif;udk tvsO;f oifu h azmfjya&;om;ygO;D rnf? owdðy&efrmS touf(40)ausmv f mv#if wae@ (2)}urd pf m;aom tpm yrm%udk (3)cgcpGJ m;yg? touf(50)ausmfvmv#if (4)}udrfcJGpm;yg? tpmudk w0}uD;rpm;bJ (2)vkyf (3)vkyfpmcef@ avsmph m;yg? 'Drdkua&pDbufawmfom;taygif;wdk@ ouf&Snf use;f rm+y;D 'Dru kd a&pDta&; qxufxrf;yd;k o,fy;kd aqmif±u G Ef ikd yf gapæÔ Ô Ô Ô tpmvnf;aq;rS

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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absdfyxrOD;qH;k OuUÏudx k e G ;f atmifausmfEi S a hf wG@qHjk cif; *syefEikd if H wdu k sKEd iS hf em*d, k mòr@rSm&S=d uwJh tzJ@G toD;oD;rS jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&; vkyaf qmifae=uolawGpak ygi;f +y;D ausmif;om;pdw"f gwef @J 43 ESpaf jrmuf 7 Zlvikd f txdr;f trSwf qENjyyJEG iS hf a[majymyJaG wG usi;f ycJ=h uygw,f? tqdyk gyt GJ wGuf ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uwJh OD;wifah Zmf/ udx k eG ;f atmifausmfEiS hf udrk ;kd oD;ZGefw@kd udk zdw=f um;cJah yr,hf tajctaeta=umif;a=umif;awGa=umifh ‘udx k eG ;f atmifausm’f wa,mufbJ wufa&mufEikd cf yhJ gw,f? (1) rsKd;cspfpw d "f gw&f o dS w l ikd ;f ausmif;om;pdw"f gwu f akd rG;jrL=uzd@k (2) ausmif;om;vli,fawG bma=umifh Edik if aH &;rSm b,fv&kd nf±, G f csufawGe@J yg0ifywfoufc=hJ uovJqw kd m odem;vnfz@kd eJ@ (3)rw&m;tkycf sKyfaewJh ppftm%m&Siaf wGukd qef@usif&w J hJ pdwaf wG arG;zGm;vm+y;D jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sad &;wdu k yf rGJ mS wuf wufºuºueJ@ yg0ifvm=uzd@k qdw k hJ &nf±, G cf suef @J 43 ESpaf jrmuf 7 Zlvikd yf u GJ kd vma&muf &jcif;jzpfa=umif;udv k nf; udx k eG ;f atmifausmaf jymjyvd@k od&&dS ygw,f? [efaqmifru _ if;um ±d;k om;azmfa±GwhJ trlt&m&Sw d t hJ jyif/ ajymqdk vkyu f ikd &f mrSmvnf; [dw[ f efxw k f ºum;0gjcif;r&Sb d J wnf=unfjywfom; pGm vkyu f ikd af qmif±u G af vh&w dS hJ (ABSDF&J@ yxrOD;qH;k OuUÏwm 0efvnf; xrf;aqmifco hJ )l ‘udx k eG ;f atmifausm’f *syefo@kd a&muf&adS ecku d f rd;k aomuf =u,ftzJ@G om;rsm;u ABSDF&J@ ordik ;f tcsut f vufrsm;ta=umif; ar;jref;cJrh u _ kd pmzwfy&dowfrsm;od&adS tmif azmfjyay;vdu k yf gw,f? (tjynft h pHu k kd http://www.8888burma.comwGif =unh±f E_ ikd yf gonf) udx k eG ;f atmifausmf&@J Edik if aH &;v_y&f mS ;cJrh o _ rdik ;f tusOf;eJ@ ABSDFay:aygufvmyHo k rdik ;f tusOf;csKyfukd ajymjyay;Edik f rvm;cifAsm;æ xGe;f ? ? usaemf&@J Edik if aH &;ordik ;f tusO;f udk ajym&r,fq&kd if 1974 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 5 &uf/ OD;oef@ta&;tcif;uaep+y;D awmh Edik if aH &;udk xdxad &mufa&muf yg0ifvmw,faygæ h ? OD;oef@ta&;tcif;+y;D wJt h csed rf mS OD;oef@ta&;tcif;udk OD;aqmifcw hJ hJ udw k ifarmifO;D eJ@ usaemfe@J wkid yf if+y;D awmh “'D ppftyk pf u k kd +ird ;f csr;f wJeh nf;wJh awmif;qdak evd@k awmh bmrS&rSmr[kwb f ;l ? vufeufuikd w f u kd yf u GJ kd qifErJG &S r,fæ”vd@k ,lq=u+y;D vufeuf&zd@k aqG;aEG;=uw,f? tJawmh udw k ifarmifO;D u e,fpyfrmS &Sw d hJ ‘OD;Ek’wd@k ‘OD;oGi’f wd@k eJ@ oGm;aqG;aEG; w,f? aqG;aEG;+y;D awmh jyefvmw,f? aemuf ZGet f a&;tcif;qufvyk =f uw,f? ZGet f a&;tcif;+y;D wht J csed rf mS usaemftzrf;cH&w,f? =o*kwv f rSm axmifwoufwu|e;f csc&H w,f? 122§1 yk'rf Edik if aH wmfyek f uefre_ @J aygah væ? tenf;qH;k axmifwoufwu|e;f / trsm;qH;k ao'%fv@kd od&w,f? usaemfukd avsmah yg+h y;D woufwu|e;f bJcswmvd@k ajymw,f? tJawmh- usaemfu jyefar;vdu k w f ,f? “cifAsm;wd@k woufcrH mS vm;æ”vd@k aygah v? tJ'ge@J usaemfukd axmifxrJ mS 11 vwdwd wdu k yf w d cf &H w,f? aemuf 1980 ckEpS af &mufawmh taxGaxGvw G +f ird ;f csr;f omcGiahf y;w,f? 'D vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGiahf y;w,fqw kd hJ udpu P vnf; ppftm%m&Siaf e0if;u a=umufwmqdv k @kd ‘ausmif;om;’eJ@‘bk&m;om;’ udb k aJ =umufw,f? bk&m;om;qdw k m bke;f }u;D (&[ef;ysK)d aygah v? 'ga=umifh omoemoef@&Si;f a&;vkyw f ,fq+kd y;D omoemydik t f zJ@G udk w&m;0if zG@J pnf;cJw h ,f? bke;f }u;D wdik ;f u omoemrSwyf w kH ifuikd &f r,fq+kd y;D &[ef;ysKad wGukd xde;f csKyw f hJ trde@f tm%mawG jyXmef;Edik cf v hJ @kd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJ@ “igw@kd awmh bke;f }u;D (&[ef;ysK)d awGuv kd nf; xde;f csKyEf ikd +f yæ D ausmif;om;awGuv kd nf; axmifxx J nhx f m;Edik +f yæ D tJawmh vGwaf y; vd@k jy\emr&Sad wmhb;l æ”vd@k ,lq+y;D Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k udk 1980 rSm v$waf y;cJw h ,f? tJ'g+y;D awmh usaemfw@kd at;at;aq;aq;bJae+y;D awmh Study Group zJ@G +y;D Edik if aH &;avhvmr,fqw kd hJ &nf±, G cf suef @J aecJ=h uw,f? tJ ajymzd@k useo f mG ;wmu ZGet f a&;tcif;+y;D wJt h csed u f av;rSm ‘zufqpfqef@usiaf &;ausmif;om;rsm;wyfaygi;f pk’(Anti-Fascist Student's League AFSL)udk zJ@G cJ=h uw,f? usaemfu OuUXvky+f y;D wifarmifO;D u twGi;f a&;rSL;aygah v? 'D udw k ifarmifO;D uawmh usaemfaxmifxrJ mS &Sad epOf 1976 rdi_ ;f &mjynft h a&;tcif;rjzpfcifw&ufrmS tzrf;cHvu kd &f +y;D awmh ol[m ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ 3 ck(OD;oef@ta&;tcif;/ ZGet f a&;tcif;/ rdi_ ;f &mjynft h a&;tcif;)eJ@ ywfoufw,fq+dk y;D ae 0if;u t&rf;a=umufomG ;+y;D awmh udw k ifarmifO;D udk b,fvjkd ypf'%fay;&rvJq+kd y;D 0ef}u;D tpnf;ta0;ac:w,fv@kd od&w,f? tJ'rD mS usaemfw@kd =um;wmuawmh 0ef}u;D awGu “'Daumifav;u toufvnf;i,fao;w,f? Ake;f cJw G mwd@k / vlowfwmwd@k vkyrf xm;wJt h wGuf ol@udk axmifwoufwu|e;f avmufcs&if aumif;r,fæ”vd@k ajymwmudk ae0if;u a'gow}u;D rdk;?

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

10

tifwmAsL; *k% d ;f *Cpdwaf wGay:xGuv f m=uvd@k jzpfomG ;&wmbJ? t"duuawmh axmufvrS ;f a&;awG 0ifaESmufwm&,f/ ud, k b hf ufu r&ifu h suw f mawGvnf; ygwmaygah v? 'Dupd eP @J ywfoufv@kd usaemft h aeeJ@ pmwrf;a&;+y;D pmtkyx f w k zf @kd &nf±, G x f m;w,f? 'gayr,fh tcsed rf wefao;vd@k apmifah ew,f? bma=umihv f nf;qdak wmh tckcsed rf mS xkwv f u dk &f if &efou l tjrwfxw k o f mG ; rSmvnf; pd;k &ao;w,f? tjzpfreS o f rdik ;f ukad wmh tjzpfreS w f ikd ;f a&;rSmjzpfw,f? b,fo@l rsuEf mS rS axmufrmS r[kwb f ;l æ aemufwckuayghaemfæ? e³t³zppftkyfpku olwdk@tcsif;csif; wyfwGif;tm;òyifr_awGjzpf+yD; jynfwGif;xJrSm f +kd y;D r=umc% pGypf aGJ jymqdjk cif;cHc&hJ w,faygah emfæ? 'guvnf; azmufcrGJ a_ wGjzpfwikd ;f vufeufuikd f ABSDF&J@ vufcsuq b,fou l t=urf;zufaew,fæ b,fou l awmfveS af &;vkyaf ew,fqw kd mudk trSet f rSm;odwo hJ w l ikd ;f u em;vnf=uyg w,f? 'gayr,fh tH=ooifzh @kd aumif;wmu t&if ABSDFrSm wm0efxrf;aqmifczhJ ;l +y;D tck wjcm;tzJ@G tpnf;toD;oD;udk a&mufoGm;wJh &Jabmfa[mif;wcs›Kdu e³t³z avoHtwkdif; oHa,mifvdkufajymqdkaewmudk awG@&ygw,fæ? tJ't D ay:rSma&m udx k eG ;f atmifausmftaeeJ@ b,fvckd pH m;&ygovJæ Oyrmajymr,fAsmæpGr;f tm;jri‡ phf pfonfawmfrsm;tzJ@G u xdik ;f rSm&Sw d hJ jrefrmoH±;kH udk 0iford ;f vdu k w f ,fæ cGyaf 'gi;f tvHukd xGe;f ? ? v$iw hf ifvu kd w f ,faygAh smæ? 'Dvv kd yk v f u kd af wmh wurBmvH;k rSm&Sw d hJ jrefrmausmif;om;awGu pdw"f gww f ufºuvm=u+y;D “igw@kd vnf; oH±;kH ud0k ifp;D =ur,fa[hæ”vd@k jzpfvm=uw,f? bmvd@k 'Dvjkd zpfvmovJqakd wmh usaemfw@kd ausmif;om;awGukd ppftm%m&Siaf wGu rw&m;vkyw f m=um+yæ D / tESrd cf aH e&wm=u+y?D 'Dtay:rSm jyefrcsEikd af o;bl;? 'gukd 'Dausmif;om;tkypf u k toufpeG @f +y;D vkyv f u kd w f t hJ wGuf t&rf;ud0k rf;om=uw,f? pdw"f gww f ufºu=uw,fæ? tJ'D wcsed x f rJ mS bJ 'Dru kd a&pDtif tm;pkawGu “'Dvv kd yk w f m usaemfw@kd eJ@rqdik yf gb;l æ/ usaemfw@kd eJ@rygwo f ufygb;l æ/ 'ga=umihf 'Dvt kd =urf;zufwmudk ±_@H csygw,fæ”qd+k y;D vkyw f t hJ cg=uawmh wu,fwrf;taocHvyk w f hJ ausmif;om;awGukd apmfum;vdu k w f meJ@ twlwb l ?J usaemfw@kd taeeJ@uawmh usaemfjzpfcsiw f mu Edik if aH &;vkyw f ahJ e&mrSm ud, k ef @J wlwm&Sw d ,f/ rwlwm&Sw d ,f? 'gayr,fh &nf±, G cf suu f awmh twlwb l ?J 'Dv&kd nf±, G cf suw f +l y;D awmh 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sad &;vkyw f o hJ t l csi;f csi;f ay:rSm ±_@H cswmwd@k ESyd u f yG f wmwd@k rvkyo f ifb h ;l ? tJ'v D v kd yk w f m[m 'g &efo@l tm;ay;vkyw f mbJæ ol&aJ bma=umifwv hJ yk &f yfv@kd usaemfjrifw,f? wu,fwef;jzpfoifw h mu “'Dvv dk yk w f t hJ xJrmS usaemfw@kd awmhrygb;l ? 'gayr,fh 'Dvjkd zpf&wm[m 'Dausmif;om;awG[m ppftm%m&Sipf epfukd ±G@H rke;f wmvnf;=um+y?D aemuf awmfveS af &;u=umaevd@k Home Seekjzpfaewmvnf;ygw,f? aemuf e³t³z[m a±G;aumufyrGJ mS tEdik &f wJyh gw(D NLD)udk tm%mvJr$ ay;bJe@J npfywfxm;w,f? 'ga=umifh 'Dausmif;om; av;awG[m a'gotrsuf acsmif;acsmif;xGu+f y;D awmh 'Dvkd oH±;kH awGbmawG 0iford ;f wJt h xdjzpf&wmyg? tJ'ga=umifrh @kd vd@k t"du tjypfwifr,fq&kd if e³t³z ppftyk pf u k o kd m tjypfwif&rSmjzpfw,fæ”qdw k [ hJ mrsK;d xkw&f r,fav? 'Dvrkd [kwb f J wu,fwrf;taocHvyk w f o hJ al wGukd apmfum;+y;D olw@kd tzG@J tpnf; axmufyaHh =u;r&rSmpd;k vd@k / ol@wd@k tzJ@G tpnf; rv_y&f mS ;Edik rf mS pd;k vd@k olw@kd tzG@J tpnf; emrnfysurf mS pd;k vd@k qdw k hJ igqw kd t hJ wWe@J ud, k u f sK;d ud=k unf+h y;D xkwjf yefwmvd@k jrifw,f? tifrwefatmufwef;usw,f? tifrwefukd ±_@H csz@kd aumif;w,fv@kd usaemfjrifw,f? aemuf ABSDF tzJG@0if a[mif;wcsK› u d tJ'v D v dk yk w f ,fqw kd muvnf; tJ'v D akd jymqdck w hJ o hJ al wG[m Ekid if aH &;tjrif &ifu h surf r_ &Sb d ;l ? aemuf+y;D awmh ud, k &hf yfwnfra_ vmufukd y"gexm;+y;D awmh 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sad &;udv k spv f sL±_+y;D a&muf&mt&yfrmS Adv k af ejrJ usm;aejraJ eEdik zf @kd avmufom vkyaf ewJt h wGuf usaemft h aeeJ@ ±_@H csw,f? 'gbæ J rdk;?

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

11

tifwmAsL; tawG;tac:av;awG ay:vm+y;D axmufyw Hh mawGjzpfvmw,f? tJ'aD wmh ABSDFuae xGucf mG oGm;wmudk usaemft h aeeJ@ tjypfrwifb;l ? em;vnfay;w,f? 'gayr,fh rdcifwyf&if;udk axmufy&hH r,faygAh sm? aemufar;cGe;f wckukd qufajz&r,fq&kd if tck wwd,Edik if u H kd a&muf&adS ewJh ABSDF&Jabmfa[mif;awGukd pkpnf;zd@k OD;pD;vkyaf ewm usaemfvyk af ewmbJ? Fort WaynerSmvnf; pmxkwc f +hJ y;D +y?D &Jabmfa[mif;awGe@J rdwq f pkH m;yJv G yk +f y;D awmh We Unionvky=f u&atmif/ ABSDFudk axmufyzHh @kd vdw k ,f? ABSDF[m vufeufuikd x f m;aeqJjzpfw,f? b,fvb kd jJ zpfjzpf ausmif;om;vufeufuikd w f yfz@GJ wck [m ordik ;f t& aysmufomG ;vd@k rjzpfb;l ? tJ'aD wmh igw@kd qufvufyyH ;kd &r,f? igw@kd rSm wm0ef&w dS ,fq+kd y;D usaemfpmxkw+f y;D awmh tpnf;ta0;ac:xm;ygw,f? 'DZifbmvxJrmS qH=k uzd@k rsm;w,faygah væ aemufqHk;ar;cGef;taeeJ@ayghav? jynfyEdkifiHtoD;oD;rSm a&muf&SdaewJh 'Drdkua&pD&Jabmftaygif;udk bmrsm; ajymcsifygovJcifAsæ usaemft h aeeJ@ ajymcsiw f muawmh 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd m vG,v f , G ef @J r&bl;? ar#maf evd@k 'Dru kd a&pDqw kd mr&bl;? 'Dru kd a&pDqkd xGe;f ? ? wm ac|;rxGub f eJ @J aoG;rxGub f eJ @J r&bl;? toufray;bJe@J r&bl;? bma=umifv h nf;qdak wmh usaemfw@kd wdu k af ewmu ppftm%m&Sipf epfjzpfw,fæ? e,fcspJ› epfxufq;kd 0g;wJh ppftm%m&Sipf epfjzpfw,f? ud, k t hf rsK;d om;tcsi;f csi;f udk jyefu|eðf y tkycf sKyaf ewJh taumifawGjzpfw,f? 'Dval wGe@J wdu k w f ahJ e&mrSm usaemfw@kd u jywfom;zd@k vdw k ,f? &J&ifzh @kd vdw k ,f? aemuf+y;D awmh ud, k u f sK;d r=unhb f eJ @J vkyzf @kd vdw k ,f? tck awmfawmfrsm;rsm;jzpfaewmu bmvJqakd wmh ‘ae&m’jzpfaew,f? ae&morm;awGrsm;aew,f? usaemfw@kd e,fpyfa'orSmbJ=unf=h unf/h jynfyrSmbJ=unf=h unfh ae&morm;awGu “'Dae&m r&vd@k &S&d ifawmh igawmhrvkyEf ikd b f ;l æ/ ae&m&rSigvyk rf ,fæ”qdw k hJ tydik ;f awG&w dS ,f? tJ'ga=umihrf @kd vd@k usaemfajymcsif wmu ae&mudrk rufbeJ @J 'Dru kd a&pDa&;t wGuf ud, k v f yk pf &m&Sw d m vky=f uygæ/ wef;wl&nfww l v GJ yk =f uygæ? aemuf+y;D awmh oHo,uif;uif;eJ@vky=f uygæ? *k%w f *k % k òf yifrvky=f uygeJ@? tJ'v D q kd v kd @kd &S&d if usaemfw@kd [m ud, k &hf nf±, G cf sufwck udk oGm;wJah e&mrSm nD!w G rf &_ r,fæ? ae&mudrk =unfw h t hJ cgusawmh twWuif;wJt h cgusawmh usaemfw@kd oef@&Si;f r,f? oef@&Si;f wJt h cgusawmh ,H, k =kH unf=unf aygi;f vd@k &w,f? ,H, k =kH unf=unfaygi;f +y;D awmh tvkyv f yk &f if usaemfw@kd tvkyf jzpfr,f? tvkyjf zpf&ifbmjzpfrf vJæ usaemf wk@d 'Dru kd a&pD&zd@k eD;vmr,fæ 'gbJæ usaemfajymcsifwmuæ rdk;?

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urBmhukefpnfjyyJGwGif u&ifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;ta-umif; &Sif;vif;ajym-um;jcif; *syefEikd if /H em*d, k mòr@Y Zlvikd v f 1 &ufae@rS 30 &ufae@txd usi;f yaom urBmu h ek pf nfjyyJ(G World Expo Aichi)wGif u&if'u k o Q nfpcef;rS aemfye'u SHANTI Volunteer Group .zd w f = um;csuf t & wuf a &muf I rdrw d @kd &ifqikd ñf uaH wG@ae&onfh vuf&t dS ajctaersm;udk &Si;f vif;ajym=um;jcif;/ o±kyaf zmfypH rH sm;ESiw hf ifjyjcif;rsm; jyKvyk yf gonf? ‚tjyif u&if'u k o Q nfpcef;rS touf(10)ESpt f ±G,&f dS aemfrmav;0g;u “rdrw d @kd a'oonf rD;r&S/d aq;0g;r&Sad =umif;/ uav;jzpfonft h av#muf oli,f csi;f rsm;ESihf upm;csiaf =umif;tjyif rdr}d u;D vmv#if olemðyjzpfcsi+f y;D / rdrad 'o. aq;0g;r&Sjd cif;tajctaea=umihf rdrad 'o. wk;d wuf&mwd;k wufa=umif; aq; 0g;vkaH vmufpmG &Sad p&ef &nf±, G cf su&f adS =umif;æ”udk AD'G , D w kd w d af cGjzifh *syefpm

wrf;xd;k um jyoxm;ygonf? tqdyk gyo GJ @kd *syefEikd if t H ajcpku d f u&iftrsK;d om;rsm;tzJ@G (KNL-JP)rS oGm; a&mufy;l aygi;f um u&ifbmomjzifh ajymqdo k nfrsm;udk udak pmbvSoed ;f ESihf ya&m*surf efae*sm tudqefw@kd rS *syefbmomjzifh &Si;f vif;ajym=um;ygonf? nae 6;00 em&DwiG f NGO PAVILION VILLAGE EXIbitionY udk apmbvSoed ;f rS wkid ;f &if;om;aoG;csi;f nDaemifawGxrJ mS yxrtrsm;qH;k jzpfwhJ u&ifwikd ;f &if;om;rsm; vGecf w hJ hJ 57 ESpaf usmu f pI vlrsK;d a&;cJG jcm;cH&jcif; ta=umif;/ jynfe,f&&Sad &;ESihf z'&,frt l a=umif;ESihf e,fpyfa'o&Sd u&if'u k Q onfpcef;wGif zGifhvSpfxm;aom uav;ausmif;udpPrsm;ta=umif;wdk@udk tus,w f 0if&h iS ;f vif;ajym=um;ygonf?(ay;yd@k ol-aemfav;azmfrif;KNL-JP) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

12

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

13

use;f rma&;aqmif;yg;

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1990 jynfEh pS f a±G;aumufyw GJ iG f tEdik &f cJah om NLDudk

tm%mrv$aJ y;bJ [dv k v kd dk 'Dvv kd kd a,mif awmifaygifawmif vkyfaeonfrSm 15 ESpf&Sday+yD? 1990 jynfEh pS u f touf(20)&So d rl mS ,QK(35)ESp/f (55)ESp&f o dS rl mS (70)ESpf wif;wif;jynfu h ek =f u+y?D a&Sr› SD aemufrSD 'Dru kd a&pDbufawmfom;}u;D rsm; uG,v f eG f ol uG,v f eG u f ek =f u+y?D 'Dru kd a&pDbufawmfom;rsm; tdo k mG ;atmif 15 ESppf mudk &if;pm;jyef&atmif/ jyef vnfEyk sKv d ef;qef;vmatmif Tpmudak &;om;yg.? u|Eykf w f @kd vlom;wd@k . use;f rma&;/ touf&n S f a&;wd@k udk uH/ pdw/f Owk/ tm[m&wd@k u ðyjyif.? xdk txJrS u|Eykf w f @kd ae@pOfpm;oH;k aom tm[m&wd@k udk enf;vrf;rSeu f efpmG pm;oH;k rnfqykd gu tdjk cif;/ emjcif; udk tvdt k avsmuf wm;qD;Edik af yrnf? ,QKazmfjyrnfh tm[m±oH;k enf;rSm acwfrw DS ;kd wufaom Edik if }H u;D rsm;wGif okawoeðy+y;D awG@&Sd csufrsm;jzpfonf? ,Hk,Hk=unf=unftoHk;ðyygu toufom }u;D oGm;rnf? ud, k cf E<mrSm EkysKv d ef;qef; vsuf &Sad yvdrrhf nf? rtd&k atmif rnfo@kd vky&f rnfenf;qdv k sif tdjk cif; ta=umif;udk odz@kd vd. k ? tdjk cif;ta=umif;&if; ,lq csut f rsK;d rsK;d &So d nht f euf t"duusonhf ta=umif; &if; ,lqcsurf mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf? cE<mud, k w f iG f ZD0±ky/f jzpfysuaf jymif;vJjcif;a=umifh ab;xGuyf pPn;f rsK;d pHk xGuv f m.? xdak b;xGuyf pPn;f wd@k onf cE<mud, k &f q dS v J rf sm;/ wpfo#L;rsm;/ t*Fgrsm; udk tqdyt f awmufjzpfap.? xd@k a=umifh xdt k qdyt f awmufrsm;udk rjzpfapbJ jzpfay:+y;D tqdyt f awmufw@kd udk acszsuEf ikd yf gu a&m *gtjzpfenf;rnf? tdrk if;&ifah &mf jcif;aES;auG;rnf? a&m *guif;+y;D EkysKv d ef;qef;om tjzpfo@kd a&mufrnf? xd@k a=umihf touf}u;D vmonfEiS hf jzpfvmavh&adS om a&m*grsm;(Oyrm-ESv;kH a&m*g/ aoG;a=umydwaf &m*g/ OD;aESmufysupf ;D ,d, k iG ;f jcif;/ ausmufuyf/ tonf; ponfha&m*grsm;/ qD;csKda&m*g/ tqpfa&mifa&m*g ponhfponfhrsm;)udk umuG,f&ef atmufygenf; vrf;ESpo f , G u f kd vku d ef moifah yonf? ‚wd@k rSm(1) pm;oihfaomtpmudkpm;+yD; rpm;oifhaom tpmudk a&Smifjcif;/ (2) aq;0g;rS0D jJ cif; wd@k jzpfonf? cE<mud, k t f iftm;"gw&f ap&efpm;aom upD"gwf tjzpf/ qef *sKH ajymif;wd@k udk pm;&mwGif wufEikd o f r# obm0ESiehf ;D pyfaom tpmrsm;udo k m pm;oifo h nf? qefv;kH ndK/ vH;k wD;qefponfw@kd jzpfonf? upD"gwt f wGuf ,QKacwftoifðh yvkyx f m;aom tcsKd&nfykvif;rsm;/ o=um;/ aumzif;(caffeine)

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"gwyf g0ifaom tcsK&d nfrsm;udk a&Smifoifo h nf? tom;"gwt f wGuf yJEiS ihf g;onf taumif;qH;k jzpf onf? trJom;/ 0ufom;wd@k rpm;bJaeav aumif; avjzpf.? ig;wGiv f nf; TUNA(*syeftac:rm*l±dk)/ SARDINE (*syeftac:tD0g;&Sd)/ ig;uGif;&Syfponf wd@k udk pm;oifah yonf? tpdr;f vwf vwfpm;Edik af v tm[m&wefz;kd ydrk sm;avjzpf.? yJwiG f yJyw k o f nf taumif;qH;k jzpf.? yJyw k af ph twdik ;f aomf‚/ wd@k [l;tjzpfEiS ahf omf‚ pm;oH;k Edik f onf? *syefw@kd onf urBmay:wGif usm;a&mryg t ouf&SnfqHk;aomvlrsKd;jzpf.? usm;a&mryg y#rf;r# oufwrf; (80)ausm&f o dS nf? *syefw@kd t"du ae@pOf pm;oH;k aomtpmrSm wd@k [l;ESihf ig;tpdr;f wd@k jzpf.? tqD E S i f h y gwf o uf I ‘qD y g&if v$ p mawmif aumif;’[lI u|Eykf w f @kd i,fi,fu =um;bl;onf? jref rmwd@k onf qDukd tjrwfwEd;k xm;I pm;=uonf? *syefw@kd onf wwfEikd o f avmuf qDa&Smif=uonf? *syefEiS jhf refrmwd@k uGmjcm;csuaf ywnf;? trSerf mS qDudk tenf;i,fom pm;oH;k oifo h nf? pm;&rnhq f t D rsK;d tpm;rSmvnf; ‘oHviG q f ’D / ‘ESr;f qD’/ ‘ae=umqD’/ ‘ig;tqD’/ ‘yJq’D wd@k jzpfonf? urBmay:&Sd rnfonfEh ikd if w H iG rf S ‘pm;tH;k qD’udk qDtjzpf pm;onf [k r=um;bl;ay? wd;k wuf aomEdik if rH sm;wGif pm;tH;k qDpm;onf[k r=um;rod&acs? pm;oH;k &efroifah omtqDw@kd rSm ‘0uftqD’/ ‘trJ qD’/ ‘axmywf’/ ‘rm*s&if;’ESihf tylay;xm;aomqD rsm;(qdv k o kd nfrmS qDa=umfrek @f rsm;)jzpf=uonf? a&ESiyhf gwo f ufI rnfonf"h gwrf #ryg0ifaoma& (a&oef@oufouf)onf taumif;qH;k jzpf.? xdak & oef@onf cE<mud, k w f iG ;f &Sd tqdyt f awmufrsm;udk o,faqmif&mwGif taumif;qH;k jzpf.? ,QKtcg a& oef@oufoufr[kwfbJ a&oef@Al;rsm;wGif owWK "gwt f enf;i,fpx D x hJ m;onf? ‚udv k nf; use;f rm a&;twGuf aomufo;kH Edik yf g.? wcsK› Ed ikd if rH sm;wGif prf;a&/ awmifusa&rsm;udk rðy jyifbJ a&oef@bl;tjzpf a&mif;cs=u.? ‚udv k nf; aomufo;kH Edik yf g.? bHb k ikd af &udk ,lraomufo;kH oifh ay? ‚wGif uvd&k if;/ yvlt&kd if;"gww f @kd yg0ifojzifh rtd&k eftwGurf _ aomuf&efroifah y? owWK"gwfESifhygwfoufIrl atmufygta&;}uD; aom owWK"gwrf sm;udk rjzpfrae pm;oH;k oifyh gonf? qdk'D,rf/ ydkuufqD,rf/ u,fvfqD,rf/ oH"gwf/ r*~eq D , D rf/ q,fveD , D rf/ c±drk , D rfw@kd jzpfonf? jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;rSm qd'k , D rfvo kd nfrmS r&Sv d aS y? od@k aomf ac|;tvGex f u G af om &moDwiG f ac|;ESit hf wl rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

qd'k , D rfygxu G o f mG ;ojzifh ºuufwufjcif;/ rl;vJjcif; rsm; jzpfwuf&m yljyif;aom&moDwiG f a&aEG;=urf;udk qm;acwfaomufoifah yonf? ydw k ufq, D rfenf;v#if ºuufwufjcif;/ ESv;kH ckef rrSejf cif;rsm; jzpfwwfojzifh ydw k ufq, D rf"gwrf sm; yg 0ifaom vufqwfonfo h ;D ESrH sm;udk pm;oifah yonf? u,fvq f , D rf"gwyf g0ifaom EGm;Ed/k t±d;k ðywfa&/ ig;uav;rsm;/ ykZeG u f av;rsm;udk pm;oifo h nf? oH "gwyf g0ifaom =uufaoG;/ bJaoG;/ [if;EkE, G ±f u G /f uefZeG ;f ±Gupf onfw@kd udk oH"gw&f &Sad &;twGuf pm; oifah yonf? txufygowWK"gww f @kd rSm cE<mud, k t f wGuf tajccHvt kd yfaom "gwrf sm;jzpfayonf? xdk tajccH"gwfrsm; rjynfhpHkbJ rtdkatmif rematmif vkyI f rxda&mufEikd af y? qufvufazmfjyrnfh r*~eq D , D rf/ q,fveD , D rf ESifh c±dkrD,rfwdk@rSm rtdka&;twGuf ta&;ygaom owWK"gww f @kd jzpfonf? r*~eq D , D rfukd ae@pOf 200 rS 300mgpm;ay;ygu tdrk if;jcif;udk wm;qD;,Hrk u aoG;aygiu f sjcif;/ ESv;kH a&m*guu kd muG,af y;jcif;/ qD;csKad &m*gukd umuG,f ay;jcif; ponft h usK;d xl;rsm;udk &ygvrd rhf nf? r*~eq D D ,rfyg0ifaom tpmrsm;rSm taph tqefrsm;jzpfonf (Oyrm- tJvrf eG af ph/ Am'efaph/ tcHrG moD;wd@k .taph tqefrsm;) u,fveD , D rf. tusK;d tmedoifrsm; uifqma&m *gumuG,af y;jcif;/ ESv;kH a&m*gumuG,jf cif;/ ud, k cf H tm;wd;k apjcif;/ tdrk if;&ifah &mfjcif;udk wm;qD;ay;jcif; wd@k jzpfonf? tdrk if;jcif;udk umuG,&f efae@pOf 400 mgudk pm;oifa h yonf? obm0tpmrsm;rSm taph tqefrsm;/ =uufoeG jf zLESihf yifv,fpmrsm;jzpfonf? c±drk , D rf. tusK;d tmedoifrmS aoG;xJwiG f tcsKd "gwu f kd xde;f nda‡ y;jcif;/ aoG;xJ&dS 'kuaQ y;rnfh udv k uf pxa&mac: tqD"gwu f kd avsmu h sapjcif;ESihf ESv;kH a&m*gukd umuG,af y;jcif;wd@k jzpfonf? c±drk , D rfyg0if aom tpm;tpmrsm;rSm ðiyfaumif;(trJ)/ *&dwzf ±k/ vdarRmo f ;D ESihf yef;a*:zDtpdr;f a&mifw@kd jzpfonf? aq; taeESiphf m;v#irf l 200mgpm;v#if tdrk if;jcif;udk wm; qD;ayonf? tcsKyftm;jzifhqdk&v#if wae@wmpm;oHk;aom tpmwGif xrif;(od@k )*sKx H u G f tpmrsm;/ yJtrsK;d rsK;d teufrS wckc(k yJyyk t f aumif;qH;k )/ qDtaeESihf oH vGiq f /D ESr;f qD/ ig;qD/ ae=umqDwrsK;d rsK;d / oef@&Si;f aoma&/ vwfqwfaomoD;ESt H rsK;d rsK;d / taphtqH trsK;d rsK;d wd@k r#wpGmyg0ifoifah yonf? xdt k pm;tpmrsK;d pHk rpm;oH;k Edik yf gu oifw h ifah om pmrsufEmS 6 od@k

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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pmtkyftrnfvlaer_ywf0ef;usi k a f &;vufpp JG mtkyf usiff aexdi jzef‹csd&mÏmehf &Smufa&; vkyi f ef;ÏmecsKyf pmifa 'kuo Q nfu,fq,fapmi (tm&SEdki i f ';&Si ;f ) ynma&;azmifa f o H m;rsm; vlrz _ v l a kH &;ESi hf ynma&;azmi 1979 ckEpS w f iG f pwifwnfaxmifcahJ om 'kuo Q nfu,fq,fapmifah &Smufa&; vkyif ef;XmecsKyo f nf *syeftpd;k &. wm0efay;csut f & tif'ckd sKid ;f em;u|e;f qG,af 'o oH;k Edik if rH S 'kuo Q nfrsm; a&&Snjf yefvnfxal xmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyaf qmifay;cJo h nf? *syeftpd;k &onf 2002 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f wGif 1951 ckEpS f ‘'kuo Q nfueG Af if;&Si;f ’ay: tajccH+y;D 'kuo Q nftjzpf tod trSwðf y aexkid cf iG &hf &So d rl sm;/ rdom;pkrsm;udk *syefEikd if H vlaer_tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;wGif o[Zmwjzpfap&ef &nf±, G u f m tjynfjynfqdkif&m u,fq,fapmifha&Smufa&;pifwm zGifhvSpfI *syefbmomoif=um;a&;/ tvkyftudkif&&Sda&; ponfw@kd udk tultnDay;cJo h nf? H m; 'kuo Q nfu,fq,fapmifah &Smufa&; vkyif ef;ÏmecsKy(f Refugee Assistance Headquarters)tm&SEikd if o rsm; vlrz_ v l akH &;ESihf ynma&;azmifa';&Si;f rS jrefrmEdik if o H m; 'kuo Q nfrsm; *syefEikd if w H iG f aexdik af &;twGuf vkt d yfaom ‘vlaer_ywf0ef;usif aexdik af &; vufppGJ mtky’f udk *syef-jrefrm ESpb f momjzifh xyfrjH yifqifxw k af 0xm;a=umif; od&ygonf? TvufppJG mtkyu f kd toH;k ðyI *syefEikd if EH iS hf oufqikd o f nfh aexdik pf m;aomufa&;/ vlrb _ 0&yfwnfa&; tqifajyap &ef &nf±, G I f &Si;f vif;a&;om;xm;onf? *syefEikd if . H trsK;d rsK;d aom pepfrsm;/ oufrw S cf surf sm;udk em;vnfoabm aygu+f y;D ydrk w kd u d sonfh tcsut f vuf ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk od&u dS m *syefEikd if w H iG f b0&yfwnfa&;twGuf at;csr;f pGm vkyu f ikd af exkid o f mG ;Edik &f efEiS hf wdik yf ifaqG;aEG;vdak om tcsut f vufrsm;&Syd guvnf; óuwifta=umif;=um;p&mrvdk bJ ar;jref;Edik af =umif; trSmpmwGif a&;xm;onfukd awG@&onf? 'kuo Q nfcv kd c_H iG &hf +y;D olrsm;twGuf &nf±, G I f xkwaf 0jcif;jzpfaomvnf; 'kuo Q nfav#mufxm;olrsm;/ av#muf&efjyifqifaeolrsm;ESi/hf pdw0f ifpm;ol rnforl qdk vkt d yfygu atmufygzek ;f eHygw(f 03 3449 7015)od@k qufo, G I f awmif;,lrmS =um;Edik yf gonf? rdrv d yd pf may;ygu pmwdu k rf S yd@k ay;rnf[k od&ygonf? rnfo@kd yifjzpfap *syefpum;udk em;vnfow l OD;jzpfapumrl aqmifxm;oifah om pmtkyw f tkyt f jzpf &nf!e$ ;f vdu k &f ygonf?

*syefbmompum;oif=um;a&;ESifh *syefynma&;pepfta=umif; nd‡Edkif;aqG;aEG;yJG RHQrS usif;yðyvkyf *syefbmompum; aumif;pGmrajymwwfojzifh pdwq f if;&Jae&olrsm;/ tvkyt f udik &f mkS azG&mwGif tcuftcJawG@aeolrsm;/ *syefEikd if w H iG f wuUov kd af umvdyt f xf ynmoif=um;vko d rl sm;twGuf ndE‡ ikd ;f aqG;aEG;yJu G kd wum'gEb kd mbmwGif ZGev f ikd v f 31 &uf/ 2005 ckEpS f rGev f GJ 1;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd ‘'kuo Q nfu,fq,fapmifh a&Smufa&; vkyif ef;ÏmecsKy(f Refugee Assistance Headquarters)tm&SEikd if o H m;rsm; vlrz_ v l akH &;ESihf ynma&;azmifa';&Si;f ’rS OD;pD;I usi;f yjyKvyk cf yhJ gonf? tqdyk gnE‡d ikd ;f aqG;aEG;yJwiG f tjynfjynfqikd &f m'kuo Q nfrsm; ulnaD pmifah &Smufa&;pifwmta=umif; odaumif;p&mrsm;/ *syefynmoif=um;a&;pepfqikd &f m vrf;!$eEf iS hf ulnaD xmufyrHh r_ sm;/ *syefbmompum;ESihf ywfoufonfh odaumif;p&mrsm;/ tvkyt f udik &f mS azGa&;vrf;!$eEf iS hf *syefbmompum; oif=um;a&;vrf;!$erf sm;udk wufa&mufvmolrsm;ESihf &if;ES;D yGiv hf if;pGm ndE‡ ikd ;f aqG;aEG;aqmif±u G cf ahJ =umif;od&&dS ygonf? xl;jcm;csuw f ckrmS tqdyk gyu GJ kd OD;pD;usi;f yðyvkycf ahJ omtzG@J onf ,cifu *syeftpk;d &rS 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ycHxm;&olrsm;twGuo f m &nf±, G I f ðyvkycf jhJ cif;jzpfaomfvnf;/ ,cktcgwiG f 'kuo Q nftjzpf av#mufxm;qJvrl sm;udyk g *syefbmompum; oif=um;ay;rnf[v k nf; od&&dS ygonf? tao;pdyo f v d ykd gu 03 5792 5207/ 03 3449 7016/ 0120 090 091 od@k qufo, G af r;jref;Edik af =umif;od&ygonf? (ausmfEikd f MTK)

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

15

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd t f wGuf aiGa-u;vSLwef;cJ-h uolrsm;pm&if;ESihf ,cifvoH;k pJcG ahJ om aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;xkwjf yefcsu?f

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6000(ajcmufaxmif,ef;wdw)d 6400(ajcmufaxmifah v;&m,ef;) 22500(ESpaf omif;ESpaf xmifig;&m,ef;wdw)d 34900(oH;k aomif;av;axmifu;kd &m,ef;)

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229222(ESpq f ,fEh pS af omif;ud;k axmifEpS &f mESpq f ,fEh pS , f ef;)

Izumibashi Law Office

ae&majymif;

Yotsuya Station

New office

JR-Chuo or Sobu Line Subway-Marunouchi Line/ Nanboku Line 3~5 Min on foot

4th FL, Yotsuya 1 chome West Building, 1-18-6 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004 Tel:03 5312 7826,03 5312 4817/ Fax: 03 5312 4543

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

16

*syef v³0³u Oya'opfta-umif;

topfajymif;vJjyifqifvdkufonfh 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;qdik &f m pepfopfta-umif; ed'ge;f 2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f (2)&ufae@u xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nfh vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;ESihf 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;Oya'wGif az:jyygavh&o dS nfh vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf; wpdww f ydik ;f udk jyifqifonhf Oya'/ Oya'trSwf 73§2004 onf 2005 ckEpS /f arv(16)&ufae@u pwiftouf0ifvm+yD jzpfygonf? txufazmfjyyg jyifqifru _ 1982 ckEpS rf S pwifusio fh ;kH cJo h nfh 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;pepfukd odoo d mom ajymif;vJomG ;aprnfjzpfonft h jyif ‚ jyifqifru _ 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf y&ef av#mufxm;vmonfh w&m;r0ifaexdik af eonfh Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;. w&m;Oya'a&;&m tqift h wef;udk wnf+ird af p±Ho k m ru 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;qdik &f m vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;udv k nf; r#wr_&adS pvsuf bufvu kd rf u _ if;aprnfjzpfonf?

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'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ycH&+y;D ol w&m;r0ifEikd if jH cm;om;rsm;. w&m;Oya'a&;&mtqift h wef;udk wnf+ird af pjcif; 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwfðy&ef av#mufxm;vmonfh w&m;r0ifaexkdifaeonfh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;ESifh ywfouf+yD; w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeu ,if;wdk@. w&m;Oya'a&;&m tqifhtwef; apmpD;pGm wnf+idrfap&eftvdk@Xm 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwf ðyrðyESifh ,m,DaexdkifcGifhay;ray;wdk@udk wòyifeufxJ qHk;jzwfay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif w&m;r0ifaexdkifaeonfh EdkifiHjcm;om;onf 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwfðycH&t+yD; atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh owfrw S cf surf sm;ESiv hf nf; udu k n f yD gu ,if;wd@k tm; ,m,Daexdik cf iG o hf mru wqufwnf; a&&Snrf w SD if;aexdik cf iG u hf ykd g ay;tyfrnfjzpfonf? tu,fI atmufwGifazmfjyyg oufrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDjcif;r&Sdonfhwdkif w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeu csifhcsdefpOf;pm;+yD; txl;aexdkifcGifhudk ay;Edkifp&m tvm;tvm&Sad yonf? 1? av#mufxm;olwOD;onf *syefEikd if t H wGi;f od@k 0ifa&mufct hJ +y;D (6)vxufrydak om tcsdet f wGi;f 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ycH&a&;av#mufvm$ 3 wifoiG ;f +y;D ol jzpf&rnf? 2? av#mufxm;vmolwOD;onf ta&;,ltjypfay;cH&Edik o f nf[k cdik v f akH om pd;k &drzf , G t f a=umif;&So d nfah 'orS *syefEikd if o H @kd wdu k ±f u kd v f moljzpf&rnf?4 3? av#mufxm;vmolwOD;onf Edik if &H if;ok@d jyefy@kd cH&a&;twGuf ta&;,lc&H &ef oD;jcm;ta=umif;r&So d l jzpf&rnf? 4?*syefEikd if o H @kd 0ifa&mufvm+y;D aemuf pJcG sufwpHw k &ma=umifh &mZowf}u;D (od@k ) tjcm;yk'rf jzifh tvkyEf iS (hf od@k )tvkyrf hJ axmif'%ftjypfay; pD&ifc&H jcif; r&Sb d ;l oljzpf&rnf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

17

*syef v³0³u Oya'opfta-umif;

toem;cHonfph epfukd jyefvnfqef;ppfjcif;? 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;qdik &f m vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;udk ydrk rkd #wr_&adS pv#uf bufvu kd rf u _ if;ap&ef toem;cHpm wifoiG ;f vmonft h cg ppfaq;onfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;wGif 'kuQonfppfaq;a&; twdkifyifcHrsm;udk wwd,tzJG@tjzpf cef@tyfxnfhoGif;rnfjzpfygonf? ,ckrSpwif+yD; 'kuQonfppfaq;a&; twd k i f y if c H r sm;. xif j rif , l q csuf r sm;ud k =um;em+yD ; aemuf w&m;a&;0ef } uD ; u 'k u Q o nf t jzpf tod t rS w f ð y&ef jiif ; y,f r _ u d k uef @ uG u f o nf h uef@uGucf suEf iS yhf wfouf+y;D qk;H jzwfcsuf csrw S rf nfjzpfonf? 'kuQonfppfaq;a&;twdkifyifcHrsm;onf toem;cHcsufudk ppfaq;onfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;twGif; toem;cHolESifh ppfaq;olwdk@u wifjyvmonfh xifjrifcsurf sm;udk apmif=h unhaf vhvmjcif;jzif‚ h / wdu k ±f u kd =f um;emjcif;jzif‚ h / tao;pdyaf r;cGe;f rsm; ar;jref;jcif;jzif‚ h / wufºupGm yg0ifEikd rf nfjzpfonf? 'kuo Q nf ppfaq;a&; twdik yf ifcrH sm;ud-k (1) ta=umif;t&mtcsut f vufrsm;udk ydik ;f jzwf&mwGif tawG@tñuºH u,f0aom Oay'ynm&Sirf sm;/ (2) oHwrefvyk if ef; vkyaf qmifcb hJ ;l olrsm;/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; vkyaf qmifcb hJ ;l olrsm;/ Edik if jH cm;owif;axmufrsm;/ tjynfjynfqikd &f m Edik if aH &;ynm&Sirf sm;/ ukvor*~EiS hf ywfoufonfh tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifb;l olrsm;uJo h @dk aom a'oqdik &f mtajctaersm;ESihf tu|r;f w0if&o dS rl sm;/ (3) tjynfjynfqikd &f mOya'/ Edik if jH cm;Oya'/ tkycf sKyaf &;rsm;ESihf ywfouf+y;D em;vnfwufu|r;f olrsm;jzifh yg0ifz@GJ pnf;xm;rnf jzpfygonf?

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'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf y&ef av#mufvm$ wifoiG ;f jcif;

'kuo Q nfppfaq;a&; t=uaH y;tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf wdik yf ifaqG;aEG;jcif; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

18

&SeD m*g0ESihf tDbm&mcdv 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o hf rH sm;

topfajymif;vJjyifqifvudk of nfh Oya'opfta-umif; jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;tm; NPOrS &Sif;vif;yJGjyKvkyf arSmifaewJhurBmrSm qdu k a&;wD;pf[m zefr;D tdrq f +GJ y;D trSew f &m;&SmazGcw hJ ,fv@kd ajymawmh w[m;[m;eJ@æ rif;wd@k pmawGzwf+y;D ±l;aewmygwæ hJ

2005 ckEpS f arv 16 &ufae@rSpI vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;ESihf 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;qdik &f m vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf; wpdww f ykid ;f udk jyifqifajymif;vJusio hf ;kH vmaeonfh Oya'opfta=umif;udk jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm; em;vnfo&d adS p&eftwGuf NPO(Non Profit Organization)rS OD;pD;I ZGev f ikd v f 3 &uf(we*FaEG)ae@ f nae 6;00 em&DrS n 9;00 em&Dtxd Shinjuku Recycle Center 4 wGif &Si;f vif;yJw G &yfukd usi;f yjyKvyk f ay;cJhygonf?

vl@b0qdw k m tepP/ 'ku/Q tewWygv@dk ajymawmh [dw k avmuawmif Ak'*< g,oGm;cJah o;w,fwæ hJ ,ltefe@J tar&duefukd ra=umufz;l vm;vd@k +crd ;f ajcmufawmh jrefrmh±;kd &m*rd&B ynm rif;em;rvnfao;ygwæ hJ (±l;a=umifa=umift=unhEf iS hf =unfah jymjcif;) w0ke;f 0ke;f eJ@ Ake;f awGuw GJ m b,fo@l vufcsuv f v J @kd ar;awmh usnw f awmifEh iS hf iSuEf pS af umifypfwehJ nf;wJæ h (&ufpufaomrsuv f ;kH rsm;ESi=hf unhaf jymjcif;) &ufpuf,w k rf mvScsn;f vm;vd@k vufnK‡ ;d aiguaf igux f ;kd +y;D ajymawmh igeh zl;rSm olawmfaumif;vd@k pmra&;xm;bl;wJæ h trsK;d om;nDvmcH b,fawmh+y;D rvJv@kd ar;awmh rif;æ awmfawmfwek ;f wJah umifygvm;wJæ h tarpkukd b,fawmhvw $ rf vJv@kd ar;awmh azazmf0g&D oH;k q,fw h pfwæ hJ

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tqdyk gOya'topft& ‘1982 ckEpS rf S pwifusiho f ;kH cJo h nfh 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;pepfukd odoo d mom ajymif;vJomG ;aprnfjzpfonft h jyif ‚ jyifqifru _ 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf y&ef av#muf xm;vmonfh w&m;r0ifaexdik af eonfh Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;. w&m;Oya'a&;&m tqift h wef;udk wnf+ird af p ±Ho k mru 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwðf ya&;qdik &f m vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;udv k nf; r#wr_&adS pvsuf bufvu kd rf _ uif;aprnfjzpfonf’[k azmfjyxm;aomfvnf; vufawG@wGif ydrk w kd if;usyv f mjcif;om jzpfonf[k a&Sa› ersm; tzG@J rS qlqu l ;D qefu &Si;f vif;ajym=um;cJyh gonf? xd@k tjyif 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufxm;olrsm;tm; ppfaq;aepOftwGi;f ,m,DtmrcHaexdik cf iG hf 3 vxkwf ay;aeaomfvnf; tvkyv f yk cf iG rhf &Sjd cif;/ wdu k sKòd r@jyifo@kd xGuaf &mufciG rhf &Sjd cif;wd@k a=umifh ajccsKyo f abmrsK;d jzpf um 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwrf ðycH&ygu rdcifEidk if &H if;od@k jyefy@kd cH&rnfjzpfonf?(tao;pdyt f csut f vuf rsm;udk pmrsuEf mS 16/ 17 wGif =unh±f E_ ikd yf gonf) armif&iS (f bm;rm;rD', D mowif;axmuf)

a=omfæ Adv k ±f y_ q f ;kd &,f cifAsm;&J@o±ky/f cifAsm;tajymud=k unh+f y;D vl=urf;qdw k m 'gygvm;vd@k awG;aerdw,fæ vl=urf;Zwfaqmif tu,f'rDuawmh Edik if w H um w&m;±H;k bJ Adv k ±f y_ q f ;kd a&æ

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

19

Moe Thauk Kye Journal &SeD m*g0ESihf tDb&cdv 0 u tusO;f pcef;rS &Jabmfrsm;. &ifziG o hf rH sm;

*syeftpd;k &vufatuf&Sd v0u tusOf;axmifwcktwGif; rS xGufvm_yD; 15 &ufajrmufae‹wGif aoqH;k oGm;cJ&h aom jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDa&;v+yf&Sm;olwOD;ESifhywfoufI xkwfjyefa-ujimcsuf?

-Patrick Hla Shein arG;ouU&mZf 1949 ckEp S f / ZEM0g&v D (6)&uf / touf (56)ESpjf zpfoo l nf jrefrmEdik if 'H rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;r_twGuf vuf¶*dS syefEikd if YH ‚wwfu|r;f aom *syefpum;/ pmaywd@k jzifh wwyfwtm; yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;yHyh ;kd ay;aeaom/ vl@tcGit hf a&;udk av;pm;wefz;kd xm;wwfaom olwOD;jzpfayonf? -‚onf *syefEikd if o H @kd (15)&uf/ (6)v/ 1982 ckEpS w f iG f w&m;0ifAZD mjzifah &muf¶v dS mcJ+h y;D &Spf av;vH;k ta&;awmfy[ kH ak c:wGiaf om 1988 ckEpS f jrefrmEdik if 'H rD u kd a&pD a&;v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f *syefEikd if YH pwifvy_ &f mS ;yg0ifvmcJo h v l nf; jzpfayonf? -xkyd *k Kd~ vo f nf (2003 ckEpS f 10 v &uf) rS (2005 ckEpS f 6 v 30 &uf)ae@txd *syefEikd if t H pd;k &vufatmuf&dS (v0u)xde;f odr;f a&;tusO;f pcef;Y xde;f odr;f jcif;udk cHc&hJ ayonf? tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh vaygi;f (20)udk w&m;r#wr_r&Spd mG ausmv f eG jf zwfoef;ay;qyfc&hJ onf? -tusO;f pcef;rS ,m,Dvw G v f yfciG &hf &SI d tus,cf sKyb f 0jzifh aexdik cf iG &hf um &ufaygi;f 15 &uft=um 2005 ckEpS f 7 v 15 &ufae@/ ae@vnf 11 em&D 20 rdepfwiG f aetdrd Yf ¶kww f &ufvu J s toufq;kH ¶_;H r_ukd rar#mv f ifb h J u|Eyfk w f @kd cHpm;awG@ñu&H ayonf? -rdrw d @kd onf *syefEikd if &H dS (v0u)xde;f odr;f a&;tusO;f pcef;toD;oD;Y vlom;wdik ;f t"duta&;}u;D aom usrmR a&;udprP t S pjyKI vlom;qdik &f mvlrt _ cGit hf a&;rsm; tm; wif;usypf mG csKyu f ikd jf cif;rsm;udk ud, k af wG@cHpm;cJ=h uolrsm;jzpfayonf? -ADZm&ufausmv f eG rf o _ nf &mZ0wfrw _ ckr[kw[ f k ,H=k unfygonf? v0u Oya'csKd ;azgurf w _ ck[k qdyk gaomfvnf; tb,fa=umifh xdk Oya'udk csKd ;azgu&f onfukd rdrw d @kd tygt0if jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDta&; v_y¶f mS ;aeolrsm;rS oufqikd &f mXme toD;oD;od@k zGi[ hf 0efcH xGuq f x kd m;=uonfukd oufqikd &f mrsm;u od¶=dS u+y;D jzpfayonf? -trdjrefrmEdik if w H iG f zufqpfpepftoGif ppftpd;k &ajymif;vJ+y;D ppfreS af om 'Dru kd a&pDv@l abmifopfwck ay:ayguaf &;twGuf vlrsKd ;/ bmom/ touft¶G,rf a¶G; tm;vH;k aom v_y&f mS ;aeolrsm;tm; vl@tcGit hf a&;tm; av;pm;vku d ef mygonf/ wefb;kd xm;ygonf[k aºu;a=umfaeaom *syeftpd;k &Xmewckjzpfaom (v0u)onf tb,fah =umifh rdrw d @kd tm; ESp&f n S v f rsm;pGm csKyaf ESmifxm;cJjh cif;/ qufvufcsKyaf ESmifxm;jcif;rsm;udk OD;aESmuf&o dS w l ikd ;f em;rvnfEikd pf mG &Sad e=uygonf? -txufygvyk af qmifcsurf sm;a=umifh zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;onf pdwzf pd ;D r_'%frsm;/ ud, k cf E<mc|w, f iG ;f r_ a&m*gtrsKd ;rsKd ;udk vufawG@trSecf pH m;=u&ayonf? xdo k @kd jzpf&jcif;rsm;onfvnf; (v0u)tusO;f pcef;wGi;f &Sd usrmR a&;ESiyhf wfoufI xda&mufpmG ukor_r&Sad oma=umifjh zpfayonf? -tusO;f pcef;wGi;f Y oaE<wnfI pwif}u;D xGm;vmaom a&m*grsm;onf jyifyod@k ,m,Dvw G v f yfciG ahf c:aom ajccsKyb f 0 pwifaexdik +f y;D r=umcifumvrsm;rSmyif ayguu f yJG supf ;D I toufq;kH ¶_;H &onfrmS ,QKvufawG@jzpf&yfreS [ f k ,H=k unf=uygonf? -touft¶G,t f m;jzif}h u;D &ifrh /_ &mZ0wfjypfr_ usL;vGejf cif;r&Sad om ynmwwfvo l m;wOD; 'Dru kd a&pDta&;v_y¶f mS ;r_ukd Om%tm;jzifh yHyh ;kd aeaom yk*Kd~ vo f nf ,ckuo hJ @kd qH;k ¶_;H oGm;cJ&h jcif;tay:Y (v0u)rS tpjyKI oufqikd &f mXmetoD;oD;u rnfuo hJ @kd jyefvnfay;qyfrnfukd odvykd gonf? -vlom;wOD; (v0u)xde;f odr;f a&;tusO;f pcef;rSxu G +f y;D (15)&uft=umwGif aoqH;k r_tay: rnfonft h &mjzifh tpm;xd;k ajz&Si;f ay;rnfenf;? -rdrw d @kd tygt0if jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDta&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;/ zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&aom &Jabmf&b J ufrsm;. vl@tcGit hf a&; qH;k ¶_;kH ae=u&r_rsm;udk urBmu h v k or*~vuf atmuf&dS vl@tcGit hf a&;qdik &f m Xmersm;rSaeI 0dik ;f 0ef;yHyh ;kd ay;apvdyk gonf? -vlom;wdik ;f rdrt d rsKd ;bmomudk wefb;dk xm;cspcf ifjrwfE;kd wwf=uonfukd em;vnf cHpm;ay;apcsiyf gonf? -tiftm;}u;D rm;r_ tm%m¶Sipf epfozG,f jyKrv l yk af qmifuikd w f , G af jz¶Si;f aeaom *syeftpd;k & vufatmuf v0u Xmersm;. vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk tjrefq;kH jyefvnfo;kH oyf+y;D w&m;r#wr_ukd tav; xm;apvdak =umif; awmif;qdyk gonf? v0u tusOf;pcef;toD;oD;rS &Jabmf&b J ufrsm;

rdwWLudk(1)w&ma&;0ef}u;D Xme/ (2)Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme/ (3)urBmu h v k or*~ 'kuo Q nfrsm;qdik &f m r[mrif;}u;D &H;k (UNHCR) (4)Edik if w H umvGw+f ird ;f csrf;omcGit hf zG@J (Amnesty International)/ (5)JAR ( Japan Association for Refugee) (6)*syef&dS Edik if w H umoH±;kH rsm;/ (7) *syefEikd if &H dS jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDtzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vH;k / (8) PFB (People forum for Burma) (9) *syefEikd if &H dS NGOtzG@J tpnf;rsm; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

20

Edik if w H umowif;rsm;

( Refers & Quoted from : Japan Times & Yahoo News )

Ð t*FvefEikd if H vef'efòrd‹wGif taocHA;kH azgufccJG o hJ rl sm;// vGefcJhaom Zlvdkifv(7) &ufae@wGif t*FvefEdkifiH/ vef'efòr@Y t=urf;zufAHk; azgucf cJG ahJ om w&m;cHrsm;udk t*Fvef&JwyfzGJ@rS pHkprf;ppf aq;r_rsm;ESit hf wl twnfðy 'Lindasay' 'Mohammad Khan' az:xkwEf ikd cf +hJ yD jzpfygonf? AH;k azgucf rJG r_ sm;udk =upH nf usL;vGecf o hJ rl sm;rSm t*Fvef EdkifiHwGif aexdkifvsuf&Sd=u onfh ygupPwefvrl sK;d -t*F vefEdkifiHom;(3)OD;ESifh *sar 'Hasib Hussain" "Shehzad Tanweer' umvlrsK;d -t*FvefEikd if o H m; (1)OD;wd@k jzpf+y;D ,if;(4)OD;pvH;k rSm omreft&yfom;vli,frsm;om jzpfayonf? olw@kd (4)OD;pvH;k onfvnf; xdAk ;kH azgucf cJG o hJ nfah e&mwGiyf if aoqH;k oGm;cJ=h u+yD jzpfav&m olw@kd .rdbrsm;rSmrl r,H=k unfEikd af tmifyif&adS e=u+y;D TAH;k azgucf rJG E_ iS hf ywfoufI rdbrsm;tygt0if &if;ES;D olreS o f rSs rnfo@l udrk t S odray;bJ vSsKd @0Supf mG jyKvyk o f mG ;cJ=h uonf[q k . kd / olw@kd (4)OD;tm; rnfou l aemufu, G rf S }uKd ;udik cf o hJ nfurkd l pHpk rf;ppfaq;aeqJ yifjzpfaomfvnf; urBm@t=urf;zuftzG@J }u;D "al-Qaeda"rS olw@kd .vufcsuf jzpfonf[k tifwmeufrw S qif(h xdAk ;kH rsm;uGcJ o hJ nfah e@rSmyif) a=ujimcJ+h y;D jzpfonf? od@k &mwGif cdik v f akH omoufaojycsurf sm;rSmrl ay:xGurf vmao;ay//

Ð "Chen Yonglin"tm;

-opaw;vsEikd if u H tjrJwrf;ae xdik cf iG Ahf ZD may;vdu k &f m w±kwEf ikd if u H a'golyek x f jcif;/ vGecf ahJ omZGev f (4)&ufae@wGif =opaw;vs Edik if w H iG f Edik if aH &;cdv k cH_ iG ahf wmif;cHco hJ nfh w±kwf Edik if o H ±H ;kH yxrtwGi;f 0ef 'Chen Yonglin' tm; =opaw;vsEikd if u H Zlvikd v f (14)&ufae@ wGif tjrw J rf;aexdik cf iG hf ADZmay;vdu k +f yjD zpfonf? w±kwEf ikd if EH iS q hf ufqaH &;rsm; xdcu kd Ef ikd o f nfh =um;rS ,ckvkd ol@tm; aexdik cf iG ahf y;vdu k jf cif;yif jzpfonf? rnfo@kd qdak p =opaw;vsEikd if 0H ef}u;D csKyf John Howardurl 'Chen Yonglin' tm; aexdik cf iG ahf y;vdu k jf cif;onf w±kwEf ikd if EH iS hf ESpEf ikd if q H ufqaH &;udk xdcu kd af prSmr[kwaf =umif; ajym=um;cJ+h y;D =opaw;vsEikd if . H vl0ifr}_ u;D =uyfa&;Xmeonf tckvq kd ;kH jzwfc&hJ P nf aoa&;&Siaf &;udpw P ckjzpfaeaom onfrSm 'Chen Yonglin'. udpo a=umifyh if jzpfonf[k qdck o hJ nf? w±kwEf ikd if u H rl xdu k pd u P kd uef@uGuv f u kd +f y;D 'Chen Yonglin'.ajymqdck hJ aom w±kwEf ikd if . H olvsS Kt d a,muf(1000)ausmf =opaw;vsEikd if w H iG f &Sad eonf qdjk cif;udv k nf; r[kwrf rSeaf =umif;jiif;qdck o hJ nf? =opaw;vsEikd if q H ikd &f m w±kwf Edik if o H t H rwf 'Fu Ying'url ,ckupd o P nf w&kwEf ikd if EH iS hf =opaw;vs Edik if w H @kd t=um; qufqaH &;rsm;udk xdcu kd af prSmr[kwaf =umif; xkwaf z:ajym=um;cJo h nf?

Ðqm'rf[pl ed . f &mZ0wfr+ tr+eyH gwf(1)udk w&m;±H;k awmfwiG f pwif pGv J u kd q f jkd cif;ESit hf wl tD&wfjynforl sm; t}urf;zufA;kH cGrJ r+ sm; wd;k yGg; vmrnfukd pd;k &draf e-u// ÐtD&wforwa[mif; qm'rf[pl ed . f usL;vGecf ahJ om &mZ0wfrr_ sm;teuf eHygw(f 1)tr_jzpfonfh 1982 ckEpS t f wGi;f &S, D mrGwf qvif±mG rsm;wGif t&yfom;rsm;udk tpkvu kd t f ðyH vdu k f owfco hJ nft h r_ukd Zlvikd v f (1)&ufae@wGif pwifw&m;pGq J v kd u kd +f yjD zpfonf? Ttjzpftysurf mS &S, D mrGwq f vifrsm;u 1982 ckEpS w f iG f orw[lped u f kd ratmifjrifchJ aom vky}f urH j_ zpfymG ;+y;D aemuf qm'rf[pl ed . f *vJph m; acsrw _ ck jzpfonf[q k . kd / rnfo@kd qdak p orwa[mif;[lped . f tr_rsm; w&m;&H;k wGipf wifvu kd o f nfEiS hf tnD jynforl sm;onf jynfwiG ;f olyek rf sm; aomif; =urf;aeonfh t=urf;zufrr_ sm; ydrk w kd ;kd yGm;vmum jynforl sm;aoqH;k r_w;kd yGm;vmrnfukd pd;k &draf e=uonf[q k . kd ? Zlvikd v f (1)&ufae@ u orwa[mif;[lped u f kd ±H;k xkwcf ahJ om w&m;±H;k awmf. wnfae&monf 'Baghdad'+rKd @pGe&f dS wcsed u f orw[lped . f eef;awmf wck. teD;wGijf zpfonf? ,cktcgwiG f Tae&monf 'Camp Victory'[k ac:wGif aom a'ojzpfonf/ w&m;ol}u;D csKyf 'Raed Jouhi'url Ttr_ukd vmrnf(h 45) &uftwGi;f t+y;D ppfaq;rnf[k ajym=um;vdu k yf gonf?

ÐruUqu D Ekd ikd if rH S Edik if aH usmv f q l ;kd }uD; Alfredo Rios Galeana udk zrf;rd_yD/ ÐruUqu D Ekd ikd if w H iG f b%frsm; udk "g;jywdu k &f mwGif emrnfausmf vlq;kd }u;D wOD;tjzpf vlord sm;vS aom Alfredo Rios Galeanaonf axmiftwGi;f rSaeI t}urd rf sm;pGm xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufcb hJ ;l olvnf;jzpfonf? aemufq;kH t}urd f axmifwiG ;f rS (1986)ckEpS w f iG f xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufc+hJ y;D aemuf ajc&maysmufomG ;cJ&h m tar&duef Edik if H avmhpt f ed *f s,fvpf+rKd @wGif Zlvikd v f (12)&ufae@wGirf S tar&duef&w J yfz@JG . tultnDEiS hf jyefvnfzrf;qD;Edik cf jhJ cif; jzponf? ‚onf ruUqu D Ekd ikd if H &Jwyfz@JG 0ifa[mif;wOD;jzpfovdk ruUqu D kd ppfwyfwiG f vnf; tr_xrf;cJb h ;l oljzpfonf? aemufq;kH t}urd f axmifrS xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufc+hJ y;D tar&duefEikd if w H iG f emrnfajymif;I ZwfjrKyaf ecJ&h mrS &Jwyfz@JG . axmufvrS ;f r_rsm;ESit hf wl cufcufccJ J jyefvnfzrf;qD;Edik cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? ,QKtcgwiG f tar&duefrS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u ol@tm;ruUqu D Ekd ikd if o H @kd jyefvnfvaJ$ jymif;ay;vdu k +f yjD zpfonf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

21

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

Edik if w H umowif;rsm;

Ð*syefEikd if . H umuG,af &;Oya'opfjyXgef;&eftwGuf vGwaf wmfwiG f rJct JG wnfjyKvdu k jf cif;/ *syefEikd if . H umuG,af &;ESihf oufqikd af om Oya'topfw&yf twGuf txufvw $ af wmfwiG f aom=umae@(22&uf)u rJcq JG ;kH jzwfc&hJ m 126rJ-94rJjzifh twnfjyKEikd cf +hJ yjD zpfonf/ xdOk ya'opft& ta&;ay:tajctaewGif umuG,f a&;0ef}u;D onf *syefEikd if t H wGi;f od@k 0ifa&mufvmaom 'H;k ys(H Missle)rsm;udk (v$waf wmfrv S nf;aumif;/ 0ef}u;D csKyx f rH S vnf;aumif;/ cGijhf yKcsu&f ,l&efrvdt k yfb)J ypfcsyikd cf iG &hf rdS nfh Oya'jzpfonf[q k . kd / *syefEikd if o H nf tdref ;D csi;f Edik if w H ckjzpfaom ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if . H tEW&m,fEiS yhf wfouf+y;D umuG,af &;tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyefvnfo;kH oyfaecJo h nf? EsLuvD;,m;ydik q f ikd o f l tdref ;D jcif; ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if rH yS pfvw $ v f u kd af om 'ballistic''ke;f usnw f pif; *syefEikd if aH & ydik ef uftwGi;f od@k 1998 ckEpS w f iG f usa&mufc+hJ y;D aemuf *syeftm%mydik w f @kd onf umuG,af &;twGuf tpDtpOfopfrsm; udk a&;qG=J uq H aecJ=h uawmhonf? tckvkd Oya'topfjyXge;f a&;rSmvnf; *syefEikd if t H wGuf r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfaom vdt k yfcsuw f ckjzpfonf[k ajyma&;qdk cGi&hf o dS u l xkwaf z:ajym=um;vdu k yf gonf? *syefEikd if /H umuG,af &;0ef}u;D 'Yoshinori Ono'uvnf; *syefEikd if t H wGi;f od@k 'keu f snw f ckck 0ifa&mufvmygu *syefEikd if H jynfov l x l . k touft;kd tdrf pnf;pdrrf sm;udk umuG,&f rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf vrf;ckvyfrmS wif tJ''D ek ;f usnu f kd ypfcs&rSmjzpfw,fv@kd ajym=um;vdu k yf gonf? od@k &mwGif tqdyk gOya't& ta&;ay:r[kwaf om omreftcsed rf sm;wGirf l vky±f ;kd vkypf Of tpDtpOfrsm;twdik ;f qufvufvyk u f ikd &f rSmjzpfonf[q k . kd ? *syef Edik if . H zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyyf t kH ajccHOya't& vufeuftiftm;}u;D rsm;udk rydik q f ikd &f [k qdx k m;aomfvnf; ,cktcgwiG f ajymif;vJaeaom urBm@tajctaersm;t& *syefEikd if o H nf ppftiftm;rsm;udk ,cifuxuf ydrk w kd ;kd jri‡ &hf ef vdv k m;vsuf &Sad e./

Ð xdik ;f Edik if aH wmifyikd ;f a'orsm;wGif ta&;ay:Oya'xkwjf yefvu kd jf cif;/ Ð xdik ;f Edik if &H dS rGwq f viftrsm;pkaexdik af om awmifyikd ;f a'o(3)ckwiG f ta&;ay:Oya'udk xdik ;f v$waf wmfu Zlvikd v f (19)&ufae@Y twnfjyK xkwjf yefvu kd yf gonf? ,if;a'orsm;wGif vlrsm;pk tjzpfaexdik v f su&f =dS u aom rGwq f vifrsm;. qENjyr_rsm; wd;k yGm;jyif;xefvmr_a=umifh Tta&; ay:Oya'udk xkwjf yefc&hJ jcif;jzpfygonf? ta&;ay:Oya' xk w f j yef & onf h a 'orsm;rS m 'Yala,Pattani, Narathiwat'wd@k jzpf+y;D xdak 'owd@k onf qENjyrGwq f vifrsm; trsm;qH;k zrf;qD;cHc=hJ u&wJah 'orsm;yif jzpfygonf? xdik ;f Edik if aH wmifyikd ;f a'orsm;wGif (2004)ckEpS q f ef;ydik ;f tcsed rf sm;rS pwif+y;D rGwq f vifcx JG u G af &; qENjyr_rsm; jyefvnfjzpfymG ;vsu&f &dS m (2004)ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mvwGif qENjyrGwq f vif (85)OD; zrf;qD;cH&pOf um;rsm;jzifh wifaqmifac:,lomG ;&m touf±=_ uyf+y;D aoqH;k cJ=h uonf? xdak 'orsm;wGif rGwq f vifoyl ek rf sm;. t=urf;zufA;kH cGrJ _ rsm;/ pmoifausmif;rsm;udk jyefay;qGrJ r_ sm;/ Ak'
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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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oa&mfpm /1/ ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkrSm urBm}uD;&J@ ajymif;vJru _ jrefqefvmovdk wd@k jref rmawG&@J ajymif;vJru _ vnf; jrefqef vm+yv D @kd ajymEdik v f myg+y?D jynfwiG ;f udyk J =unh=f unhf jynfyudyk J =unh=f unhf ol@t xmeJ@ol ajymif;vmvdu k w f m ud}k u;D ay: awmif rsupf v d nfrwwfygy?J tJovdk ajymif;vmwmawGxJu armf',fav;awGukd awmh ud}k u;D ay: o wdxm;rdw,fcifAs? armf',fqw kd mu vnf; 'DbufacwfusrS acwfpm;vm wmrSeaf yr,fh [kw d csed x f u J enf;enf; yg;yg;awmh &SdcJhygw,f? e,fy,fus,f jyef@r_awmh uGmrSmayhgav? udk}uD;ay:wdk@i,fpOfuawmh armf ',fvyk if ef;qdw k m oDjcm;&,fv@kd r&S=d u ao;ygb;l ? ±ky&f iS o f ±kyaf qmifawG/ tqdk awmfawGuyJ "mwfyt Hk ±ku d cf v H u kd /f o ±kyjf yay;vdu k ef @J yJ armf',foabm vkyf cJ h = uwmyg? rD ' D , mawG u vnf ; 'D avmufrrsm;ao;awmh r*~Zif;rsuEf mS zk;H &Sif jzpfz@kd qdw k mawmif tawmfrvG,f wJu h pd yP g? t"dutcsuu f awmh omrefval wG taeeJ@ ud, k hf "mwfyu Hk kd rD', D mrSm azmf jywJt h vky[ f m uk, d ef @J rqdik b f ;l vd@k o abmxm;cJ=h uwmyg? 'g[m emrnf&o dS l tEkynmorm;awG&@J tvkyv f @kd yJ rSwf ,lcJh=uwmyg? vl}uD;rdbawGuvnf; tm;ray;cJ=h uygb;l ? ,ae@acwfrmS awmh ajymif;vJomG ;yg +y?D o±kyjf yarmf',fvyk if ef;qdw k m oD; oD;jcm;jcm; ay:xGuv f m+y;D armf',fvyk f olawGvnf; a[mwa,muf a[mw a,mufqo kd vdk aygraS yg/ rsm;rSrsm;? rde;f uav;awGomru a,mufsm;av;awG yg pDv@kd &Dv@kd ? rD', D mawGcrsmvnf; armf ',fawG azmfjy&wmeJ@wif pmrsuEf mS awmif ravmufcsiaf wmhb;l ? tJovdak ygvmwJh armf',fawG[m EdkifiHwumpHcsdefrDw,fvdk@ udk}uD;ay: xifrdw,fcifAs? bma=umihfqdk b,f armf',furkd qdk =unfv h u kd &f if Edik if jH cm; u 0wfyHk pm;ykH aeykH xdik yf Hk vrf;av#muf ykH "mwfyt Hk ±du k cf yH Hk tm;vk;H eJ@ wxyf wnf;yJav? tcsKd @qdk wd@k jrefrmarmf',f awGukd Edik if jH cm;armf',fawGu jyefc;kd cs xm;w,fvkd@awmif udk}uD;ay:xifrd

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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ae‹pOf eHeuf 8 em&DrS n 8 em&Dtxd/ we*FaEGEiS fh teD&ufyw d fygonf? jrefrmwm0efc=H oef‹-uL0if;(jrefrmod‹k r[kw*f syefbmomjzifh) Ginza Swallow Bldg 4 F 1-14-9 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0081 Tel: 03 5264-3460 Fax: 03 3562 3930 e-mail: [email protected] tcsder f a±G;qufo, G v f y kd gu- Cell: 090 9328 4131

ol‹u, kd fov l #if bmxifavrod (1) “udak 'gi;f vm;æ” “[kwu f q hJ &m/ ajymygæ” “ud, k q f u D kd ra&;pbl; bke;f }u;D wlr‘*sr;f bHrk ’u pma&;+y;D ar;w,fuakd 'gi;f &J@æ” “[kwu f q hJ &m/ ajymygq&mæ” “bbwJ/h aus;Zl;ðy+y;D ‘ol@ud, k o f v l #if bmxif avrod’udk &Si;f jyay;yg bb&mwJæ h ” “[kwu f q hJ &m/ q&mhrmS a&m toifjh zpf&@J vm; q&mæ” “ud, k u f awmh toifjh zpfygw,f? 'gayrifh 'D ‘ol@ ud, k o f v l #if bmxifavrod’u q&maZmf*s&D @J cuf cJeufew J hJ '\eyJ udak 'gi;f &J@æ” “[kwu f q hJ &m/ 'gq&kd if bke;f }u;D wlr‘*sr;f bHrk ’udk &Si;f jy&if; usaemfw@kd vnf; od&wmaygq h &mæ” “at; at;æ/ 'dk@‘'\eyef;cif;’r*~Zif;xkwf awmh ‘yJx h ed ;f ryg/ avSe0g/ tÀ0gjrpfwiG ;f / rkew f ikd ;f jyif;u/ oufqif;onfrmS / "rRwmæ’/ ‘'\eryg/ b0wm/ jzwfoef;onfch g/ ab;q&m/ rsm;vSonfrmS / "rRwmæ’ 'Dvadk &;cJw h ,frw _ v f m;æ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” (2) “1962 ckEpS rf mS q&maZmf*s[ D m ol@&J@‘aA'gvrf; uAsm’awGukd tqufrjywfa&;cJw h ,f udak 'gi;f &J@æ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ”

“yef ; cJ h o nf y J æ aA'gvrf ; uAsmta&muf r S m txufu ‘ol@udk,folv#ifbmxifavrod’u a&mufvmawmhwmyJæ” “[kwu f ehJ m;axmifaeygw,fq&mæ” “tJ'D 1962 ckEpS u f urBmo h wif;/ Armhowif; awGa=umifh q&maZmf*srD mS a&;aeus 'Dxuf'u D sukd ‚/ ckew f kH qefwakH A'gyef;eJ@ vwmjyifu‚ kd / owd& w,favæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” “'DwiG f q&maZmf*st D wGuf ‘ol@ud, k o hf v l #if bm xifavrod’u 0ifvmygawmhw,fæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” “tJ'rD mS q&maZmf*sD pdwaf wGu v_y&f mS ;vdi_ ;f x vm+y;D pdwaf rmud, k af rm arm&ygawmhw,fæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” “'DrmS wif vwmjyifay:Y ckew f ufayguaf ewwf wJh ‘izs’H ud‚ k / tqufrjywfatmfaewJh ‘bkwif u S ’f udk‚/ uAsmq&mu owd&vmw,fæ/ 'DizsHeJ@ bkwif u S w f @kd [m b,fo@l udrk v S nf; *±krpdu k /f olw@kd &J@tpGr;f udo k m olw@kd jy+y;D igwaum aumae=u[ef zJ@G vdu k v f #if ‘ol@ud, k o f v l #if bmxifavrod’[l aom tawG;u 0ifvmw,f? ,lqonft h wdik ;f a&; zJ@G &ef q&maZmf*su D qH;k jzwfvu kd w f ,fæ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ” (3) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

armifyn k (-opa-w;vs) “uAsmpmud, k v f nf; ajymygO;D q&mæ” “at; at;æ/ ‘yef;cJo h nfy’J wJæ h ” (yef;cJo h nfy)J ‘aevH;k &,feD wdryf ef;csDaeaoG;eJ@/ ewfa&;onfo@kd 'Dtusayrd@k tvSvwmjyifu/ usL±d;k &Siaf vSuav;eJ@ ar#mfai;vdv k @kd æ? ol@ud, k o f v l #if/ bmxifavrod’ b,fajymif;nmjyefe@J [dik zsHvwmpGe;f rSm/ ol@*|rf;[efcsnfæ h ? ‘ol@ud, k o f v l #if bmxifavrod’ bkwrf ckEpS o f eH @J wnHnv H wmpGe;f rSm/ ol@vGr;f oHcsnfæ h ? tdt k csif; usL±d;k &Sif ol@trl&m ol@twif;/ rif;qdck phJ Of rifu h , kd v f rJ if;/ oifv#if bmxifv@kd avvJ raA'gpkeq f efvrf;rSm yef;cJo h nfyæ J ’ “[kwfuhJq&mæ/ a&;a&;awmh ay:vmyg+yD/ ‘*sr;f bHrk ’udk q&mb,fvrkd sm; ajymrvJq&mæ” “*sr;f bHrk a&æ apmapmydik ;f wH;k uawmh Adv k cf sKyf rSL;}u;D apmarmife@J Adv k cf sKy}f u;D cif!e$ @f wd@k udk awG@&&if av- ‘ol@ud, k o f v l #if bmxifavrod’qd+k y;D ajymrd w,f? ckawmhæ Adv k cf sKy}f u;D pd;k 0if;udk awG@&&if ‘ol@ ud, k o f v l #if bmxifavrod’qd+k y;D ajymrdw,fu@GJ ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” Ò Ò Ò

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tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg;

rme,fyavmc&D;onf armifpif-u,f idkI&,fIr&aomrsufESm xdo k @dk usaemfw@dk ae&m,l+y;D onfEiS hf ppft&m&Sw d OD;ESihf owif;axmufrsm;/ "gwyf q kH &mrsm;onf cef;raqmiftwGi;f od@k 0ifvm=uonf? owif;axmuftrsm;pkEiS hf "gwyf q kH &mtrsm;pkonf armif0o H ESihf usaemfw@dk . todrsm;yifjzpf=uonf? ok@d &mwGif olw@kd u usaemfw@dk tm; rodusK;d usiv f yk af e=u&onfeh nf;wl usaemfw@dk u vnf; wzefjyefI rodusK;d usiv f yk af e=u&jyefonf? ppft&m&S}d u;D onf usaemfw@kd a&Sw › ef;wGif xkid af eol(5)OD;tm; wOD;csi;f pD vdu k f vHI vufqEJG w _ q f ufonf? usaemfw h @dk tvSno hf @dk a&mufv#if ppft&m&S}d u;D u “q&mæ usaemfu h rdk w S rf w d ,faemfæ”/ usaemfjyefpOf;pm;onf? “[kwu f æ hJ rSwrf d ygw,fæ”? 'kw, d Akv d rf LS ;}u;D oef;xGe;f ukd usaemfrw S rf o d mG ;onf? 1990ckEpS f OD;0d pm&vrf;&Sd tifAKGd i;f cef;r(wyfrawmfcef;r)wGijf zpfonf? xkpd Ofu(e0w)ppftyk f pkonf jrefrmEkid if . H Ekid if aH &;vnfywfyjkH zpfpOfEiS yhf ufoufI Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; &Si;f vif;yGw J &yfjyKvyk cf o hJ nf? ,if;Ekid if aH &;&Si;f vif;yGYJ t"duZmwfaqmif ppft&m&Srd sm;teuf 'kw, d Adv k rf LS ; }u;D oef;xGe;f onf wOD;jzpfonf? xkpd Ofu ol.&mxl;rSm Akv d rf LS ;jzpfonf? aemuf ykid ;f wGif Adv k rf LS ;oef;xGe;f onf jrefrmhtoHawG@qHak r;jref;cef;Y ‘jynfwiG ;f aomif; use;f r_jzpfpOf’tm; a&yufr0ifatmifyif ajym=um;cJo h jl zpfonf? xk@d a=umifh oludk usaemf cyfjrefjrefyifrSwfrdoGm;onf? usaemfw@kd (5)OD;ESihf wuUov dk af usmif;oluav;rsm;tm; ,ckuo hJ @dk axmifrS vGwaf y;&onfh (e0w). apwemESi&hf nf&, G cf suu f dk 'kw, d Akv d rf LS ;}u;D oef;xGe;f u OD;pGm&Si;f jyonf? ok@d &mwGif usaemftzd@k used ;f pyfaeaom uifr&mrD;a&mifxJ wGif =um;wcsu/f r=um;wcsuo f m =um;ae&aoma=umifh bmukrd rS oJu/JG usaemf oJou J u JG JG =um;ae&onft h csuw f csurf mS usaemfw@dk axmifjyifa&mufomG ;I &efuek òf r@}u;D ukd awG@&aomtcg vH;k 0rSwrf ad wmhrnfr[kwq f o dk nfh pum;omjzpfavonf? 'kw, d Akv d rf LS ;}u;D oef;xGe;f onf wm0eft&olajymqkpd &m&So d nfrsm;ukd rdepfEpS q f ,fcef@ ajymqk+d y;D aemuf cef;raqmifxrJ S jyefvnfxu G cf gG omG ;onf? Ttcsed x f d owif;axmufEiS hf "gwyf q kH &mrsm;onf usaemfw@dk teD;wGif &Sad e=uao;I/ usaemfw@dk tzk@d awG;r&atmif&adS e=u&.? okd ah omfr=umygacs? usaemfwdk rh o d m;pkrsm;ESihf wuUokdvfausmif;olav;rsm;. tkyfxdef;olrsm;onf oufqkdif&m.pDrHcsuft& wbufaomcef;raqmifrS usaemfwkd@&Sd&mcef;raqmifokd@ a&vHk;}uD;vdSrfh0if vmonfyh rm ajy;0ifvm=uavonf? xkcd %onf axmifvw G o f El iS hf axmifvw G o f t l m;}uKd qo kd nfh yxrqH;k rdom;pkjyefvnfawG@qHyk jJG zpfI ±ky&f iS q f efvo S nf? wcsK@d onf vl@obm0t& 0rf;omvGe;f I &,farm=u+y;D / wcsKd rh mS 0rf;omvGe;f I ikad ºu;=uavonf? csKcd sKad usm+f ird ;f .om;uav;ukd usaemfvrS ;f I=unfv h u dk rf &d m ol@crsm rdcif}u;D tm;jyefvnfawG@&ojzifh nDrjzpfou l rikad omvnf; oluik±d u _d af eavonf? xdak e@u usaemftm; vma&muf}uKd qakd om ZeD;ESio hf rD;tm; wcsurf #om=unfv h u dk rf o d nf? usaemfu olw@kd ukd bmpum;r#ajymp&mr&So d nfeh nf;wl olw@dk uvnf; uíefawmfu h dk bmpum;r#rajym=u? Tok@d jzifh axmifA;l 0tjyifbufo@dk a&mufvmonf? usaemfonf axmifA;l 0 tjyifbufo@dk wvSr;f csi;f vSr;f aepOf orD;.ycH;k ay:ok@d vufwzufudk wifvu kd rf o d nf? TwGif usaemhaf emufwiG f vdu k yf gvmaom "gwyf q kH &monf jzwfceJ±u dk , f l vdkufonf? aemufwae@ 1992ckESpf/ {+yDv(30)&ufae@xkwf axmifvGwfowif;pmrsm;Y txufygorD;ycHk;ay:wGif usaemfvufwifxm;aom"gwfyHkonf axmifvw G o f wif;ESit hf wlygvmonf? ,if;"gwyf w kH uGuo f nf owif;pmtwwfynmt& usaemfaxmifuvGwv f monft h wGuf 0rf;omtm;&jzpfaea=umif; owif;pmzwfy&dowftm; today;vkjd cif;jzpfrnf[k usaemfem;vnf&onf? ok@d &mwGif xkad e@u usaemfrh suEf mS wGif rd;k wGiaf rSmifusaeavonf?

E dki o f v l r J E J ±H;_ Eddki f ±H;_ olvr axmifuvGwpf t&mcyford ;f wk@d onf a00g;aeonf? b,fomG ;Ib,fvm&rSe;f rodonfeh nf;wl bmvkyI f bmukid &f rSe;f vnf;tpyif&mS r&/ xk@d xufq;dk onfum; oda[mif;uírf;a[mif;rsm;onfyifp;dk &draf =umufvef@pdwf jzifrh rd t d m;jrifv#irf jrifcsiaf ,mifaqmifIauG ah &SmifomG ;jcif;jzpfavonf? Tok@d tajctaersK;d &Sad epOf tdro f @dk yxrqH;k a&mufvmolum; Akv d ! f eG @f armifjzpfonf? Akv d ! f eG @f armifonf Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;vufxuf wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvw $ af wmf trwfwOD;jzpfonf? vGwv f yfa&;&onfEiS hf jynfwiG ;f ppfjzpfvmonft h cg Adv k ! f eG @f armifonf awmcdjk ynfol &h aJ bmfacgi;f aqmifwOD;jzpfvmonf? oluarmfvòrifuíef; Zmwdjzpf+y;D usaemfu 0g;c,frZmwdom;jzpfonf? ok@d aomf oltm; trsm;u ajrmif;jrAdv k ! f eG @f armiftjzpf todrsm;=uonf? ta=umif;rSm ajrmif;jrrSaeI wdik ;f jyKjynfjyK vGwaf wmftrwfjzpfvmaoma=umifjh zpfavonf? 1989 ckEpS /f Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm; zG@J pnf;xlaxmifaomtcg Akv d ! f eG @f armifonf 0d"&l ocifcspaf rmif. trsK;d om; jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Dru dk a&pDwyfaygi;f pkwiG f em,uwOD;jzpfvmonf? olonf tEkynmukcd spjf rwfE;kd aom Ekid if aH &;orm;wOD;vnf;jzpfonf? usaemf. rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; ‘oHvGifuawmhpD;+rJyif’ 0wˆKZmwfvrf;wGif olonf ‘!Ge@f OD;armif’trnftjzpf yl;wGaJ &;om;oljzpfonf? usaemft h rd o f nf Adv k ! f eG @f armif. pm;tdraf omuf tdrjf zpfonf? ordik ;f u &efuek +f rKd @xJo@dk olvmv#if us aemfOh ;D 0dpm&(rif;rEkid )f aetdro f @dk 0ifvmpjrjJ zpfonf? ol onf tawG@t=uKH }u;D rm;I cspcf ifEpS v f zdk , G &f maumif; aom vlom;wOD;ESihf Ekid if aH &;orm;wOD;vnf;jzpfonf? Akv d ! f eG @f armifonf usaemf. oifq&m/ jrifq&m/ =um; q&m/ Ekid if aH &;q&mrsm;teuf wOD;vnf;jzpfonf? usaemft h rd o f m;rsm;onf oltm;rsm;pGmcifrifav;pm;=u onf? usaemfah &Sr› S (10)&ufcef@apmI axmifrjS yefxu G f vmaom Adv k w f axmifowif;pmt,f'w D ma[mif; Akv d f xdev f if;ukd olowif;ar;+y;D aemuf usaemfx h H vSn0hf if vmjcif;jzpfonf? usaemfawmckv d m+y;D aemuf =opa=w; vsEdkifiHokd@a&mufaecsdefwGif Akdvf!Gef@armifuG,fvGef oGm;a=umif; owif;uk&d &Scd o hJ nf? 0Jr, S m- csKdcsKdausmf+ird ;f / armif0o H / a±$*al rESi;f / armifpif=u,f/ apm0if;bwf Adv k ! f eG @f armifEiS yhf ufoufI trSw&f p&mawG/ rSwf om;p&mawGrsm;pGmteufrS 1990 ckEpS /f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD a±G;aumufyt JG Ekid t f ±H;_ tay: ol.tjrif ol.tawG;twGuf usaemfrsm;pGm tH=h oav;pm;rdavonf? 1990 ckEpS /f arv(27)&ufae@ a±G;aumufy+JG y;D onfah emuf Zlvidk /f =o*kwv f twGi;f Y 0d"&l ocifcspaf rmifw@dk . trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Dru kd a&pDwyfaygi;f pkonf nDvmcHw&yfuu dk si;f ycJo h nf? ,if;nDvmcHo@dk avhvmoltjzpf usaemfrh w d af qGvil ,fwOD; oGm;wuf+y;D aemuf ol@tawG@t=uKH udk usaemft h m; jyefvnfajymjyonf? ,if;rdwaf qGvil ,fonf Ekid if aH &;ukpd w d 0f ifpm;aomfvnf; Edik if aH &;orm;um;r[kwaf cs? okd jh zpfI 0d"&l ocifcspaf rmifwdk . h ygwn D v D mcHodk w h ufa&mufvmaom Edik if aH &;orm;trsm;pktm; olrodacs? txl;ojzifh ygweD m,uESihf nDvmcHaemufq;kH ae@Y tpnf;ta0;. obmywdtjzpfaqmif±u G af om Adv k ! f eG @f armifuydk if olrod&mS acs? “0d"&l ocifcspaf rmifnv D mcHrmS ajymwmqkw d m a0zefo;kH oyfwmawGuv dk J óuuf=uygw,f? tJæAsmæ nDvmcHaemufq;kH ae@rSm acgi;f jzLobmywd}u;D ajymwm ukad wmh yk}d uKd u+f y;D vufcyk o f aH wGajzmif;ajzmif;yJq&mæ” “vkypf rf;ygO;D / tJ'aD cgi;f jzLobmywd}u;D u bmawGrsm;ajymvk@d vJæ” 0d"&l ocifcspaf rmifw@dk . ygww D iG t f awG@tñurH sm;aom Edik if aH &;orm;rsm; yg0ifz@JG pnf;xm;aoma=umifh acgi;f jzLolawGvnf;rsm;=uonf? &Jabmfyg(uku d ;dk uíef;)qkd v#if vGecf ahJ omtESp(f 30)ausmu f yif wacgi;f vH;k qGwq f w G jf zLaeonf? “trsK;d om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;'Dru dk a&pDwyfaygi;f pk[m Edik if aH &;ygw}D u;D wckvnf;jzpf w,f? ygwaD cgi;f aqmifyidk ;f rSm tawG@tñu}H u;D rm;wJh Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifawGvJ acgi;f aqmifae=uw,fæ? wjynfv;kH taetxm;eJ@ us,jf yef@pGm pnf;±H;k a&;awGvJ vkyaf eygvsuef @J a±G;aumufyrJG mS uk, d pf m;vS,w f ae&mrSr&wmukd nDvmcHu, dk pf m;vS,af wGu pdwrf aumif;}u;D pGmeJ@ wa,muf+y;D wa,mufaqG;aEG;=uw,fq&m” “tJæ[kwyf g+yæ D / acgi;f jzLobmywd}u;D u 'Dupd u P b dk majymovJæ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ/ acgi;f jzLobmywd}u;D u &,farm+y;D ckvakd jymygw,f? 'Dt±H;_ tEkid u f pd u P dk nDvmcHwavsmufv;kH rSm nDvmcHu, dk pf m;vS,w f ikd ;f vkv d u kd pdwf raumif;}u;D pGmeJ@ ajymqkad qG;aEG;=uwmudk usaemfowdxm;rdygw,fw/hJ 'DtwGuaf wmhjzifh cifAsm;wd@k 0rf;ajrmufjcif;eJ@ 0rf;enf;jcif;rjzpf=uzk@d usaemfawmif;yefyg w,f/ bma=umifah wmif;yef&ovJq&dk if 'Da±G;aumufyrJG mS Edik o f al wGvrJ Edik yf gb;l / ±H;_ olawGvrJ ±_;H ygb;l / aoaocsmcsmawG;=unfyh gaemf/ tm;vH;k auseyf&ifawmh wpfuaejyefp=uygæqk+d y;D ed*;kH csKyv f u dk w f ,fq&mæ” acgif;jzLobmywd}uD;[k wifpm;cH&olonf Akdvf!Gef@armifyifjzpfonf? ol@acgif;uqHyifonf vSypGmyif qGwfqGwfjzLaeI azG;aeavonf? ,cktcg a±G;aumufy}JG u;D +y;D ajrmufco hJ nfrmS (10)ESpyf ifwikd cf ahJ v+y/D tajctaersm;rSmrl Akv d ! f eG @f armif}u;D ajymouJo h @dk yif &Sad e&Smavonf? (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk-unfEiS hf tusO;f usjynforl sm;twGuq f ak wmif;yJG *syefEikd if &H dS jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;rS pkaygif; I/ OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf 'Dy&J if;wGif rw&m; vkyf =uHowfjzwf zrf;qD;xm;jcif; cH&olrsm;/ jrefrmjynf'Drdkua&pD a&;wGif zrf;qD;owfjzwfjcif; cH&olrsm;ESifh jrefrmh'rD u kd &pDa&; twGuf qkawmif;arwWmyd@k y&dw±f w G yf u GJ kd a':atmifqef;pk =unfarG;ae@jzpfaom t*Fgae@wGif tywfpOf usif;yvsuf&&dS m (9 =o*kwv f 2005) t*Fgae@wGif t}urd w f &m(100) jynfh ajrmufrnfjzpfygonf? rnforl qdk yg0ify;l aygif; qkawmif;Edik yf ga=umif; zdwaf c: tyfygonf? yg0ify;l aygif;ukov kd jf yKvdyk gu080 5680 0546/ 080 3025 2668/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 8171 8465 rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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*syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;

43 ESpaf jrmuf (7)Zlvikd tf crf;tem; *syefEikd if wH iG f usif;jyKvkyf jrefrmjynfwiG f ppftm%m&Sipf epfcsKy+f ird ;f a&;ESihf 'Dru kd a&pDjyefvnfay:xGe;f vma&;twGuf óu;pm;ae=uonfh *syefEikd if t H ajcpdu k f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;vkyaf qmif ae =uaom tzJ@G toD;oD;rS &Jabmfrsm;u ausmif;om;pdw"f gwjf zifh 43 ESpaf jrmuf 7 Zlvikd f txdr;f trSwt f crf;em;udk em*dòk r@ESihf wdu k sKòd r@wd@k wGif ZGev f ikd v f 3 &uf/ 7 &ufEiS hf 10 &ufae@rsm;wGif a[majymyJrG sm;/ qENjyyJrG sm; ðyvkycf =hJ ua=umif; od&&dS onf? tqdyk g tcrf;tem;od@k ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uonfh OD;wifah Zmf/ udkxGef;atmifausmfESifh udkrdk;oD;ZGefwdk@udk zwf=um;xm;aomfvnf; udkxGef; atmifausmw f a,mufxo J m wufa&mufEikd cf +hJ y;D &Jabmftaygi;f wd@k tm; rGejf rwf oef@pifonfh ausmif;om;pdw"f gwrf sm;arG;um tm%m&Sipf epfukd qef@usiaf wmf vSe=f uzd@k wdu k w f eG ;f cJah =umif;vnf;od&&dS ygonf? armif&iS (f bm;rm;rD', D mowif;axmuf)

em*d, k mòr@/ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;rS ay;yd@k aom rSww f rf;"gwyf (kH 3-7-2005)

Zlvikd f (7)&ufae@u e³t³z ppftcGe±f ;kH a&Sw › iG f udx k eG ;f atmifausmrf S ausmif;om;pdw"f gwt f a=umif; qENjyolrsm;tm; wdik af y;aepOf(7-7-2005)

vl(150)ausmw f ufa&mufaom wdu k sKòd r@rS a[majymyJG rSww f rf;"gwyf (kH 10-7-2005)

tifwmeufay:wGifvnf; zwf±E+ ikd fyg_yD rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f’tygt0if/ awmifu;kd &D;,m;Edik if x H w k f ‘axmifpjk ywif;owif;*sme,f’/ tar&duefEdkifiHxkwf ‘yGio hf pf*sme,f’wdk@udk atmufygvyd pf mwGif zwf±E_ ikd yf ga=umif;

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

27

43 ESpaf jrmuf 7 Zlv k ikd jf zpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD0ifrsm;. aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf; xkwjf yefa-ujimcsuf 18? Edik 0f if; 1000(waxmif,ef;) 19? aZmf0if;vdi_ f 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) 1? udpk ;dk 0if;&Sed f 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 20? LALSAWMLIANA(CNC) 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) 2? udrk if;xufaZmf 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 21? THANG HLUN(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 3? udkatmifatmifvd_ifšracsmeENmxGef; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 22? DAW NALLY 1000(waxmif,ef;) 4? udrk sK;d jrifah qG 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 23? PYI HTET(SUB) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 5? ud0k if;ausmf 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 24? U SEIN MYINT 1000(waxmif,ef;) 6? udo k ef;xGËaf tmif 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 25? CING NGAIN MANG(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 7? ud&k efEikd pf ;kd šrcifpENmOD; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 26? MA CING POME NEAM(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 8? udjk rwfol 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 27? MA BIAK MAWI(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 9? udrk if;OD; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 28? HTALARBAW(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 10? ud&k rJ if;aqG 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 29? NGUN TANG(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 11? udw k ;kd =unfaqG 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 30? LIA CING LAM MAUNG(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 12? rrDro D ef;0if; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 32? MAUNG VUNGH KHAN PUM(CNC) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 13? udkaomif;vd_if 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 33? U KYAW ZYAW NYANE 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) 14? udkcifarmifaxG; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 34? BWU GROUP 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) 15? udak X;opf 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 35? aZ,smrif;xGe;f 1000(waxmif,ef;) 16? udak usmaf usmEf ikd f 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 36? udkatmifatmifvd_ifšracsmeENmxGef; 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) 17? udak Z,smrif;xGe;f 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 36? 7 Zlvikd q f yfaumfrwDrS 125000(q,fEh pS af omif;ig;axmif) 18? ud[ k ef0if; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d vufuseaf iG 11870(waomif;waxmif&pS &f mckEpS q f ,f,ef;) 19? rjrwf,Ofacsm 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 20? rav;av; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d aumufc&H &Sad iGEiS hf rwnfaiG(185000 ,ef;)udk jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif; 21? roif;oif;vwf 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D (ru'w)od‹k vSLwef;vdu k af -umif;od&&dS ygonf? 22? udck ifatmif 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d 23? udAk [de;f wif 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d 24? udx k eG ;f a0 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d 25? udak rmifarmifvS 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d 26? udpk ;kd oD[ 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d

jzpfajrmufa&;qyfaumfrwD0ifrsm;

pkpak ygif; 7 Zlvikd t f wGuo f ;kH aiG

235000(ESpfq,fhoHk;aomif;ig;axmif) 98130(udk;aomif;&Spfaxmifw&moHk;q,fwdwd)

aumufc&H &S ad iG 1? yef;csaD X;opfšoif;oif;pd;k 2? rif;opPm 3? vJv h OhJ ;D 4? udrk sK;d jrifah qG 5? vSat;armif 6? rrDro D ef;0if; 7? &efEikd pf ;kd šrcifpENmOD; 8? armifrdk;ndK 9? 0if;0if;at; 10? armifarmifOD; 11? atmifjrifhOD; 12? cifarmifjrifh 13? [ef0if;ESirhf o d m;pk 14? udkwifatmif 15? pd;k 0if;&Sed šf wifwif0if; 16? apwem&Si(f 6)OD; 17? A[de;f wif

3000(oH;k axmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 4000(av;axmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 1000(waxmif,ef;) 4000(av;axmif,ef;) 11000(waomif;waxmif,ef;) 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd rf OS ;D pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

*syefa&muf pmay0goemygol/ pmzwfcsio f rl sm;twGuf

pm=unfw h u kd zf iG &hf uf? ? pae/ we*FaEG/ wevFmESihf ±H;k ydw&f uf pm=unfw h u kd zf iG chf sed f? ? ae@vnf 12;00 em&DrS n 10;00 xd pm=unfw h u kd zf ek ;f eHygwf? ? 03 3364 5163 rSwfcsuf? ? rvmcif zke;f óuqufyg

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw f u kd w f iG f 0,f,El ikd af ompmtkyrf sm;ESihf rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm; a':atmifqef;pk=unf 1? jrefrmjynfcspfu&ifacgif;aqmifrsm; (armifpif=u,f) 1000 ,ef; touf(60)jynhf 2? ocifEdkifiHawmf (wifarmifoef;) 1000 ,ef; 3? jrefrmEdkifiHrSxdkif;EdkifiHodk@ vkyftm;ajymif;a±$@r_

(NDD) 1000 ,ef;

4? tm%m&Sio f @kd ay;pmrsm;(tydik ;f 1š2) 5? ndK;EGr;f =u,f(rSww f rf;"gwyf )kH

2000 ,ef; ,mrmrdw k kd

6? ordkif;opfcGyfa'gif;(oDcsif;acG)

2000 ,ef; tZ…Ke

1000 ,ef;

7? 2003 ckEpS f pmqdak wmfae@AD', D akd cG apmodef;(MTK)

1000 ,ef;

8? wkww f jywf/"g;wjyufum;wGerf sm;(0vH;k -rzrf;rcsi;f wdu k sK)d 500 ,ef; 9? cGyaf 'gi;f tvHac:&mod@k

arG; ae‹ t xdr;f t rSwf

rSwf wrf; AD 'D ,dk xGu_f yD

(wifrdk;) 500 ,ef;

10? ausmif;om; axmif awmfveS af &; (&Jabmfz;kd oHacsmif;) 1000 ,ef; 11? ,rrif;O,smOfo@kd tvnfa&mufjcif;

(*gr%d) 1000 ,ef;

12? 2005 ckEpS f wdu k sKt d wmo}ueF f

(xGe;f a0) 800 ,ef;

AD', D w kd w d af cG 'DA'GD (D 2)csyf

1;49(rdepf) 1;49(rdepf)

1000 ,ef; 1200 ,ef;