Mtk Vol2 No9

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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“tJ'±D yk &f iS u f m;tay:rSm pdw0f ifpm;r_awG e,fpyf jrefrmtodik ;f t0dik ;f rSmawmh awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ay: aew,f? AD'G , D t kd acGuawmh ±ky&f iS }f u;D taeeJ@ olw@kd xdik ;f ±ky&f iS ±f akH wGrmS jyae+yq D akd wmh tjyifux kd u G v f @kd r&ao;bl;av? 'g olw@kd w&m;Oya't& ta&;,lc&H rSmpd;k vd@k eJ@wlw,f? tJ'aD wmh jrefrmtodik ;f t0dik ;f rSm awmh &efuek u f ppf±;kH csKyfawGukd AH;k usJwhJ ±ky&f iS u f m; qd+k y;D awmh vlawGu pdw0f ifpm;aew,f? qdik af wGrmS oGm;+y;D awmh ar;wm jref;wmrsKd; vkyaf ewm&Sw d ,f? usaemfw@kd od&wmuawmh tar&duefavwyfu av,mOfawG/ ppfoabFm}u;D ay:uae+y;D awmh tck ud, k af ysmufav,mOfv@kd emrnf}u;D aewJh Stealth ayg?h tJ'g AH;k =uaJ v,mOfe@J &efuek pf pf±;kH csKyu f kd oGm;+y;D awmh AH;k usJw,f? aemuf+y;D awmh topfajymif;a±$@ wnfaqmufaewJh ysOfrem;udo k mG ;+y;D awmh AH;k usJ w,f? tJ'grsK;d ygw,fv@kd 'DbufrmS awmh ajymqdak e=u wm rsm;w,fæ” 'DZmwfum;udk +y;D cJw h hJ Zlvikd v f ukeyf ikd ;f u jzef@cscd hJ wmjzpf+y;D Zmwfum;rdwq f uftzGirfh mS ‘tar&duef&@J ppfqifa&;Edik if [ H m jrefrmjzpf+y;D ypfrw S [ f m &efuek f pq&±H;k csKyfe@J e³t³z&J@ v#Ld@0Sut f ajcpdu k f ppfpcef; awG&&dS m ysOf;rem;jzpfw,f’vd@k azmfjyxm;onf? 'DtwGuf Stealth(2005)±ky&f iS u f m;acGawG jref rmjynfxJ 0ifrvmEdik af tmif wm;qD;zd@k jynfxaJ &;0ef }uD;Xmeu !$ef=um;xm;w,fvdk@vJ od&ygw,f? tqdyk gupd eP @J ywfouf+y;D OD;aX;atmifu“'grsKd;u jzpfEikd yf gw,f? bmjzpfv@kd vJqakd wmh

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CitiBank First Kitchen

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urBmEh ikd if aH ygi;f pHo k @kd toGm;tjyef av,mOfvufrw S rf sm;/ rdrw d @kd . *syefrw d af qG SHINJUKU HEAD OFFICE rsm;twGuf av,mOfvufrw S /f ADZm/ [dw k ,f/ jynfwiG ;f av,mOfvufrw S rf sm;udk Tel:03 3340 6749 Shinjuku vnf; wm0ef,laqmif±Gufay;aeygonf? blwm Here(2)F 03 5795 4735 awmifbuf Lumine xGuaf yguf e,frrS w d af qGrsm;ESihf rtm;vyfonhrf w d af qGrsm; zke;f quf±EkH iS hf vufrw S }f uKd wif Fax: 03 5795 4736 Kosyu Kaido Oedo Line rSm ,lEdkif+yD; owfrSwfxm;onfhb%frS aiGay;acsEdkifygonf? Shinjuku Sta: jrefrmwm0efcH Immigrationod@k roGm;rSD zke;f qufaqG;aEG;wdi k yf ifyg? ava=umif;vdik ;f aygif;pHrk S Yamate Shinjuku Bldg 2 F vufrw S rf sm;udk aps;E_e;f oufompGm&&Sad tmif jrefrmwm0efcrH S ulnaD y;aeygonf? 1-19-6 Nishi shinjuku, Khaing War Ko(cdik 0f gu)kd Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo av,mOfvufrw S cf udk ±H;k cef;od@k vma&mufay;acs+y;D av;&uftwGi;f av,mOfvufrw S f xkw, f El ikd yf gonf? ydwf&ufr&Sdyg rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/







6

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;

jr0wDe,fpyfwiG f ppfwyfESifh 'DaubDataygif;I vlta&mif;t0,fvkyfae u&ifjynf e,f/ jr0wD e,fpyf*dwf wckwGif e³t³zwyf ESifh 'DaubD atwyfrsm; aygif;I jyef ydk@cH&olrsm; tm; zrf;qD; um vl t a&mif;t0,fðyvkyaf ea=umif; ud, k ahf wG@ñucH o hJ w l OD;rS ajymjyonf? “rJaqmufbufuzrf;+yD; jr0wDjyefydk@&if e,fpyfa&mufwmeJ@ 999 'DaubDat*dwrf mS ppfwyf/ poH;k vH;k eJ@ tzJ@G pHu k jyef0ifvmolwOD;udk usyf 4 aomif;cJaG wmif;w,f? ydu k q f aH y;&if xdik ;f Edik if b H uf jyefciG ahf y;w,f? aiGray;&if zrf;xm;w,f? vlu,f&aD wGe@J tm%mydik af wGaygif;+y;D vkypf m;ae=uwmæ”[k udk,fawG@ñuHcJhol udkaZmfEdkif(trnfajymif;)rS ajymjyonf? xdkif;EdkifiHrSzrf;I jyefydk@ol jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;tm; 'DaubDatESifh ppfwyfro d m;pk0if vlu,f&rD sm;rS rJaqmufv³0³utcsKyw f iG f vlwOD;v#if usyf 6000 ay;&+y;D e³t³zwyfEiS hf axmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;twGuf usyw f aomif;cJaG y;um cJaG 0pm;ae=ujcif;jzpfonf? xdik ;f Edik if rH S jyefy@kd cH&olrsm;tm; aiGay;I ra±G;ygu jynfwiG ;f tdrv f yd pf mudk

awmif;+y;D rdbaqGrsK;d rsm;xH ta=umif;=um;I oufqikd o f rl sm;vdu k v f mum aiG ay;a±G;vsiv f nf; jyefvw $ af y;onf[q k o kd nf? aiGay;Ira±G;Edik yf gu trsK;d orD; i,frsm;tm; xkid ;f Edik if b H ufjyefy@kd I jynfw h efqm±Hrk sm;wGif a&mif;pm;jcif;/ trsK;d om; rsm;udk yifv,fig;zrf;avSrsm;wGif tvkyv f yk &f ef a&mif;pm;jcif;rsm;&Sad ea=umif; ud, k af wG@ñub H ;l ol jrefrmtvkyo f rm;udak usmaf qG(trnfajymif;)rSvnf; ajymjy onf? xdik ;f &Jrsm;rS zrf;qD;I jr0wDe,fpyfo@kd jyefy@kd vdu k o f rl sm;txJrS trsK;d orD;i,f rsm;udk jynfw h efqm±Hrk sm;od@k a&mif;pm;ae,Hrk u trsK;d om;i,frsm;udyk g a,musmF ; jynfw h efqmrsm;tjzpf a&mif;pm;aea=umif;udv k nf; ‚rS qufvufajymjyonf? (vGwv f yfaomowif;tzJ@G )

tifwmeufay:wGifvnf; zwf±+Edkifyg_yD rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f’tygt0if/ awmifu;kd &D;,m;Edik if x H w k f ‘axmifpjk ywif;owif;*sme,f’/ tar&duefEdkifiHxkwf ‘yGio hf pf*sme,f’wdk@udk atmufygvyd pf mwGif zwf±E_ ikd yf ga=umif; http://www.moethaukkye.com

jrefrmEki d i f ' H r D u dk a&pD&&Sad &;r[mAsL[m xGef;atmifausmf ppftkyfpkukdtwkduftcHvkyfaewJh tkyfpkawG[m pkpnf;nD!Gwfr_r&Sdjzpfaea=umif; awG@ae&w,f? ppftkyfpkukd jyKwfusoGm;atmifvkyfbdk hOD;aqmifaewJh tzG@J tpnf;awGuvnf;jynfwiG ;f NLDaemufuaevdu k +f y;D oHa,mifvu kd af ewmuvG+J y;D t=uo H pf Om%fopfawGroH;k bJ tacsmifcadk ewmawG@&w,f? olw@dk owd rxm;rdwmwcku NLDygw[ D m jynfwiG ;f ppfzed yfatmufrmS v_y&f mS ;ae&+y;D olw@kd uawmh vGwv f yfwEhJ ikd if rH mS v_y&f mS ;ae&wmyJjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh NLDygwD rvkyEf idk w f mawGudk olw@dk u OD;aqmif&rJt h pm; NLDavmif;&dyaf tmufu rxGub f &J adS ew,f? NLDygwD xdyw f u kd &f ifqikd rf vkyEf idk w f mukd olw@dk u xdyw f u kd &f ifqidk +f y;D wdu k &f rSmjzpfw,fvkd jh rifw,f? 'Dae&mrSm uk, d 0hf rf;pmuk, d &f mS pm;+y;D Edik if aH &;ukcd pH m;csut f &/ ,H=k unfcsut f &/ vkyaf ewJv h il ,fawGavmuf vl}u;D awGrmS avhvmtm;/ pdw"f gwaf &;&mykid ;f trsm;}u;D enf;yg;a=umif; awG ah e&w,f? 'ga=umifh ppftyk pf jk yKwaf tmif r[mAsL[mukw d ifjy+y;D b,fvAkd sL[majrmufatmif 0dik ;f vky=f ur,fqw kd hJ tvkyo f abmukd t=urf;a&;om;ay;vku d w f mjzpfygw,f? jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pD&&Sad &;ukd vdv k m;olwidk ;f “igw@kd b,ftvkyrf sK;d ukjd zifh vkyEf idk rf ,fæ? AsL[majrmufatmif b,ftykid ;f uyg0if+y;D wm0ef,=l ur,fæ”vk@d jrifvm+y;D yl;aygi;f yg0ifvmEkid zf @dk 'Dpmwrf;ukd a&;om;vku d yf gw,f? yxrOD;qH;k a&;qGjJ yxm;wJh ChartrSm 'Dru kd a&pDtpk;d &opfay:xGe;f a&;[m r[mAsL[m&J@yef;wdik jf zpfygw,f? 'Dyef;wdik u f dk a&mufb@dk &mrSm ppftyk pf u k , G af ysmufomG ;rS&rSmjzpfw,f? ppftyk pf k bma=umifh &yfwnfaeEkid w f ,fqw dk mukjd yef=unf&h if ppftyk pf u k dk t"duaxmufct H m; ay;aewJh a'guw f idk (f 3)ck&w dS ,f? tJ'aD 'guw f idk af wGuawmh(1)nD!w G af eao;wJph pfwyf/ (2)jynforl sm;.Edifk if aH &;wGiyf g0if&efa=umuf±@HG aer_/ (3)Edik if jH cm;wkid ;f jynfrsm;rS todtrSwjf yKaejcif;wdk ah =umifjh zpfygw,f? ppftm%m&Sipf epf(Military Dictatorship)




wyfwiG ;f nD!w G af ejcif; jynforl sm;a=umuf&HG ah er_ Ekid if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfrsm;rStodtrSwjf yKaer_ 'Da'guw f ikd (f 3)ckudk &ku d cf sK;d Edik v f #if usaemfw@dk ppftm%m&Sipf epfudk ajrvSeyf pfEidk rf mS jzpfygw,f? wyfwiG ;f nD!w G af &;ukd +zKd cswahJ e&mrSm OD;pGm wyfwiG ;f &Sd rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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awmfveS af &;aqmif;yg; tajccHvw l ef;pm;rsm;jzpfonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;/ rdom;pkrsm;&J@ tajccHb0ukd avhvmbk@d vkyd gw,f? tJ't D ajccHb0uko d w d t hJ cg olw@kd cHpm;ae&wJh ppftm%m&Sif pepfatmufu 'kua< wGudk urBmtv,frmS csjy+y;D jynforl sm;enf;wl wyfrawmfom;rsm;vnf; cHpm;ae&a=umif; ajym=um;&if;/ 'Dajym=um;csuaf wGudk owif;pmawG/ a&'D,akd w/G &kyjf rifo=H um;awGxrJ mS wwfEidk o f r# }uKd ;pm;xnfo h iG ;f +y;D wyfrawmfom;rsm;ukpd nf;&H;k jcif; wpku d rf wfrwfvyk &f ygr,f? wzufuvnf;a&S w h ef;ppfrsuEf mS uaeppfwyfwiG ;f rSmraevkad wmhvkd x h u G af jy;vmwJh wyfajy;rsm;ukd apmifah &Smufun l aD &;/ ukpd epfwusvyk +f y;D / wyfajy;rsm; b0vHjk cKH a&;twGuf pDru H ed ;f awGcs+y;D vky&f ygvrd rhf nf? ppfwyfuxGuaf jy;v#if toufab;vHjk cKH +y;D ab;uif;&efuif;aeEkid w f t hJ jyif/ rar#mrf eS ;f wJh Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfawGrmS ynmoif=um;cGi/hf aexdik cf iG &hf a=umif; odvm&if ppfwyfu vli,ftajrmuftjrm; xGuaf jy;vmygvrd rhf ,f? vHjk cKH rw _ u,fay;Edik &f if wyfcv JG u kd 0f ifvmEdik af =umif;/ wyf&if;rsm;txd ygvmEdik af =umif; tajctae&Sad eygw,f? wyfom;rsm;b0tajctaeESihf ppfAv dk cf sKyrf sm;&J@ b0tajctaeukd wwfEidk o f r#Ei_d ;f ,SO+f y;D az: jyay;jcif;jzifh wyfrawmfom;rsm; tajctaeay;vmv#if jynfob l ufudk tqifoifu h ;l ajymif;vmatmif jyifqifxm;&ygvrd rhf ,f? usaemfw@kd taeeJ t h a&;}u;D qH;k jyKvyk &f r,ft h vkyu f &Spaf v;vH;k vdk jynfv;kH u|wq f ENjyyG}J u;D jzpfay:vmatmif vkyb f @dk yJjzpfygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm jyefaumuf&&if jynfv;kH u|wq f ENjyyG}J u;D jzpfbdk t h wGuf vufwEH pS zf ufvykd gw,f? t=urf;rzuf vufeufrahJ wmfveS af &;[kac:wJ(h NON- VIOLENT STRUGGLE)eJ@/ vufeufuidk f awmfveS af &;vd@k ac:wJ(h ARMY STRUGGLE)jzpfygw,f?

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ta&;}u;D qH;k tcsuu f awmh jynfoal wG[m zdEydS cf b H 0uae acgi;f ik@H cHae&mu olw@dk a=umufae&wJh zdEydS o f al wG wjzKwjf zKwu f sq;kH aewm awG@vmwJt h cg yxr OD;qH;k wkev f y_ af umif;wkev f y_ =f uayrJh tcsed &f vmwmeJh ajymuf=um;ppfuq dk ifEaJ$ e olawGudk tm;usvm+y;D yl;aygi;f yg0ifvmrSm jzpfygw,f? jynfoal wGygE;kd =um;+y;D yl;aygi;f vmwmeJ@ ajymuf=um;ppfuae +rKd @odr;f ppfawGudk qifEEJ$ idk rf mS jzpfygw,f? ESpq f ,fw h pf&mpkEpS f ppfo*d AF sL[mrSm e,fajrtpGet f zsm;uae +rKd @}u;D w+rKd @ odr;f wJeh nf;[m acwfu f ek af eyg+y?D +rKd jh yajymuf=um;rsm;uae+y;D vlxt k ºkH ur_}u;D ukd zefw;D aerS wzef +rKd @odr;f yGu J dk vlxt k iftm;eJ@ vkyEf idk rf mS jzpfygw,f? vlxt k ºkH u vm&if ppfwyfwiG ;f rSmvnf; ppf0g'ukd ±G@H rke;f aewJh rsK;d cspw f yfrawmfom;awGrmS jynfob l ufudk ul;ajymif;vm+y;D jynfow l yfrawmftjzpf a=u;pm;wyfrS cGx J u G f vmrSmjzpfygw,f? jynfob l ufudk uk;l ajymif;vmwJw h yfrLS ;[m 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if x H rJ mS topfjzpfvmrJph pfO;D pD;csKyjf zpf bd@k }urd ;f aoygw,f? tcsKyt f m;jzifh a'guw f ikd (f 3) wkid v f ;kH jyKwo f mG ;wmawG@&rSmjzpfw,f?

t-urf;rzufvufeufrahJ wmfveS af &; 'Denf;udv k nf; usaemfw@dk ypfy,fv@dk r&ygb;l ? t=urf;rzufwehJ nf;rSm jynf wGi;f v_y&f mS ;r_e@J jynfyv_y&f mS ;r_q+dk y;D (2)ykid ;f &Syd gw,f? jynfwiG ;f v_y&f mS ;r_rmS jynf wGi;f rSm&Sw d hJ Ekid if aH &;ygwD NLDeJ@ r[mrdwyf gwrD sm;&J@ v_y&f mS ;r_udk tm;ay;a&;/ ‚ygwrD sm;eJ@ ygw0D ifrsm;ukd zdEydS cf sKycf s,rf r_ eS o f r#udk xkwaf z:a&;om;jcif;/ 0g'jzef@ csad y;jcif;/ ±_wcf sjcif;/ qENjyjcif;wd@k ukd jynfyrSjyKvyk o f vdk jynfwiG ;f rSvnf; jynfy&Sd tzGJ t h pnf;rsm;udk ‚wk@d vdt k yfcsurf sm;ukd ta=umif;=um;jcif;/ jynfwiG ;f tajct aersm;ukd owif;ay;yk@d jcif;/ ppftm%m&Sirf sm;. vl t h cGit hf a&;csK;d azgurf r_ sm;ukd zGix hf w k jf cif;/ ajray:ajratmuf (2)ykid ;f cGI J vkyjf cif;wkd jh zifh +rKd @jyajymuf=um;tzG@J rsm; ESihf tjyeftvSeef m;vnfr, _ I l vkyaf qmifomG ;=ubk@d vko d nf? xked nf;wl ausmif;om;rsm;/ &[ef;ysKrd sm;uvnf; NLDESihf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;ukd 0ef;&Hay;jcif;/ ppftyk pf t k cuftcJawG@aprnfh qkawmif;arwWmyk@d yGrJ sm; usi;f yjyK vkyjf cif;(Oyrm-‘jrefrmEdik if H jynfwiG ;f ppfyaysmufa&; qkawmif;yGrJ sm;/ jrefrmEdik if H +ird ;f csr;f om,ma&;qkawmif;yGrJ sm;jyKvyk jf cif;’)xko d @dk jyKvyk yf gu ppftm%m&Sif qef@usiaf &;r[kwyf J ‘+ird ;f csr;f om,ma&;twGu’f [k acgi;f pOfwyfxm;ojzifh jyK vkyo f rl sm;ukd zrf;qD;bk@d tvGecf ufayvdrrhf nfjzpfonf? +rKd @ywfqrD ;D ylaZmfI qk awmif;yGrJ sm;ukd csw D ufjyKvyk v f #if ppftm%m&Sipf epfudk qef@usirf r_ ygojzifh t vGex f ad &mufaom v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;jzpfayonf? jynfyEkid if aH &;tiftm;pkrsm;taeeJ@ US, UN, EU, JAPAN, AUSTRALIAEkid if H wd@k wGif aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;/ qENjyyGrJ sm;/ vrf;av#mufyrJG sm;/ tpmiwfcq H ENjyr_rsm;/ tpk;d &tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufI vuf&jdS refrmEkid if v H @l tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd ppfwyfrS rnfuo hJ @dk csK;d azguaf ea=umif; zGichf sjcif;/ rdrw d @kd bufudk axmufcv H m atmif rJq, G jf cif;wk@d ukd jyKvyk Ef ikd af yonf? xk@d jyif jynfwiG ;f &Sd tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ukd vkt d yfonfah iGa=u;/ ypPn;f ud&, d mrsm;pkaqmif;/ axmufyjhH cif;/ jynfwiG ;f jynfy

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

9

awmfveS af &;aqmif;yg; 'Dru kd a&pDtpd;k &jzpfxeG ;f vmjcif;




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NLD







u&if/ u,m;/ u&if/ csif;/ rGe/f &ckid /f &Sr;f / Arm(ausmif;om;) Action Group

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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tifwmAsL; awGukd olw@kd ud(k puFmyl) usaemfw@kd ay;xm;ygw,f? 'Da±G;cs,cf iG u hf rkd S olw@kd u yDyjD yifjyife@J jywfjywfom;om; eJ@ ra±G;cs,b f ;l qdck &hJ if qufvuf+y;D awmhrS Singapore Air Lineydik w f hJ Silk Air Lineudk Edik if w H um&J@tul tnDe@J oydwaf rSmufomG ;zd@k &Syd gw,f? 'Dvrkd sK;d vkyaf qmifwt hJ ay:rSm 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkawGuvnf; 0dik ;f 0ef; vkyaf qmifay;apcsiyf gw,f? ar;? ? ajz? ?

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rSOD;pD;I aEG&moDyJGawmfusif;yjyKvkyfjcif;

OISCA NGO's

*syefEdkifiH&Sd NGO'stzJ@G tpnf;wckjzpfonfh OISCArSO;D pD;I *syefaEG&moDyaGJ wmfukd ‚wd@k ±H;k csKyaf b;&Sd Suginami-ku uav;upm;uGi;f wGif =o*kwv f 20 &uf(paeae@) nae 5;30 rS 9;00 em&Dxd usi;f yðyvkyo f mG ;cJyh gonf? ‚yJaG wmfwiG f tm&Stpm;taomufaps;qdik cf ef;rsm;ESihf *syef±;kd &m aEG&moDtursm;udyk g wifqufomG ;+y;D / xl;jcm;csurf mS jrefrmtuudyk g xnfo h iG ;f wifquf oGm;cJyh gonf? jrefrmtutm; rcsKcd sKx d eG ;f u ‘rHa_ ±$&nf’oD;csi;f jzifh wifqufazsmaf jzoGm;cJo h nf? OISCA NGO'stzJ@G onf tm&SEi kd if rH sm;tygt0if urBmay:&Sd qif;&J'u k aQ &mufaeaom Edik if H (20)ausmt f m; ulnaD xmufyaHh eaom tzJ@G tpnf;wckjzpfonf? ,QKvuf&dS jrefrmppftyk pf t k m; ODAESihf pdu k yf sK;d a&;twGuf t"duxm; ulnaD xmufyahH y;v#u&f +dS y;D jrefrmjynfwiG ;f Yvnf; OISCA Agro-Forestry Training Centerudk rauG;wdkif;/ yckuULòr@wGif zGifhvSpfxm;cJo h vkd &efuek w f ikd ;f / r&rf;uke;f òr@e,f/ urBmat;bk&m;vrf;&Sd uef&yd v f rf; (19§6 B)wGif ±kH;csKyftjzpf tajcpdu k x f m;ygonf? tqdyk gaEG&moDyaGJ wmfukd ESppf Of e³t³zppftcGe±f ;kH ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif ±Gucf ahJ omfvnf; ,QKEpS w f iG f xl;jcm; pGm jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;ae ol r sm;tm; zd w f = um;cJ h o nf h t wGuf tH=orda=umif; wufa&mufchJ ol jrefrmwOD;rS ajym=um;cJah =umif; od&&dS ygonf?

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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26 }udrfajrmuf *syefEdkifiHwGif todrSwfðy/ tajccsaexdkifv#uf&Sd aom 'kuoQ nfrsm;ESihf av#mufxm;olrsm;twGuf ,Ofaus;r_yaGJ wmf ‘tm&Swu kd o f m;rsm;. vlrz_ v l akH &;ESihf ynma&;azmifa';&Si;f ’rS OD;pD;I *syefEikd if w H iG f ESp&f n S af exdik o f l 'kuo Q nfrsm;ESihf av#mufxm; olrsm;twGuf ,Ofaus;r_rw d q f ufyaGJ wmfukd 2006 ckEpS /f atmufwb kd mv 23 &ufae@wGif usi;f yrnfjzpfonf? *syefEikd if w H iG f ESp&f n S af exdik cf iG &hf +y;D olrsm;. wOD;csi;f aomf‚/ rdom;pktvku d af omf‚/ toif;tzJ@G rsm;tvdu k af omf‚/ rdrEd ikd if /H vlrsK;d pk ,Ofaus;r_"avhx;kH pHrsm;/ tqdt k ursm;udk ºua&mufvmaom y&dowfrsm; od&adS p&ef rdwq f ufoq D jkd cif;/ ujcif;rsm;tjyif rdrw d @kd . v_y&f mS ;r_pm±Gupf mwef;rsm; jzef@a0jcif; ðyvkyaf vh&ydS gonf? ,QKxd jyKvyk cf +hJ y;D aom yJaG wmfrsm;wGif tif'ckd sKid ;f em;'kuo Q nfrsm;. v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;om ðyvkycf ahJ omfvnf; ,QKEpS rf pS I jrefrmEdik if o H m; rsm;ESihf jrefrmjynfta=umif;udk {nfyh &dowfrsm;odEikd af p&ef rdwq f ufðyvkyjf cif;tjyif jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ tqd/k tursm;yg azsmaf jzwif qufrnfjzpfojzihf rysurf uGuf ºua&muftm;ay;=uyg&ef owif;aumif;yg;tyfygonf? usif;yrnfah e@? ? 2005 atmufwb kd m 23 &uf(we*FaEGae@) usif;yrnft h csde?f ? ae@vnf 1;00 em&DrS nae 4;00 em&Dtxd usif;yrnfah e&m? ? SHINAGAWA-KU, SOGOKUMIN KAIKAN, 8 KAIDAI HALL, OOIMACHI EKIMAE MARUI DEPT 8F tao;pdyo f v d ykd gu- 'kuo Q nfun l aD pmifah &Smufa&;XmecsKy(f 03 5792 5207)/ rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unfw h u kd (f 03 3364 5163) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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16

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17

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18

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touf(32)ESpo f m&Sad o;aom *syefEikd if w H iG f vlord sm;+y;D / emrnfausmrf sm;pm&if;wGiv f nf; yg 0ifaeaom 'Takafumi Horie'onf v$waf wmf udk,fpm;vS,fa±G;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifrnf[k =o *kwfv(19)&ufae@wGif xkwaf z:ajym=um;vdu k yf gonf? *syefEikd if w H iG f 0ef}u;D csKyu f t kd Zd rl o D nf =o*kwv f (8)&ufae@wGif atmufvw $ f awmfukd zsuo f rd ;f cJ+h y;D aemuf ,if;atmufvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; jyefvnf a±G;aumufyu JG kd vmrnfhpufwifbmv(11)&ufae@wGif usi;f y&ef&adS eonf? 'Takafumi Horie'onf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,fe,fajrtrSw(f 6)jzpfaom [D&&kd ;DS rm;twGuf yg0if,OS +f yKd irf nfjzpfonf/ olonf *syef0ef}u;D csKy. f vuf&dS jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;tpDtOfrsm;. eHygw(f 1)jzpfaom 'Postal Reform'udv k nf; tjynft h 0axmufco H nf[ak jymqdv k u kd yf gonf? od@k &mwGio f o l nf 0ef}u;D csKy. f tm%m&ygwjD zpfaom 'LDP'ygwDtaejzifh yg0if,OS +f yKd irf nfr[kwb f J woD;yk*v ~ taejzifo h m yg0if,OS +f yKd irf nfjzpfonf[k ajymqdv k u kd yf gonf? ol,OS +f yKd irf nfh [D&&kd ;DS rm;e,fajrwGif t"du &ifqikd &f rnfh +yKd ib f ufrmS 'Shizuka Kamei'jzpfonf/

Ð *smr%DEikd if w H iG f 2001ckEpS Yf zrf;qD;cHchJ &ol armf&u kd Ekd ikd if o H m; 'al-Motassade'tm; =o*kwv f (19)&ufae@u 'Hamburg' w&m;±H;k rS axmif'%f(7)ESpf csrw S v f u kd +f yjD zpfonf? touf(31)ESpf&Sdol 'al-Motassadek' onf tmzuefepPwefwGif tajcpdkufxm; aom 'al-Qaeda'. t=urf;zufavhusiahf &; oifwef;rsm;wGif (2000)ckEpS u f wufa&mufchJ olwOD;jzpfonf[v k nf; ajzmifch suaf y;cJo h nf? olonf 9§11 t=urf;zufr}_ u;D wGif av,mOfjyefay;tzG@J acgi;f aqmifjzpfol 'Mohammed Atta'ESiv hf nf; &if;ES;D oljzpfc+hJ y;D tar&duefqef@usiaf &;ESihf bm oma&;tpGt J vef;}u;D jcif;wd@k wGiv f nf; jyif;xefow l OD;jzpfco hJ nf? xd@k tjyif av,mOfjyefay;orm;rsm; av,mOfoifwef;ausmif;wufaepOf umvrsm;wGiv f nf; olonf aiGa=u;axmufyrhH a_ &;&mrsm;wGiyf g0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h l wOD;jzpfco hJ nf? *smr%DEikd if w H iG f tajcpdu k af eonfh t=urf;zufvy_ &f mS ;r_tzG@J rsm; onf 1992 ckEpS cf ef@wGif pwifouf0ifvy_ &f mS ;vmaecJ&h m 'al-Motassadek'onfvnf; ,if; tzG@J rsm;ESihf qufo, G rf cd jhJ cif;jzpfonf[q k . kd /

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ESpEf ikd if yH ;l aygif;I ordik ;f 0ifyxrOD;qH;k t}udrf ppfa&;avhusirhf j+ yKvkyjf cif;?

w±kwfEdkifiHESifh&k&SEdkifiHwdk@onf ESpfEdkifiHyl;aygif;um yxrOD;qHk;t }urd t f jzpf ppfa&;avhusiyhf w JG ckukd =o*kwv f (25)&ufae@Y w±kwEf ikd if H ta&Sb › ufurf;ajca'owckjzpfaom 'Shandong Peninsula'a'owGif usi;f ycJ=h uygonf? ,if; ppfa&;avhusifhyGJ}uD;wGif w±kwpf pfonftiftm;(7000)ausmEf iS hf ±k&pS pfonfrsm; (1800)ausmf yg0ifc=hJ u +y;D (8)&ufwikd w f ikd u f si;f yjyKvyk rf nfjzpfygonf? od@k &mwGif ±k&ES ikd if /H umuG,af &; 0ef}u;D 'Ivanov'url tckvkd ppfa&;avh usirhf }_ u;D udk w±kwEf ikd if EH iS hf yl;aygi;f jyK vkyjf cif;onf tjcm;rnfonfEh ikd if u H rkd S tusK;d oufa&muf xdcu kd rf r_ &Syd g[k xkwf az:ajym=um;vdu k yf gonf? tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfoufI tar&duefEikd if o H nfvnf; ,if;ppfa&;avhusiyhf u JG kd avhvmapmif=h unfah eovd/k w±kwEf ikd if EH iS hf eD;uyfvsu&f adS om wdik 0f rfEikd if u H vnf; rsuaf jcrjywfavhvmapmif=h unfv h su&f adS e=u.? vuf&dS urBmay:wGif tiftm;t}u;D rm;qH;k uGejf rLepfEpS Ef ikd if jH zpfonfh w±kwf ESifh&k&SEdkifiHwdk@onf tdrfeD;jcif;EdkifiHrsm;jzpfovdk/ wcsdefu&efolESpfEdkifiHjzpfcJh=u onf?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

19

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

Edik if w H umowif;rsm; Ð

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*syefw‹kd vufeufcsc&hJ aom ESp(f 60)jynfah e‹/ -o*kwv f (15)&uf ae‹wGif wdu k sK_d rdK‹awmf0ef tD&[ dS m &monf 'Yasukuni Shrine' od‹k oGm;a&muf*g&0jyKcJjh cif;/

trsK;d om;0g'[ D k aºu;a=umfaeol wdu k sKd +rKd @awmf0ef tD&[ DS m&monf =o*kwv f (15) &ufae@u usq;kH cJah v+y;D aom *syefvrl sK;d rsm;/ *syefppfonfawmfrsm;tm; jrKyEf x HS m; &m Yasukuni Adrmefo@kd oGm;a&muf*g&0 jyKcJhonf? tqdkyg 'Yasukuni Shrine'Y 'kwd, urBmppft+y;D wGif ‘urBmph pf&mZ0wfrsm;’[k owfrw S cf x H m;&ol *syefppfacgi;f aqmif(14)OD;wd@k udyk g jrKyEf x HS m;onfjzpfav &m ,ckrsuaf rSmufacwfwiG f *syefEikd if aH cgi;f aqmifrsm; ,if;Adrmefo@kd oGm;a&muf *g&0jyKjcif;tay: w±kwEf iS hf awmifu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if w H @kd u tjrw J rf;jypfwif±@H_ csae onfh Adrmefyifjzpfavonf? *syef0ef}u;D csKyf udt k Zd rl o D nfvnf; ESppf Of tqdyk gArd mefo@kd oGm;a&muf*g&0 jyKco hJ nft h wGuf w±kwEf ikd if EH iS hf qufqaH &;wif;rmr_rsm; jzpfymG ;cJ&h onf? ,ckEpS w f iG rf l *syef0ef}u;D csKyu f t kd Zd rl o D nf jynfwiG ;f Edik if aH &;tajctaetcsK@d d a=umifh wufa&muf jcif;rjyKcahJ y? od@k &mwGif vuf&t dS m%m&(LDP)ygwrD S 'kw, taxGaxGtwGi;f a&; rSL;jzpfol 'Shinzo Abe'tygt0if v$waf wmftrwfrsm;/ pkpak ygi;f (47)OD;wd@k onfvnf; xdak e@wGif oGm;a&muf*g&0jyKc=hJ uonf? tqdyk g 'Yasukuni Shrine'onf jrefrmvdjk yefqy kd gu ‘+ird ;f csrf;om,mapaom(ae&m) wdik ;f jynf’ [lIjzpfygonf? odk@&mwGif EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;. t,ltq(cH,lcsuf) vGefqGJr_ rsm;a=umifh tqdyk g'Yasukuni Shrine'ESihf ywfouf I r+ird ;f csr;f Edik af o;aom jy\emrsm;rSmrl qufvufjzpfay:wnf&adS eqJyif jzpfygonf?

Ð 'Los Angeles'avqdyu f kd AH;k cG&J ef}uHpnfco hJ l 'Ahmed Ressam'tm; axmif'%f(22) ESpf csrw S v f u kd jf cif;/ ouU&mZf(2000)jynfEh pS t f a&mufwiG f 'Los Angeles' tjynfjynfqdkif&mav qdyu f kd t=urf;zufA;kH azgucf &JG ef =upH nfchJ ol 'Ahmed Ressam'tm;/w&m;±H;k awmf rS =o*kwv f (26)&ufae@wGif axmif'%f (22)ESpf csrw S v f u kd +f yjD zpfygonf? 'Ahmed Ressam'onf 'DZifbmv (14)&ufae@wGif azgucf aJG &;vufeufrsm; ESit hf wl zrf;qD;cHc&hJ +y;D / ol.tr_ukd qH;k jzwfcsucf s&ef (5)ESpef ;D yg; tcsed , f cl &hJ onf? 'Ahmed Ressam'onf tmzuefepPwefEi dk if &H dS t=urf;zufavhusiahf &;oif wef;rsm;udk wufa&mufco hJ jl zpf+y;D / t=urf;zuftzG@J rsm;. tajctaeESihf vSsK@d 0Suf csurf sm;udv k nf; ajzmifch suaf y;cJo h nft h wGuf tckvkd (22)ESpo f m jypf'%fusccH hJ &jcif;jzpfonf/ od@k &mwGit f ar&duefw&m;±H;k a&S@aewOD;jzpfol 'John McKay'url 'Ahmed Ressam'tm; axmif'%f(65)ESpf csoifo h nf[k xkwaf z:ajymqdck . hJ / 'Ahmed Ressam'onf touf(38)ESpjf zpf+y;D / 'Algeria'Edi k if o H m;wOD;jzpfonf?

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+Adwed Yf usif;yrnfh jrefrmhEikd if aH &;aqG;aEG; yJG etz vkdvm;olrsm;om yg0if[kod& +Aw d ed t f pd;k &u OD;pD;usi;f yrnfh Witon Park jrefrmhEikd if aH &;aqG;aEG;yJu G kd vm r,fh pufwifbm(4)&ufuae (6)&ufae@txd vef'efòr@rSmusi;f yrnfjzpf+y;D 'Dtpnf;ta0;ukd a±G;aumufyt GJ Edik &f trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyef @J wdik ;f &if; om;Edik if aH &;ygwaD wGukd rzdwb f J ppftyk pf v k v kd m;ol trsm;pkuo kd m zdw=f um;cJh wJt h wGuf a0zefra_ wGxu G af y:aea=umif; od&I tzJ@G csKy±f ;kH udk quf oG,af r;jref; wJt h cg ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vw f OD;jzpfol OD;^m%f0if;u tckv&kd iS ;f jyygw,f? “olw l @kd ajymwmu tJ'rD mS tpnf;ta0;&Sw d ,fayg?h Burma Option &Sw d ,f ayg?h tJ'rD mS a±G;cs,v f @kd &w,fayg?h tJ'rD mS NLDud, k pf m;ðy+y;D awmh wufEikd rf vm;? ud, k pf m;v$wEf ikd rf vm;qdak wmh tJ'D UKrSm&Sw d hJ NLDwa,mufu usaemfw@kd NLD&J@ud, k pf m;vS,?f tJ'rD mS wufEikd rf vm; usaemfw@kd u rwufEikd b f ;l ? vef'ef rSm&Sad ewJh wa,mufa,mufuv dk nf; ud, k pf m;ðycdik ;f vd@k &rvm;? usaemfw@kd u tJ'v D v kd rJ &Sb d ;l ? tJ'v D kd OD;vGiu f , kd w f ikd f tajzay;vdu k w f ,fæ” 'Dtpnf;ta0;ta=umif; tao;pdyu f kd olw@kd rodovdk tjcm;b,foal wG wuf+y;D / bmawGtav;xm;aqG;aEG;rvJqw kd mudv k J taotcsm &Si;f jyjcif;r&Sd bl;vd@k OD;^m%f0if;u ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? 'DAb GD u D pHpk rf;&&Sw d o hJ wif;t& pD;yGm;a&;'%fcwfru _ kd a0zefavh&w dS hJ jrefrm wdik ;f (rf)owif;axmufa[mif; ro*ô/ roDwm(prf;acsmif;)/ a':cifow D m/ Living Colorr*~Zif;rS a'guw f mae0if;armife@J jynfyrSm Sanction qef@usiaf &;vkyf aewJh a'guw f mZmenfw@kd 'Dtpnf;ta0;udk wufz@kd pm&if;ay;xm;a=umif; od&ygw,f? ('DAb GD D 24 =o*kwf 2005)

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

20

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&yf jzpfcyhJ gw,f? ynmawmfoifomG ;ol awG/ oabFmom;awG[m jyefvm&if um;wpD;avmufygatmifawmh ukyf uyf}uKd ;pm;=u&ygw,f? [dw k ek ;f u a': vmawGyu kd x f m;vd@k vJ bmrSrxl;bl; r [kwfvm;? udk,fpD;csifvnf;jzpf/ jyef a&mif;csifvnf;&wJh um;0,fwmu wGuaf csuu kd w f ,fav? pD;yGm;a&; ‘wHcg;[pd’pepfukd ajymif; vdu k af wmh um;awGudk tvk;H t&if;eJ@ oGi;f wmawG/ wdu k ±f u kd v f ma&mif;wm awG jzpfvmygw,f? jynfwiG ;f rSmvnf; um;vdktyfcsufu us,fjyef@vmav awmh um;qdkwm oGif;ravmufygyJ? xk;H pHtwdik ;f aygah v/ tjrwfaumif; aumif;&r,fqdkwJh udpw P ikd ;f [m ‘rif;}u;D wm’udk ausmv f @kd rS r&wmuvm;? ppfAv kd /f ppfu/J ppfu awmf/ ppfa,mufz/ ppfr,m;ygw@kd t wGuf t}u;D tus,f vkypf m;cGi}f u;D jzpf oGm;avwmayg?h tJonfrSmwif ‘um;ygrpf’qdkwm ppf{u&mZfwdk@&J@ qkawmfvmbfawmf }u;D vd@k vnf; rnfayowJ?h bde;f vkyif ef; u&wJh aiGrnf;awGukd aiGjzLtjzpf a=u nmvdu k o f al wGukd ppfAv kd af wGu Edik if H awmfaZmwdursm;tjzpf owfrSwf+yD; ‘t*~r[mum;ygrpf’awGudk bGJ@awmf qkawmf ay;vdu k yf gw,f? wDAu GD vmwJh jrefjynfwcGif c&D;pOf owif;awGukd ppfAv kd af wGae&mrSm ±kyf

&Sio f ±kyaf qmifawG ajymif;xnf+h y;D ±kyf &SifygqdkwJh ‘ESHjynfpkyfarmifarmif’wdk@/ a&S;jrefrmrde;f rawG vifa=umufwhJ t a=umif;udk t}u;D tus,zf ek o f w k +f y;D vl i,fawGudk ya'o&mZfpdwfarG;ay;wJh ‘a'gufwmrvifwif;’wdk@/ 'Drdkua&pD Zmwfpifay:rSm tu,f'rD&atmif o ±kyaf qmifjy+y;D ppfAv kd af wGukd wu,f cspjf yvdu k w f hJ ‘a'guw f mrGr0G if;’wd@k vdk uyfzm; ,yfzm;yk*K~ v d rf sm;udk ‘owd;k oD&d um;yg;rpf’bG@J awG ay;awmfrcl w hJ ,f? tcsdK@ tpdk;&eJ@ zufpyfvkyfief;rSm um;&S,, f m0ifvyk cf siw f ,fq&kd if pG,f awmfwkapwDwdk@/ ppfAdkvf"rRm±kHwdk@rSm tvSLaiG t&ifxnfh&ygw,f? +yD;&if tvSLaiGjzwfyikd ;f jy+y;D um;0,fciG hf &S,f ,mygciG hf xkw=f u&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh aemufqkH;usawmhvnf; tedpPrwnfjrJbl;qdkwJh w&m;twdkif; um;ygrpfqw kd m jzpfvu kd f ysuv f u kd yf g yJ? awmf=umaezGiahf y;vdu k /f awmf=um ae jyefyw d v f u kd /f awmf=umae b,fuk r`%Du b,fvdkum;awG oGif;awmh r,fajymvdu k /f awmf=umaejyef&yfomG ; vdkuf/ vkH;csmvdkufaecJhwm rSwfrdzdk@ awmif cwfcufcuf? /3/ odyrf =umcifEpS af wGrmS awmh w±kwf eJ@ xdik ;f zufu0ifwhJ vdik pf ifru hJ m;eJ@ qdik f u,fawG jynfwGif;rSm v$rf;rdk;vmyg w,f? e,fpyfa'oawGqw kd m wzufe@J

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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tifwmeufowif;rsm;

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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oa&mfpm ajrm‡ ifaxmuf+y;D xef;&nfaomufwm qef;wmrSwv f @kd ? 'Dval wGu vdik pf ifru hJ m;awG qdik f u,fawGukd oGi;f vmwJt h cg b,fou l rS [ef@wm;wmrvkycf yhJ gb;l ? vlxu k aps;oufomvd@k wpwp 0,fp;D vm=u wm tawmfazmif;yGvmrS vdik pf ifrq hJ +kd y;D vdu k o f rd ;f ygw,f? oGi;f wJo h u l akd wmh t a&;r,lygbl;? a[m tck/ ppfwyfrSm um;r&Sad wmh tJ'o D rd ;f xm;wJh um;awG udyk J eHywfcsucf si;f wyf+y;D ok;H aeygw,f? 'Dtjzpftysuaf wGjrifawmh jyufv;Hk wckukd oGm;owd&ygw,f? vljyufw a,mufuajymvdu k w f ,f? “a[hæ ae@ pm; pma&;uav;uvnf; cd;k wmyJ/ ig; axmifpm;trwfuvnf; cd;k wmyJ/ ol wdk@ESpfa,muf b,foltjypf}uD;o vJæ”wJh? 'Dawmh aemufvljyufw a,muf u jyef a jzw,f ? “rdw Jh v l tjypf}u;D w,fæ”? /4/ jrefrmjynfrmS um;ygrpfawG zGiv hf u kd f ydwfvdkufvkyfwm/ vdkifpifrJhawG oGif; wmawGu=kd unf&h if jynfwiG ;f rSm um;vdk tyfcsufawG &Sdaew,fvdk@ ajymEdkifyg w,f? 'gayr,fh um;qdw k m um;&S±d eHk @J wif jynfph o Hk mG ;wJh t&mrSr[kww f m? um;twGuf avmifpmqDvw kd ,f? "mwfqeD @J 'DZ,fu t"duvdw k ,f? qD jzef@jzL;Edik zf @kd qdik af wG um;awG odak vSmif uefawGvw kd ,f? um;awGrsm;vmawmh vrf;awG us,v f mzd@k / rsm;vmzd@k vdw k ,f? vrf; cif;zdk@ uwW&mvdkw,f? vrf;azmuf vrf;xde;f odr;f a&; vkyif ef;awGvw kd ,f? ,mOf&yfpcef;awGvdkw,f? um;jyKjyif a&;awG pufypPn;f awGvw kd ,f? um;awGukd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf Edik rf ,fh pepfawGvw kd ,f? ,mOfausm ydwrf /_ ,mOfwu kd rf a_ wGukd umuG,Ef ikd f zd@k pepfawGvw kd ,f? oifwef;eJ@ avhusifhuGif;awGvdk w,f? um;udk pepfwus armif;wwf xdef;odrf;wwfzdk@ todynmay;zdk@vdk w,f? txl;ojzifh armfawmfum;eJ@vlrmS vlu wefz;kd yd&k w dS ,fqw kd m jrefrmjynf u um;armifoal wG em;vnfatmif t odynmay;zd@k vdw k ,f? wefz;kd }u;D wJh ±kyf

0wˆKawG ydik q f ikd v f mwmeJ@tr# vl@,Of aus;r_uvnf; wefz;kd jrifv h mzd@k vdw k ,f? um;wpD;&J@aemufrSm uyf+yD;vdkuf vmwJh ‘vdw k m’awGukd b,fvjkd znf=h u ygrh vJ? ud}k u;D ay: awG;avawG;av a0; ava0;av jzpfjzpfomG ;&vd@k yg? um;ygrpfvckd siv f @kd aqmifvu kd w f t hJ cGeq f ,f&mE_e;f u vdw k mawGukd jznhaf y; rSmwJv h m;? a&mif;cGe0f ,fceG f tjrwfcf eG f awGu jznfah y;rSmwJv h m;? vrf;cGef bD; cGef &yfem;cGeaf wGu jznfah y;rSmwJv h m;? tJovdrk jznfEh ikd &f if bmvky=f urvJ? /5/ jrefrmjynf&Sd uwW&mvrf;/ ajreD

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vrf;/ ausmufvrf;rsm;tm;vk;H ay:Y u rBmt&yf&yfrS xkwv f yk af om armfawmf um;rsK;d pkw H @kd onf tpDt&D jynf=h uyfae =uonf? a&mifpyHk ef;uk;H rsm;udk tajrm‡ if; vdu k f oG,cf sxm;onft h vm;? od@k aomf xdkum;rsm;onf wkyfwkyfr# rv_yf=u acs? tcsKd @u qDr&S/d tcsKd @upufysu/f tcsKd @u vrf;ydwaf e/ tcsKd @u vdik pf ift odr;f cHxm;&/ tcsKd @u tcGerf a=uæp aomta=umif;rsm;onf um;rsm;udk csKyaf ESmifxm;vdu k =f u.? rcsKyaf ESmifEikd f aomt&mrSm um;rsm;rSxu G v f maom rD;cd;k aiG@ tylaiG@ *ufpaf iG@rsm;yif jzpf.? taiG@aygif;pkHwdk@onf tyl&Sdeft

aygi;f udo k ,faqmifum jrefrmjynf rd;k ukyfpuf0dkif;qDodk@ vkwufae=u.? aumif;uif Y ndKri_d ;f aomwif;wdrjf zifh um;rsm;udk rd;k xm;av.? txufyg pmyd'k u f aemifEpS t f enf; i,fus&if ud}k u;D ay:a&;r,fh ‘+rKd @vm; tufaq;’xJu jzpfygw,f? t[J udk }u;D ay:wd@k u pdwu f ;l ,Of+y;D }uKd a&;ae wm? wu,fawmh tJovdrk jzpfcifrmS bJ um;ygrpfawG edÏw d o H mG ;rSm ud, k w f @kd a±$awGu od+y;D om;? nuf+y;D om;? 'grsKd ; awmh aema=u+y;D om; [kww f ,f[w k ?f Ò

?'Dru kd a&pDa&;twGuf trSew f u,f ud, k u f sKd;pGe@f vkyaf qmifaeolrsm;udk rqdv k ykd g rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg;

rme,fyavmc&D;onf armifpif-u,f r&’[k qkad omtcgwiG rf S aemufq;kH aomygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifvu kd jf cif;jzpfonf? *g&0ðyjcif;f em&u}uD;tm; *g&0ðyjci OD;Ek. Edik if aH &;t& wwd,wdu k u f u G rf mS ppftyk pf t k aeESihf a±G;aumufy&JG uf usaemfaxmifxJwGif&SdaepOf em,u}uD;OD;Ek(0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;Ek)tm; tm; twdtusrausnmygu rdr. d 'Dru dk a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J ukd zsuo f rd ;f ypf ESp}f urd o f ;kH }urd rf #yif tdyrf ufrufco hJ nf? touft&G,t f m;jzifh }u;D vS+yjD zpfI rnfjzpfa=umif;/ a±G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f @dk &mZoHay;yk@d jcif;/ a±G;aumufy+JG y;D pk;d &drrf o d nf? axmifuxGuv f m+y;D aemuf pHpk rf;ar;jref;rd&m use;f use;f rmrm&Sd onfah emufwiG yf if ppftyk pf o k nf tm%mv$aJ jymif; ay;rnf[k r,H=k unf&aom a=umif; od&ojzifh 0rf;omrdonf? em,u}u;D OD;EkEiS hf OuUX}u;D Akv d rf LS ;atmifw@kd a=umifh a±G;aumufyw JG iG f tEdik &f aom Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;taeESihf ppftyk pf x k w H iG f onf 1989 ck 'DZifbmvrSpI aetdrw f iG f tus,cf sKyjf zifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm; tm%mv$aJ jymif;ay;&ef awmif;qdjk cif;rjyKyJ Z&yfay:wGijf zpfap/ opfyifatmuf jcif; cHae=u&onf? wGijf zpfap/ tpnf;ta0;ac:,lI v$waf wmftjzpf owfrw S u f m tpk;d &zG@J pnf; e0w. a=ujimcsuf (11§92)t& ,if;yk*Kd~ v}f u;D rsm; tus,cf sKyrf S vGwf &ef OD;Eku }uKd wiftoday;cJah vonf? ajrmuf+y;D aemufY usaemfw@kd yg axmifuvGwv f mjcif;vnf;jzpfonf? em,u}u;D OD;Ek. ppftyk pf k tay: aemufq;kH Ekid if aH &;wdu k u f u G rf mS ,if;. ppft&m&SdwOD;onf em,u}uD;OD;EkxH vmI e0wa=ujimcsuftrSwf pifòyiftpk;d &tm; ppftyk pf u k zsuo f rd ;f ay;&ef twif;t"rRzt d m;ay;vmaom (11§92)ukd zwfjyonf? +yD;v#if ,if;a=ujimcsuft& em,u}uD;OD;Ektm; tcg zsuo f rd ;f ay;jcif;rjyKy/J rdru d , dk w f idk f zrf; tus,cf sKyrf S v$wv f u dk +f yD jzpfa=umif;ajym&m qD;xde;f odr;f cHvu dk jf cif;yifjzpfavonf? em,u}u;D OD;Eku ‘tus,cf sKyrf S v$wv f u dk usaemfonf jynfaxmifpk u&iftrsK;d om; v$waf y;Edik af =umif;/ ok@d &mwGif ordik ;f wGif r±_yf rsm;tzG@J wGif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfI em axG;apcsiI f rdrt d aeESirhf l rdr. d pifòyiftpk;d & ,u}u;D (0ef}u;D csKyaf [mif;) OD;Ek/ orw}u;D OD; tm; zsuo f rd ;f rnfr[kwaf =umif; ppft&m&Sd 0if;armif(ref; 0if;armif)/ v$waf wmfOuUXESihf tm; jyefajymvdu k af =umif; od&ojzifh usaemf &Jabmfo;kH usyd 0f if OuUX}u;D Akv d rf LS ;atmifw@dk jyKH ;rdonf? OD ; aqmif a om 'D r k d u a&pD E S i f h + i drf;csrf;a&;tzJG@ (1988)ckESpf/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD; csKyfwGif A[kdtvkyftr_aqmifaumfrDwD0if pwifvmaomtcg em,u}uD;OD;Ekonf 0g wOD; jzpfavonf? &ifhEkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifwOD;yDopGm }uD;rm; em,u}u;D OD;Ek zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;rcH&rD aomOm%ftajrmftjrifjzifh 'Dru kd a&pD&&Sad &; OD;Ek. txufjrefrmEdik if cH &D;pOftm; pDpOf&m twGuf ppftkyfpktay:wGif EdkifiHa&;wdkuf wGif &efukefrSawmifiltxd c&D;pOftm;‚/ uGufqifcJhonf? vufyw H ef;rS &efuek t f 0ifc&D;pOftm;‚/ Edik if H OD;Ek. yxrqH;k aom Ekid if aH &;wdu k u f u G f rSm a&;pnf;±H;k a&;t& xdxrd rd &d adS p&ef usaemfyif ‘'Drdkua&pDESifh+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@’ukd zGJ@pnf; wm0ef,I l pDpOfc&hJ avonf? +y;D v#if em,u +y;D aemuf ‘jynfou l ay;tyfxm;aom rdr. d }uD;OD;EkESifh OuUX}uD;AkdvfrSL;atmifwkd@onf tm%mudk rdru d jyef,v l u kd +f y’D [laom a=u Ek id if aH &;/ vlra_ &; ESiq hf ufE, G v f suf tzG@J csKy. f nmcsuEf iS hf pifòyiftpk;d & zG@J vku d jf cif;jzpfonf? wm0efw&yftaejzifh usaemht f m;oD;jcm;ay; ,if;OD;Ek. tpk;d &tm; yxrae@rSmyif uk tyfco hJ nfh wm0efrsm;vnf; &Sad yao;onf? vor*~tygt0if EkdifiHaygif;(1&)EdkifiHu (1989)ckESpf rkd;&moDtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH axmufccH +hJ y;D 'kw, d ae@wGif (4)Edik if u H quf t&yf&yfY qefravmufriSjzpfav&m em, vufaxmufccH jhJ yefonf? ok@d &mwGif xdpk Ofu u} uD;OD;Eku e0wppftkyfpkrS oabmwlyg EdkifiHa&;tajctaet& 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk v#if ,if;vdt k yfvsu&f adS omqeftm; ol. rsm;twGif; t,ltquGJjym;=u&mrS OD;Ek. yk*Kd~ vaf &;t& tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tpk;d & pifòyiftpkd;&onf toufr0ifyJ &SdoGm;av xHwGif awmif;cHay;rnfjzpfa=umif; pmw onf? aemufyidk ;f a&mufvmaom tcgwiG rf S apmif usaemftm;a&;ckid ;f .? ,if;pmtm; OD;Ek OD;Ek. pifòyiftpk;d &tm; tpktzG@J aygi;f (200) uk , d w f ikd f vufrw S af &;xk;d &ef OD;Ek&&dS m rEWav; ausmu f axmufcv H mcJ=h uonf? +rKd @ok@d usaemfvu dk o f mG ;&onf? 1916-1989 ppftyk pf t k ay:wGif OD;Ek. 'kw, d wdu k u f u G f xk@d aemuf e0wppftyk pf . k owif;pmrsm; rSm ppftyk pf . k uwdpum;tm; r,H=k unfaom wGif ae@pOf&ufqufazmfjyaeaom u&ifaomif;use;f r_rw S w f rf;udpP jzpfav a=umifh ta&;awmfyu kH mvtwGi;f yxrqH;k zG@J pnf;aom ‘'Dru kd a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f onf? ,if;u&ifaomif;use;f r_ rSww f rf;tm; Adv k cf ifarmifav;jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D csr;f a&;tzG@J ('D/+ird ;f )’tm; rSwyf rkH wifyx J m;jcif;/ ‘rSwyf rkH wifv#if Ekid if aH &;vkycf iG hf rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; b0wGif rSww f rf;xm;&eftvd@k iSm jyKpx k m;aom pmwrf;wapmifjzpfonf? ok@d &mwGif e0wppftyk pf v k ufxufY ,if;rSww f rf;tm; ae@pOf&ufquf owif;pmYazmfjyae&m 'Dru dk a&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J u vlrsK;d a&;t& txif tjrifrmS ;,Gi;f Ekid o f jzifh &yfqidk ;f ay;&efawmif;qdo k nfph mjzpfonf? ,if;pmukd usaemfa&;om;+y;D aemuf tpnf;ta0;u twnfjyKojzifh OuUX}u;D Akv d rf LS ; atmifvufrw S af &;xk;d I e0wud, k pf m;vS,f &efuek pf pfwikd ;f rSL; Adv k cf sKyrf sK;d !Ge@f xH ay;ykd onf? OuUX}u;D Akv d rf LS ;atmifEiS hf Akv d cf sKyrf sK;d !Ge@f wd@k ESpOf ;D awG@qH=k u+y;D aemufwiG f owif;pmrsm;Y u&ifaomif;use;f r_rw S w f rf;tm; &yfqidk ;f vdu k o f nf? e,u}u;D OD;EkEiS hf Akv d rf LS ;atmifw@kd . wm0efay;csut f & usaemf trSwx f if xif wm0efxrf;aqmifc&hJ onfh aemufq;kH wm0ef}u;D wckrmS orw}u;D OD;0if; armif(ref;0if;armif). psmyeudpyP ifjzpfavonf? OD;[email protected]&;tcif;+y;D onfh aemuf ordik ;f 0ify*k Kd~ vrf sm;. psmyeudpaP y:ayguv f mv#if oufqidk &f mrdom;pk rsm;vnf; pk;d &dryf yl efjzpf=uavonf? Edik if aH wmftpk;d &uvnf; rsuv f ;kH a'guf axmufI =unfah ewwfonf? orw}u;D OD;0if;armifonf uG,v f eG cf sed Yf 'Drdk ua&pDEiS +hf ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J csKy. f OuUXjzpfonf? zufqpfawmfveS af &;Y jrefrm Ekid if aH jrmufzsm;ykid ;f ukd ajcvsiq f efI avxD;jzifq h if;cJo h jl zpfonf? ygwpD 'kH rD u dk a& pDtpk;d &acwf. aemufq;kH aom Edik if aH wmforw}u;D wOD;vnf; jzpfonf? usaemfonf tdyo f eG zf marSmuf wm0ef,&l aom psmyeaumfrw D . D twGi;f a&;rSL;vnf;jzpfonf? ok@d &mwGif q&mOD;ode;f azjrifu h , G v f eG pf Ofu psmyeaumfrD twGif;a&;rSL;tawG@tñuHonf usaemftzkd@ rsm;pGmtaxmuftul&&Sdapyg onf? +y;D v#i(f 'D/+ird ;f )tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf rdom;pkrsm;uvnf; usaemfvt dk yfonf rsm;tm; 0kid ;f 0ef;jznf@qnf;ay;=uonf? ok@d jzifh rsm;pGmtqifajyapygonf? ckEpS &f uf/ ckEpS v f D psmyeajrrusrcsi;f psmyer¾yfxYJ usaemftcsed jf ynfh ±H;k oabmxkid af e&onf? em,u}u;D OD;Ekonf naeykid ;f Y wae@wacguf psmye r¾yfo@dk vmI tpnf;ta0;xkid o f nf? psmyejyifqifrt _ ajctaet&yf&yftm; usaemfuwifjy&onf? vkt d yfonfrsm;tm; OD;Ek/ Adv k rf LS ;atmifEiS hf tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufvmolrsm;u jznfq h nf;ay;=uonf? psmyeaumfrw D . D tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & psmyecsrnfah e@wGif orw }u;D . uk, d af &;tusO;f csKyf pmwrf;i,fwapmif xkwaf 0jzef@cs&d ef qH;k jzwfonf? ,if;pmwrf;tm; yxrwGif OD;oef;pdeaf &;om;&efjzpfaomfvnf; ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh OD;oef;pderf a&;jzpfaomtcg usaemfah cgi;f ay:ok@d yHu k svmjyefavonf? {nfyh &dowfrsm;ESihf a0;&mpsmyewae&mY usaemfae&m,lvu kd o f nf? us aemfv h t kd yfonfrsm;uku d n l &D ef &Jabmf(2)OD;vnf; reD;ra0;wGif toif&h adS e=u onf? xkt d csed rf pS I usaemf.pdwt f m±ku H dk usaemfu h , dk x f rJ mS xm;+y;D orw}u;D OD;0if;armif. uk, d af &;jzpfpOftusO;f tm; usaemfpwifa&;om;&m (2)em&Dom omavmuf w G i f + yD ; ajrmuf o G m ;avonf ? naepsmyetpnf ; ta0;wG i f usaemfu, dk w f idk f ,if;pmwrf;tm; zwf=um;wifjy&onf? em,u}u;D OD;Eku aumif;onf/ jynfph o kH nf[ak xmufco H jzifh tpnf;ta0;u twnfjyKvu dk af v onf? nwGi;f csi;f atmh(zf)pufjzifh yHEk ydS af v&m orw}u;D . uk, d af &;tusO;f csKyf pmtkyu f av; xGuv f mavonf? axmifuxGuv f monfrmS &ufowWywf(3)ywfcef &h +dS yjD zpfI tom;uspjyK vmonf? okd jh zifh em,u}u;D OD;Ektm; *g&0jyK&ef *Gwv W pfq&mpHvrf;ok@d xGuf vmcJo h nf? aetdrw f iG f OD;Ektm; toifah wG@&aoma=umifh 0rf;omrdonf? xkad e@ u a':jr&DrmS tenf;i,faeraumif;ojzifh tdycf ef;xJwiG f rSed ;f aeonf[k od& onf? a': jr&Donf OD;EkEiS Ahf v dk rf LS ;atmifw@dk tus,cf sKyjf zifx h ed ;f odr;f cHae&pOf tzG@J .arwWm&yfccH sut f & 'D§+ird ;f tzG@J csKyw f iG f cifyeG ;f onfu, dk pf m; em,u wm0efudk ,lay;onf? a±G;aumufyt JG }uKd jrefrmhtoHwiG f a': jr&Dajym=um; aomrde@f cGe;f tm; tzG@J .wm0efay;csut f & usaemfyifa&;om;cJ&h onf? OD;Eku axmiftwGi;f tajctaersm;ukad r;jref;&m yxrwGif wGb J ufaxmif

wGiaf ecJ&h a=umif;/ aemufyidk ;f wGif axmifr}u;D bufo@dk ajymif;a±$@aecJ&h a=umif; usaemfu&Si;f jyonf? TwGif OD;Eku +Aw d o d #acwfu olw@dk ocifEidk if aH &;orm; awGaecJah om wGb J ufaxmifonf olaX;om;awGaeovk/d pm;ovkd aecJ&h a=umif;/ ola&;om;aom ‘&ufpufygayhu, G ’f pmtkyo f nf omreftusO;f om; awGtwGuf a&;om;jcif;jzpfa=umif;ajymjyavonf? TwGif usaemfvnf; vuf&adS xmiftajctaeukd &Si;f jy&awmhonf? Akv d cf sKyf }u;D ae0if;vufxuf(1973-74)avmufrpS I Ekid if aH &;orm;rsm;tm; omref&m Z0wftusO;f om;rsm;enf;wl wef;wlxm;vku d af =umif;/ ,cifxm;&Sad om ukwif awGukdyif z,f&Sm;vdkufojzifh oHrHwvif;ay: Y cg;w0ufausmfausmf&Sd ES;D zsmay:wGif tdy&f a=umif;/ em,u}u;D . 0ef}u;D csKyaf cwfuuJo h @dk wywfwiG f ‘0uf/ =uuf/ =uuf/ ig;/ 0uf/ =uuf/ ig;’rauí;awmhbJ =umoyaw;w&ufxo J m tom;wwH;k ay;awmha=umif;/ use(f 6)&ufrmS yJ[if;a&usEJ iS hf eHapmfaeaom pdr;f pm;ig;yduo dk m pm;&a=umif;/ aq;0g;vnf;rvHak vmufojzifh usaemfu, dk w f ikd f 0rf;uku d yf ;dk 0if&m aorJq h q J jJ zpfc&hJ a=umif; &Si;f jy&avonf? usaemfph um;qH;k v#if OD;Ekonf bk&m;æbk&m;/ 'kuæ Q 'kuæ Q [lI bk&m; w um 'kut Q m; ±Gwrf w S af e&Smavonf? xk@d aemuf usaemfonf ouf±, G }f u;D vS+yD jzpfaom OD;Ektm; at;aq;pGmaeapvdak oma=umifh OD;csuefawmhI jyefvmcJh onf? Tok@d jzifh =opa=w;vsEikd if o H @dk xGuv f m&ef usaemf reDvKdG i;f 'kuo < nfpcef; wGi&f adS epOf OD;Eku, G v f eG af =umif; bDbpD t D oHvi$ t hf pDtpOfrS =um;vku d &f onf? TwGif usaemfonf ‘OD;EkærjzHK/ enf;enf;rSrjzHK/ r,Hkprf;=unfh’acgif;pOfjzifh ‘acwfòyif’wGif aqmif;yg;wapmif a&;om;cJah vonf?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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bk&m;pl; ynm&Si }f uD;rsm; ylaZmfuefawmhyGJ (1) “a[m- q&mvmwmeJ@ tawmfyq J &m&,fæ” “at;æ ud, k v f J aps;vm&if; c&D;ñuv H @kd avæ” “usaemfe@J eef;pdeaf iG/ wzspaf wmufawmuf 'gukd yJ ajymaerd=uw,fq&mæ” “bmawGrsm;vnf; udak 'gi;f &J@æ” “a[majymyJu G q kd +kd y;D ajymawmh t}u;D }u;D yJ/ vm awmh q&m&,f tb‘jr0wD&aJ cgi’f wa,mufwnf; &,f/ usaemhyf g;udk usaemfjyef±u kd cf siw f ,fq&mæ” “'Dtcrf;tem;udk udak 'gi;f oGm;ao;vd@k vm;æ” “tcrf;tem;pcgeD;rSm usaemfhudkvmac:w,f q&mæ/ yJaG wmhysuaf wmhr,fayg/h usaemfu ‘ol}u;D &Sd&ufom;eJ@ q,ftdrfacgif;udk tazac:wJhaumif awGq+kd y;D ajymvGwv f u kd w f ,fq&mæ” “'geJ@ udka'gif;&,f/ b,folawG‘urux’ vky=f uovJu, G æ f ” “wa,mufuq&mæ aq;rrS0D &J &if em;xJrmS oHpw kH ;D 0dik ;f oHawG =um;ae&wJh ‘q&m}u;D OD;wifv h iG f OD;’/ aemufwa,mufu ‘i&refuef;’&J@wynhf ‘iyk uQq&m}u;D OD;armifaumif;’/ usew f a,mufuq&m/ ‘qH&n S (f rke@f [if;cg;)q&m}u;D OD;xGe;f xGe;f ’wd@k yJq&mæ” “[kw=f uovm;æ” (2) “wckar;csiv f @kd ygq&mæ” “uJ- udak 'gi;f ar;æar;æ” “pmayynm&Siq f w kd mudk &Si;f jyay;ygq&mæ” “at;æat;/ (1965)ckEpS /f pmqdak wmfae@rSm &ef ukerf mS &S=d uwJh pma&;q&mawGu ouf}u;D ±G,}f u;D / pmayynm&Sif}uD;awGjzpfwJh q&m}uD;‘OD;azarmif wif’/ q&m}u;D ‘a±$Oa'gi;f ’eJ@ q&m}u;D ‘[Hom0wDO;D b&if’wd@k udk ylaZmfuefawmhc=hJ uw,fu, G ?hf tJ'yD l aZmfuefawmhyt GJ crf;tem;rSm q&m}u;D a±$Oa'gi;f u q&m}u;D OD;azarmifwifukd &Scd ;kd uefawmhcyhJ gw,fæ” “ajymygq&m/ aus;Zl;wifveG ;f vd@k ygq&mæ” “tJætcrf;tem;rSm q&m}uD;a±$Oa'gif;u ‘q&m}u;D OD;azarmifwifonf jrefrmpmayudk t*F vdyb f momjzifh jyefqEkd ikd &f ef txl;pdw0f ifpm;onfh yk*Kd~ v}f u;D jzpfygonf? 'Dvpkd w d 0f ifpm;wJt h wGuf q&m }u;D OD;azarmifwif bmomjyefqw kd hJ ‘0do'k r
omvdeDtXuxmusrf;’eJ@ ‘0dok'd wd@k udk ajzqdjk cif; jzifh Edik if jH cm;omoemudk ðyawmfrcl ahJ yonf? OD;a±$ZH atmifum; o+*Kõ vu f sr;f }u;D udk t*Fvyd b f momjyef qdjk cif;jzifh Edik if jH cm;omoemudk ðycJah yonf? ygarmuQ OD;azarmifwifum; 0do'k r
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

armifyn k (-opa-w;vs) eif;/ Z0e/ armifxif/ ode;f azjrifw h @kd aygu h , G æ f ” “'gq&kd ifq&m/ r,f(vf)befqw kd mvnf; ZD;±Guf avmuf&ydS gw,f? &Sw d phJ ma&;q&mu q&marmifyn k &,f/ (okawoD)aomif;pk&,f/ &Jabmfa'gi;f &,fy&J dS wmyJ/ olw@kd a&;wJzh w d pf mrSmu r,f(vf)befrmS &Sw d hJ pmayynm&Sirf sm;eJ@ ndE‡ ikd ;f wdik +f y;D 'Dtcrf;tem;udk vkyyf gw,f? zdw=f um;ygw,fqakd wmhq&m&,fæ” “'guawmhuakd 'gi;f &,f/ eifrodyeJ @J ‘aq;0g;azmf pyfenf;trsK;d rsK;d usr;f ’eJ@ ‘rke@f [if;cg;eJ@rke@f trsK;d rsK;d vkyef nf;usr;f ’awG wdww f qdwðf ypkaeaumif; ðypk aerSmaygh/ r_wfvm;æ” “'gq&kd ifawmh q&m}u;D a±$Oa'gi;f u q&m}u;D OD; azarmifwifudk ylaZmfuefawmhovdk usaemfwdk@ vnf; usrf;ðyyk*~dKvfawGudk ylaZmfuefawmh=u&if raumif;bl;vm;q&mæ” “udak 'gi;f uvnf;uG,/f ar;ae&ao;ovm;/ pdef vdu k af v=um;ovm;vd@k æ” “'gjzifq h &m/ txufu‘q&m}u;D OD;wifoef;OD;’ wd@k oH;k OD;tjyif aemufxyfEpS Of ;D yg xnfch siaf y;w,f q&mæ” “,l@oabmygyJ udka'gif;æ” “t[rf;- bGeaf wm ,ltufat/ uae'g/ tD;,l Edik if rH sm;eJ@ awmifu&dk ;D ,m;/ *syef/ =opa=w;vsm;/ xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfrusef a&muf&adS e=uaom ol awmfpifjrefrmtrsKd;om;rsm;cifAsm;/ r,f(vf)befòr@ rSm aexdik =f uwJh usrf;ðyyk*Kd~ vf(rl;,pfaq;usrf;eJ@ rke@f [if;cg;csuef nf;usr;f )emrnfausmf ‘q&m}u;D OD; wifv h iG Of ;D ’/ ‘q&m}u;D OD;armifaumif;’/ ‘q&m}u;D OD; xGe;f xGe;f ’eJ@ ‘q&m}u;D ty`m;em;aexGu’f / avSñupH ;D q&m}u;D ‘OD;csuf}u;D wd@k udk ylaZmfuefawmh&ef ºu a&mufawmfr=l uygcifAsm;æ” “aumif;æ odyu f akd umif;yJuakd 'gi;f æ”

25

Moe Thauk Kye Journal tar;tajzu¾

r*Fvmygrd;k aomuf=u,fcifAsm;æ/ usaemfu cifAsm;wd@k *sme,fukd vpOfapmifh zwfwhJ rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f&@J pmzwfy&dowfwOD;ygæ? cifAsm;wd@k *sme,fxrJ mS aqmif;yg;awGrsm;ae+y;D &oydik ;f enf;aewmudak wG@&yg w,f? u¾pHak tmif azmfjyay;&if t&rf;aumif;rSmbJæ tckvkd usaemfw@kd &J@ vdt k yfcsuu f kd axmufjyay;wJt h wGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f? u¾pHak tmif usaemfw@kd óu;pm;ay;ygr,fæ rd;k aomuf=u,fa&æ twif;ajymw,frxifyge@J ? t&ifu Edik if aH &;vkyzf @kd rajymeJ@ Edik if aH &;pum;ajym&ifawmif txifao;ovdk qufqcH w hJ v hJ al wG 'DEpS f &Spaf v;vH;k csw D ufqENjyyJrG mS acgi;f pnf;teDawGpnf;+y;D olxufigprG ;f wJh wdik ;f jynfu,fwif&iS f ol&aJ umif;awGvkd vufo;D vufarmif;wef;aewm jrif&ygvm;Asæ? 'Dval wG 'Dru kd a&pDvckd sifwmxuf &jzL*sDvckd sifwma=umifæ h t&ifacwfe@J ,ae@acwfrwlawmhb;l aemif}u;D ? t&ifu 'Dru kd a&pDrvkcd siaf y rJh tcktcgrSm tzrf;tqD;ursm;awmhæ ‘olvnf;avavmuDom;ayrdk@’vdk@ oabmxm;ay;vdu k yf gæ

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[Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f? usr*syefa&mufwm 10 ESpaf usmfae+y&D iS ?hf wae@u jrefrmjynfuzkd ek ;f qufawmh taru jyefrvmeJ@æ rd;k wGi;f rSm a&0yf+y;D jcifuu kd cf H ae&w,fwæ hJ ? tJ'ga=umifh olrsm;awGvyk o f vdrk sKd; 'DrmS aexdik cf iG &hf atmif vkyf Special Discount Air Tickets vd@k ajymvdu k v f @kd 'DrmS aexkid cf iG &hf atmif olrsm;awG bmawGvyk af e=uvd@k vJ k @kd wvrf;oGm;eSihf toGm;tjyefav,mOfvufrw S rf sm;? [ifæ
urBmEh ikd if aH ygif;pHo ADZmtrsKd;rsKd;/ [kw d ,fEiS hf jynfwiG ;f av,mOfvufrw S rf sm;? usaemfw@kd vnf; odcsiv f @kd vdu k af csmif;aewke;f ygæ/ od&if *sme,fxu J ae k w f ikd o f wif;yd@k I jyefrnfo h rl sm;twGuf aps;ouf wqifh azmfjyay;r,faemfæ
tzrf;cH&olrsm;ESihf ud, omaom jrefrmjynftjyefvufrw S rf sm;/ tzrf;cH&olrsm;twGuf oufqikd f &m Immigrationta&muf yd@k ay;ygonf? [Jvæ kd rk;d aomuf=u,f? tckwavm *syefv³0³u u &jzL*sDawG bke;f abmv f m0efEiS hf a&muf&adS eolrsm;/ atmudk ay;aew,fqakd yr,fh Edik if t H a&;ukd trSew f u,f vkyaf ewJo h al wGus
*syefjynfwiG ;f ausmif;wufaeolrsm;/ tvkyw jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf pD;yGm;a&;qufo, G v f yk u f ikd af eolrsm;? awmh ray;bJ rae@wae@urS xvkyw f o hJ al wGuu kd sawmh wzkwzf w k ef @J csay;ae H @kd tvnftywfjyefvo kd nfh (*syefšjrefrm)rdom;pkrsm;twGuf
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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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27

Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;rsm;

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