Mtk Vol2 No4

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

2

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jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 4969 689 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk gu(81)3 3364 5163 (81)3 3824 7448 (81)3 5394 4535 (81)5 2654 4186 T 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

3

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

4

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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March 26,

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

6

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jref r mwOD ; tzd k @ United Areb Emirates (UAE)tm &yfapmfbmG ;rsm;Edik if q H o kd nfrmS ta&St › v,fydkif;a'orS tm&yfEdkifiH/ tm&yf apmfbmG ;tkycf sKyo f nfEh ikd if /H tpPvrfbm om0ifw@kd . Edik if t H jzpf t=urf;zsi;f od xm; =uonf? xd@k xufyI kd odorl sm;u yif v,f&yfjcm;oGm; jrefrmoabFmom; rsm;ESihf olw@kd ESiehf ;D pyforl sm;/ UAEonf Duty FreetcGev f w G Ef ikd if /H tdrk *D g/ ±d;k vufp/f qDupkd onfh em&Drsm;0,fv#if tppfvnf;&onf? tcGefvnf;vGwf onf? aps;0,fIaumif;onhEf ikd if [ H k od xm;=uonf? UAEonf ta&St › v,fyikd ;f a'orS tcsr;f omqH;k pm&if;0ifEikd if H wEdik if jH zpf onf? ol@vlrsK;d ppfppfu 1³5 oef;om&Sd onf? urBmt&yf&yfrS vma&muftajc csaexdik o f rl sm; vma&muftvkyv f yk f udik o f rl sm;yg xnfah ygi;f vdu k v f sif 1988 pm&if;t& vlO;D a& 2³8 oef;&So d nf? xdo k @dk aomvlrsm;xJwiG f jrefrmEdik if H om;rsm;vnf; ygavonf? UAEvdk vl aer_b0/ ,Ofaus;r_"avhx;kH pH/ ombm t,l0g'/ bmompum;rwlnDonfh Edik if w H iG f jrefrmrsm; rnfo@kd rnfyakH &muf vmygoenf;æ´/ jrefrmrsm; rnfo@dk t ajccsaexdkif/ vkyfudkifpm;aomuf=uyg oenf;æ´/ jrefrmrsm;ESihf UAE rnfodk@ ywfouf=uygoenf;æ´ tvGepf w d 0f if pm;p&m aumif;vSygonf? jrefrmrsm; &mESichf s&D adS om UAEwGif jrefrmtcGe±f ;kH r&S/d jrefrmEdik if w H iG v f nf; UAEoH±Hk;r&Sd/ ADZmudpPtwGuf bef aumuf&dS UAEoH±;kH ESihf jrefrmrsm; quf oG,&f onf? xdik ;f / puFmyl/ qGpZf mvef Edik if rH sm;wGif jrefrmAdv k cf sKyw f @kd / tm%m ydik t f zJ@G tpnf;0ifw@kd b%fpm&if;zGi=hf u onfukd trsm;u odxm;=uonf? jref rmESihf tvSr;f a0;aom UAEwGiv f nf; jrefrmvlrsK;d wd@k b%fpm&if;zGix hf m;=u onf? UAEqdo k nfEh ikd if u H aiGrnf;udk aiGjzLjzpfatmif c0gcsEdkifonfh EdkifiHjzpf ae Iyif? tcGev f nf; vH;k 0raumufcH acs? UAEonf b%fpm&if;udkomru ol@EdkifiHrSm wdkif;wyg;om;wdk@udkvnf; aexd k i f c G i f h j yKxm;onf ? UAE wG i f Edik if jH cm;om;wd@k ajrvnf;0,fEikd o f nf? wdu k cf ef;/ td;k tdrw f @kd vnf; 0,fEikd o f nf?

Adv k c f sKhyw f ‹kd rsufpu d sp&m wae&m prf;prf;wif xdo k @kd 0,fv#if 0,foo l nf UAEwGif ESpf 100 xd aexdik cf iG &hf onf? vl@ouf wrf;u ESpw f &mr&Sv d ifu h pm; UAE Oy a'u ESpw f &mxd cGijhf yKxm;onf? xdak jr xdt k rd f xdt k cef;0,f,o l o l nf ol@ajr wGif woufv;kH aeayawmh/ 0,fo. l aemufrsKd;qufwdk@vnf; aeayav awmhqo kd nfyh ?kH UAEta=umif; aema=uatmif od aeolwOD;url rD;pwbuf a&r_ww f bufEikd if [ H q k o kd nf? tpPvmrfonf Edik f iHawmfbmomjzpfvifhupm; bmom a&;vGwfvyfcGifhay;xm;onf? c&pf ,mefb&k m;ausmif;rsm;vnf;&Sd [dELN bk &m;wausmif;vnf;&So d nfh Edik if v H rf;jzpf

onf? twGi;f odorl sm;u OD;omat; onf taousq;kH oGm;aom tm%m &SiOf ;D ae0if;. cspo f rD;onf;n‡m a'guf wmcifpENm0if;ESifh t&SifusqHk;oGm;ol jrefrmppfaxmufvrS ;f a&; t}u;D tuJ vnf;jzpfc/hJ Edik if aH wmf+ird 0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnf aqmufa&;tzGJ@ESifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf; om,ma&;aumifpw D @kd wGif twGi;f a&; rSL;(1)vnf;jzpfcJhonhf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif !$ef@. udk,fpm;vS,fawmf[k qdk=u onf? OD;omat;onf tif;pdepf ufrv _ uf r_odyH`ausmif;qif; +rdK@jytif*sifeD,m wOD;/ '*H+k rKd @opfazmfxw k af &;/ &efuek f a*guu f vyf wnfaqmufa&;wd@k wGif

rsm;onf &cdik jf ynfe,f/ e,fpyfrS jrefrm Edik if o H @kd 0ifcs/D xGucf sD tvDvv D yk af eol rsm;jzpfonf? pD;yGm;a&;uvnf; awmifh onf? UAEwGif aqmufvyk af &;ypPn;f qdik f zGix hf m;onf? xdo k El pS Of ;D qufpyfaygi;f zufomG ;=u +y;D 2000 jynfEh pS f ESpq f ef;ydik ;f wGif pI oGi;f uke/f xGuu f ek v f yk if ef; vky=f uawmh onf? pD;yGm;a&;rsupf &d o dS l OD;bat;u OD;omat;tm; *&dp;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sif rm&D,Ekd iS hf tquftoG,&f atmif ul nDonf? &vnf; &oGm;=uonf? OD;om at;ESifh rm&D,dkwdk@ yl;aygif;I York International[k ac:aom =u,fav; yGi[ hf w kd ,fziG =hf uonf? tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;

UAEwGif

Edik if jH cm;om;wd‹k ajrvnf;0,fEikd o f nf? wdu k cf ef;/ td;k tdrw f ‹kd vnf; 0,fEikd o f nf? xdo k ‹kd 0,fv#if 0,foo l nf UAEwGif ESpf 100 xd aexdik cf iG &hf onf?

onf? tdref ;D csi;f tD&efEikd if u H o hJ @kd ppftif tm;rawmifw h if;I tD&efEiS v hf nf; oifh jrwfatmifaygi;f onf? ta&;ta=umif; wpHw k &mjzpfvmv#if ol@bufu &yf wnfay;Edkifrnfh tvm;tvm&Sdaom urBmhxdyfoD;tar&duefESifhvnf; t vGr;f oifo h nf? +Aw d ed /f *smreD/ jyifopfw@kd ESifhvnf; oifhjrwfatmifaeonf? xdo k @kd aom UAEwGif aexdik =f uol jrefrmrsm;u OD;omat;qdo k nfh jrefrm wOD;udk aumif;aumif;}uD;odonf? 1995-96 ck 0ef;usiaf vmufwiG f UAE wGif OD;omat; b%fpm&if;vmzGifh

yg0ifco hJ /l puFmylEiS hf a[mifaumifw@kd wGif ukr% ` rD sm; zGiv hf pS x f m;ol/ pD;yGm; a&; vkyef nf;vky[ f ef wufu|r;f olwOD; jzpfonf? olaeawmh &efuek -f jynfvrf;/ puFmylo±H ;kH teD;? OD;omat;. jynfwGif;tquft oG,u f kd UAEESifh ,S,Ef , G &f ef =um;u yhyH ;kd olrmS OD;bat;? UAEwGif OD;bat; ESihf ol.nDrsm;aexdik af eonfrmS 35 ESpf cef@ &Sad vonf? olw@kd onf jrefrmEdik if H om; rSwfyHkwifu'frsm;udk rpGef@/ w bufwiG f b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if u H ;l vufrw S f udk udkifxm;=uonf? OD;bat;ESifhnD

vkyif ef;rsm;vnf; vky=f uonf? vufeufypGJ m; t&yfaumif;aumif;/ axmifaxmifarmif;armif; &cdkifom;OD; omat; [dkw,fvkyfief; &S,f,m0if vmoljzpfonf? ol@aemufuG,frSm awmh jrefrmtm%mydkif? OD;omat;onf [dw k ,fvyk if ef;ESihf EG,o f nft h cg pENm0if;onfvnf; UAE apmfbmG ;wOD;ESihf [kw d ,fupd P qufpyfrd =uonf? ouU&mZf 2000 ESpu f ek yf ikd ;f avmufujzpfrnf? UAEapmfbmG ;ESihf p ENm0if;wdk@ vkyfief;udpPt00 taus tvnfaqG;aEG;+y;D I pmcsKyyf if csKyq f Ekd ikd f

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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a'oEW&aqmif;yg; =uonf? vkyif ef;u &efuek f qD;'d;k em;[dk w,fwiG f umqDEu kd pm;0dik ;f zGi&hf ef/ pm k yf ikd af v csKyw f iG f UAEapmfbmG ;rsm; ud, ,mOfjzifh jrefrmEdik if o H @kd vmrnf? 0ifciG hf xGucf iG hf wHcg;r&Sd "g;r&Syd gonf? 0efxrf; rsm;yif a±G;cs,I f oifwef;yd@k csxm;av onf? od@k aomfvkyfief;u taumiftxnfay:r vm/ vk H j cH K a&;ta=umif ; jycsuf j zif h e³t³zbufu y,fcsco hJ nf? 0efxrf; 300 cef@ tvkyfvufrJhjzpfawmhrnf? UAEbufu xd0 k efxrf;rsm;tm; pmem axmufxm;aomtm;jzifh 'lbdkif;+rdK@&Sd =u,fcEk pS yf iG hf Burj Al Arab[dw k ,fY wokw+f y;D wokwf tvkycf ef@onf? od@k ESihf 1993 ckEpS af vmuf UAEwGif jrefrmta,muf 20 yif rjynfw h jynf&h dS cJh&mrS jrefrmOD;a& &mESifh&Sdvmjcif;jzpf onf? UAEwGif ,cifu &So d rl sm;u a&eH ukr% ` rD sm;Y vma&mufvyk u f ikd o f rl sm;

jzpfonf? pm&if;ppfrsm;jzpfvifhupm; ausmufrsu&f wemjyyJrG sm;wGif &wem rsm; ESppf Ofa&mif;csorl sm;vnf; jzpfonf [ko&d onf? &wemukeo f nf pm&if; ppfw@kd UAEwGif a':vm woef;wef tdrw f cef;r#r[kw/f wcef;v#if woef; wef tdrf 10 cef; 0,fxm;Edik o f rl sm; jzpf =uonf? UAEOya't& tdrcf ef;0,fI tjraJ exdik cf iG yhf g &xm;olrsm;jzpfonf? aemufwOD;&Sad o;onf? oluawmh jref r mEd k i f i H o m;r[k w f ? ZeD ; uom jrefrm-rGwq f vif? ol@emrnfu bm blaemf&'D ed ;f (Babu Noridenine)? bm blonf jrefrmEdik if w H iG f aumfzrD e_ @f puf±/kH Edk@r_ef@puf±HkESifh txnfpuf±Hkrsm; zGifh onf? 'lbikd ;f wGif bmbl±;kH cef;&So d nf? jrefrmhuek pf nfrsm;udk awmiftmz&du odk@ wifydk@onf? bmblonf puFmyl om;? puFmyl/ awmiftmz&du/ *smreD/ rav;&Sm;wdk@wGif vkyfief;rsm;&Sdonf? bmblESifh cGefqm tquftoG,f&Sd

onf[v k nf; owif;oJo h =hJ um;&onf? bmblESifh OD;omat; tquft oG,&f o dS nf? xd@k jyif bmblonf OD;cif armifvES iS hf tquftoG,&f o dS nf? OD; cifarmifvSonf UAEok@d 1997 urS a±$vrf; aiGvrf; azmufojl zpfonf? &ef uk e f o wif ; rsm;t& OD ; cif a rmif v S aemufuG,fY wOD;&Sdao;onf[kqdk onf? OD;cifarmifvo S nf Adv k cf sKy}f u;D rsm; twGuo f mru ±ky&f iS rf if;om;/ rif;o rD;rsm;twGufyg ±dk;vufpf/ tdkrD*gem&D rsm; 0,fay;onfh t0,fawmfwOD;jzpf avonf? UAEapmfbmG ;rsm;pD;onhf wH cg;ajcmufayguf rmpD;'D;um;topf puf pufrsm;udk Adv k cf sKyrf sm;twGuf 0,fay; oljzpfonf? onfxufyI kd qd&k v#if jref rme³t³ztwGuf wdkufav,mOfyif 0,fay;oljzpfonf? UAEwGif ol@um;jy cef;&So d nf? 'lbikd ;f wGif tdrw f vH;k oef; ESifhcsDwefaom tdrfav;ig;tdrfvnf;

Ïmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;rSKyGaJ wmf &cdik ,f Ofaus;rSK tzG‹J yg0ifqifEGJ ed&OP&mowif; Narinjara News,Dhaka,March 19

b*Fvma'csE›f ikd if /H 'uUm;+rKd @awmfwiG f rwfv(17)&ufae@rS (19) &ufae@xd jyKvyk af om Xmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_yaJG wmf odk@ &ckdif,Ofaus;r_tzGJ@rS wjcm;Ïmaewdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifhtwl wufa&mufyg0ifqifEaJG ea=umif; owif;&&So d nf? tqdyk g,Ofaus;r_yaJG wmftm; “,Ofaus;rSKuGjJ ym;pkv H ifro _ nf igwd@k twGuf *k%, f pl &m”trnfjzifh b*Fvma'csf›EdkifiHtajcpdkuf the Society for Environment and Human Development(SEHD)rS usi;f yjyKvyk jf cif; jzpfonf? Xmewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;rSKyaJG wmftm; oufrif;&mZm Devashis RoyrS zGiv hf pS af y;cJ+h y;D ppfwaumif;awmif wef;e,fqikd &f m 'k0ef}u;D Mani Swapan DewanESifh SHED OuUX Professor Sakhawat Ali Khantygt0if Ïmae wdik ;f &if;om; trsKd ;orD;/ trsKd ;om;&maygi;f rsm;pGm wufa&mufco hJ nf? ,Ofaus;r_yaJG wmftwGi;f Xmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ±d;k &mtoH;k taqmifypPn;f rsm;ESihf "gwyf jkH yyGrJ sm;tm; jycef;rsm;ESihf jyoxm;onft h jyif naeydik ;f Y ±d;k &m,Ofaus;r_tutvSrsm;ESihf wifqufajzazsm=f uonf? ,refae@naeydik ;f u &cdik , f Of aus;r_tzG@J rS Ak'y< al Zed,stuESihf o}ueF t f ursm;jzifh ajzazsm&f m wufa&mufvmol y&dowfrsm;rS ESp+f cKd upf mG tm;ay;cJ=h u onf? wjcm;Xmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_tzG@J rsm;rSvnf; wufa&muf ajzazsmcf =hJ uonf? Xmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;yGaJ wmfo@kd b*Fvm;Edik if aH exdik =f uaom wdik ;f &if;om;vl rsKd ;rsm;jzpfonfh b*Fv/D ouf/ rm&rm/ &cdik /f x&dy&l / csew f m (Shatal)/ r%dy&l /D csmvwm/ *ga&m/ vifa=u;tygt0if vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk ,Ofaus;r_tzGJ rh sm;rS yg0ifwuf a&mufc=hJ u+y;D oufqikd v f rl sKd ;tvdu k f ,Ofaus;rSt k ursm;jzifh ajzazsmcf =hJ uonf? &cdik v f rl sKd ;rSm b*Fvma'csE›f ikd if w H iG f ESpaf ygi;f ajrmufjrm;pGmuwnf;u aexdik f vmcJo h rl sm;jzpf+y;D 1937 jrefrmESihf tdE, dN tm; ydik ;f jcm;vdu k o f nfah emufyikd ;f &cdik f trsKd ;om;rsm;aexdik &f m e,fajrtm; ESpjf crf;cJcG v H u kd &f onf? trsm;pkrmS vuf&dS jrefrmEdik if x H rJ S &cdik jf ynfe,fxw J iG f yg0ifomG ;+y;D tenf;pk &cdik t f rsKd ;om;rsm;rSm ,ckb*Fvma'csE›f ikd if w H iG f useaf ecJ=h uonf? &cdik t f rsKd ;om;rsm;rSm b*Fvma'csE›f ikd if w H iG v f nf; wdik ;f &if;vlrsKd ;wrdsK;tjzpf todtrSwjf yK cHxm;&onf?

ydkifqdkifoljzpfonf? aemufjrefrmwOD;&Sdao;onf? ol@ trnftwdtusukd rod&aomfvnf; &pfcsu[ f ak c:rSe;f odonf? twGi;f odol rsm;u &pfcsuEf iS hf Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;}u;D oef;a±$ tquftpyf&Sdonf[k qdkonf? &pf csu. f yifrc&D;um; tD&ef/ tD&wfo@kd "mwkypPn;f t0,fawmfomG ;&if; UAE od@k 0if&if;xGu&f if; oGm;&if;vm&if; UAE'lbikd ;f +rKd @awmfwiG f uGey f sLwmvuf um;a&mif;ol/ 'lbikd ;f rS xdyw f ef; pD;yGm; a&;vkyfief;&Sif tD&efolaX; ASGAN tufp*f rfEiS hf qufr+d yjD zpfonf? tar&duefu jrefrmEdik if u H kd pD;yGm; a&;ydwq f @kd aomfvnf; jrefrmhtrd ef ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;/ tmqD,EH ikd if rH sm;u jrefrmAdv k f csKyw f @kd ESifh vufwrJG jzKw=f u/ b,focl cGJ GJ wd@k ruJG tjrpJ nf;±H;k rnfypkH rH sK;d jzifh jrefrmh o,HZmwrsm;udk &or#cGm,lae=u onf? jrefrmESihf ta&St › v,fyikd ;f Edik if H wdk@ a±$vrf; aiGvrf; yGifhaeonfudkrl trsm;u odyrf od=uao;ay? AdkvfcsKyfcif!$ef@ESifh qufEG,faeol wd@k jy\emay:=uaomfvnf; Adv k cf if !$e@f tjyKww f iG f bmr#rjzpforl sm;vnf; &S d o nf ? Oyrm OD ; atmif q ef ; OD ; . a,mufzrSm ol@pD;yGm;a&;ESifhol/ ol@ t&Sed Ef iS o hf l qufomG ;aeqJ? UAEESihf yJG pm;vkyaf y;ol OD;omat;vnf; jy\ emray:Edik [ f k qdo k u l qdo k nf? xdak om vlpm;rsKd;onf rnfonfhtauG@/ rnf onfw h ufEiS hf avSm&f rnfukd odonf? Adv k cf sKyw f @kd uvnf; Tr#avmuf tm; udk;&oludk qufvuftm;xm;&rnf om? OD;omat;wd@k vdv k pl m;rsK;d jzifh jrefrm Adv k cf sKyw f @kd onf jynfytm;ud;k Edik =f uay onf? ykqed ±f ;kd wd@k onf jynfyY aiG&if;ES;D jrKyEf =HS uonf? b%faiGpm&if; zGiEhf ikd =f u onf? UAEb%fw@kd onf Adv k cf sKyw f @kd rsufpdusp&m wae&mjzpfaeonfudk jrefrmwd@k tm; owif;yg;vdu k &f ygonf? aus;Zl;pum;? ? UAEESip hf yfvsOf;onfh tcsuf tvufrsm; &SmazGpak qmif;ay; ol a':vSvSpef;tm; txl; aus;Zl;wif&ydS gonf?

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

oli,fcsif;æ rif;vnf;cspw f o hJ el @J *syefrmS vufxyfvu kd w f ,f qdak wmh tckcsed f aysm±f i$ =f unfE;l aerSm trSeb f aJ emfæ? rif;qDukd tckvkd wul;wu pma&;&wJh ta=umif; &if;u rif;wd@k ZeD;armifErHS mS aemifr=umcif om;jzpfjzpf orD;jzpfjzpf arG;zGm;&tH;k rSmbJæ? tJ'v D kd om;orD;awG &vmwJt h cg om;orD;awG }u;D jyif;vmwJt h xd jyKpyk sK;d axmifay;&wJt h cg ud, k Ehf idk f iHr[kww f hJ 'D*syefEikd if rH mS p&dwu f }u;D av;awmh rif; wd@k ZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf tvkyu f kd tm;usKd ;rmefwuf vky&f rSm rif;wd@k vnf; todjzpfrmS ygæ? tJ'rD mS rif;wd@k ZeD;armifEu HS kd t"duta=umif;&if; eJ@ a&S@quf=uKH awG@&rJh tjzpftysuaf wGukd ajymjyxm; csiw f ,fæ? tJ't D a=umif;&if;awG[m ig&h ifxu J kd a&mufae wm =umaeyg+yæ D wdu k q f ikd cf siaf wmh tifwmeufu aewqifh xkwv f i$ v hf u kd w f hJ RFA toH v$iXhf meuae +y;D q&marmifom&&J@ ‘jrefrmvlrsKd;awG trsdK;aysmuf rSm pd;k a=umuf&yg&J@’qdw k hJ aqmif;yg;udk igem;axmif vdu k &f +y;D rif;qDukd 'Dpma&;vdu k &f wmygbJ oli,fcsi;f a&æ 'd@k jrefrmvlrsKd ;awG[m ud, k v hf rl sKd ;tcsi;f csi;f aomf vnf;aumif;/ wdik ;f wyg;om;§ole@J vufxyfvu kd =f u wm tckcsed t f cgrmS acwf&@J a&pD;a=umif;wckvkd ajym& rSmayghavæ? Ekid if &H yfjcm;rSm vufxyfvu kd +f yq D =kd uwmeJ@ om;o rD;awG&vmwJt h cg ud, k v hf rl sKd ;pum;awG rajymwwf =uwm trsm;pkawG@ae=u&w,fæ? rif;tcka&mufaewJh *syefEidk if rH mS qd&k if igw@kd jrefrm vlrsKd ;awG&@J om;orD;awG[m jrefrmpum;udk vk;H 0r

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

12

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

13

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ajym&if; Armr*~Zif;pmtkyrf sm;/ umwGe;f rsm;udk ruf armpGm zwfaeojzifh tHtm;oifrh . d (q,fausmo f uf uwnf;u tar&duefa&mufvmojzifh trsm;pkrmS pmrwwf=uawmhyg? tar&duefEiS rhf jcm; oGuv f uf pGm pum;ajymwwf=uaomfvnf;/ Armpm rwwf awmhay? a0òz;rSm pum;vnf; oGuv f ufpmG tar&d uefvdk ajymEdik o f vdk Armpmvnf; aumif;aumif;zwf ae&oljzpf.)? “nDav;u Armpm rzwfwwfayr,hf om;u awmh aumif;aumif;wwfwmq&m&J@æ”[k ajym um Armtpm;tpmrsm;udk vGepf mG cHrk ifojl zpfa=umif; awG@&.? u|Eykf u f ol=um;zl;[efrwlaom/ ol@taz. t zGm;jzpfol a':a':tH/k a':a':zHw k @kd . Zmwfvrf;rsm;udk ajymjyrdygonf? ywWjrm;wGi;f }u;D rsm; &SmawG@yHZk mwf vrf;rS rd;k ukwf q&mawmfb&k m;}u;D . wum&if; ausmif;tr}u;D rsm; tjzpf xif&mS ausm=f um;yHrk sm;udk ajymjy&m olu “'g qd&k if usaemfb h mG ;at}u;D u elebrityaygæ h ”[k ajym .? “'gwifrubl;avæ/ rif; tar&J@taz rif;zd;k zd;k qd&k if ygarmuQcsKyq f &m}u;D tjzpf 0dZm… odyw `H uUov kd f rSm wynfah wGu cspcf if=unfnKd whJ q&m}u;D aygæ h ” tpcsu D m wuUov kd t f a=umif;rsm;udk ajym&if;/ ol onf jrefrmhEikd if aH &;udk vGepf mG pdw0f ifpm;a=umif; ar; ygavawmh.? “usaemfppfwu kd w f m ody0f goemygw,f? OD;xGe;f atmifausmw f @kd ABSDFudk usaemf vdu k af vhvmcsif vdu k w f mæ”[k ajymum ArmEdik if aH &;udprP sm;pGmwd@k udk usaemf}urd zf efrsm;pGm &Si;f jyjcif;/ aqG;aEG;jcif;wd@k jyKc&hJ .? “om;u bGm;zHw k @kd vdk ywWjrm;olaX;vnf; rvkyf csib f ;l æ/ bk;d bd;k cwd@k vdk pmawmfwo hJ v l J jzpfvmrSm r[kwb f ;l æ? 'gayr,fh ud, k Ehf ikd if t H wGuf ta&;ygwhJ xda&mufwhJ wckcak wmh vkyaf y;csiw f ,fæ/ vkyjf ycsif w,fæ”[k ajymcJo h nft h wGuf usaemf vGepf mG tm;& auseyfrday.? olonf pmawmfo/l ^m%faumif;olr[kwaf omf vnf; ol@pdw"f gwu f kd ESpo f ufojzifh u|Eykf t f wwfEikd f qH;k tcsed af y;um pmoifay;cJjh cif; jzpfay.? *k%, f l zG,f jrefrmhppfo&l aJ umif;rsm;ta=umif;udk ol tvGef pdw0f ifpm;rd.? rdbbd;k bGm;rsm; acwftqufqufukd

‚/ ordik ;f wacwf jrefrmEdik if aH &;rsm;ud‚ k / oltvGef odem;vnfcsio f nf? pdw0f ifpm;onfukd u|Eykf f vGepf mG auseyfrday.? olajymjyojzifh u|Efkyfonf tar&duefa&muf q,fausmo f uf tv,fwef;/ txufwef; ausmif; om; ausmif;olwdk@b0udk rsm;pGm odem;vnf&.? u|Eykf o f v d o kd nfrsm;udk olonf tvGejf ynfph pkH mG ajym jywwfol tajymaumif;oljzpfonf? olonf trESijhf zpfap/ nDEiS jhf zpfap/ tazudjk zpfap/ tarudjk zpfap/ oli,fcsi;f rsm;ESijhf zpfap/ vli,fEiS jhf zpf ap/ vl}u;D ESijhf zpfap/ tm;vH;k udk cifrif&if;ES;D atmif qufqw H wfojl zpf.? txl;ojzifh rdbrsm;ESiq hf ufqH &mwGif olonf csD;rGrf;zG,faumif;vSoljzpfa=umif; u|Eykf f tH=ord.? olonf vly[ kH efyef aysmah jymif;odraf rG@oavmuf tvGeo f wWad umif;oljzpf.? vl 6 a,muf 7 a,muf cef@ 0dik ;f um tEdik u f sio hf nfrsm;udk wa,mufwnf; ckcHumuG,fum ra=umufwwfyHk/ jzwfvwfoGuf vufyrkH sm;udk awG@&.? u|Eykf u f “'d@k Arm,Ofaus;r_rmS a&S;wke;f u a,m usm;F aumif;rSe&f if ppfwu kd zf ;l &w,fuæ G / bk&ifu ppf om;pkaqmif;vk@d ud, k u hf rkd sm; ra±G;bl;qd&k if tyg,cf &H olwcsK@d rsm; owfawmifao=uw,f(Oyrm wyifa±$ xD;acwfuaygæ h )? ppfrx _ rf;zl;rS *k%&f w dS mud;k / vGwf vyfa&;umvwke;f uvnf; rsK;d cspyf *k Kd~ vaf wG[m ppf wyfxJ ajy;0if=uwmcsn;f bJ? tckawmh 'DtpOftvm awG odumQ awGvnf; aysmufuek yf g+yu D mG æ”[k ajym jy.? olupmrsufEmS 17 od@k

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ta&;tcif;/ 1974 ckEpS f tvkyo f rm;t&;tcif;ESihf OD;oef@ta&;tcif;/ 1975 ck ZGev f 6 &ufae@ ta&;tcif;/ 1976 rdi_ ;f &mjynft h a&;tcif;rsm;tm; avhvm =unfrh nfqv kd sif trsm;pkrmS ausmif;om;rsm;rS pwifc+hJ y;D / Auy(,l*s)D wd@k &J@ pwif v_aH qmfrv _ nf; ruif;bl;vd@k oH;k oyfxm;wmudk awG@&ygw,f? 1974 ckEpS w f 0du k f qDrS 1989 ckEpS x f /d AuyxJ 0ifa&mufvmwJh +rKd @jyawmcdak usmif;om; vli,fppk k aygi;f 150 cef@&Scd w hJ ,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? 1979 ckESpf A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rSm ay:vpfAsL±dkuwifoGif;wJh Edik if aH &;tpD&ifcpH mrSmawmh ocifAode;f wifu- “yJc;l ±d;k r ocifoef;xGe;f wd@k &J@ tcsKad om Edik if aH &;/ ppfa&;/ pnf;±H;k a&;vrf;pOftrSm;awGa=umifh uGejf rLepfygwx D d cdu k cf &hJ +y;D ae0if;/ pef;,k ppftyk pf [ k m ,m,Dtm;jzifh xGuaf ygu&f oGm;cJw h ,fæ” qd+k y;D wifjyoGm;cJw h ,f? ay:vpfjAL±dt k zG@J 0ifv}l u;D wOD;jzpfwhJ &JabmfxeG ;f (c)Adv k f usiaf rmifuawmh“'D jzKw/f xkw/f owfvrf;pOfqw kd m ygwx D rJ mS w&m;cH&mS wmyJ? w&m;cH&mS awmh b,fvjkd zpfrvJæ/ xGu[ f hJ xGu[ f q hJ +kd y;D ud, k af o#mifu, kd q f x GJ u G &f wmrsK;d jzpfrmS yJæ/ ocifoef;xGe;f vnf; usq;kH oGm;vd@k aygæ h / r[kw&f if ud, k af o#mifu, kd f qJx G u G w f mrsK;d jzpfrmS yJæ”[k 1977 ckEpS u f p+y;D c%c%ajymqdak =umif; 'Dpmtkyf xJrmS qdx k m;ygw,f? jynfy(w±kw)f tay:rSm tpp t&m&mrScD +kd y;D wnfaqmufcw hJ hJ 1975 ckEpS f aemufyikd ;f Auyygw[ D mvnf; 1985 ck w±kwu f vnf; tultnDjzwfawmuf vdu k af &m =um=umrcHawmhyJ +yKd uyGJ supf ;D cJ&h ygw,f? bmyJjzpfjzpf Armhvw G v f yfa&; ordik ;f rSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D @J tcef;u¾[m ta&;ygcw hJ ,fqw kd mudak wmh b,forl S rjiif;Edik yf gb;l ? aemufvmaemufom;awGtaeeJ@uawmh aumif;wm awGut kd wk,/l raumif;wmawGukd oifcef;pm,l±ykH gy?J vuf&dS e³t³z ppftyk pf x k rJ mS jzpfysuaf ewmawG[mvnf; yJc;l ±d;k r Auy&J@ jzKw/f xkw/f owfvrf;pOfukd yHw k u l ;l csaeovm; xifrw S &f ygw,f? vrf;pOfuvnf;rrSe/f vlawGuvnf; r[efwhJ ppftm%m&Siw f @kd &J@ed*;kH udak wmh r=umcif rsu0f g;xifxif awG@jrif&awmhr,fqw kd t hJ a=umif; wifjy&if; &yfem;yg& apæ?

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FFw&m;olBuD;udkowfcJhol w&m;cHudkzrf;rdNyD tar&duefEdkifiH(Atlanta City) w&m;±H;k wGif rwfv(11)&ufae@u tr_±Hk;csdef;wuf a&mufol w&m;cHu w&m;ol}u;D tygt0if tjcm;t&m&SdESpfOD;udk aoewfESifh ypfowfcJh aom tr_}u;D wckjzpfygG ;cJ. h ? tcif;jzpfygG ;yHkrmS jyefay;qGrJ t _ ygt0if/ t rsK;d orD;wOD;tm; rw&m;usi=hf urH w _ @kd jzifh w &m;qGcJ aH e&ol 'Brian Nichols'(33ESpf)onf w&m;±Hk;xJwGif wm0efus&Jt&m&SdxHrS ao ewfukd ±kww f &uf0ifvu k m/ ,if;aoewfEiS hf yif w&m;ol}uD; Mr. Rowland Barnes (64ESp)f tygt0if/ eD;pyf&mvlrsm;tm;vH;k udk ypfowfum/ w&m;±H;k tjyifo@kd xGuf ajy;+y;D / um;wpD;udk ±kww f &ufjyefay;qGI J xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&SmifomG ;cJo h nf? w&m; ol}u;D ESihf tjcm;oH;k OD;aoqH;k cJ&h onf? xdt k r_}u;D onf ±ky&f iS q f efaom jypfrw _ ckjzpfovd/k tar&duefwiG f [d;k av;w a=umfjzpfc&hJ aom tr_wckjzpfc&hJ ./ aemufw&uft=um/ rwfv(12)&ufae@wGif hJ nf? yif w&m;cHvo l wform; 'Brain Nichols'udk zrf;qD;Edik cf o FFtDwvDppfom;rsm;tD&wfrjS yefvnf&w k o f rd ;f awmhrnf tD&wfEikd if w H iG f wyfpx JG m;aom tDwvDppfwyfukd jyefvnf±w k o f rd ;f awmhrnf jzpfa=umif; tDwvD0ef}u;D csKyf bmvyfpaf umeDu/ rwfv(16)&ufae@u a=ujim vdu k o f nf? tDwvDEikd if o H nf tar&duef. t&if;ES;D qH;k r[mrdwf Edik if w H Edik if jH zpf+y;D / vuf&t dS &D wfEikd if w H iG f ppfonftiftm; (3300)csxm;vsu&f . dS / Tod@k tDwvDppfwyfrsm; tD&wfEikd if w H iG jf zef@csxm;jcif;udk tDwvDjynforl sm; ESihf tDwvDtpd;k &v$waf wmftwGi;f wGif jyif;jyif;xefxef qef@usiaf ecJ=h uonf? Tppfonftiftm;(3300)±kwfodrf;jcif;udk pufwifbmvwGif pwifrnfjzpf a=umif; tDwvD0ef}u;D csKyu f twnfjyKajym=um;cJh onf? FF t*FvefEdkifiHtdrfa&S

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t*FvefEikd if H tdraf &S@rif;om;csm;vfpf onf wcsdefucspfu|rf;0ifcJhbl;ol 'Camilla Parker Bowles'ESifh {+yDv(8)&ufae@wGif(eef;awmf. jyifyjzpfaom t*FvefEikd if /H vufxyf r*FvmrSwyf w kH ifw&m;±H;k csKyYf ) vuf xyfrnfhta=umif; a=ujim+yD;onfh (Charles&Cammila) aemufydkif;wGif Tw&m;a&;±Hk;csKyf (vufxyfr*FvmrSwyf w kH if&m&m±H;k )od@k uef@uGuw f m;jrpfpmrsm; a&muf&v dS mcJh onf? od@k &mwGif w&m;ol}u;D csKyu f ,if;uef@uGupf mrsm;udk 1949 ckEpS /f tufOya' t& w&m;r0ifa=umif;y,fcsco hJ nf?(t*FvefEikd if w H iG /f 'Diana'udck spaf om jynf olrsm;u xdu k pd u P kd uef@uGuu f u G v f mbG,&f m&Sad =umif; tuJcwforl sm;u a0zef vsu&f =dS u.)

( Refers & Quoted from : Japan Times & Yahoo News )

Moe Thauk Kye Journal oa&mfpm

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 od&onf? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 1963 wGif q,fwef;atmifc+hJ y;D aemuf 'd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k ok@d 0ifa&mufcsed rf S xd@k tjyif rGejf ynforl sm;udv 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 k nf; e³t³zwyfrsm;rS vl@tcGiahf &;csK;d azguf r_rsm; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 pI udv k ekd eD ,fcsq ›J ef@usiaf &;/ zufqpf*syefawmfveS af &;v_y&f mS ;r_w@kd wGif yg0if ykrd u 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 kd sK;vGev f maea=umif;vnf; od&onf? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 aqmif±u G cf o hJ nf? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 1947 ck zvyv tpd;k &tzJ@G Y 0ef}u;D ocifwif. v,f,mpdu k yf sK;d a&; 0ef}u;D 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 XmeY twG i ; f 0ef t j z pf wm0ef x rf ; aqmif c o h J nf ? 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12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 1988 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy}kH u;D wGif wufºupGm yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJ+h y;D aemufyikd ;f 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 wG i f j r ef r mh ' r D u kd a&pDa&; wGe;f tm;ay;aeonfh 0g&ifEh ikd if aH &;orm;rsm;tzJ@G wGif 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 yg0ifum +ird ;f csr;f a&;/ nD!w $ af &;/ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf trsK;d om; jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 wd @ k twG u f aqmif ± u G c f o h J nf ? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 a':awmfrsKd;jrif. h ud, k af &;&mZ0iftusOf;csKyf 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 uG , v f e G c f s e d w f i G f touf 90 &S + d y ; D b0ouf w rf ; wav# m uf wd @ k Armtpnf ; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678
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S f 'Dru kd a&pDta&;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif rEWav;wuUov kd af usmif;om;
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1988 Ed0 &ufae@wGif 'Dru kd a&pDwu dk yf rGJ sm;udk qufvufqifEEGJ ikd &f eftwGuf cifyeG ;f onf. OD;aqmifrj_ zifh ppfuikd ;f a&muf &efuek w f uUov dk af usmif;om;rsm;ESihf twlwuG xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfo@kd xGucf mG vmcJyh gonf? G f wnf&adS om ‘aohabmbd;k ’ausmif;om;wyfrawmfpcef;. aq;
e,fpyfwi cef;wGif vlemrsm;tm; jyKpak pmifah &Smufay;&if; tjcm;wzufwiG v f nf; tajccHy nmoifwef;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;ESit hf wl wufa&mufcyhJ gonf? Sw f iG f rJaqmufrS befaumufo@kd ajymif;a±$@+y;D jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDta&;
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jrefrmEkid if w H iG f tusO;f uscaH e&onfh a':atmifqef;pk=unfvw G af jrmufa&; v_y&f mS ;r_w&yftjzpf ZGev f 19 &ufae@wGif usa&mufrnfh olr. ESpf 60jynfh arG;ae@tm; urBmw0ef;wGif usi;f y=u&ef tar&duefjynfaxmifpt k ajcpku d f jrefrmh cspo f el @J vufw/GJ ta&;v_y&f mS ;r_tzG@J (,ltufppf b D )D rS a=unmcsuw f &yfxw k jf yefvu dk o f nf? wdu k yf 0GJ ifwikd ;f twlyg a=unmcsuw f iG f urBmw0ef;wGi&f o dS nfh vl@tcGit hf a&;/ vGwv f yfciG Ehf iS hf 'Dru dk rd;k ±Gm±Gm aeyly/l rjiLpk wlwal v#muf a&pDudk cspjf rwfE;dk =uonfh wOD;csi;f wa,mufcsi;f taeESijhf zpfap/ toif;tzG@J rsm; atmufarhz, G f vGr;f qGwzf , G f taeESijhf zpfap/ tusO;f uscaH e&onfh a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf Ekid if aH &;tusO;f awmfveS af &;e,frmS om;tm;vk;H udk *k%jf yKonft h aejzifh urBmw0Sr;f v_y&f mS ;r_}u;D w&yfjyKvyk =f u&ef wmwG,pf w d f &Jabmfpw d ef @J v_@H aqmfxm;onf? pdwo f rH %d/ t"dXmefjznfch o hJ yl g? ,ltufppf b D t D zG@J . xkwjf yefcsuw f iG f 1988ckEpS 0f ef;usiYf awmiftmz&du acgi;f aqmif e,fvq f ifref'v J m;axmifusaepOfrmS touf 70 jynfch o hJ nf? xkd aoonfhwdkifatmif tcs e d w f i G f “ref ' v J m; 70 j y nf ” h qk o d nf h *k % j f y K y J G urB m w0ef ; wG i f t} u ;D tus,f r,dik rf vJ/ cdik jf rw J phJ w d "f mwf vkyfcJhonf? jrifjh rwfwhJ pdwZf GJ xk@d a=umift h om;ta&mifcjJG cm;a&; v_y&f mS ;r_EiS hf Ekid if w H um zdtm;ay;r_rsm; &J&ifw h hJ owdaW oG;eJ@ vljzLtpk;d &tay: tiftm;aumif;cJo h nfudk awG@&+y;D ,ckuo hJ @dk v_y&f mS ;r_tm; xm&pOf &eH@ar$;wJh h nf? av;jrwfz, G &f m/ yef;jrwfrmvmyg? pwifjcif;jzpfa=umif; azmfjycJo a':atmifqef;pk=unf arG;ae@uwf tenf;qk;H 6000 ukd ZGev f 17 &ufae@wGif jrefrmjynfow l @kd &J@ ESv;kH om;rSm tar&duefjynfaxmifpk 0g&iS w f ef&dS jrefrmtcGe±f ;kH ok@d ay;yk@d oGm;rnft h a=umif;ESihf av;pm;pGm tjrzJ ;l yGiahf erJh xkad e@rSmyif qENjyyGJ rsm;ukd pwif&ef pDpOfxm;onf[v k nf; od&onf? qENjyyGrJ sm; jrifjh rwfwhJ awmf0ifyef; ukd urBmt&yf&yf&dS jrefrmoH±;kH tenf;qk;H 50 Y qifE=J$ u&efvnf; azmfjyxm;onf? vGr;f qGwv f @kd rqH;k Edik w f hJ ,if;v_y&f mS ;r_Y jynfwiG ;f &Sd jrefrmjynfov l x l rk sm;uvnf; a':atmifqef;pk Edik if &H @J orD;cspf &wem? =unftygt0if Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm;udk ud, k cf si;f pm+y;D pnf;vH;k nD!w $ rf u _ kd jyowJt h aeeJ@ ZGev f 19 &ufae@wGif tdrw f iG ;f Y +ird o f ufpmG ae+y;D *k%jf yK=uzd@k *k%jf yKO;D !$wv f u kd yf g&@J 'DuAsm? vnf; wdu k w f eG ;f xm;=uonf? jrefrmppftyk pf o k nf 1990 jynfEh pS f aemufyidk ;f rSpI EkAd v J q f &k iS f a':atmifqef; wifr;kd f iG f csKyaf ESmifjcif;rsm; jyKvyk cf +hJ y;D (14-3-2005 ae@u uG,fvGefcJhwJh pk=unftm; axmifoiG ;f tusO;f csjcif;ESihf aetdrw vuf & t d S cs e d w f i G v f nf ; aetd r Y f tus O ; f us c a H e&onf ? ({&m0wD/ acwf+yKd if) rawmfo@kd trSww f & *k%jf yKuAsm)

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&Sr;f acgif;aqmifrsm;ESit hf wlwuG udo k ak 0 csKdcsKdausmf_idr;f wdk h zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH&jcif; armifyn k (-opa-w;vs) (1) “bba&æ/ Adv k cf if!e$ @f vufxufrmS tzrf;t qD;rcHc&hJ wJh &Sr;f 'Dru kd a&pDu OD;cGex f eG ;f OD;wa,muf awmh tzrf;cH&+y;D ±H;k yg twifc&H w,fwhJ bbæ” “e³t³z ppftyk pf &k adS eor#uawmh vlwikd ;f [m 'D ae@tzrf;rcH&&if aemufwae@rSm cH&rSmaygu h , G æ f ” “+y;D awmh axmifxrJ mS q,fEpS af usmaf ecJ+h y;D wae@ urS jyefvw G v f mwJh OD;oka0eJ@ csKcd sKad usm+f ird ;f wd@k vnf; usef &Sr;f acgi;f aqmifawGe@J awmif}u;D rSm wcsed x f J tzrf;cH&w,fqykd æ J ” “at;æ rif;om;}u;D jzpfwhJ OD;a±$tek ;f eJ@ wcsed x f J tzrf;cH&a=umif; owif;awGxrJ mS igvJ awG@vdu k &f w,f eef;pdeaf iGæ” “[kwu f b hJ b/ tJ'g- udak 'gi;f u bbawmh odrmS yJq+kd y;D ar;cdik ;f vd@k yg bb&,fæ” “at;æat;æ/ 'gq&kd if ig a&csr;f csr;f (a&at; at;)wcGuf aomufvu kd Of ;D r,fæ” “[kwfuJhygbbæ” (2) “cGex f eG ;f OD;/ pdik ;f !$e@f vGi/f OD;a±$tek ;f wd@k eJ@ ig cifrifyg w,fæ &if;ES;D ygw,fæ/ udo k ak 0/ csKcd sKad usm+f ird ;f wd@k eJ@ vnf; cifrifygw,fæ/ &if;ES;D ygw,f eef;pdeaf iGæ” “'gqdk bb&,fæ/ tyrf;r}uD;&if olwdk@t a=umif; eJeaJ vmuf ajymjyay;zd@k awmif;yefygw,f” “at;æat;æ/ cGex f eG ;f OD;u wHwm;eDteD; tif; vsm;uefapmif;rSm aew,favæ? oDaygapmfbmG ;}u;D &J@ wlvnf;awmfw,fu@GJ æ? 1990 ckEpS f a±G;aumufyGJ rSm trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKy+f y;D &if 'kw, d trwfae &m trsm;qH;k &cJw h ,favæ? pdik ;f !$e@f vGiu f &Sr;f 'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G &J@ twGi;f a&;rSL;yJæ? yxrt}urd f e³t³z &J@ trsK;d om;nDvmcHrmS ol[m ud, k pf m;vS,af wmfw OD;taeeJ@ ‘ordik ;f awmh usaemfw@kd t±dik ;f rcHEikd b f ;l æ’ qd+k y;D ajymrdv@kd nDvmcHu, kd pf m;vS,u f y,fzsujf cif; cH&wJh olaygu h , G æ f ” “'Davmufav;ajymrdwmeJ@ ta&;,lowJhvm; bb&,fæ” “ord k i f ; ±d k i f ; aewJ h o l a wG u ord k i f ; ±d k i f ; rS m ud k a=umufwv hJ al wGukd 'Dvykd J vky=f uwmyJ eef;pdeaf iGæ” “OD;a±$tek ;f ta=umif;vnf; ajymjyygO;D bbæ” “OD;a±$tek ;f uawmh tm;vH;k xJrmS touft}u;D qH;k aygu h , G æ f ? ol[m 1947 ckEpS /f yifvn kH v D mcHukd avhvmoltjzpfeJ@ wufcJhbl;awmhæ a&S›rDaemufrD yk*Kd~ vw f a,mufvnf; jzpfw,favæ? +y;D awmh ol&@J

ouf a rG ; 0rf ; ausmif ; u ‘0wf v H k ’ qd k a wmh ‘xuf’wmaygh eef;pdeaf iG&,fæ” “[kwu f yhJ g bbæ” (3) “OD;oka0wdk@ csKdcsKdausmf+idrf;wdk@ta=umif;vnf; ajymjyay;ygOD;bb&,fæ” at;æat;æ? a&;csrf;csrf;(a&at;at;)wcGuf avmuf aomufvu kd Of ;D r,fæ” “[kwfuJhygbbæ” “OD;oka0u zqyv vli,facgif;aqmifwOD; taeeJ@ csKcd sKad usm+f ird ;f zcif 0ef}u;D OD;ausm+f ird ;f &J@(P.A) vnf; vkycf b hJ ;l w,fæ? xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfrmS OD;Ek&@J awmfveS af &;pwifawmh 0ef}u;D csKyOf ;D Ek&@J (P.A)vnf; vkycf b hJ ;l w,fæ? 1990 ckEpS f ygwpD akH ±G;aumufyrGJ mS awmh ol[m 'Dru kd a&pDygw&D @J OuUXaygu h , G æ f ” “'Dy*k Kd~ vaf wG&@J ordik ;f a=umif;eJ@ 'Dy*k Kd~ vaf wGxrf; aqmifcw hJ hJ wm0efawGukd od&wm orD;awmh bbudk odyaf us;Zl;wifwmyJæ? 'ge@J ‘rcsK’d ta=umif;vnf; ajymjyygOD;bb&,fæ” “rcsKd(csKdcsKdausmf+idrf;)uawmh tazuvnf; OD;ausm+f ird ;f ‘xuf’/ taruvnf; a':EJ@G EJ@G &D‘xuf’qdk awmh wdkif;jynftwGuf tm;xm;avmufwJhyk*~dKvf ygæ? 1990 ckEpS rf mS olru zqyvrSma&mæ/ vli,f zqyvrSma&mæ/ yl;wJaG cgi;f aqmifvyk cf w hJ ,fæ? olr &J@cifyeG ;f u ‘&Sr;f ’trsK;d om;avæ” “&Si-f bbæ/ csKcd sK&d @J cifyeG ;f u &Sr;f æ” [kww f ,feef;pdeaf iGæ/ ol@rSm om;wa,mufe@J

orD;wa,muf&w dS ,favæ? 1992 ckEpS rf mS yxrt }urd f tif;pdeaf xmifuxGuv f mawmhu, G æ f / 'Dwek ;f u orD;u ridyk J om;t}u;D uidw k ,favæ? tJ'rD idw k hJ orD; ‘rOrRm’[m ck tareJ@twlwl tzrf;cH&wJh orD;yJæ” “bb&,fæ 'Dta=umif;awG=um;&wm orD; pdwrf aumif;jzpfvu kd w f mæ” (4) “aemufq;kH taeeJ@ bbudk wckavmufar;yg& apæ” “OD;cGex f eG ;f OD;wd@k udk zrf;qD;+y;D ±H;k wifwmu bmudk rsm; ta=umif;cHygovJbb&J@æ” “igoo d avmufuawmh bmrS r,fr,f&& r&Syd g bl; eef;pdeaf iGæ/ (1)tcsuu f &Sr;f 'Dru kd a&pD[m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDvykd J trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd rwufawmh bl;æ? (2)tcsufu ( CRPP)qdkwJh ygvDrmeft axmuftuljyKa&; aumfrwDrmS yg0ifw,fæ? (3)t csuu f jynfwiG ;f rSmzJ@G pnf;wJh vlrsK;d pk r[mrdwrf mS yg w,fæ/ jynfaxmifpak e@rSm teD;uyf+y;D zrf;cH&wmu awmh t&ifEpS af wGrmS vJ cGex f eG ;f OD;u ol@tdrrf mS jynf axmifpak e@udk pnfpnfum;um;eJ@ vkyw f myJæ? ig vnf;yJ &efuek rf mS &Sw d ek ;f u wufcb hJ ;l w,favæ” “olw@kd udk t=unfnKd ysuaf tmif vkyw f ,fqw kd hJ yk'freJ@qdkawmhæ” “'guawmh eef;pdeaf iGæ/ 0Hyak vGe@J od;k i,fyjkH yifygyJ uG,æ f ? eifr[kwv f nf; eift h araygh [kwv f m;æ” “[kwfuJhygbbæ”´´´´

OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk-unfEiS hf tusO;f usjynforl sm;twGuq f ak wmif;yJG *syefEikd if &H dS jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;rS pkaygi;f I/ OD;wifO;D / a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf 'Dy&J if;wGif rw&m; vkyf =uo H wfjzwf zrf;qD;xm;jcif; cH&olrsm;/ jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pD a&;wGif zrf;qD;owfjzwfjcif; cH&olrsm;ESihf jrefrmh'rD u kd &pDa&; twGuf qkawmif;arwWmyd@k y&dw±f w G yf u GJ kd a':atmifqef;pk =unfarG;ae@jzpfaom t*Fgae@wGif tywfpOf usi;f yvsu&f &dS m (31 arv 2005) t*Fgae@wGif t}urd u f ;kd q,f(90) jynfh ajrmufrnfjzpfygonf? rnforl qdk yg0ify;l aygif; qkawmif;Edik yf ga=umif; zdwaf c: tyfygonf? yg0ify;l aygif;ukov kd jf yKvdyk gu080 5680 0546/ 080 3025 2668/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 8171 8465

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