Guia 3

HERRAMIENTA PEDAGOGICA DE APOYO PARA EL BACHILLERATO

DEPARTAMENTO DE PUBLICACIONES GUIA DE TRABAJO No 3 AREA DE HUMANIDADES INGLES CICLO III Elaborada por FERANNDO CALDERON

BOGOTA D.C

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DATOS DEL ESTUDIANTE

NOMBRE DEL ESTUDIANTE

: ________________________ _________________________

CICLO

: ________________________

JORNADA

: MARTES Y MIERCOLES ( ) JUEVES Y VIERNES( ) SABADOS ( ) DOMINGOS ( )

NOMBRE DEL PROFESOR

: ________________________

FECHA

: DEL __________ AL _______

CALIFICACION

: ________________________

_____________________ FIRMA DEL PROFESOR

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LOOK AT MY BODY Estudie con detenimiento el vocabulario que presentamos a continuación para conocer los nombres que reciben las partes del cuerpo humano en inglés. Muchas de estas palabras, a su vez, forman también nombres compuestos como fingerprint (huella digital) o ear-rings (aretes). Para nombrar las diferentes molestias del cuerpo se emplean básicamente dos palabras: ache y sore. La primera se aplica en backache, headache, toothache,etc. Algunos ejemplos son : sore foot, sore throat o sore arm. En inglés, cuando alguien habla de una parte de su cuerpo, siempre utiliza los adjetivos posesivos, nunca el artículo. Lo que en español sería”me duele el brazo” , en inglés se convierte en my arm aches. El plural de foot (pie) y tooth (diente) es irregular. Cuando se habla de más de uno se emplean los términos feet y teeth. THE MORNIG AFTER Al día siguiente de visitar a la doctora, Mrs Brown pregunta a su hija cómo está. Mrs Brown: Good morning dear, how do you feel ? Elsa: I don’t feel well. Mrs Brown : What’s the matter now ? Elsa : I haven’t got temperature but I have a sore throat. And you ? How do you feel now ? Mrs Brown: I am well now but your father doesn’t fell well. Elsa: What’s the matter ? Mrs Brown: He’s got a terrible stomachache ILLNESS Migraine : migraña Pneumonia: Neumonia Asthma: Asma Cold: Resfriado Apendicitis: Apendicitis Measles: Sarampión Backache: Dolor de espalda Sore: Dolor, herida, llaga, úlcera.

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EJERCICIOS PRÁCTICOS 1. Dibuje o pegue un cuerpo humano y señale las siguientes partes: a. Hand b. Head c. Nose d. Finger e. Mouth f. Neck g. Belly h. Leg i. Foot j. Toe k. Knee l. Arm m. Ear 2. RELACIONE LAS PARTES DEL CUERPO CON LAS PALABRAS DE LA SEGUNDA COLUMNA: A. Head B. Appendix C. Feet D. Lungs E. Back F. Mouth

Pneumonia Headache Appendicitis Backache Toothache Sore foot.

3. TRATE DE DEDUCIR EL SIGNIFICADO DE ESTAS EXPRESIONES EN INGLÉS: a. b. c. d.

To be a paint in the neck. ___________________________ To be skin and bones ____________________________ An eye an eye _______________________________ To have one’s feet on the ground.______________________ ME / US HIM / THEM

Veamos algunas funciones de los llamados pronombres personales de objeto, que hacen de complemento u objeto del verbo. Se emplean unos u otros según la función que deban realizar en la oración. PRONOMBRES PERSONALES DE OBJETO

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Se utilizan - Cuando algo o alguien es el objeto de la oración: Tell us, Diana. Dinos, Diana - Después de preposición (to, about, with, etc.) Talking about them. Hablando de ellos. -

Después del verbo to be Dean ? It’s me, Sean. Dean ? Soy yo, Dean.

SUBJET PRONOUNS

OBJECTS PRONOUNS

I give it to you Give me that You know Jim Jim Knows you He likes Kath Kath likes him She loves Andy Andy loves her It is a library They have it at home We have two cars The cars belong to us You are French What about you ? They are nice Look at them Si el pronombre va justo después de un verbo, se trata de un objeto directo. Cuando lo precede una preposición, se convierte en un complemento circunstancial de lugar, de tiempo, modo, etc. COSTUMBRES: En Estados Unidos la sanidad no está en manos del estado. Los ciudadanos acostumbran a contratar un seguro médico privado para cubrir sus problemas de salud. En Gran Bretaña, en cambio, existe el Nacional Health Service, que proporciona gratuitamente atención primaria a través de los Family Doctors a quienes residen en el país. OBSERVE: Algunos pronombres personales de objeto, en concreto, you, it y her, coinciden con los de sujeto o bien con el adjetivo posesivo. Esto dificulta la comprensión de las frases. Sin embargo, el contexto o la función de la palabra en la oración nos darán la clave para entender el significado. THEY REALLY ADORE ME (Un abuelo habla de sus animales domésticos, una de sus pasiones) i really love pets, specially dogs. I’ve got two at home. And it’s a mutual feeling: they adore me too. I play with them all the time and give them food three times a day. It’s a pleasure for me. VOCABULARY To give: Dar To know: saber, conocer

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To belong to: pertenecer Library: Biblioteca Feeling: Sentimiento Food: Comida Times: Veces. EJERCICIOS PRÁCTICOS MARQUE VERDADERO O FALSO EN RELACIÓN CON EL TEXTO ANTERIOR. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Cats are grandfather’s favorite pets. He loves playing with his dogs Dogs give him food Pets are a hobby for his wife

V V V V

F F F F

COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES CON EL PRONOMBRE QUE FALTA: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I know ____________ (these girls) We know ____________(his brother) She knows __________ ( that girl) They know ___________(the place) You know ___________ (we) He knows ___________ (those students).

RELLENE LOS ESPACIOS CON EL PRONOMBRE PERSONAL O POSESIVO:

1. Bring her some flowers. She likes them 2. I love piano. I play ______ very often 3. Parents talk about _______ children 4. _____ is a pretty woman. Look at _______ 5. Cristopher is in love with_______ butshe ignores 6. Tell _______, who’s that boy on the corner. 7. This is for Julia. Give it to ______, please.

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8. This is _______ and my wife is in this phota. SUSTITUYA POR PRONOMBRES EL TEXTO EN NEGRILLA 1. Give this book to my wife

Give it to her

2. Bring this cake to your friends________________________________ 3. Open these windows and lok at Peter___________________________ 4. This is for you and me_______________________________________ 5. Talk to your parents about yourgirlfriend ______________________

LET’S KEEP FIT American people like sports and we, the Browns are very good example. We love practicing sports regulary. We think that it is very good for the body and it is essential to feel well. Doing some sport is also very entertaining. Each one of us have a favorite sport to keep fit. These are the ones that we specially prefer. TRADUZCA _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ____________

WHAT SPORTS DO THEY LIKE ? Peter plays tennis

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I like playing tennis because it is very exciting spot and the equipment is not very expensive. I usually play with my workmates every weekends, when the weather is fine. They say I am a very good player. Brenda prefers jogging My wife doesn’t like sports too much but she likes jogging because it is good for her legs. She runs about fifteen minutes a day. In Summer Brenda likes swimming, too. She is a very good swimmer. Elsa loves watching basketball My daughter, Elsa, is a great basketball fan and her NBA favorite team is Los Angeles Lakers. She likes playing basketball with her friends in her free time at the highschool court. Bob is very good at baseball My son likes playing baseball. He is in his school team and he is an excellent pitcher. He also likes football but he doesn’t like playing it. Bob thinks it is very dangerous sometimes. TRADUZCA UNO DE LOS 4 PÁRRAFOS ANTERIORES _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ __________ OSERVE: Cuando una persona es buena practicando un deporte decimos que es good at, por ejemplo, good at soccer. Al contrario, si destaca por hacerlo mal se utiliza la forma bad at. Practicar deporte es to do sport o también to play sport.

SPORTS To keep fit = Mantener la forma Referee = Árbitro Match, game = Partido Jogging = Trotar

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Soccer = Fútbol Fútbol = Fútbol americano Ice jockey = Jockey sobre hielo Sailing = Vela Mountain climbing = Escalada

SHE LIKES SKIING EL PRESENTE SIMPLE SE CONSTRUYE SIEMPRE CON EL INFINITIVO DE LOS VERBOS, PERO SIN LA PARTÍCULA TO. TAN SOLO VARÍA LIGERAMENTE SU TERMINACIÓN EN LA TERCERA PERSONA DEL SINGULAR (he, she y it) QUE NORMALMENTE AÑADE UNA “s”. EN LAS FRASES NEGATIVAS O INTERROGATIVAS SE REQUIERE EL VERBO AUXILIAR TO DO, COMO OCURRÍA CON LA FORMA IMPERATIVA. El presente simple. Ejemplo con el verbo “to like” POSITIVE I YOU WE THEY HE SHE IT

NEGATIVE I YOU WE DO NOT LIKE THEY

LIKE

HE SHE DOES NOT LIKE IT

LIKES

I do not like (don’t) like cakes You do not (don’t) like books We do not (don’t) like cars They do not (don’t) like tea He does not (doesn’t) like her She does not (doesn’t) like Ben It does not (doesn’t) like to me INTERROGATIVE

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Question (-) Do I like cakes ? Do you like books? Does he like her? Does she like Ben ? Does it like to me ? Do we like cars ? Do you like Colombia ? Do they like tea ?

Short answer(+) Yes, you do Yes, I do Yes, he does Yes, she does Yes, it does Yes, we do Yes, we do Yes, they do

Short answer No, you don’t No, I don’t No, he doesn’t No, she doesn’t No, it doesn’t No, we don’t No, we don’t No, they don’t

La mayoría de los verbos añade la letra “s” en las frases afirmativas de la tercera persona del singular como ocurre con like / likes. Sin embargo los que acaban en o/ sh/ x/ z/ ch/s/ añaden “es”: go/goes, finish/finishes, watch/watches, etc. Otra excepción son los verbos terminados en “y”, que cambian la “y” por “i”, y añaden “es”: fly/flies, study/studies. No cumple esta norma el verbo to play, que suma una “s” (plays) al final, como to like.

EJERCICIOS PRÁCTICOS CONTESTE ESTAS PREGUNTAS DE ACUERDO CON LOS TEXTOS ANTERIORES: 1. Are the Lakers a basketball team ? _____________________________ 2. Does Elsa go to the basketball matches ? ________________________ 3. Are the Lakers the visitor team?_______________________________ 4. Do the cheerleaders play basketball matches ? ____________________ ESCRIBA LA FORMA VERBAL CORRECTA 1. He _______ playing soccer (to like) 2. _______ you _________ T.V. at home? (to watch)

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

We _______ _________ mathematics.(not- to study) She _____________ the thesis this year (to finish) _______ they _________ in Boston? (to live) The aeroplane_________ very fast (to fly) _______ you ________ to Reno very often? (to go) _________ he _________ ? (not- to come)

COMPLETE CON ESTAS PALABRAS Plays, know, live, play, knows, finishes, lives, finish 1. I _______ here and my sister _________in London. 2. She _________ the piano and I ___________ golf. 3. He __________ us but we don’t ________ him. 4. Jack _________ today. We ____________ tomorrow. ESCRIBA EN FORMA AFIRMATIVA Y NEGATIVA LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES; 1. Tom likes going to the movies. _________________________________ ? _________________________________ 2. Sara works every Satuday. __________________________________? __________________________________ 3. Meg knows his surname. __________________________________? __________________________________ 5. Your children watch T.V a lot. ________________________________? ________________________________

MARQUE LA FRASE CORRECTA 1.

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A. We lives in the north of London. B. We do live in the north of London C. We live in the north of London. 2. A. She plays piano in a jazz band B. She plays the piano in a jazz band C. She plays the piano in these jazz band. 3. A. They doesn’t like watching games B. They do like watching games C. They don’t like watching games. WHAT DO YOU LIKE ? Existen numerosos verbos en lengua inglesa para expresar lo que gusta o disgusta. Lea los dos siguientes textos, en los que el matrimonio Armington manifiesta sus preferencias y analice con detenimiento los verbos empleados. Observe también la constante presencia de los gerundios, que en inglés terminan en ING. Dave Armington He’s a very boring person because he doesn’t like many things. For example, he hates doing any sport because it is tiring. He doesn’t like visiting people because he detests talking too much. He prefers staying at home watching at baseball on T.V. But he dislikes T.V. too. Martha Armington She is a very different person. She enjoys visiting friends and talking about many things. She also likes watching T.V. at home but, when the weather is good, she prefers going for a walk and having dinner at a restaurant. She loves European food. TRADUZCA _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________

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OBSERVE: El término BECAUSE significa “porque” y se emplea normalmente como conjunción ( he hates sport because it’s tiring), enlazando dos oraciones. Es un error muy común en los principiantes de habla hispana, confundir BECAUSE con el “por qué” interrogativo (Why) RECUERDE: El verbo en tiempo presente puede ir seguido de otro verbo en infinitivo o bien en gerundio. Sin embargo para expresar preferencias y gustos se usa siempre el gerundio: She likes visiting friends A ella le gusta visitar amigos). •

Para proponer a una persona una actividad se puede utilizar la expresión HOW ABOUT seguida de un gerundio: How about having a coffee ? que se traduce por:“qué tal si tomamos un café?”

VOCABULARY Boring = Aburrido To hate = Odiar Tiring = Cansado To detest = Detestar To enjoy = Disfrutar To dislike = Tener aversion, mania. Armchair = Sillón Weather = Tiempo (metereológico)

EJERCICIOS PRÁCTICOS ESCRIBA LA FORMA VERBAL CORRECTA: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Do you prefer _____________ tennis? (to play) She hates_________________ T.V. (to watch) I love ___________________ on the grass (to walk) We dislike _______________ new people (to meet) They detest ______________ European food (to eat)

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6. He enjoys _______________ the trumpet (to play)

RELLENE CON LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS Do, going, how about,matches,staying,doesn´t, prefers,detest 1. Susan enjoys ________at home 2. _______they like American cars? 3. _______having a pizza? 4. Michael hates sport. He ______theater 5. The _______our neighbors. They´re awful. 6 They like _______to the movies 7 I love soccer_______ 8. Brian _______enjoy traveling a lot AGRUPE EN ESTAS DOS CATEGORIAS Enjoy, dislike, detest, love, hate, fancy, like

POSITIVE _________ _________ _________ _________

NEGATIVE _________ _________ _________ _________

Vamos a hacer un resumen práctico de lo visto hasta ahora en las cuatro primeras sesiones. Si tiene alguna inquietud, no dude en preguntar. Lo importante es que aclare las dudas y mejoremos en la práctica. Trabajaremos en parejas, pero si lo prefiere, puede hacerlo individualmente.

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Buena suerte. 1- CONTESTE CON LÓGICA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS: A. Is Mrs Brown a beautiful woman? ____________________________________ B. Where is Mrs Brown from? ____________________________________ C. How old is she? ____________________________________ D. Is Mrs Brown from Japan ? No,__________________________________ E. Is Mrs Brown a good singer? Yes,_________________________________ F. What is her job? _____________________________________ 2. COMPLETE CON LAS SIGIENTES PALABRAS: is not – am I – is he – she’s – are – it’s A. ______________ American?

Yes, you are.

B. My wife and I____________from California. C. Stockton__________ far from San Francisco. D. Patty is my wife. _________ a tailoress. E.

What is it?. ________ a tiger.

F.

___________ a teacher ? No, he isn’t.

3. ESCRIBA LA CONTRACCIÓN A. I am a student _______________________________ B. We are not French______________________________

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C. Is she not beautiful ? ____________________________ D. Her name is Alexander___________________________ E. They are teachers________________________________ F. What is your name ?______________________________ G. He is only 15 years old____________________________ 4. ESCRIBA EL CONTRARIO DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES: A. John and Peter are friends.________________________________________ B. My wife is from the United Stated__________________________________ C. My dog’s very intelligent_________________________________________ D. I am not a good singer____________________________________________ E. Mary’s not a student. She’s a teacher__________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ____________ 5. ELI JA LA RESPUESTA CORRECTA DE ENTRE LAS QUE SE OFRECEN: He’s from Ireland / I’m twenty years old / No, I’m not / No, it’s not / They are English / Yes, she is / No, you’re not / He’s only 15 years old. A. Where’s Patrick from ? __________________________________________ B. Is Rose from Las Vegas?_________________________________________

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C. Am I late ? ___________________________________________________ _ D. How old are you ? ______________________________________________ E. Is your dog ugly ? _______________________________________________ F. Where are Sam and Jenny from ? __________________________________ G. How old is Robert ? _____________________________________________ H. Are you Brazilian ? _____________________________________________

6. ORDENE LAS PALABRAS CORRECTAMENTE PARA FORMAR ORACIONES CON SENTIDO: A. do / you / how / do ? ___________________________ B. nice / you / meet / to / very ____________________________ C. your / what / name / is ? ____________________________ D. are / from ?/ where / they ____________________________ E. pleasure / it’s / to / a / you / meet

F. is / years / 10 / Robert / old / no

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7. COMPLETE LOS ESPACIOS CON : Who -- this -- hi -- is -- it’s -- not -- things -- Mr Smith A. How are _________? B. Mr Nakamura________ Japanese. C. ___________ are you ? My name is David. D. ___________ a pleasure to meet you. E. ___________ it’s lovely to see you again. F. ___________ is my friend, Kevin. G. I’m________from Brazil. I’m Colombian. 8. RESPONDA SOBRE USTED MISMO: A. Where are you from ? ________________________________________ B. What’s your name ? __________________________________________ C. Are you married ? ____________________________________________ D. How old are you ? ____________________________________________ E. What’s your job ? _____________________________________________ F. Are you from Greece ? _________________________________________ G. Are you a teacher?______________________________________

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