Aaharasazaung Issue 81

trSwpf Of- 81

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007

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rmwdum cspfaomrdwfaqGnDtpfudkarmifESrrsm;odkU

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uAsm 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 44 44

&J&ifhoufZGJ urf;ukefoGm;+yD qufiGg;'D; =u,fwyGifh aZ,smxG e f ; azaz &efEdkifxGef; arSmifru kd jf cif; jrwfEdk; aoG;&mZ0if aA'garmif ( a,m&yf & G m ) yd;k pm;*sr;f wH;k }uD; atmif a 0; abbD eDvmode;f csrf;jr tarodk@wrf;csif;(5) udak omf (PRMG) owdxm;

tawG;tjrifESifhokw?&o? tufaq;?aqmif;yg;/ 20 24 28 30

&J&ifhatmif wausmjh yefwu kd yf JG aqmif; &ifaEG;yef; cdkifatmifausmf tukex f I tH=k uGro S m rD;rD;cg; wdww f w d yf ek ;f rSmvm;--

33 34 36 40

tm[m&0dkif;awmfom;wOD; tm[m&pmtkypf if armifpkd;csdef wyfO;D ok@d æ æ (54) atmifrdk;0if; jyefvnfqef;opfaomacwf æ æ armifopfqif; a&S@a&;aqG;aEG;c%f;

txl;aqmif;yg; 11

Zifvif; a±$0ga&mifawmfveS af &; æ æ

0wˆKwkd 45

rdk;rdk;tif;vsm; tdref ;D csi;f æ æ

a0zefa&; 16

armifpGrf;&nf ±Suw f wf&if ±Suw f wf=uyg

arG;aeUtrSwfw&uAsm 17

cufausmf uE Wm&ESif;qD(odk@ )tarrm

armiftm[m& 43

armifatmifvD ( tm[m&pmapmif )

o½kyfaz:yHkrsm; armifatmifvD (tm[m&pmapmif)

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ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;rsm;rS pwif+yD; &Spaf v;vH;k vlxk 'Dru kd a&pD ta&;awmfy}kH uD; jzpfymG ;cJo h nf? wEdik if v H ;kH twdik ;f twmjzifh yg0if}udK;yrf;cJ=h uonf? tm;enf;csuf trsKd ;rsKd ;a=umifh atmifjrifrj_ zifh vG=J u&onf? ta&;edr=hf u& onf? ok@d aomf ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ a&S@wef;rS OD;aqmifO;D &Guyf g0ifaqmif&u G cf o hJ rl sm;/ tar#mt f jrif&adS om jynfolrsm;. pdwf"mwfxJwGifum; b,faomtcgr# r&H_;ap& - rkcsatmifjrif&rnf[lkaom qENjyif;rsm;jzifh ppftm%m&l;rsm;ukd tHwkcJh=uonf? qef@usifcJh=uonf? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@ jyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJh+yD; aemufyikd ;f wGif v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;u ydI k t&Sed f &vmcJo h nf? vlxpk nf;&H;k a&;udk yd+k yD; vkyaf qmifvmEdik cf =hJ uonf? jynfov l x l u k vnf; tjrifus,pf mG jzifh ylaygi;f v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonf? xkrd S ppftm%m&SiS w f @kd . qifjcifrahJ om vky&f yf (avmifpmqDaps;E_e;f jriS w hf ifr)_ rSp+y;D ausmif;om;jynfov l y_ &f mS ;r_}u;D yd}k u;D xGm;cJ=h u&onf? ausmif;om;jynf oludk oHCmawmfrsm;rS ulnyD ;l aygi;f / oHCmawmfrsm;udk ausmif;om;jynforl sm;rS umuG,u f n l rD j_ zifh oHCmwyf aygi;f pk}u;D rS OD;aqmifonhf +ird ;f csr;f pGmqENjyh r_}u;D rsm;udk Edik if t H ESt H jym;wGif axmifaomif;rsm;pGmaom oHCmawmfrsm; ausmif;om;jynforl sm; Edik if aH &;orm;rsm; 0dik ;f 0ef;v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uonf? (19) ESp=f um +ird o f ufpmG v_y&f mS ;cJah om 'Dru kd a& pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;um; oHCmwyfaygi;f pk}uD;. OD;aqmifrj_ zifh Ekid if t H ESt H jym; ay:xGe;f vmcJ=h u&onf? od@k aomf vlpw d u f if;rJah e=uaom rdpm> ppf0g'w D @kd . &ufpufpmG ESrd ef if;r_a=umifh ausmif;om;jynfol Edik if aH &; orm;rsm;omru oHCmawmftrsm;tjym;yg aoG;ajrusc=hJ uonfh ,ae@xufxd tusO;f axmifrsm; &Jpcef;rsm;wGif oHCmawmfrsm;udk zrf;qD;xm;qJ ESypf ufaeqJyif jzpfonf? qEMjyr_wiG f yg0ifc=hJ u k olrsm; oHCmawmfrsm;udk ulnyD hH yd;k cJo h rl sm;vnf; ,ae@onfw h ikd f vku d v f &H mS azG zrf;qD;cHae&qJ jzpfonfh tajctaewd@k =unfv h #if ppftm%m&l;wd@k onf aoG;&l;aoG;wef;jzifh olw@dk . xGuaf ygujf zpfaom vufeufjzifh &ufpufpmG okwo f iferd ef if;a&; enfvrf;udo k m tm;xm; v#u&f =dS uayonf/ od@k aomf ,ckjzpfymG ;cJah om +idr;f csr;f pGmqENjyr_}uD;onf 1988 wGif jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfykHJ }u;D ESihf rwlbJ wd;k wufvmaom tdik w f eD nf;ynmrsm;a=umifv h nf;aumif; todtjrifus,af om ausmif;om;jynf olrsm;. yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf a_ =umif4h if;/ jynfy&Sd rD', D mrsm;. yHyh ;kd uknrD a_ =umif4h if;/ &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfy}kH u;D ESihf Edi_ ;f ,SOaf omf Edik if w H um. pdw0f ifpm;r_EiS hf tav;xm;apmif=h unhrf _ zdtm;ay;r_/ukvor*~. ydI k tav;xm;aqmif &Gurf w _ @kd u odom xifomvmayonf? rnfo@kd yifjzpfapumrl tm&SEikd if rH sm; (txl;ojzifh jrefrmEdik if . H tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;) taejzifh ,cifxufpmv#if jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDta&;ukd vpfv#K&_I r&awmhonfum; aocsmayonf? 0kid ;f 0ef;pOF;pm;=u&awmhrnf tajctaeok@d OD;wnfaeay+yD? ,ckuo hJ @kd &Spaf v;vH;k ta&;awmfy}kH uD;ESihf rwl nDonhf tajctaew&yf&yf( oHCmawmfrsm; OD;aqmifonfh v_y&f mS ;r_}u;D jzpfcjhJ cif;/ t ikd w f eD nf;ynmrsm; wk;d wuftoH;k jyKEkdifvmjcif;/ r D'D,m tcsdK@. yl;aygif;yHhydk;r_) wdk@udk tcGifhaumif;,lI jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDta&;udk jynfwGif; jynfy&Sd tzG@JG tpnf;toD;od;D taejzifh pepfwus yl;aygi;f aqmif&f u G =f u&rnfh tcsed yf ifjzpfonf? ,ck tcsed cf gonf tcGihf t a&;aumifrsm;ukd toH;k csI bufaygi;f pHrk S ppftm%m&l;rsm;ukd yl;aygi;f wdu k x f w k v f #if rkcsatmifjrifrnf[k ,H=k unfrd ygonf? “v_yf&Sm;rsm;ukd jrSifhwif=u/ bufaygif;pHkrS yl;aygif;yg0ifv_yf&Sm;=u? ”

tm[m&0dik ;f awmfom;rsm; 4

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* \J\ifo h ufZJG

urf;ukefoGm;_yD ArmEdik if o H rdik ;f rSm r}uKH b;l wJh t&dik ;f tpdik ;f wd@k cif;wJZh mwf urf;ukeo f mG ;+yD æ? Armh&mZ0ifxu J &Sib f &k ifawGvufxufrmS vJ r±Scd b hJ ;l æ? u|eZf mwfoiG ;f tkycf sKyf e,fcs@J ,w k w f @kd vufxufrmS vnf; r&Scd b hJ ;l æ? &dik ;f pdik ;f =urf;=uKwf zufqpfw@kd &@J tyk cf sKyfra_ tmufrmS vnf; r&Scd b hJ ;l æ?

vGwv f yf+y;D q,fEpS w f mumv 'Dru kd a&pDtprSmvnf; r&Scd b hJ ;l æ? tckawmh æ omoemawmf&@J ordik ;f vJ aoG;pGe;f cJ&h +yD &mZ0ifawGvJ &dik ;f cJ&h +yD &[ef;oHCm ausmif;om; jynfol tmZmenftaygi;f wd@k &@J toufawG aºuus ajrc&av+yD æ? avmuygvw&m;rsm;uG,af ysmuf tvif;wHcg;ayguaf wG aysmufq;kH tyg,v f m;r,fh avmufaumifawG tm%mrpiftikd rf mS w&ke;f &ke;f eJ@ urf;ukeaf eyHrk sm; cGiv hf w $ Ef ikd pf &mr&Sad wmhavmufatmif urBmra=uaw;oHom wwdik ;f jynfv;kH ys@H E@HS v@kd tvSnu hf s&if rEG@J =upwrf;aygu h mG æ? ? 5

trSwpf Of- 81

tm%mtwW&@J ppfwvif;uëi;f rSm tmrcHcsut f jynfeh @J rëaJ waeawmh b0udk b,ftaetxm;eJ@ qif;ouf em;cd&k ygh ² ² ²?

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007

•

toH;k r0ifwhJ vlprë ;f aumif;awë rif;vkyt f yk cf sKyfaeawmh 'kuo Q aH 0*awëu wrd;k vif;wdik ;f tdraf ygu0f udk a&mufvmcJah ygh ² ² ²? •

•

ESv;kH om;uuswhJ rsu&f nf rsuv f ;kH urS r[kww f m bk&m;yk&0k%rf mS ² ² ² vrf;ay:rSm ² ² ² taië@wvlvl okomefrmS ² ² ² ae&mwdik ;f rSm ² ² ² &J&eJ w D hJ rsu&f nfawë tarSmifawëpo J më ;&if =u,fawëvrJ &Sad wmhwm taotcsmaygh ² ² ²?

Mu,f w yG ifh &JU rsuf &nf

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azaz cHpm;csujf yif;wJh ,H=k unfcsut f wëuf ar#mv f ifjh cif;ca&mif;awmxJ av#mufapcJw h hJ azaz ² ² ² vlx}k uD;&J@cpH m;csuef @J acë;o&rf;awëtm%mvkyrJë mS b,fXmeD b,fc&D; jref;oëm;ovJ azaz ² ² ² tm±Hu k si;f tvif;a&mufwikd ;f rsu&f nfpufvuf tr#a0wJh ararh&@J 0wfjyKoHukd &ifeifrh w d ,f azaz ² ² ² ( oydwt f wëi;f aysmufq;kH oëm;aom azazESihf jynfov l x l o k @kd )

aZ,smxGe;f (xm;0,f) 16 / 10 / 2007 ( t*F gae@ )

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jref r mowif ; ES i f h r D ' D , m rSefpGm r,Gif;rysuf yDjyifvm b0if = unf p &m x,f 0 gjcif ; eJ h ZrŠ L wcG i f r S m r*F v mowif ; oif ; ysH @ vk d @ om/ xl ; wif h n D n m usL;&ifhcsD rD'D,m tpGrf;awGa=umifh zl;yGifhoD pmuAsm v$rf;ygvkd@ jref r mawG urB m w0S r f ; rS m t&kyf toH tpkH xGifum xm;+yDrkd@ t[kwf trSef tukefjrifom =um;awmhw,f tm;uk d ; v#uf y g/ tvif ; wef ; a0jzm twif ; tjzef ; raoG z,f c G m csygvk d @ owif; o&rf;awG ES,fum ESyfaewJh jynfjrefrm =urRm &[wfukd rD ' D , m ormorwf e J @ tcgrjywf a tmif azmf a qmif = uw,f vSygayhom; ? ?

arS m if rkduf jcif ; ukd cGif; rnfh ol

(trdjrefrmjynf vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wkdufyGJ0ifae=uonfh jrefrmowif;ESifhrD'D,m q&m§q&mr rsm;okd@ )

&efEikd x f eG ;f / vGwfajrmuf&efEekd,fifxajrGef; / ukd&D;,m; vGwaf jrmufe,fajr? ud&k ;D ,m;?

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aoG;&mZ0if ao;ao;r$m;r$m; &mZ0ifawmh r[kwb f ;l a[h æ?

igwdk‹vnf;yJ aoG;cif;vrf;udk opPmrazmuf a&SŒqufav#muf&if; nDnGwfjcif;ESifh toufoGif; tm;rmefudkjr‡ifh "m;vSH0ifh+yD; csDwufOD;pdk‹a[h æ?

21 axmifpkESpf ppfbDvl;pepftwGif;rSm tpaw;cH jynfolawG &J&JeDapG; oHCmhaoG;awGu pkwfcsmcsm vrf;rxuf at;pufroGm; "m;oGm;uJhodk‹ c|efxufjr etz twGuf tyif;oGi;f vdu k w f ma[h æ tyif;oGif;vkdufwm?

ypPKy`eftarSmifxktwGif; oef;acgifudkjzwf tawmifyHcwf+yD; awmufywJh tem*wfqD vSr;f vd‹k omcsD &J0ZhH menfa[h æ? ao;ao;r$m;r$m; &mZ0ifr[kwf a[h æ 'g[m aoG;&mZ0ifu?G ?

_rwfE;kd

yd;k pm; *sr;f wH;k }uD; teDa&miforf;wJv h rf; zefqw G af &ouFe;f ykq;kd / vG,t f w d jf ref;? 'gayrJh c&D;a&mufrqku d f bD;ayguv f u kd f an‡mifq h ;l awGe@J wu kd f w,fvJ rdu k w f phJ ±du k ?f

aA'garmif (a,m&yf&mG )? ?

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abbDeDvmode;f {csif; atmifa0; atmufwb dk m 19/2007 {vnf;wnfh ,Of{{ ridyk ge@J orD;av; ;;;; av;vt&G,/f orD;i,fonf b,ftwGuEf iS /fh jypf'%foifI h rdcifE@kd EiS hf a0;&oenf;? orD;t&G,/f av;vi,fonf b,ftwGiEf iS /hf rif;rsuo f ifI h zcif&h ifEiS hf a0;&oenf;? {vnf;wnfh ,Of{{ ridyk ge@J orD;uav; ;;;; Ed@k r0I nnxid/k rsu&f nfpEdk iS hf pdrk su&f nfajcmuf/ wrd;k aomufv#if aemufxyfwzef idOk ;D rnf? z rawG@I nnae@ae@/ bGm;&ifaiG@rmS ararhorD;/ id&k &Smrnf? rd rvmI Ed@k qmEd@k iwf/ arwWmiwfI tm;jywfvu J m/ idak wmhrnf? {vnf;wnfh ,Of{{ ridyk ge@J orD;uav; ;;; Ed@k r&I wnxid/k us;D tky+f ydKonf acG;ndKxa[mif/ vaiGa&mifvnf; tarSmifxpfcsKef;/ aoG;eH@z;kH um 'dik ;f 'ke;f 'de;f nH/ aoewfoaH wG rd;k ,Hyw hJ if xyfawmh.? tbGm;pdwrf S y&dw&f w G o f /H w&m;oHvnf; bke;f }uD;ausmif;rS tH;k armif;acguo f /H *DwoHvnf; w&Hrvyf/ pufaoewfw@kd ypfcwfoaH tmuf aysmufuek . f ? wifu h m;bD;atmufa&mufuek . f /

{vnf;wnfh ,Of{{ ridyk ge@J orD;uav; ;;;;; zufqpfacwfo@kd ppfO;D bDv;l / rdpm> yl;onfh ppfO;D pD;&l;/ tm%mrl;onhf wyfrLS ;}u;D awG bke;f }u;D ausmif;wGi;f / 0ifp;D eif;I aoG;csi;f csi;f jzm/ oHCmatmfnnf; vif;vke;D rSm orD;vef@I idjk yefonf? orD;ido k /H aoewfoEH iS hf tzefzefa&m/ orD;armI tdyaf omc% “ppftpd;k & usq;kH ygap” orD;ido k /H aoewfoEH iS hf tzefzefaf ESm/ orD;apmI Ed;k aomc% “vlxt k pd;k & ay:xGe;f ygap” {vnf;wnhf ,Of{{ rikyd ge@J orD;uav; ;;;; orD; Ed@k rsuI f vnf; tarhwu kd yf JG rysu?f tarhE@kd oufIvnf; orD;wdu k yf rJG ysu?f [d H op>/H trSezf ufI “tpd;k &ysu”f “tm%mpuf”ukd "rRpufEiS hf “zsu”f apownf;? ? (88rsdK;quffausmif;om;acgif;aqmifZeD;armifEHS - ud*k sirf D ESihf reDvmode;f wd@k .orD;i,fo@kd / tdrfjyefra&mufao;wJh uAsmq&m atmifa0;a&;wJhuAsm )

a'gufwmvG%f;aqG bavmufrS pm,lygw,f? 10

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txl;aqmif;yg;

a½T0ga&mif awmfveS af &; ESihf a½T0ga&mif owif;uGe, f uf

(Zifvif;)

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007 ÒÒ vGecf o hJ nf@q,fpEk pS t f awmtwGi;f wckaom wefaqmif rke;f vudk usaemf jyefajymif;owd&rdonf? xdk wefaqmifrek ;f vudk rSwrf d &onfhta=umif;rSm xdkESpf‘trsKd ;om;ae@pde&f wkobif’udk ppfacG;wdkuf Y usi;f ycJh &Ijzpfonf? twdtusajym&v#if 1995 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvjzpf onf? ae&mu tif;pdeaf xmif ppfacG;wdu k jf zpfonf? q&mOD;0if;wiftyg t0if usaemfwkd Eh ikd if aH &; tusO;f om;(8) OD; emrnfausmf ppfacG;wdu k w f iG f wdu k yf w d f cHae&ygonf// ppfacG;wdu k f (1) cef;wGif a'guw f mjrifEh ikd f (uefb h vl v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,)f / (2) cef;wGif pma&;ol/ (3)cef;wGif a'guw f m aZmfjrifah rmif (tr&yl&v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,)f (4) cef;wGif rsKd ;jrifn h rd ;f / (5)cef;wGif a'guw f m cifaZmf0if;/ (7) cef;wGif OD;Edik ;f Edik ;f ( ykZeG af wmifvw $ f awmf ud, k pf m;vS,)f / tcef;(8)wGif OD;xGe;f 0if; (rif;Asm;pD;eif;wdu k cf u kd rf KS ) ESihf tcef;(10)wGif q&mOD;0if;wif jzpfygonf// ppfacG;wdu k w f ckv;Hk wGiu f s aemfwkd &h pS af ,mufom &Syd gonf// orHwvif;ay:wGif tdy=f u&jy;D aomuf a&td;k ESiw hf uG rnfonfh tok;H taqmifr# ray;yg// tqd;k qk;H udprP mS tdrf omoGm;&ef bmr#pDpOfray;jcif;jzpfonf// oDwif;wywfausmfonftxd vnf; a&csKd ;cGirhf ay;cJ/h / usaemfwkd u h ud, k t hf wGux f uf q&mOD;0if;wift wGuf ydI k pd;k &drcf =hJ u&onf// q&monf xdpk Ofu tlusa0'em cGpJ yd u f o k rSK cH,x l m;&onfrmS r=umao;// xdk ah =umifh Tr# qd;k &Gm;vSaom nSi;f yrf; ESyd pf ufr'kS %fa=umifh q&mhuse;f rma&; ydrk kd qd;k &Gm;oGm;rnfukd tm;vk;H u pd;k &drcf =hJ uonf// odk ah omf q&mum; t+yKH;rysu/f tjcm;olrsm;udyk if pdwf "gwfrus&ef tm;ay;aecJhonf// Tae&mY ppfacG;wdu k o f @kd usaemfw@kd bma=umifh a&mufvm=u& oenf;qdo k nfukd &Si;f ygrnf?“owif;”iwfrw G rf o _ nfjy\em.ta=umif; &if;jzpfygonf? Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; trsm;pk}u;D rSm rdrw d @kd u, kd w f ikd f rod&dS vdu k b f J pdwaf &m*gwck pGu J yf cHae=u&onf? xdak &m*grmS owif;pmrzwf &v#if raeEdik o f nfh a&m*gjzpfonf? wqifw h ufv#if a&'D,ekd m;raxmif& v#if raeEdkif/owif;ESifh eD;pyfol rdwfaqGa&mif;&if;rsm;ESifh owif;zvS,f &ef rawG@&v#if raeEdik f jzpfwwf=uygonf? axmifxo J @kd a&mufvmawmhrS rdrw d @kd u, kd pf w D iG f xdak &m*g pGu J yfaea=umif;od&awmhonf?xd@k a=umifEh ikd if H a&;tusO;f om;trsm;pkrmS tpm;taomufxuf owif;udk ydI k rufwwf =uonf? rdom;pkEiS hf (15) rdepfr# axmif0ifpm awG@&csed rf sm;wGif rdom;pk ta&;/aqGa&;rsKd ;a&;wd@k xuf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&; tajctaersm;udo k mpyf pkwwf=uI rdom;pkuyif +idKjiifjcif; cH&wwfonf? 11

trSwpf Of- 81 axmifjyifywGif *vdb k ,fvu kd af Z;&Si;f . ouf a&mufrr_ sm; pae+yv D m;/ owif;acwf. ±du k cf wfrr_ sm; &Sad e+yv D m; qdo k nfukd usaemfw@kd rodyg? usaemfw@kd a&m *g tajccHEiS t hf yfpyfonfh jyifyEdik if aH &; 'Da&twuft usukd usaemfw@kd odcsipf w d f jyif;jyaeonf? Edik if w H um u jrefrmudpP tay: rnfo@kd oabmxm;onfukd od csipf w d f jyif;jyaeonf? Tod@k jzifh usaemfw@kd wiG f pGu J yf aeonfh ‘owif;iwf a&m*g’zdp;D r_u jyif;xefvmawmh onf?1993ESpq f ef;wGif trsKd ;om;nDvmcHusi;f yawmh rnf qdak omtcg usaemfw@kd Edik if aH &; tusO;f om;tm; vkH;taejzifh axmif0ifpmrS yg;pyf owif;avmufudk tm;ud;k aeI rvkaH vmufawmhqo kd nfukd oabmayguf vm=uonf?od@k jzifh tcsicf si;f nSEd id_ ;f wdik yf if=uum t usOf;axmif 0efxrf;rsm;tm; pnf;±kH;I jrefrmhtvif;/ a=u;rkH/wdkif;(rf)/e,l;(pf)0d(cf) ponfwdk@udk cdk;oGif;EdkifcJh =uonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcH b,fv/J bmvJ qdo k nfukd tcsuftvuf tcdkiftrmESifh jiif;ckefEdkifcJh=uonf? 1994 ckEpS f a&mufaomtcg tdyaf qmifa&'D ,dk wvk;H udyk if cd;k oGi;f Edik cf =hJ uonf? xdk a±'D,u kd kd em; usyfjzifh cdk; em;axmifum tywfpOf owif;pmapmif wck zefw;D Edik cf =hJ uonf?tjcm; tawG;tjrif t,lt qrsm; zvS,fEdkifonfh vufa&; pmapmifuav;rsm; xkwaf 0 Edik o f nftxd nDnn D w G n f w G f tm;xkwf vkyf aqmifEikd cf =hJ uonf? Tod@k jzifh usaemfw@kd . ‘owif;iwf a&m*g’ zdp;D r_ukd ukpm;cJh =uonf? xdo k @kd aom enf;jzif&h &S d v maom owif ; rsm;. aus;Zl ; a=umif h etz. trsdK;om;nDvmcHudk twktppf ydkif;jcm; okH;oyfEdkifcJh onf?wqifw h ufI axmifwiG ;f vl@tcGit hf a&;csKd ;azguf r_ tpD&ifcpH mwapmif pkaygi;f jyKpkEikd cf o hJ nf? axmifwiG ;f v#Kd @0u S o f wif;pOfuav;. aus;Zl;a=umifh xdv k @l tcGihf ta&;csKd ;azgurf _ tpD&ifcpH mudk ukvor*~ ESpif g;q,f jynfch sed w f iG f oufqikd o f w l @kd vufo@kd a&muf&adS tmifc;kd xkwEf ikd cf o hJ nf? tu,fI ppftm%mydik w f @kd zefw;D xm; onfh owif; tarSmifcsr_udkom usaemfwdk@ rcsdK;zsuf

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007 owif; vGwfvyfcGifh&Sdonfh EdkifiHrsm;u r&SdonfhEdkifiHrsm;xuf ydkI acwfrD wd k ; wuf v monf r S m tH @ =ozG , f & mum;r[k w f ? xdk@xufydkI owif; vGwfvyfcGifh qd w f o k O f ; aeaom jrefrmEdkifiH "m;raemufydwf acG; jzpf a e&jcif ; rS m vnf ; tH@=ozG,f&mr&Sd? Edik cf v hJ #if usaemfw@kd . pOf;pm; a0zefEikd o f nfh tpGr;f tp rsm;vnf; wdrjf rKyfaezG,&f m&Sad yonf? ‘vl@tcGit hf a&; csdK;azgufr_ tpD&ifcHpm’udkvnf; wif&aumif;rSef; t od^m%f ay:aumif;rS y:ayrnf? pkaygi;f tm;xkwrf _ & v'f axmifwGif; owif; pD;a=umif;uav;. tvif; a&mifa=umifh usaemfw@kd ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;. OD;aESmuf c0gcsr_udk wGef;vSef EdkifcJh=uonf? od@k aomf usaemfw@kd xrJ S opPmrJo h l wOD;a=umifh axmifwGif; owif;uGef,ufuav; zsufodrf;cHvdkuf &onf? aqmif;yg; tpY qdck o hJ vd/k ppfacG;wdu k Yf (6)v tydwcf cH &hJ onf?xdpk pfacG;wdu k rf mS yif tvGew f efz;kd }uD; aom ‘tod’wck udv k nf; &&Scd o hJ nf? vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f / vl@tzG@J tpnf;wdik ;f / Edik if w H ikd ;f &Sio f efz@HG +zdK;a&;twGuf ‘owif;’ onf r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfcsujf zpfonf [lonfh ‘tod’ud&k &Sv d u kd o f nf? xdk todjzifh uHtm;av#mpf mG axmifrSvGwfvmcsdefwGif axmifpkESpf tul;tajymif;/ *vdb k ,fvu kd af Z;&Si;f / owif;acwf ponfh Edik if w H um *,ufvd_if;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifawG@vdkuf&onf? od@k aomf wcsed w f nf;rSmyif etz ppf tpd;k & acwf. jrefrmEdik if H owif;vGwv f yfciG hf qdwo f Ok ;f r_EiS hf vnf; yufyif; awG@&onf?tmqD,t H zG@J 0if tjzpf w qifhjrifhvmaom jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yk*~vduowif;pm/ a&'D,/kd &kyo f rH sm;r&Sad o;yg//owif;at*sipf /D qif'u D w d f ponfh rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm vkyfcGifhr&Sdyg// 12

trSwpf Of- 81 tpd;k &u cGijhf yKvdik pf if cs ray;v#if zuf (pf)/ uGeyf sLwm tifwmeuf ok;H cGirhf &Syd g// tpd;k & cGijhf yKcsuf r&Sb d J a[m ajym/oif=um;/ydk hcs/ pmwrf;zwf/pm&Gufpmwrf;jzef@a0 cGihf ponfwkd v h yk cf iG rhf &Syd g//ukvor*~rS ykEH ydS o f nfh “t jynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&; a=unmpmwrf;”udyk if jzef@a0cGifh ray;yg? ,kwfpGtqkH; ema&;a=umfjimudkyif cGifhjyKcsufr&v#if xnfhcGifh r&Sdyg//tmqD,HtzGJ@0ifEdkifiH wcktaeESihf 'Dru kd a&pD vl t h zGJ t h pnf; xlaxmif&ef &nfoefygu owif;pm vGwv f yfciG hf &Szd kd t h xl; vdt k yf yg onf? 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk atmifjrifatmifxlaxmif vdv k #if urBmESihf qufo, G af &; uGe, f uf&&dS ygrnf? ‘o wif;vGwfvyfcGifh jyLwif;ayguf’rsm;zGifhxm;&ygrnf?o wif;vGwfvyfcGifh jyLwif;aygufrsm;udk ydwfxm;v#if qlumEdk (tif'ekd ;D &Sm;)/ vDurG , f ;l (puFmyl)/zm'Deefrmudk h(pf)(zdvdydkif)/xEGefupfwDumc|ef(xdkif;)wdk hv$rf;rdk;onfh ‘tmqD,HtarSmifacwf’ Dark Ages of ASEAN’qD od@k jyefweG ;f ydk @ovdk jzpfvrd rhf nf [k‘puFmyl'rD u kd &uf wpfygw’D u rSwcf suf ay;zl;onfukd owdjyKoifo h nf? Tod@k Edik if w H umu owif;acwf ESif t h rSD vdu k zf @kd }uKd ;yrf;aecsed w f iG f jrefrmEdik if u H owif;tarSmif csz@kd enf;rsKd ;pkH tok;H jyK tm;xkwaf eonf? Edik if w H um owif;pmrsm;/ owif;uGe, f ufrsm;u owif;trSeu f kd wifjyEdik &f ef twwfEikd q f ;Hk }uKd ;pm;ae=uonf? vlwOD; csi;f ESihf vl@rt _ zG@J tpnf;t=um;/vl@rt _ zG@J tpnf;wckEiS hf wckt=um;/ vl@rt _ zG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf tpd;k &t=um;/ t pdk;&wckESifhwckt=um;/EdkifiHwckESifh wckt=um;/ quf qHa&;ESizhf @HG +zKd ;wd;k wufa&;rsm; acsmarG@ap&ef owif;pm rsm;u aygi;f ul;ay;=uonf? vl@,Ofaus;r_. topft opf a om jzpf x G e f ; csuf r sm;ud k vl t rsm;od a tmif owif;pmrsm;u aqmif&u G af e=uonf?xdrk #ru vlxk udkynmay;jcif;/Oya'opf/pepfopf/ ,Ofaus;r_topf acwfay:ud&d,mtopfponfrsm;ESifhvnf; owif;pm u rdwq f uf ay;ao;onf? xd@k jyif vlx. k tusKd ;pD;yGm; ESifhvGwfvyfr_ tcGifhta&;udkvnf; owif;pmu um

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007 uG,f apmifha&Smuf ay;ao;onf? xdk@a=umifh owif; vGwv f yfciG hf &So d nfh Edik if rH sm;u r&So d nfEh ikd if rH sm;xuf ydkI acwfrD wdk;wufvmonfrSm tH@=ozG,f&mum;r [kw?f xd@k xufyI kd owif; vGwv f yfciG hf qdwo f Ok ;f ae aom jrefrmEdkifiH "m;raemufydwf acG; jzpfae&jcif;rSm vnf; tH@=ozG,&f mr&S?d odk@aomf owif;qdkonfrSm ydwfqdk@[ef@wm; xm;I &aumif;aom t&m r[kwyf g? yef;owif;av nSi;f aqmifouJo h @kd yif/ owif; qdo k nfrmS vnf; ol@y&d owf&&dS menf;vrf;&SmIa&mufomG ;wwf+ro J mjzpfonf? txl;ojzifh,ckuo h J @k d Age of Wisdom (or) Age of Information Technologyqdo k nft h ik d w f aD cwf wGif owif;trSeu f kd ydwq f @kd &ef }uKd ;yrf;jcif;onf ‘rd;k }uKd ; ypf&m xef;vufEiS hf um’ qdo k uJo h @kd om jzpfayrnf? 'Dru kd a&pD. tajccHtw k jf rpfrmS vlwikd ;f Edik if H om;wdik ;f rdro d abmtjrif ,k=H unfcsuf ponfwkd u h kd vGwv f yfpmG xkwaf z:cGi&hf &Sjd cif;jzpfonf//xd@k a=umifeh ikd if H wedik if . H zGH jh zKd ;wd;k wufrKS twdik ;f twmudk tuJjzwf owfrw S &f mY Freedom of Press udk ta&;tyg qk;H jy'g;wdik t f jzpf edik if w H um vl t h cGit hf a&; apmifh =unfh toif;tzGJ@rsm;u avhvm rSwfom;=ujcif;jzpf onf//owif; vGwfvyfcGifh ydwfyifxm;jcif;onf opf yifwyif. a&aomufjrpfudk jzwfawmufxm;jcif;ESifh tvm;wlonf// 'Drdkua&pDedkifiH xlaxmifvdkaom o abm trSew f u,f&v d S #iP f ress Freedom udk tOD;qk;H xlaxmifjy&rnf/ Freedom of Expression r&So d nfh edik if w H iG f 'Dru kd a&pDpepfqikd &f m taqmuftOD rsm; wnfaqmufI r&Edik o f nfukd txl;owdcsy&f rnf/ Age of Wisdom (or) IT Era rsuaf rSmufacwf wGif todOm% pf ;D a=umif;ESihf owif; pD;a=umif;rsm;udk ydwq f kd [ h ef w h m;olreS o f r# wdik ;f jynfvx l . k &efol eHywf wpf jzpfvmrnfh tcsuu f kd tav; *±kjyKoifo h nf?xdt k csuu f kd jrefrm ppfAv dk w f @kd odem;vnfyHk ray:? xd@k a=umifv h nf; 2007 =o*kw(f 15) &ufae@u 13

trSwpf Of- 81

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007

“a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;”ESifhtwl jrefrmowif;rD'D,m wacwfqef;cJhonf[k qdkEdkifayonf?” vlxt k m; owif;pmrS wif}uKd todray;bJ/ avmifpm qD aps;wd;k jrSichf jhJ cif;jzpfonf? tu,fIom owif;pmrS }uKd wifI aps;E_e;f wd;k oifh rwd;k oifh oabmqENw;D acguf =unfEh ikd cf v hJ #i/f vlxw k ek @f jyefru _ kd odEikd af yonf?od@k aomf vlxo k abmudv k nf; tav;rxm;/ owif;pm wefz;kd udv k nf; em;rvnfaom ppfAv kd rf sm;onf vufnKS ;d n$ef &m a&jzpfrnf txifEiS hf waZmufuef; vkycf =hJ uonf? &v'frmS ordik ;f wGio f nfh ‘a&$0ga&mif awmfveS af &;’ay: aygufvmjcif;jzpfonf?Ta&$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;ESifh twljrefrmEdkifiH.owif;rD'D,mvnf;wacwfajymif; cJhayonf? ppftm%m&SifESifh &[ef;&Sifvljynfolvlxk. xdyw f u kd f tm;+yKd ifyw JG iG f oifb,fbufu &yf rSmvJ[k tar;cH&ouJo h @kd ordik ;f tjzpftysuw f @kd uwGe;f yd@k vdu k f onf?ppfwyfuaoewfvnf;okH;onf? AmveHvlrdkuf tk y f p k u d k v nf ; wk w f " g;vuf e uf wwf q if a y;um vlxu k kd wdu k cf u kd af ponf?vlxu k bm vufeufr# r udik af qmif/ t=urf;rzufa&;vufeufEiS hf owif;enf; ynmvufeufuo kd m udik af qmif =uonf? Edik if w H um wGif r}uKHb;l aom udp[ P k qdEk ikd o f nf? acwfay: tdik w f D ypPn;f rsm;jzpfaom vufuikd zf ek ;f / 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&m/ urfaumh'gwdk@udk tokH;jyKI vlxkudk,fwdkif ppfajrjyif owif;axmufrsm;ozG,f owif;rsm; oufpGef@qHzsm; &,lc=hJ uonf? ya&mfzuf&iS ef ,fowif;axmuf}u;D rsm; uyif xdv k x l o k wif;axmufw@kd xrH S owif;OD; owif; xl;rsm; jyefvnf &,lc=hJ u&onf? Tae&mwGif uGeyf sL wmESihf tifwmeuf. xda&mufrt _ pGr;f udk tHrh crf;awG@ =u&onf? ppfa&;u|r;f usio f l Adv k cf sKyf}u;D wd@k tvpft idu k rf u d m tvJx;kd cHvu kd &f onf? tvJx;kd wdu k yf w JG iG f t"duae&mrSyg0ifc=hJ uolrsm;rSm jrefrmbavmh*g~ (Blo

-gger)rsm;jzpfonf? ‘a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;’rwdkifrDuwnf;u tifwmeufv_dif;ay:Y EdkifiHwum bavmh*~grsm;ESifht wl jrefrmbavmh*g~ rsm;vnf; &mESichf sI D ae&m,lae=u +yDjzpfonf?bavmh*rf sm;onf ya&mfzuf&iS ef ,fr'D , D m rsm;ESirhf wl/ ydrk I kd vGwv f w G v f yfvyf &Sad yonf? acwf vli,f trsm;pkonf olw@kd . tawG;tac: t,ltq cHpm;csurf sm;udk vGwv f w G v f yfvyf wifjyEdik f tjrifz vS,Ef ikd &f ef ud, k yf ikd b f avmh*rf sm; wnfaqmufxm;=u onf? vli,fyyD D wwfEikd o f r# trSew f &m;udk az:xkwf &eftm;xkwx f m;=uonf?owif;tcsuf tvuftrSef rsm;udv k nf; wwfEikd o f r#&mS azG=u/ zvS,=f uum olw@kd bavmh*frsm;Y wifxm;=uonf? ‘a&$0ga&mifawmfveS af &;’jzpfvmaomtcg jrefrm bavmh*g~ (Blogger)trsm;pkrmS ppftm%m&Siq f ef@ usiaf &;/ Ak'b < mom &[ef;oHCmawmf t&Sio f jl rwft aygi;f . arwWmudk t&if;cHaom ‘ywWeu d KU Z…e’uHaqmif oydwf axmufcaH &;bufu &yfwnf cJ=h uonf?oydwf wdu k yf jJG yif;xefvmcsed w f iG f jrefrmjynfwiG ;f rS owif;t csuftvuftrSefrsm;/ "gwfykHrsm;/ AD'D,dkzdkifrsm;/ toH zdik rf sm; rdepfwikd ;f / em&Dwikd ;f Y vlxo k wif;axmufrsm; xHrSwqifh jrefrmbavm*~grsm;xH a&muf&Sdvmonf? Tod k @ jzif h wuf = uG v _ y f & S m ;ol r sm;/ vl x k o wif ; axmufrsm;/ bavmh*g~(Blogger)rsm; tcsw d t f quf rdrd owif;tifwmeufukd vlxw k u kd yf JG vufeufozG,f tok;H jyKEdik cf o hJ nf? aemufq;Hk owif; tajctaerSeu f kd od&&dS ef tifwmeufukd vufvrS ;f rSaD om vlxEk iS w hf uG EdkifiHwum owif;at*sifpDrsm;uyg jrefrm bavmh*~g (Blogger) rsm;. bavmh*rf sm;udk tcsed jf ynfh tm±kH pdu k cf =hJ u&onf? “&Spq f ,f&h pS t f a&;awmfy”Hk ESirhf wl jcm; 14

trSwpf Of- 81 em;onfh “a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;”. xl;jcm;csufrSm owif;rD', D macwf. taxmuftyHu h kd aumif;pGm&&Sd jcif;jzpfonf?rdepfyikd ;f /em&Dyikd ;f twGi;f ppftm%m&Siw f @kd usL;vGecf ahJ om vl@ tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azgurf r_ sm;udk t axmuf txm; cdik v f pHk mG Edik if w H umod@k wifjyEdik cf o hJ nf? vlxkowif;axmufrsm;. vufudkifzkef;rsm;rS wqifh ppfwyf. t=urf;zuf+zKd cGo J nfh aoewfoH rsu&f nf,kd Ak;H oH ±du k o f EH u S o f q H q J o kd rH sm;udk urBmu=um;ch&J onf? toufig;q,ft&G,*f syef"gwyf o Hk wif;axmufKenji Nagai tm; ppfom;wOD;u aoG;at;at;jzifyh pfowf cJyh u Hk v kd nf; CNN, BBC, Al Jazira owif;Xmersm; ESifhtwl jrefrm bavm*~grsm;u v#ifjrefpGm wifjyEdkif onfh twGu/f urBmu owif;trSeu f kd csucf si;f od=u &onf? jrefrm ppftm%m&Siw f @kd Edik if w H umtm; vdrf Ir& vSnI hf r& jzpfc&hJ onf? xd@k a=umifyh if ,ae@ jrefrmh jy\emtm; urBmu OayuQmjyKI r&onfh tajctaeod@k a&muf &Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf? Tonfudk tjidK;xm;I etzu owif;orm;rsm;udk &efowWK jyKcJo h nf? ‘a&$0ga&mif awmfveS af &;’udk ppfwyfu+zKd cGaJ omtcg ya&mfzuf&iS f e,fowif;axmufrsm;udo k mru/vlxo k wif;axmuf rsm;udkyg ypfrSwfxm; acsr_ef;cJhonf? uifr&mygol/ vufudkifzkef; ygolrsm;udk t"du ypfrSwfxm;a=umif; awG@&onf?tifwmeufuv kd nf;jzwfawmufypfco hJ nf? odk@aomf jrefrmbavmh*~grsm;u ravsmhaomZGJjzifhtif wmeuf &Edkifonfh ae&mXmersm; ESifh qufoG,fum owif;trSef pD;a=umif; rjywfatmif aqmif&GufEdkifcJh onf? wcsed w f nf;wGif ppftyk pf b k ufom; bavmh*g~ wcsdK@uvnf; owif;trSm;rsm;ESifh wefjyef&ef}udK;pm; onfukd awG@&onf? od@k aomf Edik if w H um jrefrm bavmh*g~ rsm;uxdk tvdkawmf&d bavmh*~grsm;. r±dk;om;r_udk zGifhcs EdkifcJh onf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrm bavmh*g~ w@kd . tcef;u¾udk CNN, BBC, Al Jazira paomowif;at*sipf rD sm;u

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007 yif todtrSwf jyK=u&onf? jrefrmbavmh*g~ udx k u kd f tm; wDADtifwmAsL; vkyfI rSwfwrf; wifcJh=uonf? TonfudkaxmufI “a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;”ESifht wl jrefrmowif;rD', D m wacwf qef;cJo h nf[k qdEk ikd f ayonf? txl;ojzifh wuf=uv G y_ &f mS ;olrsm;/ vlxo k wif;axmufrsm;/ bavmh*g~ (Blogger) rsm;. t csw d f tqufrrd d (Network) owif;tifwmeufueG f ,uf zG@J I vlx. k em;rsupf o d zG,f aqmif&u G o f mG ;Edik f r_rmS jrefrmEdik if H Freedom of Expressionv_y&f mS ; r_twGuf rSwfom;zG,f tcsufjzpfonf? tus;kd qufrmS jynfwiG ;f a&m jynfywGiyf g vl xkowif;axmufrsm;ESifhbavmh*~grsm;. =udK;yrf;csuf a=umifh ‘etz’ txD;usef jzpfomG ;cJo h nf?“a&$0ga&mif awmfveS af &;”pdw"f gwu f kd ppftm%m&Siw f @kd u aoewf jzifh ypfowf&ef }uKd ;yrf;csurf mS vnf; tcsn;f ES;D jzpfomG ; onf? vlxk owif;axmufrsm;ESifh bavmh*~g rsm;. owif;rSerf sm;. oufa&mufra_ =umifh ppfwyftwGi;f Y vnf; pdw"f gwaf &;&mt& t}u;D tus,f uG+J yt J xdem cJh&+yD? etzwyfrS Adkvfr_;wOD;ESifh vef'efjrefrmoH±kH;rS 'kw, d twGi;f 0efwOD;wd@k bufajymif; vmonfh om" u . aemufu, G w f iG f axmufco H rl ahJ eaom ppftm %m&Sipf epf. usq;Hk cef;udk jrifae&onf? xdk tajct aeod@k a&mufrS tm%m&Siu f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf awG@ygrnf[q k v kd monf? tm%m&Sit f zd@k olv;Hk 0rvdk vm;aom awG@qkaH qG;aEG;a&;udk pum;pysKd ; vm&jcif; rSmol@bufY aemufqw k pf &m vrf;r&Sad wmhIjzpfonf? ”a&$0ga&mifawmfveS af &;”ESihf twl jrefrmo wif;orm;rsm;jrefrmbavmh*g~ rsm;vlxo k wif;axmuf rsm;u tm%m&Sifh rsufESmzkH;udk cGmcsEdkifcJhIvnf;jzpf onf? *k%o f u d mQ rJh pufqw k zf , G &f m ppftm%m&Si. f bDv;l &kyv f ;Hk udk txif;om;ay:atmif cGmcsEikd cf o hJ nfh “a&$0ga&mifowif;uGef,uf” wGif wufwuf=uG=uG yg0ifcJholtaygif;tm; Taqmif;yg; jzifh rSwfwrf;wif *k%jf yKvdu k yf gonf? // 15

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±Suw f wf&if ±Suw f wf-uyg armifpGrf;&nf usaemfw@kd vlvm;ajrmufp t&G,uf wnf;u ppftyk cf sKyrf &_ @J vufatmufukd a&mufc&hJ w,f? Armjynf ppfrif;quf&@J oufwrf;udk wGu&f if 1958 uwnf;u pwGu&f r,f? tJ'u D wnf;u b,fou l rS rapmifch ikd ;f &yJ tdraf pmift h pd;k & trnf,+l yD; tm%modr;f zd@k vnf; }udK;pm;cJyh gw,f? Adv k af tmif}uD;/ Adv k af rmifarmif wk@d vnf; }uH &mygawGayg?h 1960 rSm rwwfomvd@k ppfwyfu a&G;aumuf yGJ jyefvyk af y;cJ&h ygw,f? ppfwyf&@J +crd ;f ajcmufr/_ vdrv f nfra_ wG=um; uyJ pGe@f pm;+y;D OD;Ekukd axmufccH =hJ uygw,f? ppfwyfe@J yif;w,fxifwhJ wnf+rJ zqyvudv k nf; aemufxyf emvHrxlEikd af tmif &H;_ apcJyh gw,f? t'g 1960 ckEpS f yg? 1962 rSm Akv d af e0if;u xyfrH tm%m odr;f vdu k f jyefygw,f? qd&k , S v f pf twkta,mifukd yGx J w k v f u kd w f ,f? 'g[m Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k &nfreS ;f csuyf v J @dk ajymvd@k qd&k , S ef pD wJh vuf0o J rm; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; tvdrcf H vku d =f u& ygw,f? tJ'u D p+y;D “qk&d , S v f rd ”f qdw k hJ pum;vH;k topf ay:vm+y;D jynfov l x l u k qd&k , S v f pfqw kd hJ pum;vH;k ukd em;0av oH rcHcsiaf wmhygb;l ? ppfwyf&@J qd&k , S v f ofygwu D akd wmh “jrefrmqdk &S,v f pfvrf;pOfygw”D wJ?h qd&k , S v f pf0g'[m e,fcs@J t&if; &Si0f g'&J@ qef@usib f uftjzpf ay: jyLvmjzpfaecsed rf mS [pfwvm tm%m&Siu f “trsKd ;om;qd&k , S v f pfygwD -emZD” vd@k nmovk/d Adv k af e0if;uvnf; nmvku d w f mayg?h ppfwyfygwD trnfu “ r q v”wJ?h jynfoal wGuawmh Ekid if aH &;orm;wcsKd @ tnmrdwmudk csucf si;f owday;vku d w f ,f? “r q v”r[kw?f “r q vm” ? tnmrd+yD; axmufcw H hJ “yrnw”twdu k t f cHygw}D uD;udv k nf; “aygirf ek @f nmwkw”f wJ?h uG+J yJ+ydKvJomG ;wJh “zq yv”awmfveS af &;wyfO;D }u;D udv k nf; [moygyge@J “zufaq;aygv h yd ”f wJ?h wcsKd @q&kd if (uefawmhyg &J@ ) “zufaq;ykvif;”vd@k pufqyk f emrnfay;vku d =f uygw,f? Akv d af e0if;wk@d [m wkid ;f jynf}uD; acsmufxu J sz@kd vufwvH;k tvkrd mS wGe;f csvu kd w f mudk jynfou l odw,f? t a=umif;nDnw G v f @dk abmif;bDc|ww f mudv k nf; odw,f? aomifajymif;0g'eJ@ acgi;f aygi;f nmcs=uwmvnf; odvu kd w f myJ? odrmS ayg?h jynfoyl ikd o f rd ;f w,fq+kd y;D jynfou l bmrSrydik &f bJ vufrjhJ zpfwmud;k ? ppfwyfyikd jf zpf+y;D trGq J ;kH Edik if jH zpfomG ;cJw h muk;d ? 'ga=umifv h nf;tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om;/ 0efxrf; pwJh jynfot l m;vH;k u tqifq h ifw h uf+yD t}urD f }urd f qENjyvku d af wmh (8888) ta&;awmfy}kH u;D rSm Adv k af e0if;wa,muf ud, k ahf &mifu, dk q f +JG y;D Zmwfpifay:u qif;oGm;& ygawmhw,f? Adv k af e0if;cifAsm “t&Six f u G ”f xGuaf yrJh olarG;vd@k vljzpfvm&wJh tZmwowf ppfAv kd f a'0'wfavmif;awGu ol@ukd “taoxGu”f xGucf ikd ;f vdu k w f m/ om;pOf ajr;quf usLyifcw k f usLikwaf wmif rcsev f u kd yf gb;l ? bmyJjzpfjzpf (8888) umvrSm jynfopl rG ;f tm;eJ@wygwpD epfudk ajymif;Edik cf &hJ ygw,f? orRwvl=urf;}u;D oH;k a,muf udv k nf; qGjJ zKwfcsEikd v f u dk yf g+yD/ 'Dru kd a&pD a&G;aumufy}JG uD; csucf si;f vkyaf y;cJ&h ygw,f? 'g[m w&m;r#wwJh a&G;aumufyv JG @kd urBmukd a=unmEdik cf yhJ gw,f? Adv k af pmarmifu“ppfwef;vsm;ukd jyefawmh r,f”vd@k &,f+z+J zeJ @J wu,fyJ ajymcJ&h ygw,f? usef ppfAv kd cf sKyw f u G “&l;vk@d ajymwm”vdv k /kd bmvkv d ekd @J tm%mjyeford ;f +y;D a':pke@J wuG acgi;f aqmifawGtm;vH;k udk zrf;qD;axmifcsypfvu kd yf gw,f? ukvor*~/ tmqD,ef/ tD;,l/ tar&duef pojzifh w&m;jy/ em;csvmor#uv kd nf; “a':pkw@kd ukd ckyJ jyefvw $ rf mS yg” “ppfreS w f hJ 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if t H jzpf ckyJ ajymif;awmhrmS yg”vd@k tcgcg vdrn f mcJyh gw,f? ajAmifwriff used +f yD;/ anmifEpS yf ife@J yg vdr=f ujyefygw,f? oHCmawmf}uD;rsm;udv k nf; “tvSLa&puf vufef uf rcGmbJ”vkyjf y+yD;/ nm=ujyefygw,f? 16

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uEÅm&ESi;f qD(odUk r[kw)f tarrm Útvdak v; æ Asm r,HkEdkifavmufp&m aumif;vdkufyHkrsm; ajymygw,f vlwa,mufudkta=umif;ðy+yD; vlawG tkwfatmfaomif;wif; jzpfaevdkufwm wEdkifiHvHk; yk&Gufqdwfwef;}uD;wcktvm; tyla&mifawGeJ@ pdrf;pdkvSyaewJh &mZ0ifa[mif;rsm;&JŒ b¾modkuf}uD;awG&Sd&m taraewJh uE mW &òr@d awmf}u;D qD æ av? tEk t&ifh tenf; trsm;om uGmcsifuGmr,f rae@wae@uyJ orRwa[mif;*sirf u D mwmu ol@qu D akd wmif ppfwyfu, kd pf m;vS,f ig;a,mufvm+yD; nmoGm; ao;w,fv@kd az:xkwv f u kd yf gw,f? yxr wacguu f wnf;u uwdawGay;+yD; txyfxyfnmcJ=h uygw,f? a':pke@J wuG Edik if aH &;orm;awGukd ckvw $ rf ,f/ ckyaJ wG@qrkH ,f ponfjzihf 0gpmurmeJ@ nmcJ=h uyg w,f? ukvor*~qw kd m urBmxdyo f ;D awG pka0;&myg? cktxd xdyw f uf+yD; ArmAdv k cf sKyfawGu nmwke;f yg? vdrw f mnm wm tcgcgr@dk / cktcg vH+k cKH a&;aumifpu D oabmxm;jyefwrf;xkw&f mrSm/ “uwdwnfz@kd ”/ “tcsed rf qGzJ @kd ”/ “xda&mufatmif aqG;aEG;taumiftxnfaz:zkd@” pwJh csnfwkyfwJh pum;vHk;awGeJ@ a&;om;xkwfjyefxm;wm awG@&ygw,f? 'gawmif ppftrd ef ;D csi;f avmfyef}uD;u pum;vH;k awGukd aysmah tmif “a&a&m”ay;vdu k af o;w,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? “ppfAv kd rf m,m oJu;kd zsm”jzpfaevd@k rm,mrrsm;eJ@/ rvdref @J v@dk owday;cH&wm[m &Suw f wf&ifawmh &Suzf @kd aumif;vSygw,f? usaemfw@kd taeeJ@ wd@k ArmppfAv kd f awG tjzpfq;kd vSygwum;vd@k =um;uae &Suv f eG v f @kd (&Suf vGev f eG ;f vk@d ) rsuEf mS "g;eJ@v;DS ypfcsirf yd gw,f? 'Dwcg rvdryf ge@J awmh? rsuEf mS ajymif qufrwku d yf ge@J awmh? oHo&ma=umuf+y;D &Suaf vmufyg+y?D [D&d =owy`&m; awGi,fpOfu oif=um;ay;cJw h hJ rdbq&mawG&@J rsuEf mS udv k nf; axmufxm;ygawmh? om;pOfajr;qufo[ D o kd &uf t&Suf rJw h hJ trsKd ;awGv@dk &d;k pGyrf cH&atmif &Suw f wf=uygawmh? ppf0wfc|w+f y;D vl0wfv/J vlxJ olxrJ mS vlvo kd v l kd aezk@d }uKd ;pm;=uwmayg?h 'Dxufy+kd y;D “&Suaf =um rm” ae&ifawmh &[ef;&Siv f al wGu “&Suaf =umaysmah tmif” vkyaf y;wm cH&awmhrmS jzpfa=umif;/ }udKwifaA'ifa[mvku d yf g&ap? euQw aA' r[kwyf g? ordik ;f aA'eJ@ a[mwmyg? &Suw f wf=uygap? oaAŠowWm orRoum? ? (2007/ atmifwb dk m 12) 17

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trSwpf Of- 81

Ed0k ifbm-4-2007

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43

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csrf;_r (10/ 9/ 2007)

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tm[m&jrwfE;kd olrsm;twGuf tm[m&(tcrJh)pmapmifudk *syefjynfwGif;/jynfy&Sd atmufaz: jyyg pmay0goemwl cspfrdwfaqGrsm; xHr&S ,lrmS =um;Edik yf gonf? *syefjynfwiG ;f ESiehf ,fpyfa'orsm;twGuf tcrJjh zef@csyd gaomfvnf; zH@G +zdK;+yD; wdik ;f Edik if H rsm;rS tm[m&pmapmiftm; rSm,lvdkygu atmufaz: jyyg zkef;eHygwfrsm;odk@ qufoG,fI“wHqdyfacgif;zdk;” ydk@ay;&efvdktyfygrnf? -tdE, dN Edik if (H e,l;a'vD)æ ud&k &J ifah tmif (91-92 1330-3335) e-mail: yeyint_aung [email protected] -xdik ;f Edik if H (rJaqmuf+rdK@ )æ udv k rG ;f %D (66-8-6939-3597) e-mail: [email protected] -puFmylEikd if H æ udb k ek ;f rif;ZGef (65-9831-8474 ) e-mail: [email protected]. -ud;k &D;,m;Edik if æ H ud&k efEikd x f eG ;f (82-11-9723-4773) e-mail: [email protected] (NLD-LA)

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trSwpf Of- 81

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