022-questionsanswers

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

1

acwfvli,fwpfOD;\tar; udk

"r®0[ d m&D t½SiÓ f P ajzqdak om

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿ ESiYf

vGefusL;rIudk b,fvdkem;vnf&rvJ¿

2002 ck E S p f 'D Z bF m v 20&uf

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

2

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

3

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿ t½Sifbk&m;? OD;Zif;a&;wJY pmwcsKd U zwfciG &Yf ygw,f/ av;av;eufeuf zwfwmawmY r[kwyf g/ wynfah wmfu, kd Ef u dI u f vnf; Ak'p¨ mayusr;f *efeYJ r&if;ES;D avawmYem;rvnfwmu cyfrsm;rsm;yg/ wynfah wmf vnf; &Hzef&cH g ]bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ? b,vkyzf v Ykd -J pojzifY awmifawmiftDtD pOf;pm;avY½Sdygw,f/ tazwdkY OD;av;wdkYeJYvnf; rMumcP jiif;MuçckMH uaygY/ vuf½dS Ak'b ¨ momqdw k mBu;D uvnf; wynfah wmf rauseyf yg/ vltrsm; vufc, H MHk unfxm;ykeH v YJ nf; b,fvrkd S oabmrwdu k f qdik yf g/ tazuawmY ajymavY½ydS gw,f/ rif;ÓPfav; wpfxmG wpf rdu k ef YJ vdu k v f rYkd rDygbl;wJ/Y 'gayrJY wynfah wmfu rDatmifvu dk af e jcif; r[kwyf g/ wpfxmG wpfru kd Ó f Pfuav;eJY wwfprG ;f oavmuf ykHazmfMunfhaewmyg/ wynfah wmf ykaH zmf&oavmufuawmY bmomw&m;qdw k m qdk½S,fvpfpepf? t&if;½Sifpepf pwmawGvdkygyJ? pepfwpfckrQom jzpfaew,fvYkd xif ygw,f/ qd½k , S v f pfwYkd t&if;½Siw f Ykd qdw k mawG uawmY vltpkta0;Bu;D twGuf owfrw S w f maygYav/ bmomw &m;qdw k muawmY vlwpfO;D csi;f pD wpfa,mufcsi;f pDtwGuf ydNk y;D jzpf [ef wlygw,f/ b ,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf vltpkta0;Bu;D xJrmS wpfO;D pD (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

4

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

wpfa,mufpD ygaeovdk wpfO;D pDwpfa,mufpD aygif;vdu k af wmY vnf; tpkta0;Bu;D jzpfomG ;wmygyJ/ wynfah wmftazu t½Sib f &k m;udk tvGeMf unfnykd gw,f/ bmjzpfvv Ykd -J vdYk ar;awmY t½Sib f &k m;ajymwJY ]bk&m;eJY wumBu;D Mum;u bke;f Bu;D eJrY b d awGukd z,fvu kd ?f bk&m;eJY wdu k ½f u kd af wGUvdu k }f vdYk qdw k YJ pum;wpfceG ;f aMumifv Y Ykd ajzygw,f/ oluawmY t½Sib f &k m; a&;xm;wJY pmawmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; av;av;eufeuf zwfavY ½Syd gw,f/ wynfah wmfuv kd nf; ay;zwfavY½ydS gw,f/ pm&JUtprSm ajymcJYovdkygyJ? odyf av;av;eufeuf rzwfjzpfayrJYvnf; t½Sif bk&m; bmvkyaf evJ? bmawG&nf½, G af ewmvJ-pojzifY &Hzef&cH g ÓPfro D avmuf pOf;pm;rdygw,f/ wynfah wmfpOf;pm;rdoavmuf ½d;k ½d;k om;om; ajymyg&ap/ t½Sib f &k m;vnf; acwfpm;aewJY Ak'b ¨ momudk rcsirYf &Jjzpfae[ef wlygw,f/ wynhaf wmfvnf; xdek nf;vnf;aumif;yg/ 'gayrJY t½Sif bk&m;u bk&m;qdv k siaf wmY 'grsKd ;rajymwefaumif;bl;? t½Sib f &k m; t,ltqeJv Y nf; udu k n f w D ?YJ acwfev YJ nf;avsmn f w D YJ t,ltq rsKd ;udk vdu k v f ½H mS azGawG;awmNy;D ]bk&m;u 'grsK;d udo k majymwm jzpf vdrrYf ,f}-pojzifaY ygYav/ t½Sib f &k m;a&;wJpY mawG zwfNy;D wynfh awmf awG;aerdwmyg/ tazYuakd wmif ajymjzpfao;w,f/ ]tazwdq Yk &mawmfu (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

5

Ak'b ¨ momudk usm;uefaeovdyk gvm;}-vd/Yk wynfah wmftjrif ajym &vsif t½Sib f &k m;u Ak'b ¨ &k m;udak wmY tcif;csurf ½Sd jynfph NHk y;D om;vm;/ jyefvnfjyKjyif ajymif;vJ p&m rvdak wmYNyv D m;/ ½d;k ½d;k om;om; awG;aerdygw,f/

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

6

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

t½Sifbk&m; ]bmomw&m;}qdw k m bmtwGuf jzpfay:vmwmvJ? bm twGuf jzpfwnfaewmvJ/ wpfcgwpf&aH wmY pOf;pm;rdaejyefa&m/ ,kwadå A'½Iaxmifu Y ae qk;H jzwfygovm;/ jiif;csurf ½Sd aMumif;usKd ;qufE, T rf aI wGeYJ qk;H jzwfygovm;/ 'grSr[kwf vltrsm;pktwGuf tusKd ;aus;Zl;½Sjd cif;qdw k meJY qk;H jzwf&rSmvm;/ ]bmomw&m;]-qdw k m Munfnzkd v Ykd m;? rScD zkd v Ykd m;/ wynfah wmf udp&ö yf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk pOf;pm;Munfzh ;l yg w,f/ trSm;trSefudk a,bk,soabmeJYyJ qkH;jzwfEdkifcJYygw,f/ a,bk,soabm r[kwfbJ wdwdusus owfrSwfEdkifatmif BudK;pm; wdik ;f >cif;csuq f w kd mawG awGUNy;D ? vufajrm§ uf&wmygyJ/ u M mawmY rSm;\çrSe\ f ? aumif;\çraumif;\? awmf\çrawmf\-qk;H jzwf&rSm r0HrY &J jzpfvma&m/ rSm;vnf;rrSm;? rSev f nf; rrSew f YJ taetxm;u rqk;H jzwfe?YJ rowfrw S ef q YJ w kd m odvm&w,f/ (rSm;aumif; rSm;aeyg vdrrYf ,f)/ qk;H jzwfvu kd w f meJY rSm;a&m? owfrw S v f u kd w f meJY rSm;a&m/ Oyrmajym&vsif q&mawmfa&;wJY ]awmpum; awmif pum;}-pmtkyf emrnfay;ykv H akd ygY/ wumawGu emrnf onfvakd y; wm raumif;bl; xifw,f/ q&mawmfu ]aumif;w,f}-vdYk olwYkd xifvmatmif pnf;½k;H Ny;D ajymw,f/ aemufq;Hk wumawG b0ifus oGm;w,f? auseyfomG ;w,f/ wu,fvrYkd sm; q&mawmfu onfvkd (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

7

emrnfay;wm raumif;bl;-vdx Yk ifw,fqNkd y;D olwYkd rjiif;Edik af vmuf wJY? b0ifusEdkifavmufwJY pum;vkH;awGokH;NyD; pnf;½kH;ajymqdkcJYvsif vnf; olwYkd auseyfMuOD;rSmygyJ/ 'gaMumifY wynfah wmfqv kd siaf wmY ]awmpum;awmifpum;}pmtkyf emrnfay;yku H kd awmf\çrawmf\? aumif;\çraumif;\- rqk;H jzwf rowfrw S &f yJ gbl;/ owfrw S v f u dk f wmeJY rSm;a&m/ udpö awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tJonfvkd jzpfjzpfaeyg w,f/ wynfah wmftjrifawmY ]bmomw&m;qdw k m Bunfnzkd Ykd xuf rScD zkd Ykd jzpfoifyY gw,f/ vltrsm;twGuf tusKd ;aus;Zl; trSef wu,frsm;zdYk vdyk gw,f}/ wpfurÇmvk;H rjzpfEikd v f siaf wmif jrefrmwpfjynfavmuf awmY tusdK;aus;Zl; rsm;apcsifygw,f/ wynfah wmfwEYkd ikd if rH mS vltrsm;pku(Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGu) tvsifb0ç aemufb0 ½Sdjcif;çr½Sdjcif;udk tawmf tav;teuf xm;Muygw,f/ tm;vk;H eD;yg;uvnf; ]½Sdw,f}-vdYk ,lqaeMuyg w,f/ 'gaMumifY t½Sib f &k m;taeeJY tJonfupd ö tvsif ½Si;f oifyY g w,f/ wynfhawmfOD;av;udk ]q&mawmfu tvsifb0? aemuf b0 ½Sçd r½Sd b,fvakd jymvJ}- wynfah wmf ar;zl;ygw,f/ q&mawmYf pmtkyaf wGxrJ mS a&;xm;ovdyk gyJ/ OD;av;ajzwmuawmY ]b&k m;u (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

8

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

aemifb0½Sw d ,fvv Ykd nf; r,lb;l ? r½Sb d ;l vdv Yk nf; r,lb l ;l }-aygYav/ bk&m; tJonfvakd jymcJw Y mu ajymcJw Y maygYav/ 'gayrJY q&mawmftaeeJY bk&m;ajymcJw Y mawGeyYJ J csw D ufawmYrmS vm;? vkH avmufNyv D m-aygY/ wynfah wmftjrifawmY tckacwf Ak'b ¨ mom0if awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tJonfavmufeYJ r&bl;/ bk&m;ajymcJw Y ,fqdw k mawGu enf;aevdYk r[kwb f ;l / temwjcm; aq;wjcm; jzpfae rvm;yJ/ wynfah wmfO;d av;wdYk tazwdu Yk awmY tJonfavmufeYJ vkaH vmufaumif; vkaH vmufygvdrrYf ,f/ 'gaMumifY ]b&k m;rajymcJY ayrJv Y nf; t½Sib f &k m;odxm;wJY aemifb0? tvsib f 0 ½Sw d ,fç r½Sdbl;}-udk us,u f s,jf yefjY yefY aqG;aEG;apcsiw f ,f/ onfae&mrSm wynfah wmftjrif ajym&vsiaf wmY ]aemif b0vnf; r½Sdbl;? tvsib f 0vnf; r½Syd gbl;}/ taMumif;tusKd ; oDt&kd u D kd vufcaH yrJY ]onfb0qdw k YJ tusKd ;&JU aocsmayguf½&dS rJY taMumif;u tvsib f 0qdw k m vufrcHwmyg}/ wynfah wmfu awmY wynfah wmf&UJ onfb0taMumif;cHu wynfah wmf&UJ taz taruvGNJ y;D wjcm;[m awG;vdrYk &ygbl;/ pum;pyfvYkd wynfah wmf avmavmq,fvufcHxm;wJY taMumif;tusdK;oDtdk&D enf;enf; ½Sif;jycGifYay;yg/ Oyrm-vlwpfa,mufukd wpfa,mufu owfw,f/towf cH &w J v lao o G Y m;w , f /v l b mv d Yao v J? t o w f k cH &v d Yao w , f k /

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

9

owfwmu taMumif;? aowmu tusK;d ? taMumif;tusKd ; nDnw G f wmyJ/ onftxd b,fowfrw S cf suu f rS 0ifNy;D rpd;k rd;k Edik b f ;l / tJ-jyóemu vlowform;udk zrf;r,f? w&m;pGJr,f? axmifcsr,f/ wcsKd UuawmY tzrf;rcH&bl;? w&m;pGrJ cH&bl;? axmif rusb;l / onfae&mrSm wcsKd Uu ajymOD;r,f/ ]tzrf;rcH axmifrus ayrJY olpY w d x f rJ mS us;D vefpY mpm;? ]igYukd b,ftcsed rf sm; zrf;rvJ? wjcm;vlawG odomG ;rvm;}-ponfaygYav pd;k &dryf yl efNy;D touf quf½Sifae&wmvnf; owfjcif;taMumif;aMumifY tusdK;jzpfay: vmwmyJ-vdYk wynfah wmf rjiif;ygbl;/ 'gayrJY olwyg;toufowf ayrJY axmifvnf;rus? pdwv f nf;rqif;&J&bJ aeaewJv Y al wGvnf; wykBH u;D yg/ ppfom;awGMunfyh gvm;? wcsKd Uqdk qkwq H yd af wG bmawG awmif &vdu k af o;/qkwq H yd &f wmvnf; owfjcif;taMumif;aMumifY tusKd ;&wmyJ/ tJonfawmY wynfah wmfwYkd Ak'b ¨ momawGpw d x f rJ mS owfrw S x f m;wJY tusKd ;eJu Y rudu k af wmYb;l / olwu Ykd owfwmu raumif;uH? 'gaMumifY axmifuscsiu f s? rusvsiv f nf; pdwq f if;&J &r,f/ axmifrus pdwrf qif;&Jb;l qdv k si-f -aeOD;? aemifb0usvsif vmygvdrfYr,f? taMumif;tusdK;eJYuif;NyD; b,f[mrS rjzpfygbl;? tcdik t f rm ajymawmYwmyJ/ wynfah wmftjrifawmY awmfawmf rw&m;wmyJ/ olwYkd vufcx H m;wJ?Y qk;H jzwfoabmwlxm;wJY tusKd ;w&m;eJY rnDrcsi;f vuf½jdS zpfay:aewJY tusKd ;w&m;awGukd vspv f sL½INy;D twif;ajym awmYwmyJ/ olwv Ykd ufcx H m;wJY jzpfapcsiw f t YJ wdik ;f onfb0rSm rjzpfvsif aemifb0txd qGaJ c:oGm;wmyJ/ (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

10

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

'gaMumifY wynfah wmfajymwmyg/ vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m t½Sib f &k m;wdYk ajymajymaewJY b,fow k eå ?f nmokweå af wG rodyg bl;/ ukov kd çf tukov kd ?f taMumif;çtusKd ;? tvsib f 0çaemufb0'gavmufav;awGeyYJ J vk;H Ny;D ½Iyaf eMuwmyg/ wynfah wmfawmYav 'gav;awG½iS ;f Edik v f siyf J awmfawmf[efavmufNyD xifwmyJ/ wynfh awmf uav;awG;-awG;aewmvnf; jzpfaumif; jzpfrmS yg/ t½Sifbk&m; ,aeY rsuaf rSmufacwf Ak'b ¨ momBu;D u rSm;aumif; rSm;aeyg vdrrYf ,f/ t½Sib f &k m;&JU tm;xkwrf aI wGuvnf; rSeaf umif; rSeaf e rSmyg/ 'gayrJY wynfah wmfwYkd Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG&UJ vwfwavm jyóemu t,l0g'rSm;jcif;çrSejf cif; r[kwo f vdyk ?J ,aeY wynfh awmfwYkd vufcx H m;wmawG rSm;aeOD;awmY vltrsm;pku tJonf trSm;ay:rSm tav;teuf r½Syd gbl;/ 0g'trSm;twdik ;f a&m vlawG vdkufemusifYokH;aeMuygovm;/ OyrmÞ-0g'trSm;xJrSm i&JjynfBuD;qdkwm BuD;ygw,f/ 'gayrJY tJonf i&Jjynfqw kd mBu;D udk wu,f raMumufMu ygbl;/ onfae&mrSm wpfck ajymvdkY&ygao;w,f/ ]olwdkYvufcHxm;wm rSm;aevdyYk g/ rSerf mS ;rSeaf evsif bmomw&m;tay:rSm tav;teuf xm;vmrSmyg}-vd/Yk wynfah wmfawmY rxifb;l / bmjzpfvv Ykd q J akd wmY ,aeYacwfvlawG(Ak'¨bmom0if) bmomw&m;udk tokH;csykHu trSm;trSeaf y: odyrf wnfvyYkd gyJ/

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

11

wynfah wmfu Ak'b ¨ mom0ifvYkd qdak eMuwJY vltrsm;pkukd OD;wnf ajymaewmyg/ wynfah wmf OD;av;wd?Yk tazwdu Yk awmY vl enf;pkyg/ olwt Ykd wGuu f awmY trSeu f ta&;Bu;D rSmyg/ 'gayrJY wynfah wmfajymcJo Y vdk ]bmomw&m;qdw k m olt Y ay: avYvmqef; ppfwJY vlawGtwGufyJvm;? vltrsm;pkudk tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;jcif; qdw k m&,f? MunfndkzdkYxuf vltrsm;pkrSDcdkzkdY ydkNyD;jzpfoifYw,f}-vdkY wynfah wmf ,lqvdyYk g/ ,aeYacwf Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG bmomw&m;tok;H csyu Hk kd w ynfah wmf ÓPfro D avmuf wifjyyg&ap/ taMumif;t&m wpfck aMumifY 0rf;enf;ylaqG;aewJY vlwpfa,muf½rdS ,f/ cHpm;ae&wmudk b,fvkd oufom&moufomaMumif; vky&f rSe;f vnf;rod a,mif csmcsmjzpfaewke;f rdwaf qGwpfa,mufu ]oli,fcsi;f w&m;eJo Y m ajzyg? Ak'b ¨ &k m;u bmawGajymcJw Y myJ? onfupd aö wGu bmaygY nmaygY--pojzifY tJonfvkd tok;H csaeMuwmyg/ ]bmomw&m; qdw k mBu;D r½Sv d sif olcY rsm bmeJaY jz&rSe;f rodb;l }/ ckawmY awmfao; wmaygY/ bmomw&m;-qdw k mBu;D ½Sad evdYk ajzp&mtrnfwyfvYkd & oGm;w,f/ 'gYxufrydb k ;l ? wcsKd UwcsKd U ajymwmyg/ oabFmarSmufNy?D "m;jywdu k cf &H Ny?D y|mef;½gwf? bmawG½w G /f wwfoavmuf rSwfoavmuf ½GwfMuNyD/ wu,fYtEÅ&m,fu vGww f mrvGww f m tyxm;? ½Gwpf &mav;½Sad evdYk awmfao;wm aygY/ vGwaf vmufwYJ tajctae taetxm;vnf;½S?d y|mef;½Gwf (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

12

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

wmeJv Y nf; wdu k q f ikd Nf y?D tEÅ&m,fu vGwv f mNyq D v kd sif ]usKyu f , kd f awGUaygY? b,fwek ;f uaygY? tEÅ&m,feYJ BuKaH wGUcJw Y maygY? y|mef;½Gwf vku d w f meJY usKyaf wmYvw G v f mwmyJ? t&rf;udk pGr;f wmyJaygY}-pojzifY jzefaY 0Ny/D awGU&mBuK&H mvlwikd ;f udk ajymNy/D pmwwefaywwef ud, k f awGUrSww f rf;awG a&;Ny/D onfvykd J tok;H csaeMuwmyJ/ tEÅ&m,f BuKaH wGUcsed rf mS ol-y|mef;½Gwaf ewm wynfah wmfrjiif;ygbl;/ 'gayrJY olvw G v f mwm y|mef;½Gwv f v Ykd m;? wdu k q f ikd w f mvm;/ 'gawmY tif rwefpOf;pm;zdYk aumif;ygw,f/ y|mef;½Gwf&if; vGwfvmwJYvlawGtaMumif;yJ wynfhawmf wdYk odciG &Yf aew,f/ y|mef;½Gw&f if; aooGm;wJv Y al wGa&m r½Sb d ;l vm;/ olw½Ykd adS Mumif; oufaojyzdu Yk vnf; rjzpfEikd jf yefb;l / onf vdek yYJ J wynfah wmfwYkd Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG csw D ufaeMuwmyJ/ ][dkem;rSm bkef;BuD;awGeJYukvm;awG &efjzpfaeMuw,fwJY/ a[Y-wdAYk 'k b ¨ momudk rxde/YJ bmyJ nmyJ/ Ak'b ¨ mom0iftrnfcaH wG 0ifvmygNyD/ ½dkufuGmESufuGm? &efawGjzpfukefNyD/ t"du½kPf;awG jzpfuek Nf y/D aeMuygOD;? rif;u bmvJ/ ][m-uReaf wmfu Ak'b ¨ mom? Ak'b ¨ &k m;u &efrjzpfzYkd ajymxm;w,fav/} 'gawG uReaf wmfrodb;l ? Ak ' ¨ b mom0if a wG u d k a wmY rxd e J Y ? xd v sif rD ; yG i f Y o G m ;r,f } pojzifaY ygYav/ ]bmomw&m;qdw k m wpfcgwpfcg &efjzpfzYkd ouf ouf tok;H csaeMuwm}ygyJ/

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

13

ajym&vsif onfaeY wynfah wmfwYkd Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG bm omw&m;udk ykHoP²meftrsdK;rsdK;eJY udk;uG,f(tokH;cs)aeMuw,f/ tay:,Houfoufyg/ trSm;trSet f xd ra&mufygbl;/ vltrsm;pk u trSm;trSef *½krpdkufygbl;/ 'gaMumifY ]bmomw&m;qdkwm vltrsm;pkukd trSew f u,f tusKd ;rsm;apcsiv f sif bmvky&f rvJ}aygY/ (wynfah wmf t½Sib f &k m;udk ar;csiw f aYJ r;cGe;f u tJ'gygyJ

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

14

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

15

bmomw&m;tppftrSefqdkwm 'kw, d pm&JU wpfcw k nf;jzpfwYJ ar;cGe;f u ]bmomw&m;qdk wm vltrsm;pkukd trSew f u,f tusKd ;rsm;apcsiv f sif bmvky&f rvJ}-vdYk jzpfygw,f/ onfar;cGef;wnfaqmufzdkYtwGuf aqG;aEG;wifjycsufu awmY q,fcsuaf vmuf½w dS ,f/ tJ'guawmY (1) bmomw&m; qdw k mu vlwpfO;D csi;f pD wpfa,muf csi;f pDtwGuf ykNd y;D jzpf[ef½w dS ,f/ (2) t½Sib f &k m;u ]bk&m;qdv k sif 'grsKd ;rajymwefaumif; bl;}? ud, k t Yf ,ltqeJv Y nf; udu k n f w D ?YJ acwfev YJ nf; avsmn f w D YJ t,ltqrsKd ;udk vdu k v f ½H mS azGawG;awmNy;D ]bk&m;u 'grsKd ;udo k majymwm jzpfvrd rYf ,f}/ (3) wynfah wmfuawmY Ak'b ¨ &k m;udv k nf; oHo, ½Sad e w,f/ vGecf w YJ EYJ pS f 2500ausmu f vlwpfa,mufwnf axmifcw YJ YJ 0g'awGxrJ mS ,ckacwfeYJ ,kwrdå wefwu YJ pd ö awG ygaumif;ygaervm;-vdyYk /J (4) t½Sib f &k m;vufcx H m;wJY w&m;awGeYJ ta[mif;vuf cHxm;wJv Y al wGMum;xJrmS MoZmBu;D rm;wJY bmomw&m; wpfck wnfaxmifzdYk vG,yf gYrvm;/ (5) ESp2f 500ausmu f 0g'wpfc[ k m jynfph NHk yv D m;? jyefvnf jyKjyifzdkY rvdkawmYbl;vm;/

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

16

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

(6) bmomw&m;qdw k m Munfnzkd v Ykd m;? rScD zkd v Ykd m;/ rScD zkd Ykd aus;Zl;rsm;zdkYjzpfoifYygw,f/ (7) q&mawmftaeeJY aemifb0½Srd ½Sd r,lb;l vdYk bk&m; ajymcJw Y meJyY J csw D ufawmYrmS vm;/ 'gqdv k sif temw jcm; aq;wjcm; jzpfrvm;yJ/ aemifb0½Sçd r½Sd onf xufcsUJ aqG;aEG;jyoifyY gw,f/ (8) wynfah wmfwYkd Ak'b ¨ momawG bmomw&m;tay: tok;H csyu Hk trSm;trSeaf y: odyrf wnfygbl;/ (9) bmomw&m;[m olt Y ay: avYvmqef;ppfoal wG t wGuyf v J m;/ (10) tEÅ&m,fBuKw H t YJ cg w&m;qifjcifNy;D ? w&m;pm½GwNf y;D vGwv f mw,fqv kd sif tJ'g w&m;aMumifv Y m;/ (11) Ak'b ¨ momtwGuf &efjzpfEikd w f YJ Ak'b ¨ mom0iftjzpf [m ud;k uG,rf rI mS av;eufygYrvm;/ 'gawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'kw, d pm&JU vd&k if;ar;cGe;f udk pNy;D tajza&;ygr,f/ ]bmomw&m;[m vltrsm;pkukd trSew f u,f aus;Zl;rsm; apcsifvsif bmvkyf&rvJ}-qdkvsif ]bmomw&m; tppftrSefudk udk,fwdkifodatmif avYvm}-Ny;D ? ]avYvmodjrifxm;wJY bmomw&m; udk vltrsm;pkxt H a&muf ydaYk y;wJv Y yk if ef;yJ vky&f rSm}-ygyJ/ tJonfvdkvkyfEdkifvsif vltrsm;pkrSm trSefwu,f aus;Zl;rsm;MurSmygyJ/ (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

17

]bmomw&m;]-qdw k YJ pum;vk;H ud, k w f ikd u f teuft"dygÜ ,f tm;jzifY ]aqmifp&mtvif;}-vdYk jzpfygw,f/ ]bmom}-qdw k pYJ um;u ]tvif;}-vdYk jzpfNy;D ]w&m;}-qdw k pYJ um;u ]taqmif}-vdYk jzpfygw,f/ ESpv f ;Hk aygif;awmY ]aqmifp&mtvif;}-vdYk jzpfygw,f/ 'gu ]bmom w&m;}-qdw k YJ emrnfu ajymwJY t"dygÜ ,fyg/ emrnfom½SNd y;D tJonf emrnf&UJ t"dygÜ ,fr½Sw d YJ bmomw&m;awGvnf; ½SEd ikd w f maygY/ ud, k q f nf;uyfwYJ b momw&m;rSm bmomw&m;&JU t"d yÜg,fjzpfwYJ ]aqmifp&mtvif;} wu,f½edS rYJ ½Sd odzaYkd wmY vdw k maygY/ 'g-odzYkd bmomw&m;qnf;uyfo[ l m aqmifp&mtvif; wu,f ½Sçd r½So d ad tmif tJonfbmomw&m;udk ud, k w f ikd af vYvmzdYk vdw k m aygY/ avYvmvsiaf wmY ½Sçd r½Sd odEidk w f maygY/ 'gayrJY tJonf odwmvnf; vGo J w d mawmY jzpfEikd af o; w,f/ tJ'gvnf; owdxm;&rSmaygY/ vGo J w d muav;awGuvnf; rsm;w,f/ opfyifrmS tESpq f w kd m ½Sw d ,f/ tESprf odo[ l m tESpf ½SmwJt Y cg tJonfopfyif&J pdr;f vef;a0qmaewJY tcufçt½Guaf wG udak wGUNy;D 'gtESpyf v J Ykd xifr,fqv kd sif xifv&Ykd Edik w f ,f/ onfopf yif&UJ tcuftvufawG[m wvufvufawmufyx
18

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

wwfw,f/ 'gawGuvnf; vlaY vmurSm tvGev f if;vufawmufy tok;H uswmawG r[kwv f m;/ onfawmY 'gawG[m bmomw&m;&JU aqmifp&mtvif;jzpfwYJ tESpo f m&yJvYkd xifoal wG xifMuwmaygY/ 'g[m aqmifp&mtvif; r[kwb f ;l / aemufwpfrsKd ;tm;jzifv Y nf; opfyif&UJ tESpo f m&½Smol[m tJonfopfyifrmS wufaewJY tcGt H ayG;awGqw kd m ½Sw d ,f/ 'gawG [m onfopfyif&UJ tESpq f w kd m jzpfrmS yJ-vdYk vkyw f maygY/ bmomw &m; qnf;uyfolrSmvnf; tusifYoDvqdkwmawGudk awGUrSmaygY/ 'gawG[m vlUavmurSm vkNH cKrH t I ESpo f m&awGy?J 'g[m bmomw &m;&JU aqmifp&mtvif;-yJvdkY xifrSwfNyD;? udk,fYrSmusa&mufwJY oDvjzpfwYJ 0de,oDv? OaygoxoDv? omraP& 'ooDvawG udk bmomw&m;&JU aqmifp&mtvif;tjzpf xifrw S rf mS ;wmaygY/ aemufvnf; bmomw&m;xJrmS bmomw&m;&JU aqmif p&mtvif;tjzpf xifrw S rf mS ;p&mawG ½Syd gao;w,f/ opfyifrmS opfyif&UJ tESpt f jzpf tacgufawG tom;awGukd rSw, f rl mS ;Muovdk bmomw&m;xJrmS vnf; bmomw&m;&JU aqmifp&mtvif;tjzpf ½lyg½lypsmefw&m;awGe?YJ ½lyg½lypsmefawGaMumifYNy;D pD;oGm;wJY umrtm½kH awGu ausmfvGefodjrifEdkifwmawGudk txifxm;NyD; rSm;,Gif;Muwm aygY/ wu,fawmY opfyif&UJ tESpq f w kd m opfyif&UJ tom;twGi;f xJrSm wnf½w dS myJ/ bmomw&m;&JU aqmifp&mtvif;[mvnf; (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

19

vmbfç*kPçf tausmftapmvnf; r[kw?f oDvvnf;r[kw?f psmef vnf;r[kwf? wefcdk;£'¨dvnf;r[kwfbJ ]t&d,opömtjrif} jzpfyg w,f/ ]t&d,opöm}-[m bmomw&m;&JU aqmifp&mtvif; jzpf ygw,f/ ud, k q f nf;uyfwYJ bmomw&m;rSm tJonf t&d,opöm jzpfwYJ aqmifp&m tvif; ½Sed rYJ ½Sd odzaYkd wmY? avYvmzdYk vdw k maygY/ t&d,opöm-[m b,faY MumifY vlawG&UJ aqmifp&mtvif; jzpf&ovJ/ 'g-enf;enf; ½Si;f cJOY ;D rSy/J vl[m bmomw&m;udk b,faY Mumifq Y nf;uyfovJ/ rd½;kd z vm qnf;uyfwmawmY onfrmS xnfrh ajymawmYb;l / ud, k pYf w d ef YJ qnf;uyfoyl J ajym&r,f/ olwYkd bmYaMumifq Y nf;uyfwmvJ/ vl[m rvkdvm;tyfwJY jzpf&yfawGtzkHzkH&JU jzpfaewmudk rausmv f mT ;Edik Mf ubl;/ tJ'gawG&UJ tjzpfvnf; rcHvMkd ubl;/ tJ'g awGu vGwaf jrmufcsiMf uw,f/ tJ'gawGuv kd nf; bmYaMumifjY zpf aew,fvYkd rodMubl;/ taMumif;-vdYk xifwmawGukd rSe;f Ny;D ½Si;f Munfah eMuw,f/ ½Si;f rS yd½k yI w f mvnf;wmvnf; cH&w,f/ ½Si;f csif w,f? ½Si;f w,f/ t½Si;f rSm;Ny;D yd½k yI w f ,f/ 'g-vlawG eyef;vk;H ae&wJY tjzpfy/J

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

20

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

onfval wG&UJ avmuxJrmS bmomw&m;&JU acgif;aqmif awG ay:vmw,f/ tJonfou l vnf; vlt Y ½Iyu f kd oleY nf;eJY ½Si;f Edik f w,fxifNy;D ? acgif;aqmifwmaygY/ oleY nf;[m vmbfç*kPçf tausmf tapm &½kaH vmufvm;? oDvvk½H aHk vmufvm;? psmef &½kaH vmufvm;? wefc;kd £'¨d &½kaH vmufvm;/ onfvakd wmY jzpfcsijf zpfr,f/ 'gawG &½kHavmufeJY ]vlYvGwfajrmufrI}awmY rjynfhapEdkifbl;/ 'gayrJY 'gawG&vsiv f nf; tweft&HawmY jynfah povdv k nf; jzpfw,f/ onfawmY olvnf; acgif;aqmifvyk w f maygY/ omrefval wG [m acgif;aqmifavmuf rawmfwmqdak wmY? acgif;aqmifajymwm ud, k NHk y;D acgif;aqmifajymwJY bmomw&m;udk OD;xdy½f u G Nf y;D yefqif awmYwmaygY/ 'g-bmomw&m; qnf;uyf&jcif;taMumif; jzpfawmY wmaygY/ wu,f bmomw&m;qnf;uyfolu bmomw&m;udk acgif;aqmifNy;D a[majymjyoolukd ,kNH y;D qnf;uyfoel ?YJ bmomw &m;&JU oifMum;csuaf wG[m ud, k rf odao;wmawGjzpfNy;D qnf;uyf wm? ud, k rYf mS vmbftp½Sw d m uav;&½Sd tusKd ;aus;Zl;rsm;wmeJY qnf;uyfwmvnf; jzpfzdkYraumif;ygbl;/ udk,fYvdktifqE´jzpfwJY rvdv k m;tyfjzpf&yfawGu vGwv f yfwt YJ xd a&mufeYJ ra&mufukd pl;prf;oifMY uygw,f/ vGwaf jrmufrt I wGuf xGuaf ygufvyk rf ay; vsif rqnf;uyfe/YJ vGwaf jrmufzt Ydk wGuf xGuaf ygufvyk af y;vsif qnf;uyf/ onfvjkd zpfMuzdYk aumif;ygw,f/

(acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

21

Ak'¨bk&m;uajymwJY bmomw&m;[m ]vklUxGufaygufudk vGwaf jrmufwt YJ xd ay;ygw,f}/ olb Y momw&m;[m olq Y nf;uyf oludk vlrodEdkif&mqDudk ta&mufac:oGm;wmrsdK; enf;enf;rS rvkyf ygbl;/ olq Y nf;uyforl mS jzpfymG ;wJY rvdv k m;p&mvnf; rjzpfymG ;ap& bl;vdv Yk nf; vk;H vk;H rvkyyf gbl;/ olb Y momw&m;[m ]t&d,opöm}vdYk ajymygw,f/ tJonf Ak'b ¨ &k m;&JU bmomw&m;jzpfwYJ t&d,opöm[m tjypfwifp&mr½Sw d YJ bmomw&m;? ud, k w f ikd o f jd rifEikd w f YJ bmom w&m;? tcsed &f UJ twdu k pf m;rcH&wJY bmomw&m;? vlrsm;udv k nf; jyvd&Yk wJb Y momw&m;? usiv Yf &Ykd wJY bmomw&m;? vufawGUtusKd ; od&wJY bmomw&m; jzpfygw,f/ onft&d,opömS rSm tcsuaf v;csuf ½Syd gw,f/ yXrtcsuf u ]vlawG rvdv k m;wJY jzpf&yf} jzpfygw,f/ 'kw, d wpfcsuu f ]tJ onfjzpf&yf&UJ taMumif;}-yg/ wwd,wpfcsuu f ]vlawGrvdv k m;wJY jzpf&yfu vGw&f m} jzpfygw,f/ pwkwt ¬ csuu f awmY ]vGwaf jrmufzYkd vrf;p ½Spcf su}f -ygyJ/ vGwaf jrmuf&UJ taMumif; vrf;p½Spcf suyf /J onft&d,opömav;csu[ f m Ak'b ¨ &k m;&JU bmomw&m;yJ/ Ak'b ¨ &k m;&JU bmomw&m; qnf;uyfol Ak'b ¨ mom0if-vdYk qdNk y;D onft&d,opömav;csut f xd todra&mufvsif tJonfol udk Ak'b ¨ mom[m olb Y momr[kwb f J rd½;kd zvmbmomyJ jzpfw,f ajym&rSmyg/ (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

22

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

onftxJrSm vmbfç*kPfçtausmftapm&atmif? oDvvkH atmif? psmef&atmif? wefc;kd ½Sad tmif usiBYf uaH ew,fqv kd sif tJonf olvnf; Ak'b ¨ mom r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayrJY tJonfoal wG bk&m; qif;wk apwDawGrSm ½Sdcdk;rI ylaZmfrIawG trsdK;rsdK;vkyfaerSmyJ/ bkef;BuD;awGrSmvnf; onfvdkyJ vkyfaeavmufygw,f/ Ak'b ¨ mom[kww f meJY r[kww f mudk onfvakd wG vkyw f mç rvkyw f mawGeYJ wdik ;f xGmvdYk r&ygbl;/ touf½iS af eao;wJb Y &k m;udk wjyKppk k w,k,,vkyaf ewJY 0uúvt d rnf½w dS YJ &[ef;udk w&m;rod ] vsif igYurkd odb;l }-vdYk bk&m;uaigufief;vdYk tJonf&[ef; pdwn f pf NyD; aoaMumif;BuHcJYzl;wm ½Sdw,f/ 'gudk Munfhvsif onfvdkawG vkyw f mrvkyw f meJY Ak'b ¨ mom0if [kww f mçr[kww f m udk rwdik ;f xGm &rSm xif½mS ;w,f/ bmomw&m; 0efxrf;awG[m olwv Ykd nf; bmomw&m; qnf;uyfwm[m ]bmomw&m;twGuf r[kwb f ?J ud, k v Yf w G f ajrmufrt I wGu}f jzpfwmudk odyrHk ½Sb d ;l / olwu Ykd bmomw&m; 0efxrf;wJt Y aeeJY bmomw&m; qnf;uyfrnfo h al wGukd a[majymwJt Y cgvnf; ]bmomw&m;xJrmS ,pfr;l aeatmif}yJ a[majymMuw,f/ olwv Ykd nf; bmomw&m;u vGwaf jrmuf&m o,fy;kd oGm;wmrcH&bJ bmomw&m;xJrmS 0Jvn S hf ,pfr;l aeovdk bmom0ifawGuv kd nf; ,pfr;l atmifyJ a[majymwm aygY/ (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

23

avmurSm b,ftwwfynmrqd[ k m twwfynmxJ,pfr;l zdYk twwfynmudk qnf;yl;&wm r[kwfygbl;/ twwfynmqdkwm ud, k b Yf 0 jrifrY m;&mjrifrY m;aMumif;twGuf twwfynmudk ajceif;ckH jyKNy;D wufvrS ;f oGm;zdYk qnf;yl;&wmcsn;f jzpfygw,f/ Ak'b ¨ momw&m;jzpfwYJ t&d,opömw&m;vnf; onft wdik ;f ygyJ/ t&d,opömtwGuf t&d,opömudk qnf;yl;&wm r[kwf ygbl;/ ]vw G af jrmufzt Ykd wGuf t&d,opömw&m;udk qnf;yl;&wm} jzpfygw,f/ ud, k v Yf w G af jrmufru I t&dyt f a&mifawmif rjrif&bJ t&d,opömw&m;udk tdrk if;½krH u aovIaewJt Y xd qnf;yl;ae& w,fqv kd sif 'g bmomw&m;xJ ,pfr;l 0Jvn S ahf ewmy/J bmomw&m;0efxrf;[m ud, k w f ikd u f vnf; bmomw&m; rSm r,pfr;l bJ qnf;uyfou l v kd nf; ,pfr;l atmifrvkyb f Ykd vdyk g w,f/ onfvrkd vkyrf b d Ykd ud, k v Yf w G af jrmufryI ef;wdik u f kd rarYraysmuf bJ yef;wdkifudk a&mufeJYra&muf pl;prf;oifYygw,f/ udk,fwdkifu yef;wdik rf a&mufbeJ YJ olrsm;udk vrf;nTerf vkyb f Ykd vdt k yfygw,f/ Ak'b ¨ momw&m;[m vlv Y w G af jrmufru I ykd J nTejf ywJb Y mom jzpfygw,f/ vGwaf jrmufrrI &vsif Ak'b ¨ momqDu bmrSr&bl;-vdyYk J ajym&ygr,f/ vmbf &ovdv k /kd *kPf &ovdv k /kd tausmt f apm &ovdv k /kd oDv &ovdv k /kd psmef &ovdv k /kd wefc;kd £'¨d &ovdv k /kd 'gawG &csi&f r,f? 'gawG&vnf; 'gawG[m Ak'b ¨ momqDu&wm r[kwb f ;l / olt Y aMumif;tm;avsmpf mG &wmyJ jzpfw,f/ (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

24

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

Ak'b ¨ momw&m;u 'gawGurkd ay;bl;/ 'gaMumifY 'gawG& wm[m Ak'b ¨ mom0ifjzpfwm r[kwb f ;l / Ak'b ¨ mom w&m;"r®0ef xrf;[m Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGukd 'gawGeYJ ESpo f rd rYf ay;oifb Y ;l / ESpo f rd Yf ay;aewm[m Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGukd Ak'b ¨ mom w&m;"r®rmS ,pfr;l aeatmif rIdif;wdkufaewmyJ/ bmomw&m;0efxrf;wdkif;vdkvdkyJ onfvakd wGvyk w f wfMuw,f/ tJ'g "r®0efxrf;wm r[kwb f ;l / "r® udka&m? avmuudka&m zsufqD;wmyJ/ Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG[m tJonfvkd tzsuq f ;D rcH&bdYk vdyk gw,f/ 'gaMumifY ud, k u Yf , kd u f kd qef;ppf&ygr,f/ ]igYrmS bmomw&m; qnf; uyfzYkd vdt k yfwt YJ aMumif;awG bmawGjzpfaeovJ}-vdaYk ygY/ ausmif; q&m? aq;q&m qnf;uyfwmvdak ygY/ ynmoifcsiv f si?f aq;ukcH csiv f sif qnf;uyfzyYkd /J ud, k u Yf , kd u f kd ynmrJaY evdYk cRw, f iG ;f wm? ruse;f rmaewm onfvjkd zpfvsif 'gvGeaf jrmufzYkd csO;f uyf&rSmaygY/ bmomw&m;u ay;rnfh vGwaf jrmufru I cRw, f iG ;f ae w,f-vdYk ud, k u Yf , kd u f jkd rifvsif bmomw&m;xH qnf;uyf&rSmyJ/ bmomw&m;qnf;uyfo[ l m ]tazmfaumif;vdYk ausmufajrmif;yg w,f}-qdw k mrsKd ; rjzpfbYkd tvGeyf J vdt k yfvyS gw,f/ Ak'b ¨ mom0if[m ud, k rYf mS jzpfaewJY jyKjyifp&mudk ud, k w f ikd f odov l nf; jzpf&ygr,f/ ud, k rYf mS jzpfaewJY jyKjyifp&mrsKd ; jyKjyifay;Edik f wJq Y &mudk a½G;cs,q f nf;uyfwmrsKd ; vky&f ygr,f/ q&m&JU jyKjyifzYkd (acwfvli,fwdkY\ Ak'¨bmomESifY pyfvsOf;í rajyrvnf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajzqdkay;ygonf)

bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

25

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26

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28

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30

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32

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34

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36

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38

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40

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42

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44

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46

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47

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48

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50

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52

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54

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bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

55

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56

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bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

57

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58

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60

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62

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64

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66

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68

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69

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70

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bmomw&m;qdw k m bmvJ¿

71

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72

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