Dpns လတ္တေလာ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ႏွင့္ အေထြေထြ ႏိုင္ငံေရးသေဘာတရား

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taxGaxGEikd if aH &;oabmxm;ESihf vwfwavmvkyif ef;pOf ed'ge;f vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwDonf 1350-jynfEh Spf 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;twGi;f oaE<wnfarG;zGm;cJah om Edik if aH &;ygww D &yfjzpfayonf? T}uD;jrwfI *k%af jymifaom ta&;awmfy}kH uD;yifv#if e,fcsJ@qef@usiaf &;/ trsKd ;om;vGwf ajrmufa&;ESifh 'Dru dk a&pDa&;wdk@twGuf tpOfwpku d f wku d yf 0JG ifcaJh om jrefrmjynfvrl sKd ;pkjH ynfow l dk@. awmfveS af &;}uD;ESifh oD; jcm;uif;vGwI f ay:aygucf jJh cif;um;r[kw?f xdk@twl vGwv f yf+yD;aemufyidk ;f tm%m&tpd;k &tqufqufu 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ +idr;f csr;f a&;ESifh trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;ckid rf ma&; jy\emwdk@udk ajyvnfatmifrajz&Si;f Edik cf aJh oma=umifjh zpfay:cJ&h onfh Oya'wGi;f vlxw k u dk yf t JG oD;oD;. tqufvnf;jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh 1962 ckEk pS Yf jrefrmjynf&Sd 'Dru dk a&pDtcGit hf a&; tenf;tyg;udyk if &du k cf sKd ;zsuq f ;D +yD; ppftm%m&Sipf epf udk tckid t fd rmukid pf cJG aJh om tm%modr;f ppftyk pf t k m; qef@usiyf keu f efc=Jh uonfh Zlvdik f (7) &uf/ (1967)/ (1969)/ (1974)/ (1975)/ (1976)/ (1987)paom Oya'wGi;f ausmif;om;xk/ tvkyo f rm;xkEiS fh vlxw k dk@. wdu k yf t JG oD;oD;ESiv fh nf; wquf wnf;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifyh ifjrefrmjynfawmfveS af &;. tqifq h ifjh zpfay:wd;k wufrt _ & vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygwD onf jrefrmjynfvrl sKd ;pkjH ynfow l dk@ qifEc$J Jhaom/ qifEv $J #u&f aSd om awmfveS af &;}uD;. wm0efrsm;udk qufcH xrf;&Gu&f ef pkpnf;cJo h nfh rsKd ;qufopf Edik if aH &;tiftm;pk w&yfjzpfayonf? taxGaxGEikd if aH &;OD;wnfcsuf vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwDonf jrefrmjynfvl@tzJG@tpnf;. jzpfay:wd;k wufr_ yuwdtajctaet&yf&yfudk rSeu f efaom orkid ;f a&;tjrifjzifh ok;H oyfv#uf vlrsKd ;pkjH ynfov l x l kw&yfv;kH ,ae@&ifqikd af e&aom rw&m;zdEySd frt _ aygi;f rS vGwaf jrmufI 'Dru dk a&pDxeG ;f um;aom/ trsKd ;om;zdEySd rf _rsm;rS uif;pifaom/ +idr;f csr;f aom vl@tzJG@tpnf;w&yf jzpfay:vm ap&ef vwfwavmtm;jzifh atmufygEidk if aH &;OD;wnfcsurf sm;udk rjzpfrae taumiftxnfazmf&rnf[k tcdik t f rm,k=H unf onf? (u) ppftm%m&Sipf epf tuket f pifzsuo f rd ;f a&; (c) 'Dru dk a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGit fh a&;udk tjynft h 0tmrcHEikd af &; (*) +idr;f csr;f a&; (C) trsKd ;om;rsm;. wef;wla&;ESifhu, dk yf ikd jf yXmef;cGiu fh dk tmrcHEikd af om jynfe,faygi;f pkk jynfaxmifp}k uD;wnfaqmufa&; ygw. D tajccHEikd if aH &;&yfwnfr_ (u) ygwo D nf rdrw d idk ;f jynf. Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;jy\emrsm;tm; csO;f uyf&mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ a'owGi;f jy\emrsm;ESifh Edik if w H um&Sd 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ +idr;f csr;f a&;/ zHG@+zdK;wk;d wufa&;ESifh wnf+idraf &;qkid &f m jy\emrsm;tm; csO;f uyf&m wGiv f nf;aumif; vlom;wdk@ jzwfoef;wd;k wufc&Jh aom vlra_ &;vufawG@tay:wGif tajccHI pOf;pm;aqmif&u G rf nfjzpfonf? (vlra_ &;vufawG@[q k &dk mY vl@tzJG@tpnf;tqifq h ifh jzpfay:wk;d wufr_/ vlwef;pm;wku d yf /JG ukex f w k v f yk af &;jzpfay:wk;d wufr/_ Ekid if aH &;b0/ 0dZm… odyy`H nmqkid &f mzHG@+zdK;wd;k wufrw _ dk@tygt0ifjzpfonf?) (c) ygwo D nf ‘vlwOD;csi;f pD. tawG;tac:Y vlwef;pm;vuQ%mazmfjycsu&f o Sd nf’[laom tajccHtm; qkyu f idk f v#uf wdik ;f jynftwGi;f / Edik if w H umv_y&f mS ;r_rsm;twGi;f tzdEySd cf v H w l ef;pm;rsm;bufrS tpOf&yfwnf umuG,af qmif&u G o f mG ; rnfjzpfonf? (*) ygwo D nf rdrw d kid ;f jynf. Edik if Ha&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;jy\emrsm;tm; ajz&Si;f &mY rdrw d dk@. vlra_ &;vufawG@ tm; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ +idr;f csr;f a&;/ trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;wdk@udk wnfaqmufw;dk csJ@ umuG,&f mwGif aomhcsu=f uaom tajz&Smr_tjzpf qkyu f idk o f mG ;rnf? xdk@tjyif ygwo D nf 'Dru dk a&pDabmiftwGi;f w&m;r#wr_tm; tckid t f rmawmif;qd+k yD; tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;/ vlvwfwef;pm;/ trsKd ;om;"e&Sif paom tzdEySd cf jH ynfow l dk@. tcGit hf a&;rsm; tjynft h 0 &&Sad &; tpGr;f ukef aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? (2004ckEpS /f Zlvidk /f vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygw. D wd;k csJ@A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif jyifqifjznhpf u G f twnfjyKonf)

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(C) rdrw d ikd ;f jynfEiS fh Ekid if w H umjy\emrsm;tm; ajz&Si;f =u&mwGiv f nf; ygwt D aejzifh wdik ;f jynftwGi;f &Sd tzdEySd cf H vlrsKd ;pHjk ynfow l dk@. aoG;pnf;nD!Gwrf /_ Edik if w H umjynfow l [email protected];pnf;nD!w G rf q _ idk &f mv_yf&mS ;r_rsm;jzifo h matmifycJG EH ikd rf nf [k ,k=H unfonf? OD;wnfwu dk &f rnf&h efol ppftm%m&Sipf epfjzifv h rl sKd ;aygi;f pkjH ynfot l aygi;f tm; zdEySd u f |ejf yKv#u&f aSd om ppftyk pf o k nf jrefrmjynfvrl sdK;pkH taygi;f . bk&H efojl zpfonf? vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwD. &efojl zpfonf? jrefrmjynfawmfveS af &;. vuQ%m azmufjyefaom ppftm%m&Siw f dk@onf ‚if;wdk@. ppfwyfEiS hf ppftyk fcsKyfa&;,EW&m;udk zdEySd af &;ud&, d mtjzpf tok;H jyKI vlrsKd ;pkjH ynfot l aygi;f tm; twef;tpm;ra&G;/ trsKd ;bmom/ omoemra&G; zdEySd u f |ejf yKv#uf&o Sd nf? tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;/ vlvwfwef;pm;/ trsKd ;om;"e&Sif vlwef;pm;toD;oD;. Ekid if aH &;/ vlra_ &;/ pD;yGm;a&;b0rsm;rSm c|w+f cKHusv#uf 'Dru dk a&pDEiS fh vl@tcGit hf a&;rSeo f r#tm; zdEySd zf suq f ;D jcif;cH&v#uf &So d nf? xked nf;wl jrefrmjynf wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsdK;toD;oD;. aoG;pnf;r_reS o f r#uv kd nf; enf;vrf;aygi;f pkjH zifh aoG;cJ+G zdKzsuv f #u&f o Sd nf? trsKd ;om;toD;oD;. ud, k =fh urRmud, k zf efw;D cGifh tajctaersm;udv k nf; azmufjyefonfph pfjzihf acsre_ ;f &eftm;xkwv f #u&f o Sd nf? trsdK;om;toD;oD;. arG;&myg tcGit fh a&; rsm;tygt0if 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESifh vl@tcGit fh a&;rsm;rSmvnf; azmufjyefonfh ppftyk pf v k ufatmufwiG f uG,af ysmufae&onf? xdk@a=umifh ,ae@jrefrmjynfawmfveS af &;onf ppftyk pf t k m; vlwef;pm;aygi;f pk/H vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkH jynfolvx l kw&yfv;kH u qef@usiw f u dk cf u dk af eonfh 'Dru dk a&pDawmfveS af &;}uD;jzpfonf? wdu k yf o JG ¿mef ¿mef &efou l vufeufjzifh t=urf;zufzdEySd af eor# vufeufjzifh ckcq H ef@usiw f eG ;f vSeo f nfrmS w&m;r#w+yD; rSeu f efonf [k vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwDrS ,k=H unfonf? ppftm%m&Sipf epftm; toGio f ¾mefa&m/ tESpo f m&yg tuket f pif zsuo f rd ;f ypfEikd af &;twGuf ygwDonf wdu k yf JG o¾mefaygi;f pkjH zifh qifEo $J mG ;rnfjzpfonf? wdik ;f &if;om;awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh ygwo f ufaomoabmxm; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;. ukd,=hf urRmud, k zf efw;D cGio fh nf vlrsdK;wdik ;f . arG;&mygtcGit hf a&;yifjzpfonf? ‚if;wdk@ wGif uk, d yf ikd af 'o/ uk, d yf idk , f Ofaus;r_ "avhx;kH pH/ bmompmaywdk@rmS rlvuwnf;u wnf&+Sd yD;jzpfonf? ya'o&mZfpepf/ e,fcsJ@pepf/ ppftm%m&Sipf epfEiS hf azmufjyefonfh tkypf ;kd olwdk@a=umifo h m wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;. w&m;t&wnf&+Sd yD; tcGit fh a&;wdk@onf apmfum;zsuq f ;D jcif; cHae&ayonf? xdk@a=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. awmfveS pf pfonf rdrw d dk@. arG;&m ygtcGit fh a&;rsm;udk ckcu H muG,&f efEiS fh wdik ;f &if;om;toD;oD;vGwaf jrmufI +idr;f csr;f aom vl@tzJG@tpnf;opf}uD;twGuf azmufjyefonfph epfudk okwo f if&efqifEa$J eonfh w&m;aomppfjzpfonf? trsKd ;om;a&;jy\ ;om;a&;jy\emESifh trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf w _ nfaqmufa&;tay: oabmxm; trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emqdo k nfrmS trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf _ wnfaqmufa&;qdik &f mjy\emyifjzpfonf? ya'o&mZfacwfrpS I ,ae@xw d idk f jrefrmjynfvl@tzJG@tpnf;twGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;wdk@onf vuf awG@wiG f trSef wu,fn! D w G rf _ r&&Scd =Jh uay? xdjk y\emESiyfh wfoufI vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygw. D oabmxm;rSm wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;. wef;wla&;ESiu fh , dk yf idk jf yXmef;cGiu fh dk tmrcHa&;yifjzpfonf?

(2004ckEpS /f Zlvidk /f vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygw. D wd;k csJ@A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif jyifqifjznhpf u G f twnfjyKonf)

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wyfaygi;f pkEiS yfh gwo f ufaom oabmxm; ygww Dd ckrOS ;D aqmifI awmfveS af &;atmifycJG EH ikd o f nfh om"ursm; urBmah wmfveS af &;ordik ;f wGif wnf&cSd =Jh uonfh enf;wl ,ae@ jrefrmjynfawmfveS fa&;. tajctaersm;onf uspv f pfcikd rf maom/ trSew f u,fn h ! D w G faom wyfaygi;f pkw&yf udk awmif;qdak eonf[k vl@abmifopf'rD u dk &ufwpfygwrD S ,lqonf? ,ae@tajctaewGif awmfveS af &;tiftm;pktoD;oD;onf bk&H efoq l ef@usiaf &;rltay:wGif tajccHtm;jzihf nD!w G f =uaomfvnf; vufawG@aygi;f pyfr_ tm;enf;v#u&f o Sd nf[k ygwrD S ok;H oyfonf? wckwnf;aom Edik if aH &;/ ppfa&; bkv H yk if ef;pOftay:wGif trSew f u,fn! D w G af om wyfaygi;f pkw&yftaejzifh &efo. l ydik ;f jcm;xd;k ppfqifru _ dk acszsuEf ikd rf nfjzpf+yD; rdrd. Edik if aH &;/ ppfa&;v_y&f mS ;r_ t&Sed t f [keu f dk ydrk dkv#ijf refpmG jr‡iw fh ifEikd f rnfjzpfonf? w+ydKifeufwnf;rSmyif awmfveS af &;tiftm;pk toD;oD;taejzifh vufawG@vyk if ef;pOfrsm;wGif tjyeftvSef em;vnfr&_ um trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G rf j_ y\emudyk g udik w f , G af jz&Si;f Ekid v f rd rhf nf[k ygwt Dd aejzihf ,k=H unfonf? xdk@a=umihw f pkwpnf;wnf;aom/ tESpo f m&t& ckid rf maom ppftyk fpw k u dk zf suaf &; wyfaygi;f pk}uD;w&yfay:xGuaf &; onf vl@abmifopf'rD du k &ufwpfygw. D oabmxm;jzpfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfESEiS yhf gwfoufaom oabmxm; jrefrmjynfvrl sKd ;pkjH ynfov l l xw k &yfv;kH u av;pm;cspcf ifaom vlxak cgi;f aqmifjzpfonf? jrefrmjynf. vuf&ESd iS fh tem*wfjy\emrsm;tm; ajz&Si;f &mwGif rjzpfrae OD;aqmifyg0if&rnfh acgi;f aqmifwOD;tjzpf oabmxm;onf? vuf&pSd pfwyftay: oabmxm; vuf&pSd pfwyfonf 1948-ckEpS rf S pI zufqpfqef@usiaf &; rlvvrf;a=umif;rSaoGzu D m tm%m& zdESdyo f rl sm;ESifh ppftm%m&Siw f dk@tvdu k s jynfov l l xt k m; zdEySd af &;ud&, d mtjzpf tok;H cscaH e&onf? e0w. trdef@trSwf (1§ 90)tay: oabmxm; (1990-jynfEh Sp)f arv(27)&uf a&G;aumufy&JG v'fudk pepfwus jiif;y,fzsuq f ;D &efEiS fh Ekid if aH wmftm%mudk enf; rsKd ;pkjH zifh vufrvGww f rf; &,lxm;&ef ppftyk pf rk S xkwjf yefcaJh om zdEySd af &;trdef@wckjzpfonf? trsKd ;om;nDvmcHay: oabmxm; trsKd ;om;nDvmcHudk wef;wl&nfw&l o Sd nfh 'Drdkua&pDtjynft h 0&Sad om tajccHay:wGif wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkjH ynfol rsm;. ud, k fpm;vS,t f ppftrSerf sm;jzifh yg0ifzJ@G pnf;&ayrnf? ,if; trsdK;om;nDvmcHonf aoG;pnf;nD!Gw+f yD; acwfrzD HG@+zdK;wd;k wufaom ygwpD kH'rD u dk a&pDEikd if aH wmfopfw&yf wnfaqmufa&;udk OD;wnf&ayrnf? ppftyk fprk cS sKyfuidk I f usi;f yaeaom trsKd ; om;nDvmcHrmS ppftm%m&Sipf epfwnf+rJa&;twGuf vkyaf qmifay;&onfh nDvmcHwckomjzpfonf? awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;tay: oabmxm; jrefrmjynfwiG pf pfreS af om jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;&&Sad p&eftwGuf Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh tajz&Sm &mwGif awG@qakH qG;aEG;r_rsm;tm; enf;vrf;w&yftjzpf rdrw d kd@rv S ufco H nf? okd@aomf ppftm%m&Sipf epftm; taxmuf tuljyK+yD; jynfov l x l k. tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk rsuu f , G jf yKaom awG@qakH qG;aEG;r_rsm;udk rdrw d dk@ygwt D aejzihf vufrcHay? ppftyk pf /k 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESifh wkid ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;yg0if+yD; Ekid if aH &;t& awG@qakH qG;aEG;rSomv#if jrefrm Edik if w H iG f jzpfay:aeaom vuf&ESd idk if aH &;jy\emt&yf&yftm; ajz&Si;f Ekid rf nfjzpfonft h jyif ppfreS af om jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;udk wnfaqmufEikd rf nf[k ,k=H unfonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;aqmifaom trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJG@csKyfEiS fh ppftyk pf w k dk@ Edik if &H a&;t& awG@qakH qG;aEG;jcif;rSwqifh wkid ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm; tm;vk;H yg0ifaom Ekid if aH &;t& awG@qakH qG;aEG;tajz&Sm a&; okd@ wufvrS ;f &ef vdt k yfonf?

(2004ckEpS /f Zlvidk /f vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygw. D wd;k csJ@A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif jyifqifjznhpf u G f twnfjyKonf)

4 wef;wlrv _ nf;&S/d vGwv f yfrv _ nf;&S+d yD; tiftm;pkt k m;vk;H yg0ifaom Edik if aH &;t& awG@qakH qG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;onf wrsKd ;om;vk;H twGuf t"du=uonfh Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef;pOfw&yftjzpf rdrw d dk@ygwrD cS , H o l nf? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJG@csKyf(NLD)tay: oabmxm; trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDt d zJG@csKyfonf 1990-jynfhEpS /f arv(27)&uf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufy}JG uD;wGif jynfov l x l . k qENrt J rsm;pkjzifh tEkid &f &Scd o Jh nf? xk@d a=umifh ,ae@umv. Edik if aH &;jzpfay:wd;k wufrw _ iG f t"duusaom tcef; u¾rS yg0ifaom tzJG@tpnf;}uD;jzpfonf? trdsK;om;'D dk a&pDwyf wyfaygi;f pk (NDF)tay:oabmxm; ;om;'Drd u ppftyk pf t k ygt0iftm%m&zdESdyo f lrsm;a=umifh rw&m;qk;H &_;H ae&aom wef;wla&;ESifh ud, k fyidk jf yXmef;cGit fh ygt0if 'Dru dk a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGit fh a&;rsm;&&Sad &;twGuf w&m;aom awmfveS pf pfudk qifEa$J eonfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pkw H dk@. wyfaygi;f pkjzpfonf? jrefrmjynf'rD u dk &ufwpfr[mrdwt f zJG@csKyf (DAB)tay:oabmxm; ppftm%m&Sipf epf zsuo f rd ;f a&;wkduyf }JG uD;twGi;f Y wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. vufeufuidk f awmfveS af &;tzJ@G tpnf; rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;/ &[ef;oHCmrsm;/ jynfya&muf jrefrmrsKd ;cspfrsm;tygt0if 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; vufwaJG ygi;f pnf; vmonfh jzpfay:wk;d wufra_ =umifh arG;zGm;vmaom wyfaygi;f pk}uD;jzpfonf? ,ae@ awmfveS af &;}uD;wGif jrefrmjynf'Dru dk &uf wpfr[mrdwt f zJG@csKyfonf t"duusaom tcef;u¾wGiyf g0ifonfh tzJG@tpnf;}uD;jzpfonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsKd ;om;aumifp(D NCUB)tay: oabmxm; jynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;/ jrefrmjynf'Dru kd &ufwpftzJG@csKyf/ trsKd ;om;'Drdkua&pDt d zJG@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,f ajr)/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDwyfaygi;f pk (NDF) wdk@jzifh yl;aygi;f zJG@pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H trsKd ;om; aumifpt D m; ydrk I dk cdik rf mus,jf yef@aom tESpo f m&&So d nfh ppftyk pf q k ef@usiw f u kd zf suaf &;/ wyfaygi;f pktjzpf wd;k csJ@omG ;&ef }udK;yrf;oGm;&rnf? jyefe,faygi;f pkjynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufa&;tay: oabmxm; jrefrmjynfv@l tzJG@tpnf;. Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm; ajyvnf+yD; ppfrSefaom +idr;f csr;f a&;&&Sd&eftwGuf wkid ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;. wef;wla&;ESifh udk,yf dkijf yXmef;cGiu fh t dk mrcHaomjynfe,faygi;f pkjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmuf&rnfjzpfonf? jynfe,f aygi;f pk jynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;twGuf ppftm%m&Sipf epf tuket f pifzsuo f rd ;f a&;udk a&S;OD;pGmvkyaf qmif&rnfjzpfonf? jynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;jyKaumfrwD(CRPP)tay: oabmxm; jynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;jyKaumfrwD(CRPP)onf 1990-jynfhEpS f jynfol@vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyw JG Gif jynfol vlxu k w&m;0ifa&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufcaJh om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkjH ynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;.tcGit fh m%mjzifh zJG@pnf; xm;aomaumfrwDjzpfonf? jynfov l x l . k qENtppftrSeu f dk ud, k fpm;jyKaom aumfrwDw&yfvnf;jzpfayonf? xkd@a=umifh jynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;jyKaumfrwDonf jynfol@vw $ af wmfw&yf. tcGit hf m%mESifh vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;udk tjynft h 0 usio fh ;kH ydik cf iG &fh o Sd nf? jynfov l x l . k oabmqENrygbJ jynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;jyKaumfrwDtm; vly*k ~Kd vfwOD;wa,muf toif; tyif; wpkwzJG@ur# +cdr;f ajcmufjcif;/ tusyu f idk jf cif;/ zdtm;ay;jcif;rsm;jzifh zsuo f rd ;f ydik cf iG fh r&Sad cs?

(2004ckEpS /f Zlvidk /f vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygw. D wd;k csJ@A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif jyifqifjznhpf u G f twnfjyKonf)

5

ppftyk pf . k typftcwf&yfpaJ &; ay:vpDtay: oabmxm; ppftyk pf rk S wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f zJG@tpnf;rsm;ESihf jyKvkyx f m;aom typftcwf&yfpaJ &;onf jynfwiG ;f ppf jy\emESifh wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f zJG@tpnf;rsm;. Edik if aH &;ESifh vlrsKd ;a&;tqifah e&mudk ypfy,fvpfvsL&_+yD; wwdik ;f jynf vk;H u vkv d m;awmifw h aeonfh ppfreS af omjynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f r_ wnfaqmufa&;udk vrf;v$yJ pf&efomjzpfonf? typftcwf&yfpx J m;onht f iftm;pkrsm;tay:oabmxm; typftcwf&yfprJ u _ dk wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f iftm;pkrsm;u aqmif&u G jf cif;onf Ekid if aH &;jy\emudk Ekid if aH &; enf;t& ajz&Si;f Ekid &f eftwGuf &nf&, G v f yk af qmifcahJ om ajcvSr;f w&yfjzpfonf? xdrk w S qifh wwdik ;f jynfv;kH +idrf ;f csr;f a&;odk@ wufvrS ;f &efvo dk nf? okd@aomfvnf; ,cktcsed t f xd wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f iftm;pkrsm;. Ekid if aH &;ESihf vlrdsK;a&;tqifah e&mudk (etz) ppftyk pf u k ypfy,fvpfvsL&_xm;qJjzpfonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f iftm;pkrsm;. Ekid if aH &;/ trsKd ;om;wef;wla&;ESiu fh , kd yf ikd jf yXmef;cGiq fh ikd &f m tcGit fh a&;rsm; twGuf awmif;qdw k u dk yf 0JG ifrr_ eS o f r#udk rdrw d dk@ ygwt D aejzifh axmufco H mG ;rnf? ajr,mydik q f ikd rf t _ ay: oabmxm; jrefrmjynfvOl ;D a&. ok;H ykEH pS yf akH usmo f nf v,form;rsm;jzpfonf? ajr,mjy\emonf wkid ;f jynfp;D yGm;zHG@+zdK;wd;k wufa&;wGif ta&;}uD;aom jy\emw&yfjzpfonf? v,fvyk o f l v,fyidk af &;twGuf aqmif&u G &f rnfjzpfonf? oifw h ifah om ajr,mydik q f idk rf u _ dk cGijfh yKrnfjzpfaomfvnf; ajr&Si}f uD;pepf rxGe;f um;ap&ef Oya'rsm; jyXmef;umuG,&f ef vdt k yfonf? Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErSH t _ ay: oabmxm; wdik ;f jynf. trsdK;om;pD;yGm;a&;/ jyefvnfxal xmifa&;ESifh acwfrw D ;dk wufapaom Edik if aH wmfopf wnfaqmufa&; wGif Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfErSH r_ mS vkdtyfcsuw f &yfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh trsKd ;om;pD;yGm;a&;udk taxmuftuljyKaprnfh tjyef tvSet f usKd ;pD;yGm;tay:tajccHaomEkid if jH cm;&ifE;SD jrKyfErSH u _ v dk ufcrH nf? odk@aomfvuf&pSd pftyk pf v k ufxuf Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrKyfESH r_rsm;rSm wkid ;f jynf. pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;zHG@+zdK;wd;k wufrr_ sm;twGuf OD;wnfaom trdsK;om;pD;yGm;jzpfxeG ;f r_udk taxmuftul rjyKbJ ppftyk pf t k m%mwnf+rJa&;udo k mjzpfapojzifh ppftyk pf t k yk cf sKyfa&; tajccHatmufwiG f jrefrmEdkiif o H dk@ jynfyrS&if;ES;D jrKyfESHrr_ eS o f r#udk qef@usio f mG ;rnf? obm0ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f a&;tay: oabmxm; obm0ywf0ef;usiyf supf ;D r_a=umifh jzpfay:aeaom tusKd ;qufrsm;onf vlom;rsdK;EG,w f &yfv;kH . &Sio f efru _ dk tEW&m,fjyKv#u&f aSd eayonf? obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk xkw, f lo;kH pG&J mwGif a'ocHjynfov l x l k. oabmqENtay:wGif tajccH&rnf? obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&;vkyif ef;udk trsKd ;om;a&;wm0efw&yftjzpf aqmif&u G o f mG ;&ef vdk tyfonf?

(2004ckEpS /f Zlvidk /f vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygw. D wd;k csJ@A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif jyifqifjznhpf u G f twnfjyKonf)

6

vwfwavmEdik if aH &;vkyif ef;pOf (u) ppftm%m&Sipf epf zsuo f dr;f a&;qdik &f m vkyif ef;pOf 1? jynfol@vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;jyKaumfrwDtm; axmufcu H m ‚if;.vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;atmifjrif+yD;ajrmufap&ef yl;aygi;f aqmif &Guo f mG ;rnf? 2? wvk;H wpnf;wnf;aom/ tESpo f m&t& cdik rf maom ppftyk pf w k kduzf suaf &;/ wyfaygi;f pk}uD;w&yf ay:xGe;f vmap&ef tpGr;f uke}f udK;yrf;oGm;rnf? 3? ppftm%m&Sipf epfqef@usiaf &;/ vlxv k y_ &f mS ;r_rsm; ay:ayguv f mapa&;twGuf jynfwiG ;f &Sd &efopl pftyk pf u k dk qef@usiaf om vly*k K~d vfrsm;/ tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf r_ sm; jyKvkyEf ikd &f ef enf;vrf;aygi;f pkjH zifh }udK;yrf;aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? 4? ppftyk pf rk S csKyfuidk I f wzufowfusi;f yaeaom vuf&t Sd rsKd ;om;nDvmcHudk enf;rsKd ;pkjH zifh qef@usifomG ;rnf? wqufwnf; wGif tqifq h ifah om awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;rsm; ay:ayguv f ma&;twGuf r[mrdwrf sm;/ jynforl sm;ESit fh wl vufw}JG udK;yrf; aqmif &Guo f mG ;rnf? 5? enf;o¾mefaygi;f pkjH zifh wku d yf JG0ifaeaom 'Dru dk a&pDawmfveS af &;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;tay: Ekid if w H umrS tcdik t f rm axmufcH ulnv D mEdik af p&ef }udK;yrf;oGm;rnf? (c) trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;qdik &f m vkyif ef;pOf 1? rdrt d iftm;pkrsm;twGi;f / jynfolvx l t k wGi;f r[mvlrsKd ;}uD;0g'ESifh usO;f ajrmif;aom trsKd ;om;a&;0g' udk wdu k zf surf nf? 2? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. w&m;r#waomawmfveS pf pfyt JG m; jynfov l x l w k &yfvk;H u em;vnfoabmayguf ,k=H unfouf 0if+yD; yl;aygi;f yg0ifvmap&ef }udK;pm;aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? 3? wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;. awmfveS af &;wdk@tm; zdEySd o f t l pk;d &tqufqufwdk@bufrS jynfov l x l t k wGi;f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm 0g'jzef@o&kyzf sufrr_ sm;udk acszsu&f iS ;f vif;oGm;rnf? 4? jrefrmjynfvl@tzJG@tpnf;wGif trsKd ;om;zdESdyrf r_ sm; xm0&uif;pifa&;twGuf awmfveS af &;tiftm;pktoD;oD;ESifh yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf? 5? wef;wla&;ESifh uk, d yf idk jf yXmef;cGiu fh dk tmrcHEidk rf nfh jynfe,faygi;f pkjynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufa&;udk tav;teufxm;I aqmif&u G rf nf? (*) ygw. D oD;jcm;vkyif ef;pOf 1? odyo f nf;uspv f pfI t&nftcsi;f aumif;aom ygww D &yfjzpfap&ef wnfaqmufrnf? 2? Ekid if aH &;/ pnf;&k;H a&;t& =uH@cikd af om ygww D &yfjzpfap&ef pepfwus tqifq h ifw h nfaqmufomG ;rnf? 3? 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Ofudk tajccHI A[dck sKyfuidk rf j_ zifh ygww D iG ;f wGif Ekid fiaH &;t& ckid rf maom pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf u _ dk wnfaqmuf rnf? 4? ygwt D aejzihf awmfveS af &;wm0efrsm;tm; r[mrdwrf sm;ESifh yl;wJx G rf;aqmifrnf?





ppftm%m&Sipf epf tuket f pifzsuford ;f a&; 'Dru kd a&pDEiS fh vl@tcGit fh a&;udk tjynft0 tmrcHEikd af &; +idr;f csr;f a&; trsK;d om;rsm;. wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf idk jf yXmef;cGiu hf kd tmrcHEikd af om jynfe,faygi;f pk jynfaxmifp}k uD; wnfaqmufa&;

(2004ckEpS /f Zlvidk /f vl@abmifopf'rD dku&ufwpfygw. D wd;k csJ@A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif jyifqifjznhpf u G f twnfjyKonf)