Sept ('06)-8 - Spoken English

-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 18 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Jayanth: Hi Anant, good to see you though after such a long time. How goes life?

(£æ…ß˝’ ņçû˝, î√™«-鬩ç ûª®√y-ûª®·Ø√ E†’o îª÷úøôç ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’? ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?)

Ananth: Getting on. How is it with you?

(àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC. F Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?) (´÷´‚™‰)

Jayanth: As usual. Ananth: How is Vasanth? Long since I met him.

(´Ææçû˝ ᙫ ÖØ√oúø’? îª÷Æœ î√™«-é¬-©-¢Á’içC.)

Jayanth: Not in the best of circumstances, I must say.

(ÅûªúÕ °æJ-ÆœnA ÅçûËç ¶«í¬™‰ü¿ØË îÁ§ƒpL ) Why? what is wrong? (àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç)

Ananth: Jayanth: He has had losses in business. His partners have cheated him. But he is facing all this very bravely. A lesser man than he would have gone mad.

(¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç™ †≥ƒd©’ ´î√a®·. ÅûªúÕ ¶µ«í∫-≤ƒy-´·-©-ûª-úÕE ´·çî√®Ω’. é¬E Éçûª ïJ-TØ√ üµÁj®Ωuçí¬ØË ÖØ√oúø’. Åûª-úÕéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ÂÆkn®Ωuç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x-®·ûË, ѧƒöÀéÀ °œ*a-¢√-∞¡x-®·-§Ú-ßË’-¢√®Ω’.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 215

2

Ananth: That'll be too late for me to see him. I think I'll wait and see him today. Won't you come with me?

(Å°æp-öÀéÀ ´’K Ç©Ææu¢Á’i-§Ú-ûª’çC. Ñ®ÓV ÇT, ¢√úÕE îª÷ü∆l-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. †’´¤y- Ø√ûÓ®√¢√) Jayanth: I will, of course. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ´≤ƒh) Ananth: OK. Let's in the meantime watch the TV. - little degrees - little (positive), less (comparative), least (superlative). little comparative lesser. Less, lesser little comparatives use Less less a) She has less jewellery than her sister (has) = b) He gets less income from his job than from his rents=

(-ÆæÍ®. Ñ´’üµ¿u é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ öÀ.N. îª÷ü∆lç.) ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ îª÷ÆœçC èπ◊ Éûª®Ω

Å®·ûË èπ◊ È®çúÓ, (ÉçéÓ) èπÿú≈ ÖçC. ÅC Ñ È®çúø÷ èπ◊ Å®·Ø√, ¢√öÀ ™ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. Å®Ωnç, Åçõ‰ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ÉçéÓ ¢√úøû√ç. ü∆EûÓ §ÚLÊÆh ûªèπ◊\-¢Áj† ÅØË Å®Ωnç™

Ç¢Á’-èπ◊†o †í∫©’, Ç¢Á’ ≤Úü¿J †í∫© éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´.

Åûª-úÕéÀ ÅüÁl© ´©x ´îËa Çü∆-ߪ÷-E-éπçõ‰, ÖüÓuí∫ç ´©x ´îËa Çü∆ߪ’ç ûªèπ◊\´. Lesser Å®Ωnç, ÉçéÓ-ü∆-Eéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ÅE Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà less ¢√úË îÓô™«x lesser ¢√úøç. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ ÉçéÌ-éπ-J-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ •©ç/v°æA¶µº/¨¡éÀh, -¢Á·ü¿-™„j-† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.

d) He is involved in the crime to a lesser or greater extent=

Ç ØË®Ωç™ éÌüÓl, í̧Úp OúÕ

§ƒvûª èπÿú≈ ÖçC. extent= ´®Ωèπ◊/ ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊=

degree.

e) This is the lesser of the two evils

= È®çúø÷ îÁúË, Å®·ûË ÉC È®çúÕç-öÀ™ ûªèπ◊\´ îÁúø’.

g) A lesser man than he would have gone etc) mad =

b) If 3.30 is too early, 5.30 is too late. 3.30










Look at the following sentence from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. 1) He is too trusting and too risking

(N†-ö«-EéÀ ¶«üµ¿í¬ ÖçC. Å®·ûË äéπöÀ. Åûªúø’ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ÅAí¬ †´·t-û√úø’; ÅAí¬ ûÁT-≤ƒhúø’. Åü¿-ûªEo *èπ◊\™x °æúË-Ææ’hçC.) Trusting= †¢Ë’t Ææy¶µ«-´ç-éπ©; risking= ûÁTç-îªôç, -JÆˇ\ BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç. Land somebody in trouble= *èπ◊\™x °æúË-ߪ’ôç Jayanth: I agree with you there.

(Ç N≠æߪ’ç ؈ç-U-éπ-J≤ƒh.) Ananth: I wish to see him.

(¢√úÕE îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)

¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢Á·ü¿ô 50,000 ®Ω÷§ƒßª’©úÕ-TØ√, *´-®Ωèπ◊ ûªèπ◊\´ ¢Á·û√hEéÀ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-î√®Ω’. ÉüË ¶µ«´ç, less ¢√úÕûË É™« îÁ•’û√ç.

c) They originally ... , accepted a sum less than that. a lesser sum = (c) a sum less (b) lesser than ... sum noun lesser noun Eg: A lesser player, A lesser degree A lesser offense etc. A lesser player than Tendulkar could not have scored so many centuries= cricketer, Tendulkar centuries lesser noun

™

Jayanth: It is too early. You wait for an hour. He will then have returned from his morning walk.

(É°æ¤púø’ ´’K °çü¿-™«úË Å´¤-ûª’çC. ã í∫çô Çí∫’. Å°æp-öÀéÀ ´÷Joçí˚ ¢√é˙ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-≤ƒhúø’.)

Ananth: Does he still continue his morning walk?

(Éçé¬ ´÷Joçí˚ ¢√é˙èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√oú≈?)

Jayanth: He does. That keeps him healthy.

(Å´¤†’. ÅC ¢√úÕE Ç®Ó-í∫uçí¬ Öç-ûÓçC.) Ananth: (Do) you suggest that I wait for another hour to see him. I'm afraid that's too long. I have work at 9.30. I think I'll see him tomorrow.

(¢√úÕE îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ††’o ´’®Ó í∫çô ¢Ë*-îª÷-úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? ÅC ´’K áèπ◊\´ Ææ´’-ߪ’-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-üË¢Á÷ ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. Ø√èπ◊ ûÌN’t-C-†o-®Ωèπ◊ °æ†’çC. Í®°æ¤ îª÷ú≈-©-†’èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.) Jayanth: I leave it to you, but I'm not sure of his programme tomorrow. He may be out of town, and return only on friday.

(F É≠ædç ´’J. é¬E Í®°æûªE v§Úví¬¢˛’ àN’ö Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-Mü¿’. Í®°æ¤ Ü∞x Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ Ü∞x ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç ´®Ωèπÿ ®√éπ-§Ú-´îª’a)

Spoken English

Ç 15 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©’ç-úøü¿’. ¶«í¬ ûªèπ◊\¢Ë Öçô’çC. ÉçéÓ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®Ωnç È®çúÕç-öÀéà ֆo°æpöÀéà ¢√úÕ-†çûª ûª®Ω¢√úøç. í¬

™ ûËú≈ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’, ÅØË ®√´ôç – É™« ´Ææ’hçC. áèπ◊\-´í¬ (ÉçéÓ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ é¬Ææh (Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊), ØË®Ωç),

ûª®√yûª ûª®√yûª

2) It is too early 3) I'm afraid that's too long 4) That'll be too late Look at the use of too in the sentences above. too

Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç, ÅA/ ÅAí¬ ÅE. ÅAí¬ Åçõ‰ Å´Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬, ¢Á÷û√ü¿’èπ◊ N’ç* ÅE éπü∆. Åçü¿’-´©x îÁúø’ °∂æL-û√©’ éπ©-í∫-´-îªaE. 1) He is too trusting and risking = Åûªúø’ (Éûª-®Ω’©†’) ÅAí¬ †´·t-û√úø’. ü∆E-´©x ü¿’≠æp¥-Lûªç – ÅûªE partners ÅûªEo ´·çîË-ߪ’ôç. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ too risking = ´’K áèπ◊\´ ûÁTç°æ¤ – v°æ´÷ü¿çûÓ èπÿúø’-èπ◊†o N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo (risk †’) èπÿú≈ ûÁTç* îËߪ’ôç. – Éûª†’ ÉC ´’K îË≤ƒhúø’ – °∂æLûªç, †≠ædç 2) It is too early = ´’K °çü¿-™«úÁ – Åçü¿’-´©x °æE ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’.

5 í∫çô©èπ◊ ´îËa éÓÆæç, 3.30Íé èπ◊ îË®Ω’éÓ-´ôç ´’K ´·çü¿Í® ¢Á∞¡xôç Å´¤-ûª’çC.

éÀ ´’K ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞¡}ôç Å®·ûË, 5.30 éÀ ´îËa •çúÕ-éÓÆæç 5.30 èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡}ôç Åû√u-©Ææuç (•çúÕ ûª°œp-§Ú-ûª’çC– v°æߪ÷ùç îËߪ’™‰ç.) 3) I'm afraid that it is too long = ÅC ´’K áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-Ê°¢Á÷ ÅE-°œ-≤Úhç-C-Ø√èπ◊. (°æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ N≠æ-N’çîËçûªÊÆ°æ¤) a) He stayed here too long = Åûª-E-éπ\úø ´’K áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√oúø’. (Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤çúøôç ´©x °∂æL-û√©’ îÁúø’. ÅûªE ÖüËl-¨¡´‚ îÁúø’é¬-´îª’a/ Åûª-EéÀ, Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ àüÁjØ√ îÁúø’ éπL-TçC) Very, too- Ñ È®çúø÷ äéπöÀ鬴¤ – Å®Ωnç™ é¬F, use ™ é¬F. Very Åçõ‰ î√™«/ áèπ◊\´ ÅE ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’-´©x Åçûª îÁúø’/ †≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. Too Åçõ‰ ´’K/ ÅA ÅE. a) The train is very late = Train î√™« Eü∆-†çí¬/ ØÁ´’t-Cí¬ §ÚûÓçC. ´’†ç í∫´’uç îË®Ωôç (î√™«) Ç©Ææuç 鬴a, °∂æLûªç ü¿éπ\-´îª’a. b) Train is too slow = Train ´’K/ ÅA Eü∆-†çí¬ ¢Á∞hçC. ´’†ç îËÍ®-ô-°æp-öÀéÀ, v°æߪ÷ù °∂æLûªç ü¿éπ\ü¿’. c) The doctor was called in very late = Doctor

†’ î√™« Ç©-Ææuçí¬ °œL-î√®Ω’. (N’ç* §Ú™‰ü¿’. é¬Ææh-®·Ø√ v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ©Gµç*çC)

d) The doctor was called in too late = Doctor

†’ ´’K Ç©-Ææuçí¬ °œL-î√®Ω’. (Å°æp-öÀÍé N’ç*-§Ú-®·çC. v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·çC. Doctor îËûª’©’ èπÿú≈ ü∆öÀ-§Ú-®·çC.)

ûªèπ◊\´ ûªèπ◊\´

éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ v°æA¶µº éπL-T† ÅEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úø’ é¬úø’. †’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ äéπ (Ê°®Ω’x Åçõ‰ ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç) ´·çü¿’ ÉçéÓ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ¢Á·ûªhç (amount), v§ƒ´·êuç (importance), °æJ-´÷ùç (size) Ö†o ÅØË Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. a) The growing pollution, and, to a lesser degree, the scarcity of drinking water, are the cause of the trouble=

°®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o 鬩’≠æuç, ü∆Eéπçõ‰ é¬Ææh ûªèπ◊\´ ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊, ´’ç*-FöÀ éÌ®Ωûª, ¶«üµ¿-©èπ◊ 鬮Ω-ù«©’.

b) Though a city of lesser size and population than Kolkata, Mumbai has greater prominence=

éÓ™¸-éπû√ éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ïØ√¶µ«, °æJ-´÷ùç-éπ© †í∫-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, ´·ç¶„j v§ƒ´·êuç áèπ◊\´.

c) A lesser leader than Gandhi would have yielded to the British= British

Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úø’

(´’K ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤ – ûÁJ* Öçúøü¿’/ †’´¤y áèπ◊\-´ÊÆ°æ¤ ¢Ë* Öçú≈Lq ´Ææ’hçC.)

a) Reaching the station at 3.30 for a train that arrives at 5.00 is too early = train station




Look at the following. a) The pen can't be Rs 15/- It'd be much less= pen less, lesser less lesser b) They originally demanded Rs. 50,000/- but finally settled for a lesser sum=

Syam: It is too early Bank

Åçûªí¬ Ê°®Ω’-§Òç-ü¿E ¶«M-´¤ú˛ †ô’™x Åûª-ØÌ-éπúø’.

f) He is among the lesser known actors of Bollywood=

That'll be too late Ananth: Sorry to hear that. But one thing. He is too trusting and too risking. That sometimes lands him in trouble.

èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL. •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-

ûª’Ø√o)

Åûª-úÕéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ (ÂÆkn®Ωuç, ¢√∞¡x-®·ûË, °œ*a ¢√∞¡x-®·-§Ú-ßË’-¢√∞Ïx. ÉD lesser Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. O’ conversation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. M. SURESAN

Prem: I want to go to bank urgently. I am starting. (Bank

í¬çDµéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ íÌ°æp ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ™ÔçÍí-¢√úø’.

EXERCISE Sumithra:

Ñ <®Ω ᙫ ÖçC? E†oØË éÌØ√o. Suchithra: Ñ <®Ω °æô’d (silk) †’´¤y Åçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿’ é̆o <®Ω °æô’d-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Ø√ùu-¢Á’içC. Å®·ûË ü∆E ï-KéÀ D†çûª Ø√ùu-ûª-™‰ü¿’. (ïK = brocade - v¶ÔÈé-ß˝’ú˛ – 'Èéß˝’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Sumithra: Å®·ûË ÉC ü∆E-éπçõ‰ êK-üÁjçC. Suchithra: Ñ È®çúø’ Ææç´-ûªq-®√™x †’´¤y -á-E-N’-C °æô’d <®Ω-©-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ é̆’ç-úø-´¤-éπü∆? Sumithra: ņ’-èπ◊çö«. Suchithra: áç°œéπ FüËØ√,- -¢ËÍ®-´-J Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√? Sumithra: ´÷ ´C††’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞¡û√. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ø√éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ņ’-¶µº-´´·çC. Suchithra: Selection î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.Sumithra: üµ¿-†u-¢√-ü∆-©’.

ANSWER Sumithra: How is this sari? I bought it yesterday. Suchithra: The silk/ texture

of this sari is superior to that of the sari you bought earlier, but its brocade is inferior to that of the earlier sari.

(ØËûª)

Sumithra: But this is costlier than that. Suchithra: You must have bought not less than/ no fewer than eight saris in the last two years. Isn't that so? Sumithra: I think so. Suchithra: Is the selection yours, or do you take any one's help? Sumithra: I take my sister-in-law's help. She is senior to me in these matters. Suchithra: The selection is really good. Sumithra: Thank you.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm