Sept ('06)-0 - Spoken English

-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 2 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Vasanth: Hi Hemanth, how was the match yesterday?

(E†oöÀ ´÷u-î˝ à-¢Á’iç-C?)Hemanth: We did play well. We did win too, but our game was not better than last sunday's game.

(¢Ë’ç ¶«í¬ØË Çú≈ç, ÈíLî√ç èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË E†o ´÷ Çô §Ú®·† ÇC-¢√®Ωç Çô-éπç-õ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ ™‰ü¿’.) Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ äéπ-≤ƒJ îÁ§ƒpç. ´’Sx îÁ°æ¤hØ√oç. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Not ™‰†-°æ¤púø÷, question 鬆-°æ¤púø÷ èπÿú≈, did ¢√úøû√ç, °j¢√-é¬u-™x-™«. Å™« ¢√úÕûË N≠æߪ÷Eo é¬Ææh í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°œp-†ôx-´¤-ûª’çC. I did meet him yesterday =

-ØË-†’ -E-†o -Å-ûª-úÕ-E éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o. (É™«çöÀ expressions O’ conversation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.) Vasanth: Why do you say so?

(áçü¿’-éπ™« Åçô’-Ø√o´¤?) Hemanth: Our score this time were not more than that last time. Moreover the wickets we took are not more than those we took last time.

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J -≤Ú\®˝ éπçõ‰ Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ ≤Ú\®˝ áèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’.-Ñ≤ƒJ ¢Ë’ç -BÆæ’èπ◊-†o N-Èé-ô’x éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J N-Èé-ôx éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’) Vasanth: Why so?

(áçü¿’-´©x Å™«?) Hemanth: We made a few changes in the team. We had Kiran and Charan in place of Mahesh and Satish, but they were no greater than Mahesh and Satish.

(¢Ë’ç öÃç ™ éÌEo ´÷®Ω’p©’î˨»ç. -´’Ê£«-≠ˇ, Ææ-B-≠ˇ •ü¿’©’, - M. SURESAN éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝ -©†’ BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√oç. ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ O∞¡Ÿx íÌ°æpí¬ ™‰®Ω’) Vasanth: What about the pitch?

°œ-î˝ á™« ÖçC?) (Pitch= È®çúø’ -¢Áj°æ¤-™« NÈé-ôx ´’üµ¿u -°æ*aéπ Åçûªí¬ ™‰E ¶µ«í∫ç) Hemanth: The pitch this time was not faster than the pitch last time. That's why we took a spinner in place of a pace bowler. (°œ-î˝ Ñ≤ƒJ fast bowling èπ◊ Åçûª ņ’í∫’ùçí¬ -™‰-ü¿’. Åçü¿’Íé ¢Ë’ç, ã fast bowler •ü¿’©’. ã spin bowler †’ BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√oç) (pace bowler = fast bowler.

(not + comparative -

a) Ooty is not cooler than Kodaikanal. (

Ñ ≤ƒJ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝ éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’)

tive.

Positive: Our score last time was (at least) as high as our score this time.

-Ü-öÃ, éÌ-úÁjÈé-Ø√-™¸ éπçõ‰ xE v°æü˨¡ç é¬ü¿’) Ééπ\úø 1) adjective cooler - degree - compara-

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒJ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝, Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ -≤Ú\®˝ ÅçûË.)

2) comparison superlative

(§ÚLéπ) È®ç-úÕçöÀéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. 鬕öÀd Öçúøü¿’. Å®·ûË í∫-ûª lessons ™-E examples ™« é¬èπ◊çú≈, °j sentences ™ comparative ´·çü¿’ not ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Åçõ‰, Ñ ¶µ«¢√Eo, positive ™ îÁÊ°p-ô°æ¤púø’ not ®√ü¿’ éπü∆. positive îª÷ü∆lç.

3) The wickets we took this time were not more than the wickets we took last time. (not more - not + more (comparative))

(at least)

éÌúÁj-Èé-Ø√™¸ éπFÆæç Öçô’çC.

Ü-öà Åçûª- xí¬

we have Harish =

Vasanth: What about the next match? (

ûª®√y-ûª -Ç-ô Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?-)

Hemanth: We may play the team from Warangal, but we take it easy. The Warangal team is no more a problem for us than yesterday's team.

(´îËa-≤ƒJ ¢Ë’ç- ´®Ωç-í∫™¸ öÃç ûÓ ÇúÌa. Å®·ûË ¢Ë’ç ü∆Eo ûËL-í¬_ØË BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. E†oöÀ öÃç éπç-õ‰ ´®Ωç-í∫™¸ öÃç °ü¿l Ææ´’ÊÆuç é¬ü¿’.) Vasanth: I appreciate your confidence.

(F N¨»y-≤ƒEo -Å-Gµ-†ç-CÆæ’h-Ø√o.) Hemanth: Our Captain is more confident than I (am)=

Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷ ÖØ√oúø’.)

captain

Éçé¬ N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ

Vasanth: Best of luck then. Bye.

captain

Åçûª N¨»y-Ææç-í¬-™‰†’.) aloud in

F -vúÁÆˇ áçûª ¶«´¤ç-üÓ! F -vúÁÆˇ éπçõ‰ °ü¿l -àç ¶«í¬-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Pramada: éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Ø√ -vúÁÆˇ F -vúÁÆˇ Åçûª Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃߪ’çí¬ ™‰ü¿’. Ø√ ÂÆ-©éπ{-Ø˛ F ÂÆ-©éπ{-Ø˛ Pramada:

Vasudha:

Many (positive) - more (comparative) most (superlative)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Positive: The wickets we took last time were

(at least) as many as we took this time.

Study this: Comparative

(¢Ë’ç éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒJ BÆæ’-èπ◊-†o NÈé-ô’x, éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J BÆæ’-èπ◊-†o-ØËo – áèπ◊\-¢Ëç-é¬ü¿’.)

Ü-öÃ, éÌúÁj-Èé-Ø√™¸ éπç-õ‰ x-EC é¬ü¿’. Positive

éÌúÁj-Èé-Ø√™¸ (éπFÆæç) Ü--öà Åçûª x-í¬ Öçô’çC. A, B éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’, Åçõ‰ B (éπFÆæç) A ûÓ Ææ´÷†-´’E éπü∆?– É™« comparative †’ç* positive éÀ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC. Ééπ\úø comparative ™ not Öç-C, 鬕öÀd positive ™ not ®√ü¿’.

4) They were no greater than Charan.

Chandra is not taller than Tara = Positive: Tara is (at least) as tall as Chandra. At least

î√-™« ≤ƒ®Ω’x ´C-™‰-Ææ’hçö«ç– ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’. ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: Positive degree adjective ´·çü¿’ so/as, positive degree ûª®√yûª as ®√´ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-í∫ü∆? Å®·ûË, positive degree ™ not Ö†o-°æ¤púË, ü∆-E ´·çü¿’ so é¬E,/as é¬E- ¢√úøû√ç. positive degree ™ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ü∆-E ´·çü¿’, as ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. So ¢√úøç. a) He is not so/as tall as his brother-

Éçü¿’™ not ÖçC. 鬕öÀd é¬F é¬F ¢√úøû√ç.

Positive: Kiran and Charan were (atleast) as great as they.

(éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝-©’ éπ-FÆæç -¢√-∞¡xç-ûª íÌ°æp-¢√-∞Ïx) 5) The pitch this time was not faster than the pitch last time (not faster - not + comparative) Positive: The pitch last time was (at least) as fast as the pitch this time

b) He is as clever as his brother-

ÉD positive degree. Å®·ûË Éçü¿’™ not é¬F, no é¬F ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-´©x clever ´·çü¿’ as ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç, so ¢√úø-ôç- ™‰ü¿’. ÉC î√-™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç. Now let us study the following sentences from the conversation between Vasanth and Hemanth at the beginning of this lesson. 1) Hemanth: Our game yesterday was no better than last sunday's

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J °œ-î˝ èπÿú≈ Ñ≤ƒJ °œ-î˝ Åçûª ¢Ëí∫-¢Á’içüË) 6)

The Warangal team is no more a problem for us than yesterday's team.

(no more a problem - no + comparative) Much (positive) - more (comparative) - most (superlative)

(´÷èπ◊ ´®Ωçí∫-™¸ -öÃç E†oöÀ -öÃç éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Ææ´’Ææu- é¬ü¿’)

Positive: Yesterday's team was (at least) as much a problem for us as the warangal team

(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´÷ Çô éπçõ‰ E†o ´÷ Çõ‰ç ¢Á’®Ω’-í¬_-™‰ü¿’.)

(E†oöÀ -öÃç, ´®Ωçí∫-™¸ -öÃç Åçûª Ææ´’ÊÆu ´÷èπ◊ = ûªèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’) – Åçõ‰ ´®Ωç-í∫™¸ áèπ◊\¢Ëç é¬ü¿’ ÅE.

(no better - no + comparative) Positive: Last Sunday's game was (at least) as good as our game yesterday =

7)

Our captain is more confident than I (am) captain comparative, not Positive not

Ø√éπçõ‰ ´÷ éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´÷ Çô èπÿú≈ E†o ´÷ Çôçûª ¶«í¬ ÖçC (éπFÆæç) 2) Our score this time was not higher than that

Kiran and

(¢√∞¡Ÿx – ¢Ë’ç éÌûªhí¬ BÆæ’èπ◊-†o¢√∞¡Ÿx, éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝ éπç-õ‰ íÌ°æp Çô-í¬∞Ïxç 鬮Ω’). Ééπ\úø äéπ ÆæçüË£æ«ç ®√´îª’a – -´’Ê£«-≠ˇ, Ææ-B-≠ˇ, -éÀ®Ωù˝, -Ω-ù˝ – Éçûª ´’çCE îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’, ÉC È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿u §ÚLéπ ᙫ Å´¤-ûª’-çü¿-E. Å®·ûË ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-LqçC– Ééπ\úø à äéπ\JØÓ, N’í∫û√ ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿-JûÓ §Ú©aôç ™‰ü¿’. ´’Ê£«-≠ˇ, Ææ-B-≠ˇ – ORx-ü¿l®Ω’ 1st set. -éÀ®Ω-ù˝, -Ω-ù˝ – ORx-ü¿l®Ω÷ 2nd set. Ééπ\úø comparison Ñ È®çúø’ sets of players èπ◊. 鬕öÀd, DEo È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿u §ÚL-éπ-í¬ØË BÆæ’éÓ¢√L.

b) Comparative:

´·çü¿’,

≤ƒn†ç™ £æ«K≠ˇ ÖØ√oúø’)

(؈’ ´÷

Exercise: Practise the following English

207

I appreciate your confidence

positive degree. tall so as

Ææ’Í®-≠ˇ

Positive: I am not so (as) confident as our captain.

Ñ≤ƒJ ¢Ë’ç-- BÆæ’èπ◊-†o NÈé-ô’x éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒJ NÈé-ôx éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\¢Ëç 鬴¤.

Kodaikanal is at least as cool as Ooty =

ÉC •ü¿’-©’í¬/≤ƒn†ç™.

In place of Suresh

(

last time.

û√®Ω éπçõ‰ îªçvü¿ §Ò-úø-´¤-é¬ü¿’.

(

In place of =

éÀç-ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ ´’†ç È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ØË (´‚úø’ N≠æߪ÷©’ é¬èπ◊çú≈) §Ú©aôç ᙫíÓ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ØË §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ 1) Superlative Öçúøü¿’. 2) Comparative ™ not ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ positive ™ not ´Ææ’hçC. 3) compare îËÆæ’h†o ´Ææ’h-´¤© positions ´·çü¿’èπÿ ¢Á†éπèπÿ û√®Ω’-´÷-®Ω-´¤-û√®·. Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ last lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆! É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ:

2

´Ææ’hçC.

áèπ◊\´ N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ -ÖØ√oúø’ – ™‰èπ◊çú≈, 鬕öÀd ™

Åçûª-Ææ-Jí¬_ (proper) ™‰ü¿’. é¬E Ø√ vúÁÆˇ F ü∆-E éπçõ‰ êK-üÁ-èπ◊\-´. Åçü¿’Íé ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o. Vasudha: Å™«çöÀN ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√-®·™‰. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. Å®·ûË, Ééπ\-úø’†o ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿J -vúÁÆæ’-™x FüË î√-™«- Åç-ü¿çí¬ Öç-ü¿-E ØËE-°æp-öÀéà ņ’èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Pramada: N†-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. é¬E ÅC Eïç é¬ü¿’. Vasudha: Éçûª- E-ñ«-®·--Bí¬ ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ ™‰†’. Answer: Pramada: How beautiful your dress is! Vasudha: (It is) not more beautiful than yours. Pramada: Certainly my dress is not as/so attractive as yours. My selection is not so as proper as yours, but my dress is more expensive than yours. That makes me sad. Vasudha: Such things happen. Don't worry. But I still feel that yours is the best of the dresses of all those/ the people here. Pramada: Good to hear that, but it is not true. Vasudha: I have never been so (as) truthful / honest as I am now.

v°æ¨¡o.

'Æœçõ„é˙q— Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å©ç-é¬-®√-™‰Ø√? ¢√öÀ í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’ç-úÕ. à¢Á’iØ√ v°æûËuéπ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√oߪ÷? èπ~◊ùoçí¬, Ææ’-©-¶µºçí¬ ÖçúË °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. – áÆˇ. ®√ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü.˛ Syntax Åçõ‰ Å©ç-é¬-®√©’ é¬ü¿’. Syntax Åçõ‰ English ™E ¢√é¬u™xE ´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ (order of words - à ´÷ô ´·çü¿÷, à ´÷ô ûª®√yûª ®√¢√L)†’ í∫’-Jç-*-† E•ç-üµ¿-†©’. É°æpöÀ ´®Ωèπÿ ÉEo lessons ™†÷ -ûÁ-L°œç-C ÉüËéπü∆? OöÀE í∫’Jç-* English story books, Magazines ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç*, Newspapers (English), °ü¿l †´-©©’ ™«çöÀN îªü¿-´ôç ´©x English ¶«í¬ ´Ææ’hçC.