Sept ('06)-2 - Spoken English

-•’-üµ¿-¢√®Ωç 6 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Tarun: Hi Saran, you are not the earliest to class, are you?

(Åçü¿-J-éπçõ‰ class èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ´*açC †’´¤y é¬ü¿’-í∫ü∆?) Saran: Sarika and some others were earlier than me. I was not later than they (were)/them by more than ten minutes.

(≤ƒJéπ, ÉçéÌç-ü¿®Ω’ Ø√éπçõ‰ ´·çü¿’ ´î√a®Ω’. ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ ؈’ °æC EN’-≥ƒ© éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ Ç©Ææuç é¬ü¿’.) Tarun: Sarika isn't always the earliest to come

? (á°æ¤púø÷ ´·çü¿®Ω ´îËa ¢√∞¡x™ ≤ƒJéπ Öçô’ç-C-éπü∆?)

Saran: No, she isn't. In fact, she is not among those who are the earliest.

(é¬ü¿’. ûªy®Ωí¬ ´îËa-¢√-∞¡x™ x ÅÆæ-™«¢Á’ Öçúøü¿’.) Tarun: You were thinking of buying a bike. You had better buy now. It is on sale at a discount and is cheaper than before.

(†’¢ËyüÓ bike éÌØ√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o´¤ éπü∆. É°æ¤púË é̆ôç ´’ç*C. Discount ™ Å´·tûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Éçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰ É°æ¤púø’ éπ.)

a) Madanapalle is not the coolest place in A.P = Adjective - the coolest - degree superlative sentence superlative not sentence

Å®·ûË Ñ ™ ´·çü¿’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ñ Å®Ωnç: Ççvüµ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸™ ´’ü¿-†-°æ™„x Åûªuçûª xE v°æü˨¡ç é¬ü¿’ ÅE éπü∆. Åçõ‰, ´’ü¿-†-°æ™„x éÌEo Éûª®Ω v°æüË-¨»-©-éπØ√o x-E-Cé¬ü¿’ ÅE– ÉC comparative.

Madanapalle is not cooler than some other places in A.P.

DEéÀ

Åçûª x-EN.

2. I was not early as Sarika and some others.

Sarika and some others were earlier than me. sentence)

I was not the earliest.

3. It was not as cheap before as it is now.

It is cheaper than before sentence)

No superlative.

4. Some others are always as early as Sarika.

Sarika is not always earlier than some others.

Sarika is not always the earliest. sentence)

5. It is not as cheap as it was earlier.

It is not cheaper now than before.

It is not the cheapest now. sentence)

6. Some other brands are going to be as cheap as this. sentence)

This is not going to be cheaper than some other brands.

This is not going to be the cheapest of brands.

7. The bike is not as important for me as some other matters.

Some other matters are more important for me than the bike now. sentence)

The bike is not among/ not one of the most important matters for me.

8. No other matter has as little priority as the bike.

The bike has less priority than any other matter

The bike has the least priority now. sentence)

-á.°œ.™ éÌEoîÓô’x ´’ü¿-†-°æ™„x

b) That is not the tallest tree in the garden.

(Ç ûÓô™-E ÅEo îÁôx™ ÅC áèπ◊\´ §Òúø-¢ÁjçC é¬ü¿’) – not the tallest (not + superlative)
The tree is not taller than some other trees in the garden.

(Ç ûÓô™ N’í∫û√ éÌEo îÁôx-éπØ√o ÉC §Òúø-¢ÁjçC é¬ü¿’) not taller than some other - comparative.
Some other trees in the garden are as tall

c) Some other novels are as good as 'You only live Twice'

(éÌEo Éûª®Ω novels, 'you only live Twice' Åçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ö«®·)

M. SURESAN

Saran: Moreover some other matters are more important for me than the bike now.

(ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ bike éπçõ‰ ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ´’J-éÌEo ÖØ√o®· Ø√èπ◊.) Tarun: (So) you mean a bike has the least priority now.

(Åçõ‰ F v§ƒ´·-ë«u稻™x ü¿ç-ö«¢√?)

bike

*´-J-

DEéÀ

comparative

"you only live Twice" is not better than some other novels ('You only live Twice' novels

éÌEo Éûª®Ω

éπçõ‰ Åçûª ¶«Ííç Öçúøü¿’).

superlative 'You only live Twice' is not the best novels. (You only live Twice' novel

ÅEo-öÀ™ Öûªh-´’-¢Á’i†

é¬ü¿’)

Now look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. 1) You are not the earliest to the class. 2) Sarika and some others were earlier than me.

Saran: There are other more important matters.

3) It is cheaper than before. 4) Sarika is not always the earliest to come.

(ÅE é¬ü¿’. é¬E Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†N ´’J-éÌEo ÖØ√o®·.) Tarun: When you decide to buy just let me know. I know the dealer. We can get some concession.

5) It is not the cheapest now. 6) Some other brands are going to be as cheap as this or even cheaper. 7) Moreover some other matters are more

(†’´¤y éÌØ√-©E E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰®·. Ø√éÓ dealer ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´’†èπ◊ é¬Ææh ûªT_ç°æ¤ üµ¿®Ω-éÌ-Ææ’hçC.) Saran: Thank you.

9) there are other more important matters.

You observe that the conversation above has mostly negative sentences. There are, among them, superlatives, comparatives and positives too. Now before we study them look at the following sentences.

Spoken English

important for me than the bike now. 8) ... the bike has the least priority now?

All the sentences above are more or less the same pattern.

Åçõ‰ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† not the best/ greatest, etc èπ◊ Ææç•çCµç-*-†N. OöÀéÀ other degrees îª÷ü∆lç.

(É*a†

(É*a†

(É*a†

(É*a†

(É*a†

(É*a†

(É*a†

(É*a†

[little (positive) - less (comparative) - least (superlative)] 9. Some other matters are as important as this.

There are other more important matters than this. sentence)

As good as - degree - positive

It is cheaper than before (Å´¤ØËx. ´’J-éÌEo company © bikes Éçûª -í¬_†÷ Öçö«®·, Éçé¬ îª´-í¬_†÷ Öçö«®·.)

You are not earlier than some others to class.

Some other places in A.P. are as cool as Madanpalle =

(ûÓô-™E éÌEo îÁô’x, Ç îÁôdçûª §Òúø´¤Ø√o®·.)

Tarun: Yes. Some other brands will then be as cheap as this or even cheaper.

superlative You are not the earliest to class. sentence)

1. Some others are as early to class as you.

as the tree.

(É°æ¤púø’ Åçûª ûªèπ◊\-¢Ëç-é¬ü¿’. Éçé¬ îª´-éπ-´¶-ûÓçC. ÉçéÓ ØÁ™«-í∫’û√.)

comparative

positive

positive:

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 209

Saran: It is not the cheapest now. It is going to be cheaper still. I'll wait for another month.

2

äéπ ´·êu-N-≠æߪ’ç í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ: É™« äéπ degree †’ç* ÉçéÓ degree éÀ ´÷®Ωaôç ã exercise í¬ practice îËߪ’ôç ´©x confusion ûª°æp Spoken English improve é¬ü¿’. O’®Ω’ regular í¬ Å´-鬨¡ç üÌJ-éÀ-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x English ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-®Ω-†’-éÓçúÕ, Å°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’èπ◊†o ¶µ«¢√Eo, Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÃd, à degree ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒp™ O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. English Ŵ鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø™«x ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´·êuç. É´Fo ¢√ôçûªô Å¢Ë ûÁL-Æœ-§Ú-û√®·. îªü¿-´ôç ´©x èπÿú≈ ÉçTx≠ˇ ´Ææ’hçC.

(É*a†

This is not the most important matter.

Rahul: That's true. But once he regains form, very few of us can play as well as he.

(Eï¢Ë’. é¬E ´’Sx form ™ éÌî√a-úøçõ‰ ´÷vûªç ´÷™ à éÌCl-´’çüÓ Åûª-†çûª ¶«í¬ Çúø-í∫©ç) Sindhu: Wish him the best. Look at the following sentences from the conversation above: 1) You played the best of all. 2) You scored more runs than any other member of your team.

Now study the following conversation:

3) ... I could not bowl as well as Ganesh.

Sindhu: Congrats Rahul, your team won the match yesterday. You played the best of all. You scored more runs than any other member of your team.

4) He took more wickets than I did.

(-E-†o O’ team ÈíL-*çC. Åçü¿-J™ †’´¤y ¶«í¬ Çú≈´¤. N’í∫-û√-¢√-∞¡x-éπØ√o †’¢Áy-èπ◊\´ °æ®Ω’-í∫’©’ B¨»´¤.) Rahul: Unfortunately, I could not bowl as well as Ganesh. He took more wickets than I did.

(ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª÷h Ganesh Åçûª ¶«í¬ bowl îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Ø√éπçõ‰ Åûª-ØÁèπ◊\´ wickets BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’) Sindhu: Your captain played the worst of all. His single digit score shows that.

(Åçü¿®Óx Åüµ∆y-†çí¬ ÇúÕçC O’ Èé°dØË. ÅûªE äéπ ÅçÈé score ü∆EéÀ û√®√\ùç) Rahul: He hasn't been in form of late. Otherwise he plays better than most of us.

(Åûª-F-´’üµ¿u Åçûª form ™ ™‰úø’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´÷™ î√™«-´’çC éπçõ‰ Åûª†’ ¶«í¬ Çúøû√úø’.) Sindhu: But he didn't play so well in the earlier match either.

(é¬F Åûª†’ Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ match ™†÷ Åçûª ¶«í¬ Çúø-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆)

5) Your captain played the worst of all. 6) ... he plays better than most of us. 7) But he didn't play so well in the earlier match either. 8) ... very few of us can play as well as he.

°j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ èπÿú≈ §ÚL-éπ-©’-Ø√o®· éπü∆– ÅFo ûª®Ω-ûª´’ ¶µ‰ü∆©†’ í∫’JçîË. Å®·ûË Ñ sentences ™ ´Ææ’h-´¤©/ ´uèπ◊h© í∫’ù-í∫-ù«-©†÷, ≤ƒ´’-®√n u-©†÷ é¬éπ ´uèπ◊h© °æEB®Ω’†’ §Ú©’-Ææ’h-Ø√o´’E í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. äÍé °æEE Éü¿l®Ω÷, Åçûªéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´uèπ◊h©’, äéπ-J-éπçõ‰ ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ ¶«í¬ î˨»®√, ûªèπ◊\´ î˨»®√ ÅØËC §Ú©’-Ææ’hØ√oç. Åçõ‰ ÉC comparison of adverbs, comparison of adjectives é¬ü¿’. Åçõ‰ degrees of comparison, adjectives Íé é¬èπ◊çú≈, adverbs èπ◊ èπÿú≈ Öçô’ç-ü¿-†o-´÷ô. É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ´’†ç study îËÆ œçC comparison of adjectives.Ééπ ´·çü¿’ ´’†ç °æJ-Q-Lç-îËC, degrees of comparison of adverbs. (adverb

Åçõ‰, verb ûÁLÊ° °æE ᙫ ïJ-TçC ÅE ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç) You played the best of all - Ééπ\úø verb, played = Çú≈´¤. Ç Çúøôç ᙫ ïJ-TçC? Answer: the best. 鬕öÀd best ÅØËC Ééπ\úø adverb.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm