Oct ('06)-10 - Spoken English

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Chandana: Hi Vandana, you appear to have all leisure in the world. I expected to see you busy preparing for the contest tomorrow? Haven't you got to prepare for the debate tomorrow?

(àçöÀ, î√™« Nv¨»ç-Aí¬ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤? Í®°æöÀ §ÚöÃéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤ûª÷ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ Öçö«-´E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Í®°æ¤ F´¤ úÕ¶‰-ö¸èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√yL éπü∆? All the leisure/ all the time in the world =

î√™« BJéπ/ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçúøôç. They have all the time in the world to go for a second run =

È®çúÓ °æ®Ω’í∫’ BÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬴-©-Æ œ-†çûª Æ洒ߪ’ç ÖçC. Debate = úÕ¶„-ß˝’ö¸ (¶„ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Vandana: I've had enough of it. I'm bored. I'm prepared well enough, I suppose. What about you?

(î√©’ ¶«•÷. NÆæ’-Íí-Ææ’hçC. ¶«í¬ØË ûªßª÷-®Ω-ߪ÷u-†E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. F Ææçí∫-ûË-N’öÀ?) I've had enough = Ééπ î√©’. ´’†èπ◊ î√©’, Ééπ Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÅE-°œç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, I've had enough Åçö«ç é¬Ææh NÆæ’-í∫’ûÓ.

´’†ç 'have (has)' í∫’Jç* ÉC-´-®Ω-éπöÀ lessons ™ î√™« N≠æ-ߪ÷™‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç í∫ü∆. Have (has) èπ◊ spoken English ™ î√™« v§ƒ´·-êu-´·çC. î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅEo ¢√úø-鬩÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊çõ‰, conversation ™ 30% î√™« easy Å®·-§Úûª’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’ôç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Have (has) í∫’Jç* ´’†-éÀ-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’: 1) I, we, you and they ûÓ 'have' ¢√úøû√ç. He, she and it ûÓ Å®·ûË has ¢√úøû√ç. 2) have/ has èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– éπLT Öçúøôç. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®·ûË äéπ-JéÀ àü¿-®·Ø√ (´Ææ’h´¤, í∫’ùç, ¢ÁjêJ ™«çöÀN) Öçúøôç. a) I have a car= Ø√èπ◊ car ÖçC. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ؈’ car éπLT ÖØ√o†’ ņç éπü∆) b) She has beautiful dark hair=

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† †©xE èπ◊®Ω’-©’-Ø√o®·. É™« äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ í∫’ùç/ ¶µ«´ç etc Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ British English ™ have/ has èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ have got/ has got ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. a) My cousins have a lot of property= My cousins have got a lot of property

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Chandana: Haven't they got to consult people who know? So what's the big idea in announcing the topic so early?

Vandana: Participants will mug up their speech at the contest.

(§ƒ™Ô_-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√∞¡x Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒLo •öÃd°æõ‰d≤ƒh®Ω’.) mug up= •öÃd °æõ‰d-ߪ’ôç. mug èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆, handle ÖçúË í¬xÆæ’©’. Mug Åçõ‰ ´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç, ØÓöx í∫’úøf©’ èπ◊éπ\úøç. Chandana: They have got plenty of time to get the help of others too.

(Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ Æ洒ߪ’ç Öçô’çC) Vandana: Haven't we got to attend the special class this afternoon? (É¢√y∞¡ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç ´’†ç ÂÆp≠æ™ ¸ é¬xÆæ’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL éπü∆?) Chandana: I have got to, but you needn't. You have got an 'A' grade, so you don't have to.

(؈’ ¢Á∞«xL, †’´y-éπ\-Í®xü¿’. Fèπ◊ A grade ´*açC. Åçü¿’-éπE †’´¤y ®√†´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’) Vandana: Thank God. Thank you for the news.

£æ«´’t, •A-éÀ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.)

Chandana: You're welcome.

Spoken English

™

§ƒú≈L=

¢√úÕ-†îÓôx ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√öÀéÀ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´-îªaE Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌØ√oç. ã Çïcèπ◊ ™•úÕ/ Å´-Ææ-®√Eo •öÀd/ NCµí¬ ã °æE-îËߪ÷-Lq-Öçõ‰ °j forms ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆. DEéÀ opposite í¬, 'îËߪ’-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ needn't

(need not)/ don't need to/ haven't got to/ hasn't got to/ don't have to/ doesn't have to 1) I have to meet the minister X I needn't meet the minister/ I don't need to meet the minister/ I haven't got to meet the minister/ I don't have to meet the minister

= Mustn't you prepare/ shouldn't you prepare for the debate? 2) I haven't got to (prepare for the debate) = (Debate prepare I needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to

ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo äéπõ‰.

èπ◊)

鬆´Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ =

ÅE

èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. 3) Haven't they got to consult people who know? = (Question have got Don't they have to 4) Haven't we got to attend the special class? = Don't we have to attend ... ?

ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L éπü∆? ™ èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-Ææ’hØ√oç, Ééπ\úø) = ņ-´îª’a.

I've had enough b) Sumithra has an excellent voice= Sumithra has got an excellent voice.

Ñ Å®Ωnç (éπLT Öçúø-ôç)ûÓ am having/ is having/ are having forms ¢√úøç, äéπ\ bath N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûª°æp. 3) have/ has= (ǣ慮Ω °æü∆®Ωnç) BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = A†ôç/ û√í∫ôç

5) I have got to = I have to (I need to

É´Fo èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-éπ™  Ö†o¢Ë. àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. British English ™ haven't got to/ has n't got to Hadn't got to didn't need to/ didn't have to

áèπ◊\´ N†-°æ-úø’ûª’çC. é¬Ææh Å®Ω’ü¿’. ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’

ņ-´îª’a.) ÉO negative questions ™

coffee

BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’ (û√í∫’-û√®Ω’)

b) Sanjana has tea in the afternoon =

Ææçï† ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç tea BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC.(û√í∫’-ûª’çC) Ñ Å®Ωnç (BÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç = A†úøç/ û√í∫-úøç)ûÓ am having/ is having/ are having ¢√úøû√ç. I am having tea now because coffee isn't available = coffee

™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd tea û√í∫’-ûª’Ø√o. A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have got/ has got ®√ü¿’.

[have + past participle/ has + past participle have/ has, have got/ has got have + past participle, has + past participle present perfect tense forms.

Ñ È®çúø÷

1)

M. SURESAN

Let us look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. 1) Haven't you got to prepare for the debate tomorrow?

EXERCISE Practise the following aloud in English.

éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿-öÀ-†’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æE. í∫ûªç™ Å®·-§Ú-®·† °æE – Time îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, 3) just, just now ÅØË ´÷ô-©ûÓ ¢√úÕ, É°æ¤púË Å®·§Ú-®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊, ¢√úøû√ç– í∫’®Ω’hç-C-éπü∆.]

Tarun:

4) have to + Ist Regular Doing Word/ has to + Ist Regular Doing Word (have to go, have to work, has to do, has to come) must

Tarun:

2)

OöÀE èπ◊ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ äéπ Çïc†’í¬F, Å´-Ææ-®√-Eoí¬F NCµí¬ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE-E-í¬F ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E éÀçü¿öÀ lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. É™«çöÀ Å®ΩnçûÓ have to / has to + Ist Regular Doing Word have got to + Ist Regular Doing Word (RDW) / has got to + Ist RDW

¢√úø-´îª’a.

have got to/

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’. •ü¿’©’ need to èπÿú≈

¢√úø-û√®Ω’. (É°æp-öÀéÀ O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. Have to/ has to/ had to èπ◊ opposite í¬ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ haven't to/ hasn't to/ hadn't to ®√ü¿’. I haven't to go/ she hasn't to come ņç.)

OöÀéÃ, °j† îÁ°œp† èπÿ à Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’.

ÅE èπÿú≈

don't have to/ haven't you to

äéÓ\-≤ƒJ have to ¢√úø-´îª’a. a) ؈-éπ\úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«}™« É°æ¤púø’? =

Have I go to there now?/ Do I have to go there now?/ Do I need to go there now?/ Need I go there now?/ Must I/ should I go there now?

a) They have coffee in the morning=

•ü¿’©’, ¢√öÀûÓ Ææ´÷-†çí¬ (

Í®°æöÀ

(éπ©-´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’).

¢√∞¡Ÿx §Òü¿’l† (ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-î√L ´’J. Åçûª ´·çü¿-Ææ’hí¬ topic v°æéπ-öÀç-îªôç™ ¢√∞¡x ÖüËl¨¡ç àN’öÀ?)

231

Ééπ\úø negative question ™ have got ¢√úøéπç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ñ question ™, †’´¤y Í®°æ¤ debate èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω-¢√y-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆? ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈®Ω’. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ mustn't (´’ÆˇØ˛d) èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. shouldn't èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞«xL.

(éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L)

(؈’ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-鬆éπ\Í®xü¿’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx √a稡ç Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ Éaç-ú≈LqçC é¬ü¿’.)

(Å´¤†’. Åçûª ´·çü¿’ v°æéπ-öÀç* Öçú≈-LqçC é¬ü¿’. ´éπh %ûªy §Úöé’ (Debate contests) E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-ôç™ ¢√∞¡x-éπçûª ņ’-¶µº´ç Ö†oô’x ™‰ü¿’.)

a) I have to go now = I have got to go now. b) Sujani has to sing at the party tomorrow = party Sujani Sujani has got to sing at the party tomorrow. Have to/ has to, have got to/ has got to must/ should

¢√úøû√ç.

Chandana: I haven't got to, either. They shouldn't have given the topic so much in advance.

Vandana: Yea. They shouldn't have. They don't seem to have got much experience of conducting debate contests.

2

†’Ny-°æ¤p-úÕç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-†-éπ\®Ω-™‰ü∆? Varun: Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. FûÓ Øˆ’ certificates attestation

èπ◊ ®√¢√™«? Fèπÿ Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆? Varun: Å´¤†’. ´’®Ω-îË-§Úߪ÷. Ø√N èπÿú≈ attest îË®·ç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å´Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. Tarun: ´’†ç office ™ °æCçöÀéπ™«x Öçú≈L éπü∆? Varun: Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. °æü¿-éÌçúÕç-öÀéÀ ¢ÁRûË î√©’.

b)

Have they to come here?/ Do they have to come here?/ Do they need to come here?/ Need they come here?

¢√Rx-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√¢√-Lqç-üËØ√? =

É´Fo ´’† conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ practice îËÊÆh, ´’†ç daily life situation ™ English üµ∆®√∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©ç.

ANSWER Tarun: Haven't you got to/ Don't you have to/ Don't you need to/ Needn't you/ Mustn't you/ shouldn't you go home now? Varun: I needn't/ I don't need to/ I don't have to. Need I/ should I/ must I accompany you for attestation of certificates? Tarun: Don't you need to/ Don't you have to get your certificates attested too. (You need to have your certificates attested too) Varun: Oh. I forgot. I need to/ I have to get my certificates attested too (must/ should

èπÿú≈ ¢√úøçúÕ)

Tarun: Haven't we to be/ don't we have to be/ Needn't we be/ Don't we need to be/ mustn't we be/ shouldn't we be at office by 10? Varun: We needn't be / We don't need to be/ We don't have to be/ We haven't got to be. (simple Not necessary). It is enough if we are there by 11.

í¬

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm