Mtk Vol3 No5
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Mtk Vol3 No5 as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 18,441
- Pages: 28
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
2
t,f'w D mtmabmf
vli,fa h -u;rH= k 19 vli,fawG^m%f&zdS @kd vdw k ,f? ^m%f&rdS S t rSeo f rd ,f? ^m%fa&So › mG ;rS vrf;ajzmifrh ,f? ^m%froH;k &if qifuef;awmwd;k tusK;d r&S?d b&rf;bwm vrf;wuma&muf vrf; aysmufwwfw,f? ‘^m%0aEWm urRoad '
^m%froH;k bJ wH;k wdu k w f u kd f irdu k o f m;vky&f if vkyo f r# 'kucQ sn;f jzpfvrd rhf ,f? raumif;r_a&Smif/ aumif;r_aqmif/ jzLatmifpw d u f x kd m;Edik zf @kd ^m%fa&So › mG ;&Syd gap?
wifrkd; 1- 5- 2006 b,fv*s, D rf?
em,mursm; wifr;kd (tar&du) armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs) armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du) wm0efcHt,f'Dwm rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm; rsufESmzHk;'DZdki ;f apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) twGi ;f yef;csDo±kya f zmf aX;opf/ armifatmifvD yHE k y dS f BDA Group
jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/
'DyJ&if; 3 ESpfjynhf tcrf;tem;rsm; usif;yrnf (30-5-2003)ae@wGif ppftm%m¶Siw f @dk . vlrqefaom ,kwrf m&ufpufvyk =f urH }_ u;D ukd cHae&onfh trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmifEAdk ,fvq f &k iS f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKy'f Ok uUÏOD;wifO;D wk@d twGuf toufpeG @f umuG,o f mG ;=u&&Smaom tmZmenfrsm;tm;&nfp;l I ESpv f nfqrG ;f auí;uyfrnft h pDtpOfukd t*Fgae@0wf¶w G t f zG@J u td;k qkcbke;f }u;D ausmif;wGif arv 28 &ufae@ (eHeuf 5;30-10;00 em&Dtxd jyKvyk rf nfjzpf+y;D yl;aygi;f yg0if'gejyKvo kd rl sm;udv k nf; zdwaf c:xm;ygonf? (qufo, G &f ef- 080 5680 0546/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 8171 8465) xd@k twl *syefEikd if t H ajcpku d f jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;tzJ@G uvnf; jrefrmjynfta&;udpEP iS hf 'Dy&J if;ta&;cif;udpP twGuf xda&mufaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tjrefq;kH ajz&Si;f ay;&eftwGuf ar 30(t*Fgae@) ae@vnf 2;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd ukvor*~±;kH taqmuftOD;a&S@wGif o±kyaf zmfvy_ &f mS ;r_rsm;ESit hf wl awmif;qdq k ENjyaºu;a=umfrr_ sm;udv k nf; xdxad &muf&mufjyKvyk o f mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf nae 6;00 em&DrS 6;45 rdepftxd xdak e@ xdt k csed w f iG f usq;kH oGm;aom ol&aJ umif;tmZmenfy*k Kd~ vrf sm;twGuf 0rf;enf;jcif;txdr;f trSwt f aejzifh yef;pnf;csjcif;/ ,H=k unf&mbmomtvdu k f qkawmif; arwWmyd@k jcif;rsm;udv k nf; etztcGe±f ;kH a&S@wGijf yKvyk rf nfjzpfa=umif;od&&dS onf?(qufo, G &f ef- 090 4964 9718/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 3682 2028) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
3
*syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
a'0l;ukr`%Dtm; &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf(jynfy)u ukd;&D;,m;oH±kH;a&S›wGif qef‹usifqENjy jrefrmEkid if &H dS &ckid yf ifv,fjyiftwGi;f rS wl;azmf&&Srd nfh obm0"gwaf iG@rsm; tm; tdE, dN Ekid if EH iS w hf ±kwEf idk if o H @dk wify@dk a&mif;cs&ef tm%m&SifppftkyfpkESifhyl; aygi;f +y;D &if;ES;D jrKyEf aHS eaom a'0l;ukr` %Dtm; qef@usiq f ENjyonfh v_y&f mS ;rl ukd 2006 ckEpS /f {+yD 18 &ufae@wGif Ekid if H aygi;f 20 ausm&f dS uk;d &D,m;oH±;Hk rsm;ESihf a'0l;ukr% ` . D ±k;H rsm;&S@wGif qENjyrlrsm; tm; w+yKd iw f nf;jyKvyk o f mG ;&ef xkid ;f Ekid f iHtajcpku d /f csi;f rkid +f rKd @&Sd &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pD tzGJ@csKyf(jynfy)u wkdufwGef;Ekd;aqmf xm;&Syd gw,f? 18 &ufae@u wku d sK+d rKd @/ rdemrdtZbkrmS tqdkygwkdufwGef;Ekd;aqmfxm;onfh &Sw d hJ awmifu;dk &D;,m;oH±;Hk a&S@rSm nae twkid ;f *syefEikd if w H iG f 2006 ckEpS /f {+yv D 3;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd a'0l;ukr`
wdkufyJGrSatmifyJGodk‹ wdu k yf GJ wdu k yf GJ wdu k yf [ GJ m atmifyGJ wdu k Ef ikd o f l odr;f Edik o f u l omatmify?GJ wdu k yf GJ wdik ;f wyg; jynfy&efr[kwf ud, k jhf ynfol ud, k t hf rsK;d om;csi;f ud, k ahf qGrsK;d ud, k ahf rmifErS awGe@J axG;vS;D um oliga&m,SuEf iS hf wdu k af ewJh 'Drw kd u kd yf ?GJ wdu k yf u GJ akd r#mu f m=unfh ar#mv f ifch suaf wGe@J wdu k yf GJ óuwifumapmifah ewmjynfol used ;f aowmu wdu k yf u GJ Akd ef;jy &efo[ l mtykyaf umif a&ay:pDcyfpm;ae=uwmrsm;ae&ifjzifh twWuzkd ufw, G f tm%mrS,pfr;l 'Dwu kd yf jGJ ynfou l pdwyf suf jypfrr_ sm;jym; t&dyrf w J ap>ajcmufovdk trnfcH'Drdkbufawmfom; aorxl; aerxl;eJ@ ajrjr‡KyfcH&rSmtrSef? ? a=umufuefuef &efvakd eol npfnrf;pGmjyK&ufpufyu kH rdrrd mS vnf; trSm;ruif; urBmwcGif Edi_ ;f &ufz, G rf &Sd trSm;udkjyif trSefodk@jyif vlrsK;d jcm; =ocsvu kd w f ,f? &ifxrJ mS euf±i_d ;f um jyif;&Spw d "f gw/f nD!w G pf mG jzifh tm%m&Sit f m; wdu k =f u&if;jzpf wdu k yf rGJ S atmifyq GJ o D @kd ? ?
Edik (f Arm)
%Dtm; jrefrmEkid if rH S tjrefq;Hk jyefvnf xGucf mG oGm;&ef awmifu;dk &D;,m;tpk;d & taeESihf tav;eufxm;aqmif±u G af y; zk@d awmif;qkq d ENjyoGm;cJ=h uygw,f? awmif;qkq d ENjyyGu J dk &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pD tzG@J csKy(f jynfy)*syefrS OD;pD;jyKvyk o f mG ; wmjzpf+yD;/ qENjyawmif;qkdolrsm;[m awmifu;dk &D;,m;oH±;Hk a&S@wGif *syef&rJ sm; . wif;usyaf omvkjH cKaH &;atmufwiG f cufcufccJ aJ e&m,lIqENjycJ&h +y;D / uk;d &D; ,m;ukr% ` D jrefrmjynfuxGuo f mG ;qkd wJh aºu;a=umfoHrsm;ukd t*Fvdyfvkd awmif;qkcd +hJ y;D A[kt d vkyaf umfrwD/ & ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzG@J csKy(f jynfy)uxkwaf 0 wJh‘jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f tqdyyf ifuadk & avmif;aeaom a'0l;ukr% ` t D m; jyif; xefpmG qef@usifuef@uGu=f uyg&ef E_;d aqmfwkdufwGef;jcif;’pm&Gufrsm;tm; *syef-t*Fvdyf-jrefrm okH;bmomjzifh jzef@a0oGm;wmukd awG@&S&d ygw,f? &wemyku d v f idk ;f wnfaqmufpOfu ppftyk pf . k vlrqefonf&h ufpuf,w k f rmrlrsm; ckid v f aHk omoufaotaxmuf txm;rsm;ESihf wifjyxm;aomrSww f rf; rsm;ukd www.earthrights.orgwGif =unfh±_Ekdif+yD;/ ,ckvuf&Sdtaumift xnfazmfvyk af qmifaeaom"gwaf iG@wl;
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
azmfrl owif;tcsut f vufrsm;ukd a±$ obm0"gwaf iG@pDru H ed ;f qef@usio f rl sm;&J@ www.shwe.org tifwmeufpmrsuf ESmrSmvnf; avhvm=unf±h E_ idk yf gw,f? a±$obm0"gwaf iG@pDru H ed ;f ua'0l;eJ@ etzppftkyfpk[m a':vmoef;aygif; rsm;pGm 0ifaiG&&Srd mS jzpf+y;D tJ'u D xGuw f hJ obm0"gwaf iG@awGudk tdE, dN eJ@w±kwf wk@d u t+yKd it f qkid f 0,f,al e=uwmjzpf ygw,f? tckprD u H ed ;f tapmykid ;f umvu o bm0"gwaf iG@awGudk b*Fvm;a'h±EfS idk if H ukjd zwfum tEN, d ok@d o,f,rl ,ft h pD tpOf&cdS ahJ yr,fh tdE, N eJ@ b*Fvm;a'h±fS ndE‡ i_d ;f r_tqifrajyr_awGa=umifh aemuf ykid ;f rSm ppftm%mykid af wGu w±kwjf ynf ukad &mif;csz@dk pDpOfc+hJ y;D ayguaf ps;xufydk rk0d ,f,cl w hJ ,fv@dk vnf; od&&dS ygw,f? tckq&dk if jrefrmhobm0"gwaf iG@aps; uGux f J ±k&mS ;uyg0ifa&mufvmcJ+h y;D jref rmppftm%mykid af wGtaeeJ@ wkid ;f jynf &J@&wem"gwaf iG@awG a&mif;cs&mu &&Sd vmwJt h usK;d tjrwfudk ppfwyftwGuf om tok;H jyKrmS jzpfa=umif; a0zefoaH wG vnf; us,u f s,af vmifavmif =um; ae&ygw,f? ausmfausmfEidk M f TK
4
Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
5
Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
jrefrmjynfa&Sc› &D;ES;D aESmaqG;aEG;yJG usif;yjyKvkyf a=u;rHOk ;D aomif;*syefvmrnf jrefrmEkid if . H qk;d 0g;,k;d ,Gi;f aeaom tajctaersm;ESihf tusyt f wnf;aygi;f pk=H uKaH wG@ae&aomjy\emrsm;ukd ajz &Si;f &eftwGuf ‘jrefrmjynfa&Sc› &D;’acgi;f pOfjzifh ES;D aESmaqG;aEG;yJw G &yfudk {+yv D / 26 &uf (Ak'[ < ;l ae@)u *syefEidk if /H wku d sKd +rKd @rSm&Sw d hJ *syeftvkyo f rm;or*~±;Hk t aqmuftOD;wnf&&dS m Shoyo Kikan 'k wd,xyfrmS ae@vnf 12;00 em&DrS n ae 5;00 em&Dtxd Burmese Democratic Force in Japan, Japanese Trade Unions of Confederation (JTUC, RENGO), People`s Forum on Burma (PFB)wk d @ u OD ;
aqmifusif;yjyKvkyfoGm;cJh+yD; tcrf;t em;rSL;tjzpf Mr. Shogo Watanabe (PFB)u wm0ef,a l qmif±u G u f m OD;a±$ b(Mr. Hisao Tanabe PFB)u jrefrm bmomjyeftjzpf aqmif±u G cf o hJ nf? nDvmcHudk *syefEidk if &H dS Ekid if w H umoH ±k;H rsm;rSot H rwfrsm;/ oH±;Hk t&m&Srd sm;/ *syefEkdifiHEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh *syefvGwfawmftrwfrsm;/ w&m;a&; qkid &f mrSy*k K~d vrf sm;wufa&mufc=hJuonf? nDvmcHudk tcsdefESpfydkif;cJGIaqmif ±GufcJh=u+yD; wufa&mufoltiftm; 500 ausm&f adS =umif;od&&dS onf? nDvm cHwiG f awmif;qkcd su(f 4)csuu f dk wifjy
jynfyEdik if aH &muf (3) a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf Ekid if aH &; j r ef rmpma&;q&m tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vk;H ukd c|if;csufr&Sd owif;pmq&m csufjcif;vGwaf y;&ef? rsm;xJwiG f 0gt (4) NLD.tqkjd yKcsuu f dk etzu bm &if hqHk;uavmif r#w@Hk jyefjcif;r&Su d jrefrmhta&;ukd ukv &Si/f ,ae@xd rsuf vkjH cKHa&;aumifpo D @dk w&m;0ifwifjy+y;D arS m ufacwf jrefrmh'D EkdifiHwumtv,frSm aqG;aEG;zkd@vkd k a&pDa&;tajctaersm;udk pOfquf vm;a=umif; wifjyawmif;qko d mG ;&efw@dk rdu rjywfa0zefa&;om;oHk;oyfaeqJjzpf jzpfonf? (ausmfausmfEikd M f TK) aom xufjrufaomuavmif&iS /f jref rmppftm%m&SifrSefor#udk uavmif vufeufe@J &J&J awmufwu kd yf 0GJ ifvsuf &S d a om q&m}uD ; a=u;rH k O D ; aomif ; (atmifAv) touf&Spfq,fjynfhESpf 1? ArmhacwfrSa=u;rHkodk@ a=u;rHOk ;D aomif; 2500 ,ef; txdr;f trSwt f jzpf pmayeJ@'Dru kd a&pD 2? 'Dru kd a&pD &JxËG f 1000 ,ef; cspfjrwfEdk;olrsm;ESifh a[majymawG@qHk 3? ocifEdkifiHawmf wifarmifoef; 1000 ,ef; aqG;aEG;&ef *syefEikd if o H @kd Zlvikd v f wGif 4? jrefrmEdkifiHrSxdkif;EdkifiHodk@ vkyftm;ajymif;a±$@r_ (NDD) 1000 ,ef; a&muf&rdS nfjzpfygonf? 5? wifr;kd uAsmaygi;f csKyf wifr;kd 2500 ,ef; tqdyk gyu GJ kd pnfum;odu k òf rufpmG jzifh 6? ndK;EGr;f =u,f(rSww f rf;"gwyf )kH ,mrmrdw k kd 2000 ,ef; twlwuGy;l aygi;f usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf 7? u&ifb h 0"avh armifpif=u,f 1000 ,ef; ‘jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD’zJG@&ef arv 8? ordkif;opfcGyfa'gif;(oDcsif;acG) tZ…Ke 1000 ,ef; 14 &uf(we*FaEG)ae@/ nae 6 em&DrpS 9? jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;jyKaumfrwDrw S w f rf;(NLD-LA) 1000 ,ef; wifum bmbmblwmteD;&Sd &Dqdkif 10? wkww f jywf/"g;wjyufum;wGerf sm;(0vH;k -rzrf;rcsi;f wdu k sK)d 500 ,ef; u,fpifwm 4 xyfwiG f tpnf;ta0; 11? cGyfa'gif;tvHac:&modk@ wifr;kd 500 ,ef; ac:xm;a=umif;vnf;od&&dS onf? 12? 2005 ckEpS f wdu k sKt d wmo}ueF f (xGe;f a0) 800 ,ef; tao;pdyo f v d ydk gu13? 2005 ckEpS f oDwif;u|wyf aGJ wmf (ausmfausmfEdkif) 800 ,ef; 090 6035 4197 / 090 8567 6976/ 14? a':pk(60)jynfharG;ae@AD'D,dkrSwfwrf; (apmode;f -MTK) 1200 ,ef; 080 5680 0546 / 080 1059 4589 G I f pHpk rf;ar;jref;Edik yf g 15? 88 &J@ tvGr;f a0'em (ABSDF) 1000 ,ef; rsm;od@k qufo, 16? ,mawmuomaAsm (zdk;oHacsmif;) 1200 ,ef; a=umif;?
oGm;cJ+h y;D ‚awmif;qkcd surf sm;rSm(1) NLD.jynfaxmifpak e@xkwjf yef csufudk etztaejzifh tjyKoabmESihf ajz&ef// (2) ,ck etzvkyaf eaom nDvmcHuhJ ok@d r[kwb f J tjcm;'Dru dk a&pDtiftm; pk/ wkid ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;yg 0ifwhJ tajccHEidk if aH wmfz@JG pnf;ykOH ya' opfuadk &;qG&J ef?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw f u kd w f iG f 0,f,El ikd f aompmtkyrf sm;ESihf rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm;
etzowif;trSm; 'Drdkua&pDorm;rsm;=um;rSm[mojzpf 2006 ckEpS /f arv 5 &ufae@xkwf etzydik f a=u;rHo k wif;pmxJwiG f jynfy a&muf'rD u kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udk ‘t =urf;zuftzsuform; jynfajy;rsm; onf Edik if aH wmfrwnfr+ird jf zpfap&ef/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ xdcu kd yf sujf ym;ap&ef ESihf trsm;jynforl sm; xdcu kd af oaus ysufp;D qH;k ±_;H ap&eftwGuf jynfwiG ;f od@k azmufczGJ supf ;D a&;tzJ@G rsm;apv$wu f m vlpnfum;&mae&mrsm;/ ul;oef; oGm; vm&mae&mrsm;/ EdkifiHawmfzHG@òz;wdk; wufa&;tajccH taqmuftrkH sm;wGif
azmufczGJ sufp;D r_rsm;jyKvky&f eftwGuf jrefrmjynfwiG ;f xJo@kd vlvw $ I f apcdik ;f xmonf[kod&a=umif;/ ‚wdk@&&Sd aomowif;w&yft& FTUBtzJG@rS armifarmif(c)jynfopf!eG @f a0/ NDD ode;f 0if;/ rif;'ifEiS hf KNUwyfr[m(6) wyfr[mrSL;a[mif;a±$qikd ;f wd@k av;OD; onf {+yv D 28 &uf naeydik ;f wGif xdik ;f Edik if /H rJaqmufòr@&Sd FTUB±H;k Y vd@_ 0Suf awG@qH=k ua=umif;/’ tp&So d jzifh rw&m; pGypf aGJ &;om;xm;onfuakd wG@&ygonf? pmrsufEmS 13 od@k « rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
6
twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;
q&maZmf*sDEiS fh vlxOk ;D vS 'D
(vlxO k D;vS)
aqmif;yg;rSm q&maZmf*sD eJ@ vlxk OD;vS pma&;q&m=u;D ESpOf ;D &J@ jrefrmhpm aywd;k wufa&; yl;wGaJ qmif±u G cf suw f ck udk azmfxw k w f ifjycsiyf gw,f? rEWav;uvlxOk ;D vSša':trm/ &ef ukeu f q&maZmf*s/D q&mrif;ok0%fw@kd [m usaemfw@kd rScD t kd m;xm; av;pm;=u &wJh ausmufxD;r¾dKif}uD;awGjzpfyg w,f? ta=utnm wae&mpDae=uay r,fh pma&;aya&;/ Edik if t H a&;wd@k rSm q &maZmf*sD[m rdwfaqGOD;Ek/ OD;oef@wdk@ eJ@twl 'Drdkua&pDjyef@yGm;a&;vkyfief; rsm;udk tm;oGev f yk af eygw,f? q&m }u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f uvJ 'Dru kd a&pD a&;/ +ird ;f csr;f a&;wd@k twGuf tpGr;f ukef tm;xkwaf eygw,f? vlxOk ;D vSuawmh q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f &J@ v_y&f mS ; r_c&D;pOf/ rde@f cGe;f / w&m;yG/J a=unmcsuf pwmawGukd "gwyf aHk wGe@J wuG vlxo k wif;pmrSm rSww f rf;wifazmfjycJyh gw,f? vlxkOD;vSu q&m}uD;ocifudk,f awmfrid_ ;f ud, k w f idk af &G;cs,pf pD Of+y;D xkwf a0zdk@ wm0efay;vmwJh av;csKd;aygif; csKy/f uAsmpmtky}f u;D udk 1955 ckEpS rf mS xkwv f u kd yf gw,f? qufvuf+y;D awmh vJ a'gi;f ÉDumopf/ bdKG i;f aumufÉu D m/ Akv d Éf u D m ponfw@kd udk jyefvnf±u kd Ef ydS f xkwaf 0ygw,f? q&maZmf*su D vJ 1955 ckEpS rf mS yJ o cifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f ÉDumudk xkwv f u kd yf g w,f? q&m}u;D &J@0wWKwkd uAsmwk@d udk zGiq hf w kd hJ pmpk jzpfygw,f? tJ'D pmtkyef @J pmayAdrmefq&k cJyh gw,f? pmqdek @J pm/ b 0eJ@uAsm wGzJ ufavhvmcsupf mtkyt f jzpf jrefrmpmayorkid ;f rSm yxrqk;H xl; xl;jcm;jcm;ay:xGufvmwJh pmay*k%f
(armifpGrf;&nf) ajrmuf pmtkyw f tkyjf zpfa=umif; pmay ork d i f ; ynm&S i f / &ef u k e f w uU o d k v f ausmif;tky}f u;D OD;azarmifwifu jrefrm Edik if /H okawoetoif;*sme,fuae t *Fvyd b f momeJ@ a0zefcs;D usL;pma&;om; cs;D jri‡ w hf mudk cH,cl &hJ ygw,f? q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f &J@ t wWKyw ` u dW kd udv k ekd aD cwfu a&;om;jyKpck hJ ol OD;ode;f azjrifu h vJ “usaemfrpGr;f Edik f wJt h vkyu f kd pGr;f aqmifEikd o f l ay:ayguf vmvdk@ 0rf;ajrmufa=umif; æ”a&; om;*k%jf yKygw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f udAk [dx k m;+y;D q&m aZmf*seD @J vlxOk ;D vSw@kd [m +ird ;f csr;f a&;eJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDa&; yifra&pD;}u;D xJrmS aygi;f pnf;yg0ifc=hJ uygw,f? q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;[m 1964 ckEpS rf mS uG,v f eG yf gw,f? ppftm %m&Sipf epf xlaxmifol Adv k af e0if;[m 1962 rSm 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&udkzsuf+yD; tm%modr;f vdu k ±f rHk u jynfoal wGu wcJeufqENjyawmif;qdak ewJh jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;udv k J ydwq f @kd zsuq f ;D ypf+y;D +ird ;f csr;f a&;awmif;qd=k uwJh acgi;f aqmif awGukd zrf;qD;ESyd pf ufaxmifcs/ udu k ;dk u|e;f yd@k wmawG qufwu kd v f yk yf gw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&;acgif;aqmif EdkifiHa&;o rm;awG/ owif;pmq&mawG pma&;q &mawGtm;vkH;u b}uD;ocifudk,f awmfr_dif;acgif;aqmifwJh jynfwGif;+idrf; csr;f a&;tzG@J rSm yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;aeolawG csn;f jzpfygw,f? 'Dvt kd csed rf sK;d rSm “igr aocif +idrf;csrf;a&;&oGm;wmjrifcsif ouGmæ”vd@k wzGzw G rf;wa&±Gw&f if; q&m}u;D uG,v f eG cf w hJ m jzpfygw,f?
q&m}uD;&J@wynfhawGudk zrf;qD; axmifcsaecsed rf mS vlxOk ;D vSe@J q&maZmf *sw D @kd [m wd@k Armtpnf;t±k;H 0ifocif a[mif;}u;D awGe@J twl q&m}u;D &J@psmy etcrf;tem;udk y'krRmuGif;}uD;rSm OD; aqmifusi;f ycJyh gw,f? vlxOk ;D vSu q &m}u;D &J@trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;v_y&f mS ; r_O;D aqmifcyhJ Hk Edik if aH &;b0udk txl;jyK a[majym+y;D / q&maZmf*su D q&m}u;D &J@ pmayawGukd zGiq hf akd [majymcJyh gw,f? q&mrif;ok0%fu av;csK;d }u;D awG udk acwftvdu k pf pD Of+y;D zGiq hf &kd if; q&m zGiq hf w kd hJ av;csK;d wyk'cf si;f udk OD;okc/ OD; &efatmif/ a±$Oa'gif;/ tckqdyfurf;t rwf a':pef;pef;&J@zcif t+ird ;f pm;&Jt&m &SOd ;D baomf/ Zm*em&J@zcifeef;!$e@f aqG/ a':apmrkn H if;pwJh ynm&Sirf sm; pmqdk rsm;u &Gwq f =kd uygw,f? jidrf;csrf;a&;yGJzsuf/tm%modrf;csdef rSm Akv d af e0if;u zrf;vm;qD;vm; vkyf aewJ=h um;u q&m}u;D &J@psmyemtcrf; tem;udk &J&J0Hh0HhOD;aqmifr_ay;cJh=uol awGxrJ mS xdyq f ;Hk uwGzJ ufyg0ifol q &maZmf*seD @J vlxOk ;D vSw@kd udk tjro J wd& +y;D *g0&jyKz@kd usaemfw@kd rarh=uygb;l ? ckvkd trsK;d om;pmayacgi;f aqmif}u;D ESpOf ;D jzpfwhJ q&maZmf*seD @J vlxOk ;D vSw@kd [m usaemfw@kd rsK;d qufopfvil ,f awG pmayavmuxJuakd &mufvmwJu h mv usrS wGrJ =d uw,fv@kd wcsK@d uxifae=u ygw,f? 'Dtcsu[ f m vk;H 0rSm;ygw,f? 'Dq&m}u;D ESpOf ;D [m usaemfw@kd rarG;cif uwnf;u pmayxrf;yd;k }u;D udk 0Je@J ,m/ twdik ef @J tvSnhf twlxrf;cJ=h uolawG jzpfygw,f?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
(q&maZmf*sD)
OD;vS[m 10 wef;ratmifcif &ef uket f pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;om;b0 rSmuwnf;u q&maZmf*sDwdk@udkarG; xkw&f m +rKd @rausmif;udk vli,frsm; }u;D yGm;a&;toif;/ pnf;±kH;a&;taeeJ@ t }udrf}udrfvma&mufaqmf=ocJhw,fvdk@ ‘ib’0wWKa&;q&m}uD;armifxifbGJcH owif;pmq&m}u;D OD;xifzwfu trSwf w&a&;om;cJzh ;l ygw,f? 1933 ckEpS u f sawmh aemifvx l Ok ;D vS jzpfvmr,fh }u;D yGm;a&;OD;vS[m vli,f rsm; wd;k wufa&;udk tav;xm;+y;D }u;D yGm;a&;r*~Zif;udk xkwaf 0ygw,f? olukd wuUov kd w f ufz@kd olrb d u axmufyhH wJhaiGudk wuUodkvfwufcsifwJholi,f csi;f twGuf ay;vku d +f y;D olu, kd w f ikd u f awmh jrLeDpy,f&;Hk }u;D rSm &mjzwfpma&; 0ifvyk &f if; wzufu }u;D yGm;a&;r*~Zif; udx k w k af 0wmyg? 'Dtcsed rf mS &efuek w f uUov kd x f u J xkwaf 0wJh *E
7
Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;
ausmif;aqmifolrtkef;/ rtrmwdk@vJ a±$w*d b Hk &k m;&ifjyif a[majymqENjyyGrJ mS yg0ifc=hJ uygw,f? wuUov kd rf mS q&m jzpfae+yjD zpfwhJ q&maZmf*seD @J rif;ok0%f wd@k vJ ºua&muf+y;D atmfwpkd mtkyx f rJ mS trSww f &tm;ay;uAsmawG cs;D jri‡ chf =hJ u ygw,f? }u;D yGm;a&;OD;vSuvJ pma&;q &m}u;D r[maqGe@J ºua&muf tm;ay;cJh =uygw,f? tJ'DacwfOD; EdkifiHa&;ppfrsufESmrSm uwnf;u aZmf*s/D rif;ok0%f/ OD;vS/ a': trmwdk@[m trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aoG;pnf;cJ=h uyg+y?D tJ'g usaemfw@kd rarG; cifuwnf;uyg? q&maZmf*sDausmif; om;b0u &efukefwuUodkvfe,fajr twGi;f rSmxkwaf 0wJh *E
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
8
e,fpyfowif;
e,fpyf'kuQonfpcef; wpntrwfcdkvH_ pkxuf({+y 2D 2/ 2006) etzaxmufvSrf;a&;awGu e,f pnf;rjcm;q&m0efrsm;toif;rSm tvkyf vkyaf eol u,m;jynfe,f/ zm;aqmif; +rdK@e,f/ wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD(wpn)v$wfawmftrwf OD; apmom±l;wl;ukd &efoel @J yl;aygi;f w,fqdk +yD; pGyfpGJumzrf;qD;r,fvkyfwJhtwGuf tJ'w hD pntrwf[m xkid ;f -jrefrme,f pyf’bJuavmh‘'kuo Q nfpcef;ukd xGuf ajy;wdr;f a&SmifvmcJw h ,fv@dk 'kuo Q nf pcef;wm0efcw H OD;uajymygw,f? “[kwyf gw,f/ usaemfu h dk 'Dru kd a&pD orm;awGe@J aygi;f w,fv@dk pGypf +JG y;D zrf; r,fvkyfvkd@ xGufajy;vmwmyg? +yD; awmh etz&J@ zG@J pnfyt Hk ajccHOya'a&; qGaJ ewJh trsKd ;om;nDvmcH[m 'Dru dk a& pDenf;vrf;uswJh nDvmcHrjzpfovkd wkid ;f &if;om;awGtwGuf bmwckrS tm rcHcsurf &Sw d hJ nDvmcHjzpfw,fv@dk cH,l vkdufwJhtwGufvJ wpneJ@ vrf;cGJcJh wmygæ”vkd@ wpntrwfOD;apmom ±l;wl;uajymygw,f? OD;apmom&l;wl;[m bJuavmh'u k Q
onfpcef;ukda&mufvmayr,fh ol@ ukd,fol wpntrwfwa,mufvkd@r ajymbJ omrefvw l OD;vkad e+y;D 'kuo Q nf pcef;/ pmoifausmif;rSm ausmif;q&m tvkyv f yk cf w hJ ,fv@dk od&ygw,f? “wpnygwDqkd ppftpkd;&&J@vuf ukdifwkwfqkdwm vlxkuvufcHxm; w,f? wu,fvJ ppftpk;d &&J@ ay:vpD ukd taumiftxnfazmfae&+y;D vGwf vyfrr_ &Sw d yhJ gwjD zpfw,f? 'gah =umifh vl xk o abmxm;uk d a pmif h = unf h z k d @ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f omrefvlwa,muf vkad e&wmygæ”vk@d OD;apmom±l;wl;u ajymygw,f? ausmif;q&mb0eJ@ 'kuo Q nfpcef; rSmaeaecku d f u,ef;trsKd ;om;pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J u,m;jynf e,f/ z,fc+Hk rKd @e,f/ jynfo@l vGwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f OD;cGerf mukb d ef;eJ@awG@cJh +y;D jynfytajcpku d f jynfo@l v$waf wmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@(MPU)eJ@ t quftoG,&f oGm;cJw h m jzpfw,fv@dk OD; cGerf mukb d ef;uajymygw,f? “2003 ckEpS rf mS usaemfe@J e,fpnf;
RUBY
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
ywåjrm;pm;aomufqdkif
ae‹vnfpmt0pm;(Adkufuif;) ¥900 - ygwDyrGJ sm;udk vl 30 txd txl;pDpOfay;ygonf=ae&mus,u f s,0f ef;0ef; =oef‹oef‹&Si;f &Si;f =t&om&Sw d hJ =jrefrmtpm;tpmeJ‹ =tm&Stpm;tpmpHk =pm;oH;k &if;tyef;ajzEdik b f ‹kd
{nhcf yH t GJ wGuf ywWjrm;udq k uf 03 3204 5121 ygwDyJGrsm;twGuf
¥2500 ESihf ¥ 3000 MENU &Syd gonf? bD,m/ 0DpuD/ qm0gESi hf tcsKd&nf
(0Jr, S m)OD;apmom±l;wl;ESiOhf ;D cspfwif("gwfyu kH kd acwfòyifrS ul;,lazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf)
rjcm; q&m0efrsm;toif;eJ@awGygw,f? tJ'rD mS usaemftvkyv f yk cf w hJ ,f? olw@dk awGu aq;cef;awGziG zhf @dk jyifqifwt hJ wGuf usaemfu armfcs;D tygt0if u ,m;jynfe,fpyfawGrmS pm&if;awGjyKpk ay;w,f? 'gupdk pfwyfu usaemfu h dk &ef ol@e,fajrxJrmS &efoel @J yl;aygi;f w,fqdk +y;D pGypf cJG w hJ mygæ”vk@d OD;apmom±l;wl; u ajymygw,f? OD;apmom±l;wl;[m 1974 ckEpS u f p vk@d rqvygw&D @J oufwef; 3 ckxd +rKd @ e,fjynfol@aumifpDOuUXwm0efukd xrf;aqmifco hJ jl zpfygw,f? 1985 uae 1988 ckEpS t f xd u,m;jynfe,f/ ygwD ,l e pf O uU X wm0ef u k d ,l c J h y gw,f ? 1990 a&G;aumufyrJG mS u,m;jynfe,f/ zmaqmif;+rdK@e,fuae wpnygwDu ae a&G;aumufyJG0ifcJ+hyD; trwftjzpf a&G;aumufccH &hJ oljzpfygw,f? tJ't D csed u f zm;aqmif;+rKd @e,f a±G; aumufyrJG mS ,,m;jynfe,fvrl sKd ;aygi;f pkH 'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyu f OD;apmode;f / t rsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyu f OD;awmif }u;D / OD;Ek 'D§+ird ;f tzG@J u OD;vS+ird ;f wk@d eJ@ ,SOf+ydKifcJh+yD; wpnygwDu OD apm om±l;wl;u trwftjzpf a±G;aumufcH cJ&h wmjzpfygw,f? a&G;aumufyrJG mS trwftjzpf ta&G;
cHcJh&wm[m wpnygwDukd vl}udKuf rsm;wma=umifrh [kwb f J OD;apmom±l; wl;ukd u,m;vlrsKd ;awGu av;pm;wm/ ol@&J@ wkid ;f &if;om;awGtay: apwem xm;vkyaf qmifcw hJ mawGe@J ol@&J@±k;d om; wJw h idk ;f &if;om;awGtay:rSm vkyaf qmif ay;cJw h v hJ yk &f yfawGa=umifv h @dk OD;cGerf mukd bef;uajymygw,f? “usaemf[m uk, d w hf idk ;f &if;om;awG usef;rma&;twGuf e,fpnf;rjcm;q &m0efrsm;tzG@J eJ@ vufwt JG vkyv f yk cf hJ w,f? tef*sDtadk wG&@J rlabmiftwkid ;f Ekid if aH &;eJ@uif;atmifae+y;D tvkyv f yk cf hJ w,f? wkid ;f &if;om;ta&;aqmif&w G f wmukd &efoel @J yl;aygif;w,fv@dk qkw d hJ etz&J@oabmxm;a=umifh usaemfw@dk wkid ;f &if;om;awGudk apwemxm;w,f qkw d hJ ppftpk;d &ukd oHo,jzpfrw d ,f” vk@d OD;apmom±l;wl;u ajymygw,f? v&SdtcsdefrSm OD;apmom±l;wl;[m jynfytajcpku d f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, dk f pm;vS,rf sm; tzG@J &J@rl0g'awGudk avhvm ae+yD; tJ'DtzGJ@eJ@ vufwGJtvkyfvkyf oGm;zk@d pDpOfaew,fv@dk ajymygw,f? r=umao;rDuvnf; rif;vSòr@e,f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;cspf wif v nf ; vG w f a jrmuf e ,f a jrod k @ a&muf&v dS ma=umif; od&&dS ygw,f?
tifwmeufay:wGifvnf; zwf±_Edkifyg+yD
toH=unfvifaom KARAOKE pufopf}u;D jzifh jrefrm/ t*Fvyd /f *syefocD sif;pHpk vkH ifvifukd tcsderf a±G;oDqEkd ikd yf gonf?
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f’tygt0if/ awmifu;kd &D;,m;Edik if x H w k f ‘axmifpjk ywif;owif;*sme,f’/ tar&duefEikd if x H w k f ‘yGio hf pf*sme,f’tygt0if NCGUBxkwf‘!Ge@f aygi;f ’owif;v$mwdk@udk atmufygvyd pf mwGif zwf±E_ ikd yf ga=umif;
Ak'[ < ;l ae@ qdik yf w d yf gonf?
http://www.moethaukkye.com
(2)em&D t0aomufEidk yf gonf?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk armif ykn Kye Journal
9
oa&mfpm
yHkajymaumif;wJhudkudk (1) “0vH;k vm; 0vH;k vm;æ” “[m q&marmifyn k vm;æ” “[kwyf gw,f0vH;k &J@æ” “pd;k 0if;&Sed q f q D ufwm oH;k av;&uf&dS +y?D r&vd@k 0vH;k qDqufwmyJu, G æ f ” “ol@owif;r=um;bl;vm;q&mæ” “[,f bmrsm;jzpfovJu, G ?f ajym prf;ygO;D æ” o}uFef&ufuxGufwJh ‘rdk;aomuf =u,f’*sme,fxrJ mS ygwhJ ol@&J@‘*syef&jzL *sDESifhjrefrm'kuQonfrsm;’ aqmif;yg; a=umifh jrefrmawG&SdwJht&yfwdkif;rSm wae&m+y;D wae&m &Si;f vif;yJaG wGvyk f ae&vd@k q&meJ@rawG@wmygq&mæ” “[kwv f m;æ/ 'Doil ,fu‘*syefv0 u’rSmvJ yHak jymaumif;cJ+h y;D +y?D ckvJ wyHk +y;D wyHak jymae&w,faygah væ” “0vH;k eJ@rwlwu hJ o k v k d af ygq h &m&,fæ” (2) “at;av/ olr&Sw d ek ;f 'D*syef&jzL*sD udpu P kd wd@k ESpf a,mufyJ enf;enf;yg;yg; ES;D aESm=u&ifraumif;bl;vm;æ” “aumif;ygw,fq&mæ” “pd;k 0if;&Sed &f @J *syef&jzL*su D zkd wf=unhf
armifykn(-opa-w;vs) awmh tcsuaf ygi;f 10 csuaf vmufukd awG@&w,f? tm;vH;k uawmh apwemeJ@ ygyJæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” “apmaorwf(pf)eJ@ ode;f aiGw@kd vuf xufrmS 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yK wm av;ig;OD;bJ&cdS &hJ mu q,fah v;ig;OD; txdjzpfvm+y;D tck jrefrmwaomif;rSm 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufwm ajcmuf&m txdjzpfae+y;D todtrSwjf yKc&H wJOh ;D a& vnf; wd;k vmw,fqw kd u hJ pd P aumif; vm;raumif;bl;vm;/ 0vH;kH ajymæ” “aumif;ygw,fq&mæ” “*syeftpk;d &[mukvor*~vjkH cKH a&; aumifp0D ifjzpfcsiaf wmh *sezD muGeAf if; &Si;f pmcsKycf sKyx f m;w,f? 'Dawmh ‘rjyef csi&f jzL*sw D if’jzpfvmw,f? uJ aumif; vm;raumif;bl;vm;/ 0vH;k ajymæ” “aumif;ygw,fq&mæ” “*syefrmS &jzL*sw D ifwmudk E_wcf rf;r ple@J / &efrrle@J / etzvufxufrmS jrefrm awGtm;vH;k iwfuek +f y?D *syeftpd;k &u a&vmajrmif;ay;vkyaf y;wJh &jzL*seD @J t
xl;aexdik cf iG q hf rG ;f }u;D avmif;yJrG mS ygoifh ovm;/ rygoifb h ;l vm;/ 0vH;k a& eifu h m wG e f ; vd k ‘igvnf ; av#muf r ,f c sef rxm;eJ@’ayghæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&m/ ody[ f w k u f yhJ gæ” “+y;D awmh0vH;k a&æ pd;k 0if;&Sed af jymo vdyk ?J awmfveS af &;umvqdak wmhu, G /f vlwef;pm;aygi;f pH/k tv$maygi;f pHrk mS t cGit hf a&;orm;awG/ tacsmiform;awG/ ,kwpf t G qH;k olc;kd *sy;kd awG/ a&mausmf awGygr,f? t"du˜u OD;aqmifwJho al wGy/J uJ-'Dval wGukd vufwaGJ c:rvm; rac:blvm;/ 0vH;k ajymprf;æ” “ac:&rSmaygq h &m/ ac:&rSmaygæ h ” (3) “+y;D awmh0vH;k &,f/ eift h &yfu igw h
rdu k af vmuf&w dS ,f? pd;k 0if;&Sed v f pkd w d &f n S f prf;ygu, G ?f bmvJ [dpk mtkyu f ‘a'g rmef[ek /f a'grmef[ek ’f / befaumufe@J =oqDrmS awmh trdu _ yf x kH aJ &muf+y?D at; at; 'kuo Q nfajzqdrk o hJ al wGvJ ‘v0 u’a&Sa› &mufrzS iG =hf unhrf aeeJ@ayg/h [kwf zl;vm;æ” “[kwu f /hJ ody[ f w k u f yhJ gq&mæ” “[kwfwmayghuG,f/ *syefqdkwm u|e;f Edik if /H av#mufwo hJ al wGtm;vH;k udk aecGijhf yKvu kd &f if *syefawGb,fomG ;aer vJ? olajymovdyk J yifv,fxcJ ek q f if;+y;D a&opfajropf&mS &awmhrmS aygæ h ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ” “rwfwyf&yfaewJh ig;&SOu hf av;w pmrsufEmS 12 od@k
«
License No.835
A'cross Travellers Bureau Discount Best Deals Online www.across-travel.com/english
&efuek t f jyefoufouf(Bangkok Transit)ae@csi;f a&muf JAL+Myanmar Airways United Airline Bangkok
¥ 54000(ae@pOf) ¥ 33400~
xGufcGmonfhae‹ &ufay:rlwnfI aps;E_ef;tajymif;tvJ&Syd gonf JCB CARD0ifygu
,ef;oH;k axmifavsmhygrnf?
Map Worldu'f(ATB. Visa(or)Mask0ifyguvnf; ,ef;oH;k axmifxyfI
Air Tickets
Bangkok~Myanmar(toGm;tjyef) Taiwan -United Airlines(toGm;tjyef)
¥ 27000~ ¥ 23000(ae@pOf)
&efue k t f oGm;tjyef Air India+Myanmar Airways(45 fix open) ¥66000(Ak'[ < ;l / pae) ¥ 93000(ae@pOf) JAL+Myanmar Airways( 3 months) Thai Airways(1 months) ¥ 84000(ae@pOf)
Bangkok Transit ae@csi;f a&muf avsmhygrnf? (S Singapore Air+Myanmar Air) ¥ 72000(10 &uf) (JCB Credit CardrSm ausmif;om;vnf;0ifEikd yf gonf) Immigrationod@k roGm;rSD zke;f qufaqG;aEG;wdi k yf ifyg?ava=umif;vdik ;f aygif;pHrk S vufrw S rf sm;udk aps;E_e;f oufompGm&&Sad tmif jrefrmwm0efcrH S ulnaD y;aeygonf? SHINJUKU HEAD OFFICE Tel:03 3340 6749 Shinjuku Here(3)F SHIBUYA OFFICE blwm Here(2)F MC Donald's awmifbuf BIC Camera Khaing War Ko(cd i k 0 f g u ) k d NOVA Lumine xG uaf yguf Tel:03 5467 0077 Kosyu Kaido taemufzuf xGuaf yguf
First Kitchen
RISONA BANK
MEJI DORI
BUS TERMINAL
TK Shibuya Higashi Bldg 3F 1-14-14 Shibuya,Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo. 150-0002
Shibuya blwm acG;±kyf xGuaf yguf
HIGASHIGUCHI
CitiBank
Eindary Aye(tda¹ENat;)
ydwf&ufr&Sdyg
Oedo Line Shinjuku Sta:
Yamate Shinjuku Bldg 2 F 1-19-6 Nishi shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
av,mOfvufrw S cf udk ±H;k cef;od@k vma&mufay;acs+y;D av;&uftwGi;f av,mOfvufrw S f xkw, f El ikd yf gonf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
10
twd‹k txd
jrwfpGmbk&m;udkawmif;yef;yg. a&;ol-armifoef;0if; xH;k pHtwkid ;f ay;wd;k u pum;qef;wckajymvjyefygonf? aywd;k ? ? jrwfpmG bk&m;udk Armjynfom;wa,muftaeeJ@ igawmif;yef±u kd sK;d &Scd ;kd uefawmhcsifw,fumG æ u|Efyk ?f ? 'grsm;tqef;vkyv f @kd ? igw@kd ntdy, f m0ifcge;D ae@wdik ;f &Scd ;kd OD;csaewm bJ? aewdik ;f &Scd ;kd rSmygb[ J mæ aywd;k ? ? Ed;k Ed;k Ed;k Ed;k Ed;k ±d;k ±d;k r[kwb f ;l armif&@J ? olw@kd ud, k pf m;awmif;yefrmS ? olw@kd uawmh awmif;yef&aumif;rSe;f / r[kww f mvkyv f @kd vkyrf eS ;f / rSm;vd@k rSm;rSe;f odrmS awmifr[kwb f ;l ? trSm;trSeaf wmif a0zefyikd ;f jcm;wwfwhJ todtjrifr&S&d mS ygbl;uGm? wu,fv@kd odc&hJ ifvnf; usm;usm;rD;,yf qufvyk af eovm;rodygbl;uGmæ u|Efyk ?f ? igawmhbmrSem;rvnfawmhb;l uGmæ? rif;ajymwJh ‘olw@kd ’qdw k m b,foal wGv´J / b,fuvJ´ bmawGvyk af e=uvd@k vJ´ aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu kd /G yk*jH ynfrmS taemf&xmrif;+y;D awmh apmvl/ usefppfom;/ aywd;k ? ? ighoil ,fcsif;vkyaf e+y;D ‘t’&efaum/ t&dyjf ytaumifxifraS yghæ tavmif;pnfopl wJrh if;awG rif;jyKcJ=h uw,f? a[m tavmif;pnf u|Efyk ?f ? ‘igu taumifjyrSt&dyaf vmufxifwmuG? ihgrsurf eS u f txl}u;D bJ/ olrif;}u;D vufxuf tdrk if;&ifah &mfvmwJt h cg om;awmfe&olu rif;vnf;odom;eJ@æ bd;k ab;awGwnfxm;cJw h hJ *lyx k ;kd xJrmS ol@tazudv k yk =f uo H wfjzwf aywd;k ? ? igajymcsifwmu'Dvu kd /G 'd@k Edik if rH mS vlO;D a& 90µavmufu Ak'b < m vdu k w f ,f? tJ'gbmudjk yovJq&kd if avmbwu,f}u;D vm&if omudu k ;kd uG,=f uw,f? 0ef}u;D csKyfO;D Ekvufxufu Edik if aH wmfbm om;t&if;uvnf; taztart&if;wd@k udk owfypf=uw,fqw kd m omudk Ak'b < momtjzpf a=ujimcJzh ;l w,f? 'gawGxm;ygawmhæ/ udjk ywmbJ? e&ol[m oufO;D qHyikd f bk&ifpnf;pdru f v kd ckd sifwahJ vm Ak'b < mom[m jrefrmjynfukd 11 &mpk taemf&xmrif;vufxuf ba=umif/h wjcm;olawGb&k ifjzpfomG ;rSmpd;k wJh remvdpk w d af =umifh rSm a&mufvmw,fæ tazt&if;udo k wf+y;D olrsm;awGxuft&ifb&k ifjzpfatmif =uw H m u|Efyk ?f ? 'gjrefrmjynfom;wdik ;f odygw,fumG æ ygbJ? owfwt hJ csderf mS awmh avmbeJ@a'gopdwaf =umifah yghumG ? aywd;k ? ? r[kwb f ;l ? tJ'yD *k aH cwfta=umif; enf;enf;ajymcsifv@kd uG? tJ't D -igajymcsifwmu tifrwef,Ofaus;odraf rG@+y;D w&m;ppfw&m;rSejf zpfwhJ aemf&xmrif;vufxufrmS rif;eJ@wuG jynfow l &yfv;kH ax&0g'udk Ak'b < moma&mufv@kd rSr=umao;bl;/ rif;qufav;qufavmufbJ vufc, H =kH unfu;kd uG,cf =hJ uw,f? tifrwefE;l nHord af rG@+y;D avm &Sad o;w,f? wdik ;f jynf&@J t"du&yk*Kd~ vf/ wdik ;f jynf&@J OD;ao#mif/ bk&if uDavmukw&W med,mrw&m;awGe@J jynfv h #rf;aewJb h momyguGm? &J@om;awmfu tazt&if;udo k wfvu kd +f y?D ajymawmh ax&0g'Ak'< twWuykd ,f/ avmu/ a'go/ arm[/ rmeawGy,fapwJw h &m;ygæ bmom0ifw?hJ tJ'aD cwfubk&ifo h m;awmfawG[m rif;q&m/ q&m u|Efyk ?f ? at;yg/ 'gvnf; Ak'b < mom0ifwikd ;f odygw,fuæ G awmfoC H mawmfawGqrD mS avmuDavmukw&W mpmayawGukd avh aywd;k ? ? [kww f ,f/ odwmawmhow d ,f? rusi=hf ubl;uG/ Ak'w < &m;u vuf vmqnf;yl;=u&ygw,f? qdv k w kd mu Ak'w < &m;eJ@ ra0;=uygbl;? awG@usi=hf ut H m;xkw&f rSmt"duuG? ±Gwzf wf&rSmt"dur[kwb f ;l ? &if;&if;ES;D ES;D vufyeG ;f wwD;&S=d uygw,f? 'gayrJh u|Jyg;aqmif;wD;yg omrnomjzpfw,f? tJ'v D rkd usif=h u=H u±Hw k ifrubl;? yg;pyfuAk'< uGm? w&m;uwjcm;/ avmbwjcm;/ jzpfae=uawmh aemif jrefrmh bmom0ifajym+y;D bk&m;a[mwmeJ@ qef@usifzufcsnf;vkyaf e=u ordik ;f wav#mufrmS vnf; avmb/ a'go/ rme/ remvdpk w d af wG wJh bk&m;ykx;kd apwDawGwnf=uwJh wdik ;f jynfO;D ao#mifvyk af e=uwJh a=umifh zatudo k m;uowf/ tudu k n kd u D owf/ owfjcif;rsK;d pHk tzHk bk&ife@J tpd;k &awGuakd jymcsiw f muG? olw@kd tpm; ig&u S w f ,f? olw@kd zHñk ucH &hJ wm ordik ;f udzk wf=unf&h if awG@ygvdrrhf ,fæ tpm; igjrwfpmG bk&m;udk t&rf;tm;emw,f? &Sit f &[Hut kd m;em u|Efyk ?f ? wjcm;Edik if aH wGrmS vnf; tJ'aD cwfu tJ'v D b kd J owfc=hJ uwmygbæ J w,f? taemf&xmrif;}u;D udv k nf;tm;emw,fæ aywd;k ? ? rqdik b f ;l uG/ olw@dk jzpfwm igwd@k eJ@rqdik b f ;l / igwd@k qDrmS bk&ife@J wuG u|Efyk ?f ? ‘[m’ rif;uawmhvyk +f yæ D jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k avmb/ a'go/ arm[/ rmeawGukd csKd;ESrd /f aywd;k ? ? r‘[m’eJ@uG/ jrwfpmG bk&m;[m 'DyuF&mjrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufrmS twWuykd ,f/ tewWqu kd af tmifvyk &f r,fqw kd hJ w&m;udk ud;k uG,f okar"g&Si&f aohb0eJ@ edAmŠ efuakd t;at;aq;aq;0ifEikd w f hJ t&nf qnf;uyfc=hJ uwmuvm;? 'gayrJh wdik ;f jynf&@J OD;ao#mif/ OD;ao#mif&@J tcsif;&Syd gvsufe@J owW0gawGukd u,fwifr,fqw kd hJ r[mu±k%m om;awGu ud@k ±d;k um;,m;vkycf =hJ uvd@k wdik ;f jynfu@kd ±d;k um;,m;jzpfchJ awmfxm;+y;D av;oacsFe@J urBmwode;f / bk&m;jzpfpOfyg&rDawGukd =uwm jrefrmhordik ;f acwfwikd ;f rSm&Scd w hJ ,fuæ G jznhcf w hJ ,f? bk&m;jzpfwt hJ cg apmapmajymwJh avmb/ a'go/ arm u|Efyk ?f ? aeygt;kH / tJ'aD wmh rif;ubmvkyrf vd@k wke;f [awGy,fz@kd 45 0gvH;k vH;k vSnv fh nfw&m;a[mcJw h ,f? tJ'w D &m; aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu kd G igw@kd Armjynfukd Ak'b < momra&muf&if/ rud;k uG,&f if bmjy u Armjynfukd 11 &mpkrmS a&mufcw hJ ,f \emrSr&Scd ahJ yrJh tJ'AD 'k b < momudk taemf&xmrif;vufxufu u|Efyk ?f ? [kwyf g+y/D [kwyf g+y/D qufygt;kH æ p+y;D ckcsdet f xd ,H=k unfu;kd uG,af e=uwJt h wGuf igu ordik ;f w rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
11
twd‹k txd
Moe Thauk Kye Journal aoG;opf rdbrJu h av;ausmif;twGuf axmufyrhH p+ m&if;
av#mufv;kH rSm Ak'j< rwfpmG bk&m;udv k rd cf n hJ mcJw h hJ Ak'b < mom0ifqw kd hJ rif;wcsKd@&J@ twWqefcrhJ /_ Ak'w < &m;eJ@ qef@usifzufusif=h ucH rhJ a_ wGukd tm;emem &Su&f u S ef @J bJ olw@kd ud, k pf m; jrwfpmG bk&m;udk &Scd ;kd OD;cs 0efcsawmif;yefygw,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? [kwyf g+yD [kwyf g+yD 'gq&kd if igygrif;eJ@twl jrwfpmG bk&m;udk olw@kd ud, k pf m; 0efcsawmif;yefuefawmhygw,fæ aywd;k ? ? r+y;D ao;bl;armif/ 'gu twdwt f wGuaf wmif;yefwm/ ypPKy`et f wGuf &Sad o;w,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? b,fvkd b,fvkd vif;prf;ygt;kH æ aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu dk G 'Dv/dk ckacwfrmS vnf; yg;pyfubk&m;bk&m; vufuum;,m; um;,m;eJ@ wdik ;f jynfbÀmpnf;pdraf wG/ o,HZmwawG/ opfawm awGuEkd u _d +f y;D ud, k t hf yd x f x J nfah ewJh wdik ;f jynfacgif;aqmifv@kd ud, k hf udu k , kd w f ifajrm‡ ufae=uwJh olw@kd awG&@J ud, k pf m;vnf; igu bk&m; ukd &Spcf ;kd OD;csawmif;yefygw,fumG ? trdu k t f rJawGu, kd pf m;/ wynfh awmfw@kd jynf oljynfom;rsm;u ‘tpd;k &raumif;/ jynfo h al cgi;f ’qdw k hJ 1962 ckEpS u f ay:vmwJh pum;yHt k & wm0efow d jhJ ynfow l a,muf/ Ak'b < mom0ifwa,muftaeeJ@ jrwfpmG bk&m;udak wmif;yef&cdS ;kd vuf pHrk ;kd ygw,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? 'Dae&mrSm rif;eJ@ig pum;yHu k kd t"dym` ,fazmfyckH si;f rwl=ubl;uGæ aywd;k ? ? rif;u b,fvt kd "dym` ,faumufv@kd vJæ u|Efyk ?f ? igu t"dym` ,faumufwmu tpd;k &raumif; jynfo@l acgi;f qdw k m raumif;wJt h pd;k &[m jynfoal wG&@J acgi;f udk wnfw h nfyh pfw,f? rd;k ay:axmifrypfb;l vd@k qdv k w kd ,fxifwmygbu J mG æ aywd;k ? ? rSev f u kd af vuGm? uJ uJ 'gawGxm;ygawmh? igajymcsiw f mu rif;usihf w&m;q,fyg;xJrmS jynfoel @J rqef@usif&mqdw k hJ tcsufygw,fumG ? jynfoal wGu 1990 ckEpS af ±G;aumufyrGJ mS etzeJ@ etzaxmufcH wJt h zJ@G tpnf;rsm; &yfwef;u&yfygawmh? a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgi;f aqmifwhJ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyu f wdik ;f jynfut kd yk cf sKyyf gawmh vd@k qENraJ y;cJw h mudk jynfo@l qENuq kd ef@usif+y;D rsufEmS ajymifwu kd f +y;D 0ef}u;D csKy&f mxl;/ 0ef}u;D &mxl; tm%mawGtm;vH;k udk vk,x l m; vdu k w f m? wrBmvH;k u 0dik ;f vufnK‡d ;xd;k wmvnf; &Su&f aumif;rSe;f r odb;l ? jrwfpmG bk&m;u t&Sut f a=umufw&m;rsm;&S=d uzd@k a[m w,f? olw@kd u t&Sut f a=umufr&Sb d ;l ? raumif;wm r[kww f m vky&f rSmudk r&Sub f ;l / ra=umufb;l ? tJ ajymawmh ax&0g'Ak'b < m om0ifw?hJ vSLvdu k w f t hJ vSLawGuvnf; renf;ygbl;? [efaqmif awG zde@f zde@f awGvyk af e=uw,fumG æ u|Efyk ?f ? [ 'gq&kd if olw@kd u Ak'b < mom0if ‘tif’}u;D awGaygæ h aywd;k ? ? ‘tif’tpd;k &/ ‘tif’Ak'b < mom0if/ ‘tif’0ef}u;D awGaygu h mG ? tJ'aD wmh 'Drvdrrf ;kd rvdrrf m/ trdu k t f rJ zGwu f sm;tpd;k &u 'd@k jynfojl ynfom; awGqu D bJ aygufzmG ;vmcJw h mbJ? Made in BurmaawGcsnf;yg bJumG ? tJ'aD wmh 'd@k jynfoal wGrmS wm0ef&w dS maygh? tJ'aD wmh ig vnf; igwwfEikd w f zhJ ufuae+y;D wckcv k yk cf sifw,fumG ? igwwfEikd f wmuawmh avmavmq,f 'D‘tif’tpd;k &&J@ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk vdrf vnfvSnfhjzm;+yD; xif&mpdkif;aewmudk igu rdbjynfoleJ@ tpdk;raumif;/ jynf o l @ acgif ; qd k w J h 1962 uay:vmwJ h p um;yH k t & ol w d k @ ud k , f p m; wm0ef&jdS ynfow l a,muf/ Ak'b < mom0ifwa,muftaeeJ@ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk &Scd ;kd OD;cs awmif;yef0efcsygw,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? 'gqkd rif;&J@0efcsuefawmhyrGJ mS iguv kd nf;ygciG jhf yKygæ aywd;k ? ? ygapAsm ygap ygapæ
xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf&dS aoG;opf rdbrJhpmoifausmif;twGuf ysKd;yifpdkufysKd;vdkolrsm;odk‹ xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfa'o/ aemufbmG ;±GmwGi&f o dS nfh ‘aoG;opf’ pm oifausmif;av;onf rnfonft h ultnDaxmufyrhH u _ kd rnfrnf&& r&daS o;bJ a0;vHaom ae&ma'otcufcw J iG f wnf&aSd e+y;D ,cktcg jrefrmEdik if rH S xGuaf jy;vmolrsm; ydrk rkd sm;jym;vmojzifh uav;i,frsm; rSm ydI k ydI k wd;k vmaoma=umifh tcuftcJrsm;/ 'kurQ sm;ajz&Si;f &efrmS tultnDukd ta&;ay:vdt k yfaeygonf?
oifah iG 2000 ,ef;onf cav;i,fwOD;. wvpmausmif;pm;&dwjf zpfygojzifh ynm'ge ukov kd ðf yvdyk gu090 4924 2906/ 090 4128 4725/ 090 4028 3476/ f u kd y f sKd;=uolrsm; yifp {+yDvtwGuf ysKd;yi ,ef; 1˜000 vSLwef;olrsm; - aZmfaZmfatmif/ rrlrlcif/ udkrsKd;atmif ,ef; 2˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- rvJv h 0hJ if;/ armifaomif;xdu k šf rprf;jrifEh , G /f apwem&SiZf eD;armifE/HS ,ef; 2˜500 vSLwef;olrsm;- udak Zmf}u;D ,ef; 3˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udak usmaf usmEf ikd /f udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed /f r0if;0if;at;/ Adkvfaomif;(c)odef;atmif/ udknDnDaZmfšZlZluDwmctdk ,ef; 5˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udak rmifoef@ rwfvvufusefaiG 161˜000(wpfq,fah jcmufaomif;waxmif,ef;wdw)d pkpak ygif; 192˜500(wpfq,fu h ;kd aomif;ESoaf xmifig;&m,ef;) aoG;opfausmif;od@k azazmf0g&DvtwGuf ay;yd@k vSLwef;aiG 30˜000(oH;k aomif;,ef;wdw)d (02-4-2006 wGiaf y;yd@k cJyh gonf)
{+yv D ufusefaiG 162˜500(wpfajcmufEpS if g;,ef;wdw)d rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
12
twd‹k txd r=umcifuusi;f ycJw h hJ tmqD,H Edik f iHjcm;a&;0ef}u;D rsm;tpnf;ta0;ud=k unfh +y;D ud}k u;D ay:wa,mufjzifh pkww f oyf oyfjzpfrad v&J?h jrefrmjynfu AdkvfcsKyfrif;awGudk azsmif;zsaoG;aqmif +y;D vdrmR vmatmif qdkqkH;rr,fqdkwJh tmqD,Hvl}uD;rif; awG[m “usaemfwdk@vnf; bmrSr wwfEdkifygbl;æ”qdk+yD; vufajr‡muf vdu k =f uygyaum? tmqD,aH 'oxJu vlvm;ajrmuf p puFmylw@kd xdik ;f wd@k rav;&Sm;wd@k u olw@kd &Jh pD;yGm;a&;t&if;tjrpfawG a'o wGi;f rSmcdik rf maezd@k twGuf tmqD,q H kd wmudzk efw;D cJ=h uwmvd@k ud}k u;D ay:rSwf om;rdcyhJ gw,f? ta&S@awmiftm&SEikd if H i,fav;awGtzd@k tar&duefw@kd Oa&m yEdik if w H @kd udrk qdx k m;eJ@ tm&Sxu J *syef/ w±kw/f tdE, Nd vdEk ikd if aH wGuakd wmif &if aygifwef;Edkifzdk@ tawmf}uD;vdkaeao; wmr[kwv f m;? wOD;csi;f tm;eJ@r&&if pkaygi;f tm;eJ@}uKd ;pm;&r,fqw kd rhJ el @J tm qD,Hudkxlaxmifwm tusdK;&SdwJhudpP wckyg? Oa&myor*~ykHpHrsdK; a'owGif; EdkifiHtoif;tzJG@awG xlaxmifvm=u wmvnf; wurBmvk;H rSmacwfpm;w,f r[kwv f m;? 'gayr,fah ygah v/ tmqD,u H pD;yGm; a&;udyk J OD;pm;ay;r,fqw kd rhJ el @J zG@J xm;cJh =uavawmh awmifyw H zufy&J w dS ihJ u S f waumifvdkjzpfaeawmhwmaygh? EdkifiH a&;udOk ;D pm;ray;bl;/ wa,mufEikd if H a&;udk wa,mufu0ifrpGuaf =u;qd+k y;D rlcsrSwcf =hJ uwJt h csdeu f tJonfah cgif; aqmifawGujkd yef=unf&h if tm%m&Sif awG/ 'grSr[kwf tm%mudv k uf0g;}u;D tkyx f m;olawGcsnf;jzpfaecJ=h uw,fr [kwv f m;? r[moD,m/ ql[mwd/k vD uGr, f /l rm;ud@k pfqo kd al wG[m tm%m vuf0g;}u;D tkyaf wGqakd wmh wavoH wnf;jzpfc=hJ uwmaygh? aemufawmh ta&S@awmiftm&SEikd if H awGtm;vkH;udk yg0ifatmifpkpnf;cJh=u w,f? Edik if aH wGujkd yef=unf&h if uGejf rLepf v$r;f rd;k wJ/h ppfwvif;u±ke;f xvmwJ/h 'D rdu k a&pDa&;±ke;f uefaewJEh ikd if aH wGcsn;f jzpfae=uwmudv k nf; owdjyKryd g&?hJ jcKH =unfv h u kd af wmh tmqD,[ H m pD; yGm;a&;ucsnehf @J eJ@/ Edik if aH &;uv_yv f v hJ ?hJ
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
uoduatmuftawG;rsm; (15) ud}k uD;ay:
Edik if aH &;udk OD;pm;ray;bl;qdak yr,fh wu,fhvufawG@usawmh EdkifiHa&;r wnf+ird b f J pD;yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd zf @kd rvG,f bl;qdw k m tm;vk;H od=uygw,f? etz udk ausmoyf&ifoyfvyk +f y;D pD;yGm;a&; pm;usux f iG af yr,fh oyfwv hJ ufukd e tzu jyefjyefuu kd af wmh tmqD,cH rsm '%f&m'%fcsufawGeJ@jynfhvdk@? tar&duefe@J Oa&myu etztae eJ@ Edik if aH &;jyKjyifajymif;vJvmzd@k uyxr/ jrefrmEdik if pH ;D yGm;zG@H +zKd ;vmzd@k u 'kw, d vd@k jrifw,f? tmqD,u H etzpD;yGm;zG@H +zKd ; zd@k uyxr/ jrefrmEdik if H Edik if aH &;ajymif;vJ zd@k u'kw, d vd@k jrifw,f? uefe@J Oa&my u etzudk EdkifiHa&;eJ@wGJzufjrifay r,f/h tmqD,u H etzudk pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ wGzJ ufjrifw,f? olw@kd u Adv k cf sKyrf if; awGcsrf;omvm&if ajymif;vJvmr,f vd@k xif=uwmud;k ? tif;-'Dvdkxifwmudkvnf; tqdk; awmhrqdo k mygb;l ? bma=umifq h kd tm qD,aH cgi;f aqmifawGtm;vk;H vnf; ol wdk@csrf;om+yD;rS ajymif;vJcJh=uwm r [kwv f m;? olw@kd vdyk J jzpfr,fv@kd xif ayraygh? etzAdv k cf sKyrf if;awGu ajymif;vJyg w,f? trSefwu,fudk ajymif;vJyg w,f? tJ olw@kd xifovdk r[kww f m av;wckuvGv J @kd ayg?h olw@kd u Edik if w H umuvufcEH ikd rf ,fh [efyefrsKd ;ajymif; vJr,fv@kd xifwm? wenf;ajymawmh olw@kd pwdik rf sKd ;ayg?h olw@kd pwdik q f w kd mu twdu k t f cHEikd if aH &;tzG@J awGxm;+y;D 'Drkd ua&pDu[ kd efjyvky/f Edik if aH &;eJ@ pD;yGm; a&;udw k +JG y;D csKyu f ikd q f w kd phJ wdik af yg?h 'gayr,fh etzu q,f&h pS &f mpk ya' o&mZfpwdkifqDudk ajymif;vJoGm;av awmh tmqD,v H nf; bmvkyv f @kd bm udik &f rSe;f udrk odjzpfawmhwmygy?J wcsdefuawmh tmqD,H[m ol@ udk,fol jrefrmetz&Jh tkyfxdef;olvdk ud, k [ f efjycJah vwmayg?h “pD;yGm;a&;r ydwq f @kd =uyge@J / '%frcwf=uyge@J / oHw
refawGrjzwf=uyge@J usaemfw@kd om; qd;k av;udk cGiv hf w $ af y;=uyg? vdrmR atmif qdq k ;Hk raeygw,f/ r=umcif om;a&$t;kd xrf;jzpfvmawmhrmS ygæ”pojzifh po jzifh om;qd;k tazvkycf =hJ uykrH sm;/ oem;p &mudak umif;a&m? “vkjH cKH a&;aumifprD wifyge@J OD;/ pD;yGm; a&;ydwq f @kd wmawGrvkyyf ge@J OD;/ usaemf wd@k }uw d q f ;Hk rvdu k yf gO;D r,fæ”vd@k ajymqdk +y;D jrefrmjynfomG ;vdu k w f m oaumifh om;awGu xdyaf cguv f w $ v f u kd yf ga&m vm;? rav;&Sm;Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D [m rpfezl;}u;D uGrJ oGm;wmuHaumif;? tckawmh tmqD,HEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef }uD ; rsm;tpnf ; ta0;rS m etzt a=umif;tpD&ifcHawmh tmqD,H&Jh}udK; yrf; r_awG ratmifjrifygb;l vd@k atmuf oH a v;eJ @ ajym&S m ygw,f ? etzu ajymif;vJr_rvkyf&if usaemfwdk@vnf; bmrSrwwfEikd yf gb;l wJ?h udk}uD;ay:pOf;pm;rdwm olwdk@u b,fwek ;f u bmrsm;wwfEikd cf =hJ uvd@k yg vdrfh? tmqD,Hu jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;t ajymif;tvJtwGuf bmawGrsm; xdxd a&mufa&mufvyk cf zhJ ;l vd@k ygvrd ?hf ud}k u;D yHak jymaumif;wJu h u kd rkd S
«
aumife@J wlwhJ u|e;f Edik if *H syefu=kd unf+h y;D twdwu f *syef'¾m&Dwckukd owd&rd w,f0vH;k &,fæ” “ajymjyygq&m&,fæ” “wcsed u f *syefe@J w±kw[ f m nDt udak wGaygu h , G /f wae@oY w±kwjf ynf udktkyfcsKyfaewJh {u&mZfbk&if}uD;u jrefrmjynfuAdv k o f ef;a±$vakd ygu h , G /f t ouf}uD;vmawmh raowJhaq;udk&Sm cdkif;w,fav? raoaq;&SmwJhvlawG vnf; towfcH=u&w,f? tJ'DrSm y nm&S}d u;D wa,mufu raowJah q;udk a0;oxufa0;wJh *syefu|e;f awG&&dS mudk xGuf&Smw,f? ol@vlawGudkvJ ol@ aemuf qifu h q J ifu h v J u kd v f mzd@k tcsed ;f tcsufjyKxm;w,f? ynm&Sd}uD; *syef
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
ay:A[kow k enf;wmjzpfygvrd rhf ,f? udk }uD;ay:rSwfrdwmuawmh tmqD,Hu etzudk oufq;kd &Snaf tmif umuG,f ay;cJw h myJ&ydS g&?hJ tckawmh bmrSawmif rvky&f ao;bl;/ usaemfw@kd vnf; rwwf Edik yf gb;l qdak wmh/ tif; em;vnf&awmh cyfcufcuf? e*du k wnf;u etzu ol@bmom ol rvkyfcsifrudkifcsifrSef;odvdk@ rvkyf vkyaf tmif 0dik ;f 0ef;zdtm;ay;zd@k ajymqdk ae=uwmrSm etzu rvkycf si&f ifr& bl;qdkawmh/ a=omf *smat;ol@tar ±du k w f ZhJ mwfvrf;jzpfyga&mvm;? ud}k u;D ay:uawmh tmqD,u H kd ajym vdu k cf siyf g&/hJ “bmrSrwwfEikd &f ifvnf; bmrSrvkyb f J +ird +f ird x f ikd af eyguGm”vd@k ? Edik if aH &;udpu P kd pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ wwef; wnf;xm;+y;D rajz&Si;f csiaf o;or#awmh tmqD , H v k y f a qmif c suf a wG [ m tlvnfvu kd af eOD;r,fxifyg&?hJ tif;av/ tmqD,HqdkwJh ta&S@ awmiftm&SEikd if aH v;awG[m Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;rSm tl0t J 0l v J @kd yJ atmfwwf ao;awmh tlvnfvdkufwmvnf; r qef;bl; xifyg&?hJ Ò u|ef;a&mufvmwJhtcg aexGuf&mt &yfudktm±Hkpl;pdkuf+yD; *syefEdkifiHtjzpf a=umjimvdu k yf gw,fæ” (4) “udk,fhpdwftxif/ *syefEdkifiHudk a&mufaewJh jrefrmwaomif;[m reD vd$Kif;rSmaecJhwJh jrefrmESpf&moHk;&m avmuf qd;k r,frxifygb;l ? qd;k r,fqkd &ifvnf; *syefuc&D;oGm;pmwef;vdæ k ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ/ ‘*syefrmS c&D;oGm; &wmtifrwef=unfE;l p&myg’q&mæ” “at; at;/ tJ'v D ykd o J abmxm;+y;D *syefrSm&jzL*sDwif&wm &ifckefp&myg? acwfrDSolwdkif; *syefrSm&jzL*sDwif=u onf? tif;aygah v/ tcef@roifch v hJ @kd [dk 'if; [d[ k mjzpfc&hJ ifvJ ajcmufwu kd rf mS avmufuu kd w f mavmufrqd;k ygb;l vd@k tm;ay;pum;ajymcsiw f ,fygu, G æ f ”
13
Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;
Sankei Travel service Special Discount Air Tickets k @kd wvrf;oGm;eSihf toGm;tjyefav,mOfvufrw S rf sm;? urBmEh ikd if aH ygif;pHo
ADZmtrsKd;rsKd;/ [kw d ,fEiS hf jynfwiG ;f av,mOfvufrw S rf sm;? k w f ikd o f wif;yd@k I jyefrnfo h rl sm;twGuf aps;ouf tzrf;cH&olrsm;ESihf ud, omaom jrefrmjynftjyefvufrw S rf sm;/ tzrf;cH&olrsm;twGuf oufqikd f &m Immigrationta&muf yd@k ay;ygonf? f m0efEiS hf a&muf&adS eolrsm;/ *syefjynfwiG ;f ausmif;wufaeolrsm;/ tvkyw jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf pD;yGm;a&;qufo, G v f yk u f ikd af eolrsm;? H @kd tvnftywfjyefvo kd nfh (*syefšjrefrm)rdom;pkrsm;twGuf jrefrmEdik if o SankeirSmom&EdkifwJh txl;aps;oufomaom Thai Airways vufrw S rf sm;? tm;ay;r_taygif;udk aus;Zl;wifvsuf-
ae‹pOf eHeuf 8 em&DrS n 8 em&Dtxd/ we*FaEGEiS fh teD&ufyw d fygonf?
jrefrmwm0efc=H oef‹-uL0if;(jrefrmod‹k r[kw*f syefbmomjzifh) Ginza Swallow Bldg 4 F 1-14-9 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0081 Tel: 03 3564-3456 Fax: 03 3562 3930 e-mail: [email protected] tcsder f a±G;qufo, G v f y kd gu- Cell: 090 9328 4131
Adv k fcsKyf}uD;armifat; tm%modrf;zd@k =uHae+yD « xdk@odk@a&;om;xm;onfhtxJwGif ‘KNUwyfr[m(6) wyfr[mrSL;a[mif; a±$qikd ;f ’qdo k rl mS 2003 ckEpS u f wnf;u uG,v f eG o f mG ;olwOD;jzpfygonf? tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfoufI xkid ;f Edik if H tajcpdu k f jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif; om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D rS ppfO;D pD;y xrwef;wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol udak 0 vif;Zifuakd r;=unh&f m-“olw@kd ajymwJh wyfr[mrSL;a[mif;(Adv k cf sKy)f a±$qikd ;f qdk wm 2003 ckEpS u f wnf;u uG,v f eG f oGm;wm=umyg+y?D 'Dvb dk J jynfwiG ;f rSm&Sd wJh jrefrmjynfoal wGukd vdrv f nfvn S hf zsm;zd@k twGuf 'Dvb kd J r[kwrf w&m; enf;awGe@J 0g'jzef@aewJo h abmygæ” [kajym=um;cJo h ovdk FTUBOuUX OD;vS OD;uvnf; “'gubmudjk yovJq&kd if olw@kd &J@t&nftcsif;udjk ywmbJAs? t a&;}u;D wmu usaemfw@kd tvkyu f kd rSef rSeu f efuefe@J vkyaf ezd@k bJta&;}u;D yg etz[morS
w,fæ”[kajym=um;cJhygonf? xd@k tjyif pma&;q&marmifpif=u,f uvnf; “olw@kd rSm;wm tckrrS [kwyf g bl;? tm%mpodrf;uwnf;urSm; aewJOh pPm? [mowckawmhjzpfwmaygh avæ? xif&mS ;wJOh yrmawGjy&&if *s yefuae olw@kd qDukd ygq,fA;kH yd@k w,f qdw k [ hJ mrsK;d / aemufwcku tckusaemf a&;aewJh ‘rme,fyavmc&D;onf’t cef;qufaqmif;yg;rSmvnf; ygcyhJ gw,f? bmvnf;qdak wmh Adv k rf LS ;pd;k pd;k &J@ wlr awmfol ‘rcsKdEikd ’f udk Adv k rf LS ;pk;d pd;k &J@orD; tjzpfe@J a&;om;azmf jycJw h mrsK;d awGaygh avæ”[k ajym=um;ygonf? etztaeeJ@ jynfya&muf'rD u kd a& pDorm;rsm; touf&n S u f se;f rmatmif r=umr%qdo k vk[ d m',±$iaf q;wdu k f au|;avh&adS =umif;udv k nf; *syefa&muf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;=um;rSm ajymqdk oHawG=um;ae&ygw,f? armif&iS (f bm;rm;rD', D mowif;axmuf)
“oef;a±$ jyD;oGm;jyD” He’s finishedvd@k armifat;±k&mS ;rSmajymcJ?h armifat;-oef;a±$ pdeaf c:yJG r=umcif±p_ m;&awmhrnf In Gen Maung Aye trip in Russia, he said that Than Shwe’s finished.
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
14
Moe Thauk Kye Journal pmtkyt f !$e;f
pifwifonfhrdk;aomuf-u,fpmtkyfrsm;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
pmtkyftrnf- ,mawmuomajAm&J@ ta0;uay;pmrsm; zd;k oHacsmi a&;olcsmif;f wefz;kd - 1200 ,ef; armifoef@
'Dwywf pifwifonfrh ;dk aomuf=u,fpmtkyrf sm;u¾ukad wmh ,mawmuom ajAm&J@ ‘ta0;uay;pmrsm;’qkw d aJh qmif;yg; wq,fih g;yk'u f dk a¶G;xkww f ifjyxm; whJ zk;d oHacsmif;a&;whJ pmtkyu f adk =umfjim&if;eJ@ nGe;f vku d yf gcsiyf gw,f? 'Dpmtkyrf mS q&marmifprG ;f &nfu trSmpma&;xm;ygw,f? tJ'pD mtkyx f u J q&marmifprG ;f &nfa&;om;xm;wJh trSmpmwcsK@d udk wifjy&&if jzif-h “ppfwyfuawmh uav;vl}u;D ra&G; olw@dk ukq d ef@usiaf wmifrS raxmufcH &ifuydk J &efov l o dk abmxm;wmygy?J tzG@J tpnf;qkv d J olw@dk xm;ovkad erS? rae &if&efo?l +rK@d ay:rSmae&if olw@dk udpw P ;Hk &wmodyv f , G v f @dk awmxJarmif;xkw+f y;D w&m;0iftrJvu dk cf iG hf zefw;D =uawmhwmyJ? 'Dvedk @J uAsmav;awGa&; t±kyu f av; awGqaJG ewJh ausmif;om;/ausmif;oluav;awG[m ‘olyek ’f qkw d mawG jzpfuek &f w,f? u&ifoyl ek /f ucsio f yl ek /f &Sr;f olyek /f &ckid o f yl ek /f uGejf rLepfoyl ek pf wJph wJh olyek rf sK;d pk[ H m ppftpk;d &tqufquf vku d v f o H wfjzwfv@dk rukeyf gb;l ?” yxrqk;H ay;pmu‘tajcmuf±u dk af rsmufuu dk ’f qkw d Jh rEWav;obifavmuok;H pum;wvkH;ta=umif;yg? 'kwd,ay;pmuawmh etz&J@‘tpGmqkH;uavmifw acsmif;’wh?J t±l;vuf/ ewfuavmiftyfovkyd gyw J ?Jh emrnfausm‘f aygupf ’t a=umif;yg? vl[efaqmifxm;whJ ppfAv dk u f avmif±iS af wG uavmifo&rf;ykaH &;xm; wmyg? wwd,ay;pmuawmh rEWav;ukd a':atmifqefp=k unfu ‘ESv;Hk om;+rKd @ awmf’vk@d bG@J ay;oGm;wJt h a=umif;yg? uko d majAmuawmh ‘Ekid if aH &;+rKd @awmf’vk@d uifyeG ;f wyfcsiyf gw,fv@dk qkyd gw,f? pwkwaˆ y;pmuawmh‘a&ìpnf}u;D ’ta=umif;yg? ‘olrwk@d avESi/hf olw@dk v#if w u,fjrnfw/hJ +rKd @rmefvnfa±$pnf}u;D ygu@JG / wD;or#zed @f zde@f wke’f qkw d hJ rmefvnfq &mawmf}uD;&J@ ukd,fa&;aoG;uAsmwykdif;wpukdxkwf+yD; a'gufwmoefxGef;t a=umif;ukd a&;vku d w f myg? a'guw f moef;xGe;f qkw d m urBmwcGiv f ;Hk u av;pm;& wJh wOD;wnf;aom jrefrmorkid ;f ynm&Siyf g? tJovkyd *k K~ v d rf sK;d ukd aygupf qkw d phJ pf Akv d u f ‘uk, d rhf suEf mS uk, d "f m;eJ@vS;D ypfz@dk omaumif;w,f’vk@d vlov d w l wfvyk +f y;D qJa&;wJt h a=umif;ukd ok;H oyfwifjyxm;wmjzpfygw,f? yOPray;pmuawmh ppfAv dk af wGudk t&yfom;awGu vuftyk cf s+D y;D *g&0jyKEw _ f qufenf;ukd ppfwyfuxlaxmifaewJt h =umif;ukad &;xm;wmyg? aemufay;pmuawmh vluadk cG;owfwhJ orkid ;f trJpuftjzpf 'Dy, J if;vlowfyJG }u;D ta=umif;ukad &;xm;wmyg? vluadk cG;owfwhJ vlowfuek ;f tjzpfe@J &mZ0ifrmS
pmwif&pfawmhr,fh 'if;wk@d ¶kid ;f csuaf =umifh orkid ;f ysuyf u Hk dk armfueG ;f a&;xk;d ay;xm; wJh ay;pmwapmifyg? aemufay;pmuawmh rEWav;eJ@yk*u H orkid ;f 0iftaqmuf ttkaH wGudk ppftpk;d &u ‘xde;f odr;f yk’H ta=umif;ygy?J Ekid if aH &;orm;awGudk zrf;qD;+y;D axmifcsvu dk &f if owif;pmxJrmS awmh ‘xde;f odr;f w,fv@dk a=ujimygw,f? aemufwyk'u f awmh ppfwyfu uavmifopfwyfz@JG =uyku H dk tpOftvmeJ@wuG az:jyxm;wmyg? jrufcif;a[mif;/ jrufcif;ajymif;/ jrufcif;opf/jrufcif;npfawG ta=umif;vJygwmayg?h vHbm;wifO;D tp/ aygupf / azuHaumif;tv,f/ a'guw f m rwif0if;tqk;H tm;vk;H uavmifwyf}u;D ta=umif;ukd ‘az:vif;pD’jyxm;wmyg? aemufwyk'u f awmh pme,fZif;umwGe;f awGta=umif;a&;xm;wmyg? a±$w av;OD;buav;eJ@OD;b*sr;f up+y;D / vlxo k wif;pmuOD;0if;az/ay:OD;ouftv,f [Hom;0wD(rEWav;)tqk;H umwGe;f orkid ;f wckv;Hk udk tusO;f csKyaf z: jy&if;/ [Hom 0wDO;D 0if;wiftvkyjf yKw&f wJt h a=umif;w&yfxrJ mS [Hom0wDowifpmxJu um wGe;f awGta=umif;vJygav&J@vk@d axmufjyxm;ygw,f? ckacwfumwGe;f awGu awmh rvGwv f yfv@dk umwGe;f &J@*k%jf rKH omG ;wJt h a=umif;ygy?J aemufay;pmrSm ArmawG[m 'Dru dk a&pDe@J vnf;rwef/ vGyv f yfa&;eJ@vnf;r wefv@dk ajymwhJ ppfAv dk af [mif;wOD;ta=umif;ygy?J yxrtokwpf pftyk pf u k dk uk, d f pm;jyKow l OD;ta=umif;ygy?J Akv d cf sKyaf rmifarmifw?hJ wcsK@d vli,fawG rodao;&if odxm;oifw h hJ orkid ;f uGi;f qufwckayg?h aemufay;pmwapmifuawmh ‘waygi;f omacgiv f rsm;aemif’ta=umif;ygy?J om,mygayhqw dk w hJ aygi;f vrSm +rKd @&GmawG rD;tavmifq;Hk ayg?h tJ'x D rJ mS omajAm wk@d ,mawm±S&d m a±ìrEWav;u rD;ab;awG,m tausm=f um;qk;H awGayg?h rD;ukd y&dw±f w G +f y;D wm;=uwm/ rD;ab;a&Smifcifwm;zk@d qkid ;f bkwaf wG woDwwef;}u;D xl&wm/ rD;uif;apmif&h wmrs;dk awG[m urBmay:rSm 'k@d rsm;ppfwidk ;f jynf}u;D rSmyJ &Sd w,fxifyg&@J ? aemufay;pmwckuawmh jrefrmh±yk jf rifo=H um;ta=umif;ukd a&;om;xm;wmyg? Akv d cf sKy}f u;D awG&@J c&D;pOfw@dk / Akv d cf sKyaf wGp;D wJah v,mOfysaH y:ujrifuiG ;f wk@d / Akv d cf sKyf awGudk vuftyk cf s}D uKd q=dk uykw H @dk uav;awGuAdk [kow k jzpfapzk@d a=umfjimya[Vd xkww f mwk@d / taygpm;w±kwu f m;/ uk;d &D;,m;um;jyowmwk@d udw k ifjyav&J@? 'gvJ urBmrSmr&Sw d t hJ rsK;d tpm;ygy?J aemufwyk'rf mS awmh xl;jcm;csuu f kd az:xkwx f m;yg w,f? q&m}u;D ocifu, dk af wmfridkS ;f eJ@wuG a&ìOa'gi;f / aZ,s/ vlxOk ;D vS/ Aef;armf wifatmif/ ocifjroef;/ jroef;wifw h @dk rSpvkd pma&;q&mtrsm;pk[m ppftm%m &SiEf idk if aH &;rSmygvmwJt h a=umif;ygy?J ckaemufxyfvJ t&if;&Sipf mayawGub dk m omjyefaewhJ OD;csr;f at;/ ukw d m/ ukad usm0f if;wk@d awmif &efvyk af ejyef+yw D ?Jh &efol arG;aeykt H a=umif;ygy?J q&m'*kew f m&mukcd suaf tmufx;dk aeykv H yJ gav&J@? aemuf qk;H wyk'u f awmh pEN&m;cspaf qGu, G v f eG af wmh tvGr;f pma&;vku d w f mygy?J 'guawmh q&marmifprG ;f &nf ,mawmuomajAm&J@ta0;uay;pmrsm; pm tkyf&J@trSmpmrSma&;om;xm;ukdaumufE_wfaz:jyxm;wmyg? usaemfuawmh zwf+y;D &ifvufurcsEidk w f hJ pmtkyw f tkyv f @dk yJ ajym=um;&if;eJ@yJ 'Dwywfpifwif onfrh ;dk aomuf=u,fu¾taeeJ@ azmfjyvku d yf gw,f? pmtkyu f adk wmh wtkyv f #if (1200),ef;eJ@ 0,f,El idk yf gw,f?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
15
\
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd t f wGuf aiGa-u;vSLwef;cJ-h uolrsm;pm&if;ESihf ,cifvoH;k pJcG ahJ om aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;xkwjf yefcsu?f
|
pOf
trnf
vSLwef;aiG
vuQ&H &So d nfah eŒ
1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9? 10? 11? 12? 13? 14? 15? 16? 17? 18? 19? 20? 21?
'kuo Q nfun l aD pmifah &Smufa&;XmecsKyf ud&k w J ifh armifat;pd;k udw k ;kd -unfaqGšr*sL'Dtef;(c)usiif u kd rf mef jrwfow D mEdik f rcsKdcsKdxGef; rif;ndK0rf; Od;Edik 0f if; udEk ikd 0f if; udo k ef;0if; udkoef;xGËfatmif
rGeyf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG) ANDERWrsK;d atmif udkausmfol udrk sK;d atmif apwem&Siw f OD; rd;k aomuf-u,ftzJ‹G om;rsm; rwfvvufusef
43200(av;aomif;oH;k axmifEpS &f m,ef;wdw)d 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d 4000(av;axmif,ef;wdw)d 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 1000(wpfaxmif,ef;wdw)d 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d 14000(waomif;av;axmif,ef;wdw)d 196025(wq,hu f ;kd aomif;ajcmufaxmifEh pS q f ,fih g;)
{_yv D (15)&uf ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
pkpak ygif;
303225(oH;k q,fo;kH axmifEpS &f mESpq f ,fih g;,ef;wdw)d
twJ(G 3)/ trSw(f 4) pm±du k cf pmyd‹k c ocifu, kd af wmfri+d ;f yef;csu D m;
10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 11120(waomif;waxmifwpf&mESpq f ,f,ef;wdw)d 20000(ESpaf omif;,ef;wdw)d
pkpak ygif;
41120(av;aomif;wpfaxmifwpf&mESpq f ,f,ef;)
{_yDv vufuseaf iG
262105(ESpq f ,fah jcmufaomif;ESpaf xmifwpf&mhig;,ef;wdw)d
udak tmifrif; udrk ;kd ndK ud0k if;atmif udk&efrsKd;ausmf
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
16
Moe Thauk Kye Journal Edik if w H umowif;rsm;
ÐqENjyyGrJ sm;/qyl t l kºH uGrr+ sm;ESit hf wl 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if t H jzpf avSsmufvrS ;f aeaom eDaygvfEikd if . H ordik ;f tusO;f csKyf/ tm&Sa'oEdik if w H ckjzpfwhJ eDaygvEf ikd if rH mS vGecf hJ wJ&h ufowWywftenf;i,fcef@up+y;D qENjyyGaJ wG jzpfaecJw h muawmh trsm;od+y;D =uavmuf+yjD zpfyg w,f/ tqdyk gvx l t k =kH urG [ _ m eDaygvb f &k if&@J Edik if H a&;rSm0ifa&muftm%mcsKyu f ikd rf a_ wGa=umifh jzpf yGm;vm&w,fqdk,ifrrSm;ygbl;// tJ'ga=umifh eD aygvEf ikd if &H @J vuf&b dS &k ife@J (2001-ckEpS af vmufu p+y;D )eDaygvEf ikd if &H @J aemufct H ajctaeawGukd a&; om;vdu k rf yd gw,f/ eDaygvb f &k if'Gyanendra' eDaygvEf ikd if &H @J &Sib f &k if'Birendra'eJ@ rdom;pk [m 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv 1 &ufae@rSm om;awmftdrfa&S@rif;om;jzpfol 'Dipendra'&J@ vky=f uo H wfjzwfre_ @J twl aoqH;k cJ=h u+y;D / vky=f uo H t l rd af &S@rif;om; 'Dipendra'rS m vnf ; csuf j cif ; qd k o vd k ol @ ud k , f o l aoewf e J @ ypf o wf c g aoa=umif;=upH nfcw hJ hJ a=uuGb J , G t f jzpftysujf zpfymG ;cJyh gw,f/ vky=f uo H t l rd af &S@rif;om;'Dipendra'[m csujf cif;raoqH;k cJah yrJh aemufwae@ jzpfwhJ ZGev f 2 &ufae@rSmaoqH;k cJv h @kd eDaygvEf ikd if rH mS bk&ift±du k t f &mudq k ufczH @kd &m bk&ifro d m;pke@J teD;qH;k aoG;csi;f qdv k @kd &Sib f &k if'Birendra'&J@ nDawmfpyfol (,ckvuf&b dS &k if) 'Gyanendra'om eef;wGi;f rSmuse&f w dS t hJ ajctaeudak &mufc&hJ avw,f/ tJ'ga=umifh 'Gyanendra'[m ZGev f 4 &ufae@rSm eDaygvEf ikd if &H @J bk &if t jzpf a =ujimcJ h y gw,f ? tJ ' D a e@rS m bJ eD a ygvf E d k i f i H r S m bk & if j zpf v mwJ h 'Gyanendra' udq k ef@usiw f hJ qENjyyGaJ wGjzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f/ 'Gyanendra'[m tqdy k gqENjyyGaJ wGukd nrxGu&f trde@f eJ@twl ESrd ef if;cJv h @kd tHkºur_awG+yD;qHk;+yDvdk@xif&ayrJh eDaygvfjynfolvlxk[m eDaygvfEdkifiH&J@ &Sib f &k if'Birendra'eJ@ rdom;pkvyk =f ucH cH &hJ wJh tjzpftysurf eS u f kd *Ce%rod=u& ao;wmrd@k tqdyk gtjzpfreS u f kd az:xkwf ay;bd@k awmif;qdak ecJ=h uygw,f? e*du k yif uGejf rLepfoyl ek af wGaomif; use;f aewJh eDaygvEf ikd if rH mS 'Gyanendra' bk&ifjzpfvm+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f rSm ydrk jkd yif;xef wJw h u k d cf u k d rf a_ wGqifEv J $ mcJ&h m'Gyanendra' [m Edik if aH &;xJu0kd ifa&mufcs,v f , S u f m ygvrD efukd 2002-ckEpS /f arv 22 &ufae@ rSm zsuo f rd ;f cJ+h y;D / wdik ;f jynftwGi;f rSmvnf; ta&;ay:Oya'xkwjf yefum a±G;aumufyJG topfjyefvnfjyKvyk b f @kd a=ujimcJyh gw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif; bk&if'Gyanendra' tm%mudck sKyu f ikd u f m olu, kd w f ikd 0f ef}u;D csKyfawGudkcef@tyfjcif;/ jzKwfxkwfjcif;wdk@ udk jyKvyk cf yhJ gawmhw,f? tJ'v D 0kd ef}u;D csKyf awG wa,muf+y;D wa,mufajymif;vJcahJ y qENjyyGrJ sm;rSjrifuiG ;f wck/ rJh uGejf rLepfoyl ek af wGjy\emeJ@ jynfwiG ;f r+ird o f ufra_ wG[m bk&if 'Gyanendra'vufatmufrmS ydrk }kd u;D xGm;vmcJ&h mu 2004-ckEpS /f arv 7 &ufae@rSm Edik if aH &;ygwaD wGe@J jynfov l x l [ k m wdik ;f jynfwiG ;f 'Dru kd a&pDpepf jyefvnftouf0ifvmapa&;twGuf qENjycJ=h uygao;w,f/ tqdyk gtajctaeawGe@J twl 2006 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D 9&ufae@rSm bk&if 'Gyanendra'&J@ OD;aqmifr_eJ@a±G;aumufyGJjyKvkyfcJh+yD;/ bk&if 'Gyanendra'&J@ axmufcrH &_ &Sx d m;wJh tpd;k &tzG@J [m tjywftowfa±G;aumufyu JG kd tEdik &f &Sw d ,f vd@k a=ujim+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f upvd@k twdu k t f cHygwaD wG[m tqdyk ga&G;aumufy&JG @J &
v'f u d k vuf r cH E d k i f [ k q d k u mbk & if 'Gyanendra'qef@usifa&;rsm; pwif um ay:ayguv f maecJ&h ygawmhw,f/ bk&if'Gyanendra'udk qef@usiw f hJ jynfov l x l [ k mvnf; Edik if aH &;twdu k f tcHygwaD wGe@J yl;aygi;f um 2006-ckEpS /f {+yv D tapmydik ;f upwif+y;D ydrk jkd yif;xef wJh qENjytHkºur_awGudkqifE$JaepOfrSm/ tjynfjynfqikd &f mrS 'Dru kd a&pDpepfukd jyefvnfusifhoHk;bdk@ zdtm;rsm;vnf; 0ifa&mufvmcJyh gawmhw,f/ tJ'ga=umifh bk&if[m {+yD 26 &uf ae@rSm rdr[ d m Edik if aH &;rSmvH;k 0yg0ifywf
oufrmS r[kwaf wmhbJ eDaygvEf ikd if u H kd 'Drdkua&pDwdkif;jynftjzpf jyefvnf a&muf&adS pa&;twGuf Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG eJ@twl wEdik if v H ;kH a±G;aumufyt JG opf jyefvnfjyKvyk rf nfjzpfa=umif;a=ujimum ab;udx k u G o f mG ;ygawmhw,f? tckvuf&SdrSmawmh ,m,D0ef}uD; csKyt f jzpf 0g&ifEh ikd if aH &;orm;vnf;jzpf ol/ bk&if'Gyanendra'udkvnf;qef@ usio f jl zpfwhJ 'Girija Prasad Koirala' u wm0ef,v l su&f adS e+y;D r=umcifrmS 'Dru kd a&pDppfreS w f hJ a&G;aumufyu JG kd jyef vnfjyKvyk af wmhrmS jzpfygawmhw,f? Ò
Ðukvor*~uef‹uGuaf eonf-h um;uyif tD&efEikd if o H nf EsL uvD;,m;tpDtpOfukd pGe‹f v$wrf nfr[kw[ f k tD&eforwu xkwaf z:ajym-um;vdu k jf cif/ tD&efEdkifiH[m EsLuvD;,m;yg0g xkwfvkyf&ef}udK;aer_udk &yfqdkif;rSmr [kw[ f k tD&eforw'Ahmadinejad' u {+yv D 29 &ufae@u xkwaf z:ajym =um;vdkufygw,f// tD&eftpPvrfEdkifiH [m rdr&d @J EsLuvD;,m;tpDtpOfu&kd yf qdik ;f apzd@k qd&k if rnfo@l eJ@rSaqG;aEG;rSmr [kw[ f v k nf;xyfraH jym=um;vdu k yf gw,f? tD&efEikd if &H @J EsLuvD;,m;qdik &f maqG; aEG;a&;wm0efcH'Ali Larijani'uvnf; ukvor*~&J@ tD&efEdkifiHEsLuvD;,m; xkwv f yk rf u _ kd ydwyf ifwm;jrpfa&;qdik &f m Oya'udk twnfjyKvu kd yf gu tD&efEikd if H [m ukvor*~e@J tquftoG,jf yKvyk f awmhrmS r[kw[ f v k nf; vGecf w hJ &hJ uft enf;i,ftwGi;f u xkwaf z:ajym=um; +y;D jzpfygw,f? tar&duefeJ@ taemufOa&myEdkifiH awG[m tD&efEikd if [ H m EsLvD;,m;vuf eufawGydkifqdkifoGm;cJh&if tD&efEdkifiH&J@ +cdrf;ajcmufr_}uD;xGm;vmrSmudk pdk;&drf vsu&f adS e=uygw,f? tD&efEikd if u H awmh rdr&d @J EsLuvD;,m;pGr;f tifxw k v f yk rf [ _ m t&yfbuftwGu/f +ird ;f csr;f a&;twGuf omxkwfvkyfrSmjzpfw,fvdk@ t}udrf }urd af jymqdak ecJ+h y;D jzpfygw,f/ Oa&myEdkifiHawGtygt0if/ tar&d
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
tD&eforw'Ahmadinejad'
uefEdkifiH[m ukvor*~&J@vHkjcHKa&; aumifpDrSm tD&efEdkifiHEsLuvD;,m; xkwv f yk af er_ukd ydwyf ifwm;qD;a&;Oy a'twnfjyKEdkifa&;twGuf ta&;ay: aqG;aEG;yGJudk r=umrD&uftwGif;rSm usi;f yjyKvyk v f @kd &Sad eygw,f? tJ'v D t kd a&;ay:aqG;aEG;yGrJ jyKvyk rf D ar 1 &ufae@rSmawmh tD&efEikd if [ H m avoHwrsK;d ajymif;vmcJyh gw,f? tqdyk g ar 1 &uf ae@rSm tD&efEikd if [ H m rdrEd ikd f iH&@J EsLuvD;,m;jy\emudk ukvor*~ r[kwfbJ tjynfjynfqdkif&mEsLuvD; ,m;pGr;f tif tzG@J jzpfwhJ (IAEA)eJ@qd&k if aqG;aEG;n‡d Edi_ ;f zd@k tqifoif&h w dS ,fv@kd tD&efEikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeu xkwjf yef a=ujimvdu k yf gw,f? Ò
17
Moe Thauk Kye Journal Edik if w H umowif;rsm;
ÐtaemufurBmtkypf Ek iS hf tpPvrfw‹kd ppfjzpfae_yD[k bifvm Ðw±kwo f rw'Hu Jintao' tar&duefEikd if o H ‹kd yxrqH;k 'ifu AD', D w kd w d rf w S qifh ajym-um;vdu k jf cif;/ t}udrt f jzpf tvnftywfa&muf&cdS jhJ cif;/
vGecf w hJ hJ {+yD 23 &ufae@u urBmt h =urf;zuftzG@J }u;D jzpfwhJ 'al-Qaeda'rS acgi;f aqmif ‘tdpk rmbifvm'if’u AD'G D ,dw k w d rf w S qifah jym=um;cJ&h mrSm urBmh taemuftkyfpkEdkifiHawGu vuf&Sdyg vuf p wd k i f ; tpd k ; &tzG J @ opf j zpf w J h 'Hamas'tpdk;&udk txD;useftaz:rJh atmif }udK;pm;aqmif±Gufaewm[m taemuftyk pf ak wGe@J tpPvrfbmom 0ifw@kd ppfypJG wifae+yq D w kd m oufaojy vdu k w f mbJjzpfygw,fv@kd xkwaf z:ajym =um;vdu k yf gw,f? tqdyk gA'GD , D w kd w d af cG udk tm&yf'satellite TV al-Jazeera' uwqifh xkwv f i$ chf w hJ mjzpfygw,f? bifvm'ifu qufvufajym=um;
&mrSm tD&wfEikd if eH @J ql'efEikd if rH mS jzpfymG ; aewJ&h v'fawG[mvnf; ZD,eG 0f g'eD @J t wl usL;ausmef ,fcs@J cJw h hJ tjypf'%fawG bJjzpfygw,fvdk@(tpPa&;eJ@taemuf tkyfpkudk&nfnGef;um)ajym=um;cJh+yD; “igwdk@&J@&nfrSef;csufeJ@wm0efuawmh tpPvrfbmom/ tpPvrfe,fajreJ@ t pPvrfbmom0ifawGukd umuG,zf @kd bJ jzpfw,fæ”vd@k ajym=um;cJyh gw,f/ tqdkygwdwfacGuawmh vGefcJhwJh 2003 ckEpS -f ZEM0g&v D twGi;f u tar&d uefEdkifiHudk wdkufcdkufr_awGwdk;jr‡ifhr,f vdk@ +cdrf;ajcmufcJhwJhwdwfacGaemufydkif; bifvm'if&J@ yxrqHk;wdwfacGbJjzpf ygw,f? Ò ( urBm@t=urf;zuftzG@J 'al-Qaeda' eJ@ tpGe;f a&muftzG@J awG&@J tm&yf 'satellite TV al-Jazeera'uwqifh ±kyjf rif oH=um;wdwaf cGrsm; urBmudx k w k v f i$ hf jyoaer_awGukd tar&duefe@J taemuf Edik if aH wGu ydwq f @kd ta&;,l zd@k }uKd ;pm; aecJhayrJh ydwfyifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdao;ygbl;?)
Ð urBmt h vkyo f rrm;rsm;ae‹(ara';)wGif tm&Sa'orsm;Y tpd;k &qef‹usiaf &;qENjyyGrJ sm;jyKvkycf jhJ cif;
ar 1 &ufae@rSmusa&mufcw hJ hJ urBmh tvkyo f rm;rsm;ae@rSm tm&Sa'owGi;f &Sd EdkifiHtcsKd@rSm tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;qEN jyyGaJ wGukd +ird ;f csr;f pGmjyKvyk cf =hJ uygw,f? tqdyk gjzpfymG ;cJw h hJ tm&SEikd if HawGu awmh zdvpfyikd Ef ikd if eH @J tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if H awGrmS xifxif&mS &Sm;jzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f?
zdvpfydkifEdkifiHrSm tvkyform;tif tm;(7)axmifausmcf ef@ csw D ufqENjycJh =u+y;D / tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if rH mS awmh tvkyo f rm;tiftm; wode;f ausmt f xdyg0ifum tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;qENjyyGaJ wGjyKvyk cf v hJ @kd &Jwyfz@JG 0ifaygi;f aomif;eJ@csu D m apmifh =uyfc&hJ wJt h xd jzpfcyhJ gw,f/ tvkyo f rm;xk&@J awmif;qdrk a_ wGu awmh tvkyform;awG&&SdwJhtcGifht a&;awG[m rwd;k vmwJt h jyif wjznf; jznf;avsmyh g;vmudjk yefvnf ajymif;vJ ay;zdk@eJ@ tjcm;&oifh&xdkufwJhtcGifht a&;awGudk jznfhpGufay;zdk@ pojzifh awmif;qdkcJh=uygw,f? tvm;wlyif +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjycJhwJh tm&SEdkifiHawG uawmh *syef/ wdik 0f rf/ u arBm'D;,m;eJ@ oD&v d uFm Edik if w H @kd jzpfygw,f/ tar&duefEikd if rH mS awmh vlwoef; ausmf qENjycJ=h uygw,f? Ò
w±kwo f rw'Hu Jintao'[m vGef cJw h hJ {+yv D (18)&ufae@u tar&duef EdkifiHudk yxrOD;qHk;t}udrf tvnft ywfc&D;pOftjzpf a&muf&cdS yhJ gw,f? tar&dueforw'Bush'&J@ Ed0k ifbm vtwGif; w±kwfEdkifiHudk oGm;a&muf vnfywfcw hJ chJ &D;pOftwGuf tckvjkd yef vnfum tvnftywfa&muf&v dS mcJh jcif;bJjzpfw,fv@kd avhvmolawGu a0 zefc=hJ uygw,f/ w±kwo f rw[m tar&dueforeJ@ {+yv D (20)&ufae@rSm awG@qHu k m ESpEf ikd f iHqufqHa&;aumif;rGefapa&;awGudk awG@qHak qG;aEG;cJ=h uygw,f/ w±kwforw[m tar&duefrSm&Sd aepOftwGi;f 'Microsoft'ukr% ` yD ikd &f iS f 'Bill Gates'eJ@vnf;awG@qHu k m twl
npmpm;aomufcJh=u+yD; pD;yGm;a&;&m awGukd awG@qHak qG;aEG;cJ=h uygw,f? urBmay:rSm vuf&pdS ;D yGm;a&;awG w [kex f ;kd atmifjrifaewJh w±kwEf ikd if [ H m d hJ 'Micro r=umrDrmS ($250m)wefz;kd &Sw soft Windows Operating Systems' udk 0,f,a l wmhrmS jzpfygw,f/
tdrjf zLawmfyef;O,smOfwiG ;f vrf;a=umif; rSm;um av#mufomG ;aom w±kwo f rw udk tar&dueforwuvSr;f qGaJ epOf?
Ð*syeftpd;k &tzG‹J rS trsK;d om;a&;udOk ;D pm;ay;rnfh ynma&; Oya'topfjyXgef;&eftwnfjyKvdu k jf cif; *syeftpd;k &tzG@J [m {+yv D 28 &uf ae@u *syefEikd if &H @J ynma&;Oya'udk t opfjyefvnfjyXge;f a&;twGuf twnf jyKvu kd +f yjD zpf+y;D r=umrDrmS v$waf wmfukd wifoiG ;f awmhrmS jzpfygw,f? tqdyk gOya't& *syefausmif;awG rSm *syeftrsKd;om;a&;udkydkrdkcspfjrwfEdk; vm&ef/ *syefvrl sK;d wd@k &J@ ±d;k &m"avhe@J ,Ofaus;r_awGukd aemifvmaemufom; awG ydrk akd v;pm;jrwfE;kd vmap&ef ponf wdk@udk OD;pm;ay;oif=um;apzdk@bJjzpfyg w,f? vuf&*dS syefEikd if &H @J ynma&;Oya' [m 1947ckEpS f urBmppf}u;D +y;D qH;k +y;D u wnf;u jyXge;f xm;wJOh ya'jzpfygw,f? *syefEikd if &H @J Edik if aH &;twdu k t f cHygwD awGuawmh tqdkygynma&;Oya't opf[m *syefEikd if eH @J tdref ;D jcif;Edik if aH wG &J@qufqaH &;udk xdcu kd zf , G &f m&Sv d mEdik f +y;D / *syefEikd if t H m; trsK;d om;a&;0g't D jzpf jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;Edkifonfqdk um pd;k &dryf yl efvsu&f adS e=uygw,f/ *syefEdkifiH&Sdq&m/q&mrrsm;toif; (Japan Teachers Union)rS q&m§r pkpak ygi;f ta,muf(610˜000)ausmf
vufrw S x f ;kd umtqdyk g ynma&;Oya' opfjyifqifa&;udk toem;cHwm;jrpf vsuf &Sad e=uygw,f/ vGecf w hJ {hJ +yv D tapmydik ;f rSmvnf; *s yefv$wfawmftrwfawG[m(tdrfeD; csi;f Edik if jH zpfwhJ w±kw-f awmifu&kd ;D ,m; Edik if w H @kd eJ@ qufqaH &;wif;rmvmapwJh tqdkyg)trsKd;om;wdk@&J@ 'Yasukuni Shrine'ac: tmZmenfZr d mefukd oGm; a&muf*g&0jyKc=hJ uygw,f/ *syef0ef}u;D csKyef @J tpd;k &tzJ@G [m w ±kwef @J awmifu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if w H @kd &J@ pGypf JG aer_awGukd tav;rxm;bJ rdrEd ikd if &H @J trsK;d om; a&;eJ@ "avhx;kH pHjzpfonf[k ,H=k unfprJG w S u f m tqdyk gtmZmenfAd rmefo@kd ESppf OfomG ;a&muf*g&0jyKvsuf &Sad eqJjzpfyif jzpfygw,f/ Ò
( Refers & Quoted from : Japan Times & Yahoo News ) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
18
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg;
rme,fyavmc&D;onf armifpif=u,f (}udKqkE d w _ q f ufjcif;) rme,fyavma&mufEiS hf pdwEf v S ;kH uk'd ek ;f 'ke;f csvu dk o f nf? ok@d jzifh usaemfonf rae@nu rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f m(pm;+red &f yd o f m)wGif ESpEf pS +f cKd u+f cKd ut f yd af ysmf oGm;onf? rae@eHeuftyd , f mEk;d vmaomtcg eHeuf 9 em&Dyifx;dk ayawmhonf? {nfh&dyfomaemufbufaqmifwGif apmxl;ESifhol@&Jabmfrsm;toifhjyifxm; aom aumfzu D adk omufvu kd o f nf? Akv d cf sKypf ;dk pk;d onf {nf&h yd o f mab;em;&Sd oD; oef@taqmifuav;wGit f yd o f nf? ol@ukrd awG@ojzifh apmxl;ukad r;rd&m Akv d cf sKyf jrxHomG ;a=umif;od&onf? pm;+red &f yd o f mwm0efcaH pmxl;um; tif;,m;vdy[ f w dk ,fwiG f pm;zkrd LS ;vkycf o hJ l jzpfonf? ref;aiGatmiftr_EiS q hf ufpyfI awmwGi;f ok@d qif;vmjcif;jzpfonf? tif; ,m;vdyw f iG t f awG@t=uKH &cdS ahJ omapmxl;onf rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f mY bJ aumifv;kH / =uufaumifv;kH a=umfcsujf yKwu f m tpGr;f jycGi&hf &Scd ahJ vonf? rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f mrSm rsuEf mS ESpzf ufziG x hf m;onf? ta&S@bufrsuEf mS pmrSm rme,fyavmppfa&;jyuGi;f ukrd suEf mS rlxm;jcif;jzpf.? taemufbufrsuf ESmpmrSm aomif&if;jrpfurdk suEf mS rlxm;onf? vomaomnrsm;wGif taemuf bufvomaqmifrw S qifh va&mifxw J iG f woGio f iG pf ;D arsmaeaom aomif&if; jrpfjrifuiG ;f onf yef;csq D efvaS yawmhonf? usaemfo h m;ti,fonf usaemfEiS ahf b;csi;f uyfuw k ifwiG t f yd &f m eHeufapm apmEk;d ojzifh ukad pmxl;.vufaxmufwa,mufEiS hf [k[ d 'dk 'D o D mG ;aeavonf? usaemfonf aemufbufaqmifrS {nfh&dyfom.{nfhcef;aqmifqDokd@xGufvm onf? {nf&h yd o f m.vuf0b J ufteD;qH;k Y y'kad pmboif.±H;k cef;&SI d vusmf buf wGif jynfxaJ &;wm0efcyH 'kb d . D ±H;k cef;&So d nf? usaemfonf awmawmifa&ajr.obm0ukq d ifjcif=unf&h mrS usaemfb h 0ukd vnf; qifjcif=unfrh jd yefonf? trSerf mS usaemfb h 0onf rme,fyavma&muf vmjcif;jzifh tajymif;tvJ}u;D ajymif;vJomG ;avonf? usaemf.b0oH;k yHEk pS yf kH onf &efuek +f rKd @rSmyifuek cf +hJ yjD zpfonf? ,ckuseaf eao;aomwyHu k dk a&S@c&D;tjzpf quf&efyifjzpfayonf? Tok@d &Spd Of ae@vnfcif;ta&mufY Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d / Akv d cf sKyjf rESit hf wl jyefa&muf vmonf? AkdvfcsKyfjronf y%mrtaeESifh usaemfhtm;}udKqkdjcif;jzpfayonf?
Adv k cf sKyjf r/ armifpif=u,f
aemufae@wGif rme,fyavm&Sd KNUacgi;f aqmifrsm;ygyg0ifI tcrf;tem;jzif}h uKd qkEd w _ q f ufonf? ,if;ESiyhf ufoufI(Voice of Burma)pmapmif ‘Akv d cf sKyjf rESihf ol. usaemfwifjyvdrk ,fu h saemfjh zwfoef;r_tppftrSe’f aqmif;yg;wGiaf tmufyg twkid ;f usaemfa&;om;cJah vonf? awmfovif;ESio hf w D if;u|wv f awmusa&ESihf awmifusa&wd@k jzifh ausmuf aqmifxal jymvSaomaomif&if;jrpfonf =urf;I&rf;IaeqJwidk f ,if;tcsed rf mS yif usaemfonf rme,fyavmok@d a&muf&v dS mavawmhonf? yxrae@wGif Adv k cf sKyf jronf Akv d cf sKypf ;dk pk;d ESit hf wlusaemf&&dS m rme,fyavmwnf;ck&d yd o f m(pm;+red &f yd f om)ok@d a&muf&v dS m+y;D OD;pGmE_wq f uf&mS onf? 'kw, d ae@wGirf l Akv d jf ronf usef KNUacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESit hf wltcrf;tem;rsK;d jzifh usaemfu h x dk yfraH wG@qHjk yefonf? xdt k csed u f rme,fyavmonf Edik if aH &;t& aeomcsed jf zpfI vomcsed v f nf; jzpfavonf? &efuek +f rKd @&Sd ppftyk pf u k dk Edik if aH &;t&ESihf ppfa&;t& &ifqikd zf uf+yKd i&f m A[kXd mecsKyo f nf rme,fyavmyifjzpfonf? ok@d jzpfI jynfwiG ;f jynfywk@d . tm ±Hpk ;l pku d &f ma'oonf rme,fyavmyifjzpfIaejyefavonf? ae@pOfrjywf jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS{nfo h nfrsm;ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm; a&muf&v dS @dk vm=uonf? rme,fyavm. acgi;f aqmif}u;D i,ftoG,o f , G w f @kd onfvnf; ‘jynfyEkid if aH &;c&D;onfrsm;’tjzpf acguw f ek @f jyefxu G cf gG ae=u&onf? 'Dru kd a&pD ta&;ESihf vkrsK;d pkrsm;. vGwaf jrmufa&;blred wfoefrme,fyavmwGif tpnf;t a0;}u;D i,fvwfw@dk onfvnf; rjywf&adS eavonf? u&if E S p f opf u l ; ae@/ u&iftrsK;d om; ae@/ apmbOD; }u;D usq;k H aom tmZmenfae@/ 'Drdkua&pD&Spf av;vH k ; ae@/ AdkvfcsKyfjrarG; ae@/ rme,fy avmwGif t crf;tem;[lI jywf o nf y if r&Syd g? ,if;t crf;tem;rsm; (0Jr, S m)pde0f if;òrif/ pde0f if;òriforD;/ apmif;q&mapmwaum0g; wGif y&dowf rsm;tm;'kid cf I H ajzazsmf aeolrmS pde0f if;+rKd i. f ZmwfobifwzG@J vH;k yifjzpfavonf? ,if;usaemft h m;}uKd qydk w JG iG f c&D;vGeaf eolAv dk cf sKyaf rmifarmifrv S I JG taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;y'kad pmboif;/ y'kpd v H if;/ au:olav;tpk;d &tzG@J 0if Ekid if jH cm;a&;wm 0efcaH 'guw f mtmom/ ynm&Siw f m0efcyH 'kad &$om[J/ pku d yf sKd ;a&; wm0efcyH 'kpd ;dk atmif/ jynfxaJ &;wm0efcyH 'kb d /D w&m;a&;wm0efcaH pmvl;vl;av;/ ukeo f , G af &; wm0efcyH 'k0d D KNUOuUX.twGi;f a&;rSL;ref;&Smvref;(,ckKNUtwGi;f a&;rSL;) aumfoal v;tpk;d &0ef}u;D csKy. f twGi;f a&;rSL; apmwefr(D ,ck=opa=w;vs)wd@k jzpf=uonft h jyif ppf±;kH rSAv dk cf sKyw f mrvmabmvnf;yg0ifonf? txl;ojzifh us aemfrrSwfrdawmhaom yk*~dKvfrsm;vnf;yg0ifEdkifayonf? (rme,fyavm0ef;usifar#mfvkdufv#if) rme,fyavma&ajrtaetxm;onf qufo, G rf t _ & vG,u f o l nf? r,fo a0grS aomif&if;jrpftwkid ;f pkeq f if;v#if 2 em&Dausmaf usmf 3 em&DavmufEiS hf a&mufEikd o f nf? wzef apmvJxrS oHviG jf rpftwdik ;f pkeq f if;I aomif&if;jrpf0 a&mufv#if aomif&if;twkid ;f jyefqefwuf 3em&DavmufEiS hf rme,fyavmok@d
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
19
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; a&mufEidk o f nf? uke;f vrf;uroGm;Edik af omfvnf; a&vrf;uoGm;Ekid o f nf? aEG&moDa&mufIaomif&if;jrpfa&cef;vmaomtcg r,foa0grw S qifh ‘cvJ apul’ESifh ‘cavmwJ’avSqdyfwkd@rSwqifh y'kdatmifqef;.txufem;Y armf awmfum;ukad rmif;ul;vm+y;D rme,fyavmok@d um;jzifw h u dk ±f u dk af &mufEidk o f nf? rJaqmuf&adS cgi;f aqmifrsm;onf r,foa0grw S qifh rme,fyavmok@d vm=u+y;D Zif;r,f&adS cgi;f aqmifrsm;rSm Zif;r,f/ r,fq&D;&if;/apmvJxwk@d rSwqifh rme,f yavmok@d vm=u.? apmvJxonf oHviG jf rpfay:wGi&f I dS r,foa0grmS aomif&if;jrpfay:wGi&f dS onf? wenf;tm;jzifh apmvJxonf aps;+rKd @vnf;jzpf.? apmvJxaumif;pm;pOf u aps;qkid af ygi;f &mcsI D &Sad vonf? vufvv D uUm;jzef@cso d nf? ol@vufwrH mS rme,fyavm/ oHviG af tmufbufEiS hf oHviG t f aemufbufurf; zgyeG b f ufo@dk jzpfavonf? apmvJx.xl;jcm;r_rmS rk;d tcgYaps;wef;rSm tcdik t f cef@aqmuf xm;aom awmifapmif;ay:a&mufomG ;+y;D aEGtcgY aps;qdik Ef iS ahf ps;wef;onf us a&ESit hf wl aomifjyifurf;pyfqo D @dk a&mufomG ;avonf? usaemfonf r,foa0gEiS rhf me,fyavmukd pkeq f efI oGm;a&mufz;l ovkd apmf vJxESihf rme,fyavmukv d nf; pkeq f efIoGm;a&mufb;l onf? txl;ojzifh wck aomrk;d &moDa&azgiaf zgiw f iG f usaemfonfapmvJxaps;qkid 0f &HwmrSov H iG jf rpf wGi;f ok@d =unfah erd.? tpD;oefvaS omoHviG af &pD;ESiv hf i_d ;f }u;D rsm;onf usaemf a&S@rSmyif a'gormefxaeaome*g;}u;D waumifEiS w hf v l eG ;f vSawmhonf? TwGif aemufyidk ;f Y usaemfonf usaemf.‘oHviG *f EW0if’wGif apmvJxESihf a'gif;uGiftzGJ@wGif atmufygtwdkif;zGJ@cJhavonf? oHviG &f @J jrpfurf;ay: wac:avmufa0; apmvJxac:±Gmuav; pnfum;vd@k av;æ?
cH/ u&ifvil ,ftpnf;t±H;k / y'kad usmpf ;dk .tdrEf iS v hf u B &f nfqidk /f cdik pf ;dk Ekid af tmif. f rd /f xkrd S rme,fyavmuGi;f }u;D uk0d idk ;f tHI k zG@J pnf;xm;aomt (NDF)Edik af &$usit aqmuftODrsm;/ rme,fyavmppfa&;jyuGif;&Sd AdkvfcsKyfjr.aetdrf/ ±Hk;cef;ESifh a[m0g';D .AsL[m=um;wGif tn=wocsKiõ ;f wk@d jzpfavonf? ,if;ESiyhf ufoufI usaemfonf(Voice of Burma)pmapmif bde;f bk&ifceG f qmESihf ±k&mS ;q&m0efEpS Of ;D jyefay;qGcJ &H onfZh mwfvrf;aqmif;yg;wGif [kzd ed ;f ESihf rme,fyavmukEd i_d ;f ,SOcf sujf zifh atmufygtwdik ;f a&;om;cJah vonf? xdpk Ofu[krd ek ;f ESihf xkpd Ofurme,fyavmukEd i_d ;f ,SOcf sujf zif=h unfv h #if wnfae &mwGijf cm;em;r_&o dS uJo h @dk tus,t f ajymwGiv f nf;jcm;em;r_&adS vonf? rme,f yavmonf aemufausmwGif awmifwef;ESiahf e@rsuEf mS pmwGif aomif&if;jrpfw@kd &Sd I usO;f ajrmif;aomajrtaetxm;ay:wGif vHjk cKH a&;ukt d a=umif;cHum wnfxm; jcif;yifjzpf.? ok@d jzpfI rme,fyavmonf av;axmifo h ¾mefvnf;r&S/d vH;k 0kid ;f yHk o¾mefvnf;r&Sb d J aomif&if;ESit hf +yKd iaf jy;I awmife&H EH iS jhf rpfurf;ab;wGif t vsm;&Snx f u G u f m teHrmS &Sad eavonf? [krd ek ;f um; rlv[krd ek ;f csKid 0hf rS ;f }u;D wGipf wifwnf&mrS ae@pOf&ufqufb'l Zdk m }u;D rsm;jzifh awmife&H aH jrom;rsm;ukd qufvufI+zKd cs@J aeav&m wae@wjcm; us,jf yef@xGuv f maom [krd ek ;f jzpfvmavonf? ok@d jzpfI[krd ek ;f (Homong) onf +rKd @ywfo¾mefav;axmifEh iS hf vH;k 0kid ;f o¾mef&w dS @kd &Sad vonf? +y;D v#if rm e,fyavmonf rme,fyavmwckwnf;r[kwb f J pmoifausmif;rsm;/ aq;±Hak q; cef;rsm;ESihf acgi;f aqmifrsm;aexkid &f mwdEk iS t hf wl tukid ;f tcufrsm;jzm xGuaf e onf? [krd ek ;f rSmrl csKid 0hf rS ;f +rKd @opf}u;D twGi;f Yom pmoifausmif;/ aq;±H/k bke;f }u;D ausmif;/ tvky±f /kH puf±/kH a[mfw,f/ AGD'D,kdcef;r/ um&mtkdau/ 'pPukd/ ,Ofaus;r_jycef;ESihf omreft&yfol t&yfom;rsm;rS acgi;f aqmif}u;D i,f toG,o f , G w f @kd txd [krd ek ;f twGi;f Yyif waygi;f wpnf;wnf; aexdik f apmvJxudak usmf =uavonf? war#maf vmufa0; Akv d cf sKyjf r/ y'kb d oif/ y'kpd v H if; a'gi;f uGiq f ±kd mG uav; wkd@onf a[G;aygvlwGifaexkdif=u a'gif;awGeJ@azG;æ? onf ? Ak d v f c sKyf a rmif a rmif w usaemfonfapmvJxrSa'gif;uGif a,mufwnf;om rme,fyavm txda&mufbl;onf? a'gif;uGifwGif wGifaeonf? AkdvfcsKyfarmifarmif. a'guw f mEkid af tmifABSDFwyfz@JG rsm; rdom;pkrsm;rSm bm;tHc±kid /f aemiftdk csxm;I apmvJxatmufbuf oH oHviG jf rpfusa&wGiaf wG@&aom apmvJx wGiaf eavonf? vGiaf emufbufurf;wGif rk;d oD;ZGe. f (rme,fyavmwnfaqmufr_) ABSDFoHvi G pf cef;&Sad vonf? vlwa,mufyifjzpfap/ um;wpD;yifjzpfap/ rme,fyavmok@d vmv#if txuf (rme,fyavm+rdK@jy ) rme,fyavmukd y'kad tmifqef;wk@d .trsK;d orD;rsm;apmif=h uyfaom uif;*dwrf S wGiaf rmif;vmaom±H;k taqmuftODEiS hf vlaetdraf jcrsm;ukjd zwfoef;vm&onf? pwifa&wGuv f #if Akv d rf LS ;}u;D avm0g'. D AsL[mwGit f qH;k owfrnfjzpfonf? T txl;ojzifh oxHke,frS Zmwfq&mpdef0if;+rdKif.ZmwfobiftzGJ@onf csD; f S ae&monf ta&S@bufwiG af omif&ifjrpfjzpfI aemufbufwiG f awmifwef;u usL;zG,&f maumif;vS.? rme,fyavmtcg}u;D &uf}u;D rsm;wGif wm0efausyeG v onf? ol@ESihf ol@0kid ;f awmfom;rsm;onf Zmwfobifqakd omfvnf; pnf;ESiu hf rf;ESihf umqD;xm;avonf? trsKd;orD;*dwfrSavm0g'D.AsL[mta&muf atmufygtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh aexdik =f uonf? 1993 ckEpS af &mufv#if u&ifjynfe,fu apmif;q&mapmw vlaetdraf jcrsm;ukd jrifawG@&onfjzpfayonf? trsK;d orD;uif;*dw/f pde0f if;+rKd if aum0g;/ pde0f if;+rKd iEf iS hf ol@orD;av;wk@d onf,Ofaus;r_zvS,af &;tpDtpOft& ZmwfobiftzG@J / NCGUBESihf aemfa0(DVB)toHzrf;±H/k &[ef;ysKo d r*~O;D acrmpm *smreDEkdifiHokd@yif a&mufcJh=uao;onf? rme,fyavmwGif &H;k XmetaqmuftODrsm;pGm&So d nft h euf ±H;k ESit hf wlq;kH rSm &.ausmif;/ r,fwu k pdQ rf;acsmif;/ (NLD/LA)±H;k / uAsmq&myef;cufvu B &f nfqidk /f a':atmifqef;pk=unfvrf;/ bmblvu B &f nfqidk /f ref;&Smvref;tdrf (GREEN NO- rme,fyavmppf&;kH ESihf cdik pf ;dk Ekid af tmif. NDF±H;k wd@k yifjzpfonf? rme,fyavm ppf±;kH onf reuf±;kH rSerf eS w f ufI nae±H;k qif;onf? tcg}u;D &uf}u;D rsm;wGirf S VEMBER-32).rpPwmpwd/ ukad t;aqmif.PLF/ jrifah Zmf.vl@ abmifopf/ KIO f nf? ppf±;kH .aemufwef; ±H;k xkid rf LS ;rSm Adv k cf sKyw f myvmabm. om;i,f ±H;k / (DAB)±H;k / q&m}u;D paumv,fawmaetdr/f tmZmenfuek ;f / apmueJyaD etdr/f &H;k ydwo dk w f ikd f ol.±H;k Adv k u f sm;aetdr/f trsK;d orD;tcsKy/f use;f rma&;Xme/ b¾mwm0efc/H vli,fwm0ef jzpfonf? +y;D v#icf ikd pf ;dk Ekid af tmif.±H;k jzpfonf? ckid pf ;dk Edik af tmifu, rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
20
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; aemufcef;wGif tjr&J adS eaoma=umifh tjryJ if±;kH wufaejcif;jzpfavonf? xkrd S ol onf &yfa0;&yfe;D uvmor#{nfo h nfrsm;ukd olu'kid cf I H pum;ajym{nfch jH cif;yif jzpfavonf? d s&mrS ,if;ok@d ±H;k jraJ omcdik pf ;dk Edik af tmifudk KNUacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf rsupf u olEiS t hf oufrsm;pGmi,f±, G af om u&ifrav;wa,mufEiS hf tdraf xmifus.? rm e,fyavmwGiu f si;f yaomr*Fvmvufxyfyt JG oD;oD;wGif ckid pf ;dk Ekid af tmif r*Fvm yGaJ vmuf}u;D us,rf nfrxifyg? rme,fyavmwcGiv f ;kH rD;ck;d wdwaf vawmhonf?
H if;/ Akv d cf sKyaf rmifarmif/ Ekid af &$usiEf iS hf usaemfonf VOBwGif ‘b&efqikd ;f / y'kpd v oHviG u f a±$qidk ;f ’[lI a&;om;cJo h nf? b&efqikd ;f ESiyhf ufoufIrl atmufygt wkid ;f a&;cJ. h ? “xdak e@urpPwm*srd ;f pfonf KI0±H;k cef;wnf&mESihf KI0 acgi;f aqmif}u;D &S&d m tJvZD bwfa[mfw,f 11 xyfqo D @dk usaemfw@dk ukOd ;D aqmifIac:oGm;onf? b&ef qdik ;f onf ol@tcef;xJwiG f usaemfw@kd ukt d oifah pmifah eonf? rpPwm*srd ;f pfonf usaemfw@kd ukd b&efqikd ;f xHy@dk aqmif+y;D aemuf tjcm;tcef;qDo@dk xGuo f mG ;awmh onf? ,ckKI0ucsit f rsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D b&efqidk ;f ukd yxrqH;k usaemfawG@ bl;jcif;jzpfygonf? b&efqikd ;f onf ucsit f rsK;d om;wOD;taeESihf t&yfrmS rykveG ;f r&Snv f eG ;f / tom;t&nfrmS jzL0if;vd@k aeonf? tpOfjyKH ;±$iI f azmfa±Gaomol. rsufESmonf awmfpGrf;aompnf;±Hk;a&;orm;tjzpfukdyifausmfvGefI oHwref aumif;tjzpfuydk g az:jyaeonf? ,if;ok@d jzifh b&efqidk ;f ESiu hf saemfonf ucsijf ynf e,f jrpfqakH 'oukt d a=umif;jyKI twdwu f jdk yefajymif;ajymrdavonf?” aqmif;yg;tqH;k wGiu f saemfonf atmufygtwkid ;f a&;om;xm;jyefavonf? “ok@d jzifu h saemfonf KI0trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D b&efqidk ;f zdw=f um;onfh ucsiXf mecsKyyf gcsKo d @dk tvnftywfEiS hf avhvma&;c&D;tjzpfomG ;&ef oabmwl vdu k o f nft h jyif aemufwacgub f &efqikd ;f tpnf;ta0;vmI tjyefc&D;wGif wyg wnf;usaemfvu kd yf gomG ;&efuydk g uwdjyKvu kd af vonf? ok@d &mwGif b&efqikd ;f rme,fyavmwGirf ;D cd;k wdwcf ahJ om ckid pf ;kd Edik af tmifvufxyfyGJ onf aemufwacgut f pnf;ta0;vm&ef vlrif;aetdrYf pDpOfaecdu k f ±kww f &ufO;D aemufxyfcs;D usL;zG,&f mrSm KI0. ucsiaf *[mjzpfonf? rme,fyavmwGif a%Smufa=umjywfIuG,v f eG cf ahJ vonf? TwGif usaemf.ygcsKo d @dk oGm;a&;ar#mf u&if+y;D v#if pepfwusEiS hf vlO;D a&t&aexkid o f nfrmS KI0yifjzpfonf? rme,f vifch suaf wmif}u;D onfvnf; wygwnf;uGt J ufuma=urGomG ;awmhonf?” yavmY tjrw J ef;aexkid o f nfrmS a'guw f mwl;*smESihf Akv d rf LS ;}u;D aZmfqidk ;f wd@k jzpf (qufvufazmfjyygrnf) .? wESpv f #iKf I0.toH;k p&dwrf mS ode;f 60 jzpfonf? KI0OuUXb&efqdkif;rSm zdwaf c:tyfygonf tpnf;ta0;&Sad omtcgwiG rf S ygcsKrd , S el ef/ ,leefrb S efaumuf +y;D v#iw f quf wnf; rme,fyavmok@d a&mufvmonf? KI0ESiehf tzwd@k typftcwf &yfp=J u tðyoabmaqmifonfh pmrlrsm;ESihf owif;tcsuftvufrsm; onfjyKaomtcg usaemfonf Adv k rf LS ;}u;D aZmfqidk ;f ukd tifwmAsL;vkycf iG &hf cJ. h ? Tok@d jzifh usaemfonf rme,fyavm&Sad wmifuek ;f ay:wGif Akv d rf LS ;}u;D aZmfqidk ;f tm; udk rnfolrqdkay;ydk@Edkifyga=umif; rdk;aomuf=u,f*sme,frS zdwaf c:tyfonf? tifwmAsL;vkycf &hJ avonf? &ufwadk exkid cf iG jhf zifh aexkid pf OfwiG f 'kuo Q nfcv dk cH_ iG u hf adk v#mufxm;cJ+h y;D / xkt d wkid ;f aevk@d &ygovm;? aexkid cf iG t hf rsKd ;tpm; &ufwadk exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mqko d nfrmS tvnftywfEiS hf acwW pD;yGm;a&;/ rdom;pktvnftywfponf&h nf&, G cf sujf zifh *syefEidk if o H @dk vmrnfo h rl sm; tm; ay;onfAh ZD mjzpfonf? &ufwadk exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mtrsKd ;tpm;rSm trsm;qk;H &uf(90)ay;+y;D / oufwrf;wk;d &ef vkt d yfonft h jyif tvkyv f yk cf iG hf r&So d nfAh ZD mjzpfI 'kuo Q nfrsm;ukv d ufcaH eonfh trsKd ;rsKd ;aomtzG@J tpnf;rsm;.0efaqmifru _ dk cH,El idk v f rd rhf nfr[kwaf y? xk@d a=umifh &ufwadk exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mjzifh aexkid af epOftwGi;f wGif 'kuo Q nfcv k c_H iG hf av#mufxm;onft h cg rdrad exkid &f m+rKd @e,fEiS hf oufqidk o f nfv h 0u&k;H ok@d oGm; a&muf+y;D / aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD mukd &ufwrdk &S uf&n S af exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mok@d ajymif;vJav#muf xm;&efvt dk yfonf? xkad jymif;vJav#mufxm;r_udk aexkid cf iG jhf yKumv rukeq f ;Hk rD av#mufxm;&rnf? uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuo Q nftrsKd ;tpm;rSm a&&Snaf exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mok@d ajymif;av#muf&ef twGuf vkt d yfonfph m&Gupf mwrf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfygonf/ (ok@d aomf um,uH&iS . f ta=umif;t&mtajctaeay:vku d I f xyfrjH znfph u G w f ifjy&efvrdk nfh pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;vnf; &Sad umif;&Sad yvdrrhf nf?) - ADZmajymif;cGiahf v#mufvm$ / - Ekid if jH cm;om;rSwyf w Hk ifu'f / - tpD&ifcpH m (oifah vsmo f nft h mrcHy*k K~ v d rf &SI d aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD majymif; &efvt dk yfa=umif; az:jyxm;onf?) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
21
vlaer+ywf0ef;usiaf exkid af &;vufppGJ mtkyt f !Ge;f
tar;tajzu¾
tcef; -1? owfrw S Of ya't&aqmif&u G rf _ 1-1 a&&Snaf exkid cf iG Ehf iS yhf wfoufI a&&Snaf exkid cf iG u hf &dk olonf rnfuo hJ @dk aexkid u f sio hf ;Hk vku d ef m&ygrnfv´J a&&Snaf exkid cf iG q hf o dk nfrmS w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D rS txl;t a=umif;t&mukad xmufxm;+y;D aexkid cf iG hf umvtwkid ;f twmuko d wfrw S +f y;D aexkid f cGiu hf dk todtrSwjf yKc&H oltm; ay;onfah e xkdifcGifhjzpfayonf? a&&SnfaexkdifcGifh&ol rSm *syefEidk if . H vkyif ef;qkid &f mwGif uef@owf r_r&Sdonf@twGuf tvkyfvkyfukdif&mwGif vkyif ef;qkid &f mcGijhf yKcsu, f &l efrvkad y? xk@d tjyif vifr,m;uGm&Si;f wm/ tvkyx f u G w f mrsKd ;awGrmS aexkid cf iG t hf rsK;d tpm;ukd ajymif;&efrvk?d 1? aexkid cf iG t hf rsdK;tpm;ESihf aexkid cf iG jhf yKumvukd aocsmpGmppfaq;yg? *syefEidk if w H iG f 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yKc&H ygu csucf si;f v0u±H;k &Sd wm0ef cHy*k Kd~ vt f m; aexkid cf iG jhf yKumvukd aocsmpGm ppfaq;+y;D *syefEidk if w H iG ;f wGif w&m; 0ifaexkdifEkdif&eftwGuf tjcm;aqmif¶Guf&ef vdktyf§rvkdtyfESifh aemufykdif; oufwrf;wk;d &ef b,fawmhavmufvmzk@d ukd ar;xm;oifo h nf? w&m;r0ifaexkid cf o hJ nfu h mvtwGi;f wGif 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufxm;cJo h rl mS oufoufaecGit hf rsKd ;tpm;ukad v#mufxm;&efvt dk yfayrnf? aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD mtrsKd ;tpm;ESihf aexkid cf iG u hf mvrSm ywfpyk@d wGif qD;vf(ok@d )wHqyd f jzifhaz: jyxm;ayrnf? rdrzd momaocsmpGm ppfaq;=unfEh idk af yonf? r=unfw h wfygu oufqidk &f m e,fajr&Sad 'oqkid &f m v0u±k;H wGi&f adS om Ekid if jH cm;om;aexkid cf iG t hf axGaxGtifaz: ar;&Si;f pifwmrS pDpOfay;Ekid yf gI xkXd mewGif aqG;aEG;wkid yf ifEidk yf gonf? 2? aexkid cf iG u fh mvoufwrf;wk;d aqmif±u G &f ef? a&&Snaf exkid cf iG &hf olonf 1 ESp(f ok@d ) 3 ESpjf ynfch ge;D u oufwrf;wk;d &efvt dk yf onf? xko d @dk oufwrf;wk;d zk@d rvkyv f #if oufwrf;ausmv f eG o f mG ;+y;D xkad e@rSp+y;D w&m;r0ifaexkid rf j_ zpfomG ;+y;D / Ekid if w H iG ;f rSjyefy@dk cH&rnfjzpfonfudk owdjyKapvkyd g onf? aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD moufwrf;wk;d &efrmS rdrad exkid &f m +rKd @e,f§&yfuu G Ef iS hf oufqidk f onfv h 0u±k;H wGijf yKvyk &f rnf? oufwrf;wk;d av#mufjcif;ukd oufwrf;rukerf D ESpv f cef@tvkrd pS +y;D }uKd wifvyk af qmifEidk o f nft h wGuf }udKwifjyifqifxm;Ekdif ayonf? uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuo Q nfrsm; a&&Snaf exkid cf iG Ahf ZD moufwrf;wk;d av#mufxm;&m wGif vkt d yfonfph m&Gupf mwrf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf? (ok@d aomf tajctaeta=umif;t&may: rlwnf+y;D aemuf xyfrjH znfph u G w f ifjy &ef pm±Gupf mwrf;rsm;vkt d yfygvrd rhf nf/ ) (u) aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD m oufwrf;wk;d av#mufvm$ (c ) tvkyaf xmufcpH m (* ) tpD&ifcH wifjypm (oifah vsmo f nfh tmrcHy*k Kd~ vf r&SI d aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD moufwrf;wk;d av#mufxm; vko d nft h a=umif;/ tusKd ;ta=umif; ckid v f pHk ma&;om;xm;jcif;-ponf)h wzufpmrsufEmS od@k
rd;k aomuf=u,ft,f'w D mrif;rsm;cifAsm;? usaemf&h ifxrJ mS r&Si;f wmwck&v dS @kd ar;csiyf gw,f? bmvnf;qdak wmh &jzL*su D sxm;+y;D om;trsK;d orD;wa,mufu ol@ud, k o f l *syefrmS v_y&f mS ;aewJh pmaytzJ@G tpnf;wckuwm0efcw H a,mufyg/ Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;wckrmS vnf; t"duae&muae wm0ef,v l y_ &f mS ;aewJo h w l a,mufq+kd y;D rdwq f ufpum;qdyk gw,f? aemufawmh ol@wd@k &J@pmaytzG@J tpnf; ta=umif;/ Edik if aH &;ta=umif;awGukd ud, k &f nfaoG;pum;qd+k y;D tJ'gawGa=umifh &jzL*su D swmvd@k usaemfw@kd ajymygw,f? usaemfw@kd vnf; olajymcsiw f mudk ajym Edik af tmif onf;cH+y;D em;axmifay;=uygw,f? qH;k vnf;qH;k a&m ol@vdrk sKd;&jzL*sD& csi&f if tckow l @kd usi;f yrJh pmaya[majymyJaG wGrmS 0ifyg&r,f? tJ't D wGuf *syef ,ef;waomif;ay;&r,f? tJ'v D akd iGwaomif;ay;&if pma&;q&mawGu axmuf cHpma&;ay;r,f? 'gqd&k if v0urSm&jzL*sD&zd@k twGuf taxmuftxm;wck taeeJ@wifEikd w f ,fq+kd y;D tmabmiftm&if;oefoefe@J ajymygw,f? oluawmh aiGvckd sifwahJ vmbaZmwckxeJ @J ajymaerSe;f odayr,hf pdwrf aumif;wmu ol ajymovdrk sKd; jynfya&mufvmwJh usaemfw@kd &J@ pma&;q&mawGu *syefaiGw aomif;ay;&if axmufcpH ma&;ay;w,fqw kd m [kwrf [kwf &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;od csifv@kd ar;=unfw h mygæ 'Dupd eP @J ywfouf+y;D yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif;ajym&&if tckvv kd yk pf m;aewJh taygpm;pma&; q&mawGa&m/ olw@kd &J@atmufqaGJ wGa&m/ tjznfah wmfcaH wGa&mr&Sb d ;l r[kwyf g bl;/ &Syd gw,f? 'gayrJh tJ't D xJrmS vltrsm;av;pm;+y;D *k%o f u d mQ &Sw d hJ pma&; q&m}u;D awGwa,mufrrS ygb;l qdw k mudak wmh &J&0J 0hH ahH jymjy&apAsmæ/ rd;k aomuf=u,fa&æ/ jrefrmjynfrmS ukeaf ps;E_e;f awGtqrwefwufaew,fw?hJ usrwd@k &Smor#e@J yd@k or#aiGu bmrSprk ad qmif;rdwmr&Sb d ;l jzpfaew,fv@kd tdru f vlawGuajymaew,f? 'Dtwdik ;f qd&k if usrwd@k wawG *syefrmS atmufajcodr;f tvkyv f yk &f if;eJ@ b0awGuek q f ;kH awGr,fxifygw,f&iS æ f ? b,fvv kd yk &f if aumif;rvJqw kd m t=u^H m%fay;ygOD;æ tJ'v D rkd sK;d rjzpfapcsi&f if ud, k Ehf ikd if &H @J pepfq;kd }u;D ajymif;vJz@kd twGuf 'Dru kd a&pD wdu k yf rGJ mS wwyfwtm;0ifa&mufvy_ &f mS ;ygv@kd t=uaH y;csiyf gw,fAsmæ [Jvrkd ;kd aomuf=u,fæ? ESpq f ef;w&ufae@rSmxl;r,fv@kd ajymae=u+y;D tckawmh vnf; bmrSjzpfrvmygvm;Asæ bmrSjzpfrvmqdk bmrSrvkyaf o;vd@k omrSwAf sm? jzpfvmzk@d twGuf usaemfw@kd cifAsm;wd@k rSmvnf; wm0efawGu, kd pf &D =dS uygw,fæ
[Jvrkd ;kd aomuf=u,fæ? usaemfAsm jrefrmjynfah &Sc› &D;ED;S aESmzvS,yf q GJ v kd @kd jrefrmEdik if o H m;wa,muftaeeJ@ oGm;a&mufwufryd gw,fAsm? 0ifa=u;qd+k y;D ,ef;waxmifvnf;tawmif;cH&ao;w,f? 'D=um;xJ bmrvky&f nmrvky&f qdk G m;wJh ud, k ahf ±$jrefrmarmif +y;D ae&if;xkid &f if;eJ@ (STAFF)vd@k vnfyif;pmqJx rif;}u;D om;rsm;&J@ q&mvkyyf g0gjyjcif;udv k nf;cH&ao;w,f? ydq k ;kd wmu jrefrm 0ef}u;D csKyfqw kd yhJ *k Kd~ vf&@J vHjk cKH a&;twGuq f +kd y;D abmf'*D 'fawGuvnf; rsufpu D kd aemufaewmbJ? *syeftpd;k &&J@wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfawGa&m/ Edik if jH cm;oHwrefawG ygvm=uygw,f? bmabmf'*D 'frrS &Syd gb;l Asmæ? tJ'v D v dk yk w f mu *syefvrl sK;d awG twGuf &,fp&mjzpfaew,fqw kd mudk ajymcsifygw,fAsmæ 'gqv kd nf; touf&n S af tmif ud, k yf gow l @kd eJ@twla&m+y;D &,fvu dk Af smæ rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
«
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
22
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; (1) *syefrmS aewJh usaemf&h @J rdwaf qGwOD; xHu *sme,fwapmif&vd@k pdw0f ifpm; pGmyJ usaemfzwfjzpfcyhJ gw,f? 2006 ck ESp/f arvrSmxkwaf 0wJh ae&Sief ,f*sm e,f trSwpf Of 2 yJ jzpfygw,f? 'D*sm e,fukd yxrOD;qk;H zwfz;l wmyg? pmay/ tEkynm/ ,Ofaus;r_pwmawG tawmf av;pkw H hJ *sme,fwapmifyjJ zpfygw,f? 'D*sme,fxJrSm tifwmAsL;awGvJ ygw,f? ‘rd;k oD;ZGeef @J pum;ajymjcif;’qdk wJh tifwmAsL;udzk wfrpd OfrmS pOf;pm;p &mawG ay:vmcJyh gw,f? tifwmAsL;udk vkyo f u l udo k &l ed x f uf/ ajz=um;olu udrk ;kd oD;ZGe/f ta=umif;t&mu 2006 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D *syefrmS udrk ;kd oD;ZGef a[majymoGm;wJh t}uKd uq f ;Hk pmtkyef @J r}uKd uw f phJ mtkyt f a=umif;yJjzpfygw,f?
ueDwt d ay:rSm omreft&yfom;wOD; jrifxm;wJh usaemft h jrife@J pifjrifah y:u q&mudkrdk;oD;ZGefjrifwJhtjrifESpfckudk azmfjyjcif;r#omyJjzpfygw,f? (2) udrk ;kd oD;ZGe&f @J avmueDwad y:rSmjrifwhJ tjrifukd zwfaepOfwcsed w f nf;rSmyJ us aemford ;f xm;wJv h ufppJG mtkyaf v;awG udt k rSw&f rdw,f? usaemfv h ufppJG mtkyf awGqw kd m r=umr=umjyefzwfavh&w dS hJ usaemfwefz;kd xm;wJh pmtkyaf v;awGyJ jzpfygw,f? 'DxJrSm&Gmuq&mawmf ausmif;rSmoif,lcJh&wJh q,fapmifwGJ pmtkyaf v;wtkyv f t J ygt0ifjzpfygw,f? tJonfpmtkyaf v;xJrmS y&dw}f u;D (11)okwftjyif tjyifatmifjcif;/ t wGi;f atmifjcif;/ &wema&$csKd i/hf eruUm&/ avmueDwq d ;Hk rpmpaom tajccHoif
avmueDwud akd vhvmjcif; bke;f }uD;ausmif;om; (,lpb D muav)
tifwmAsL;vkyo f el @J ajz=um;olEpS Of ;D pvk;H [m vdw k &kd iS ;f ar;+y;D vk&d if;awGukd ajz=um;xm;wmudu k saemfzwf&ygw,f? &nf&G,fcsufu pmaya[majymyGJudkr wufa&mufEikd cf =hJ uwJh ta0;a&mufpm zwfy&dowfrsm;twGuyf jJ zpfygw,f? ajz=um;olurkd ;kd oD;ZGeu f oljrifwt hJ jrifukd ajymoGm;w,fv@kd usaemfjrifyg w,f? 'guvJ vGwfvyfpGmjrifydkifcGifh/ ajymydik cf iG &hf ydS gw,f? rSm;w,f/ rSew f ,f qdw k mvJ avmueDwed @J tvSr;f ra0;wJh y&dowf}u;D u tuJjzwfaerSmyg? *syef ud k r a&muf b l ; wJ h ta0;uusaemf awmif 'DtifwmAsL;udzk wf&+y;D pOf;pm;p &mawGay:vmao;w,fq&kd if 'Dpmay a[majymyGJrSm ukd,fwdkifwufa&muf em;axmif=uwJh y&dowftaeeJ@ us aemfxufyI kd od&cdS pH m;rd=urSmyg? 'Daqmif;yg;udak &;om;jcif;[m avm
cef;pmrsm;yg0ifaeygw,f? ud&k ifawGe@J ausmif;om;awG[m oifcef;pmrsm;udk wck+y;D wckoif,&l ygw,f? q&mawmf &J@vufaxmufO;D yZif;rsm;u tvSnhf =uoifay;avh&Sdygw,f? usaemfhudk avmueDwed @J pwifrw d q f ufay;cJw h phJ m oifausmif;uawmh usaemfw@kd aus;&Gm ubke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;yifjzpfygw,f? aEG&moDausmif;ydw&f ufawGrmS bm oma&;tajccHpmayeJ@ Ak'p< maytajccH rsm;udo k ifz@kd bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;rSm usaemftjraJ &mufaewwfygw,f? us aemfwifruygb;l / usaemfw@kd e,fom; awGtm;vkH;vdkvdk ±Gmubkef;awmf}uD; ausmif;eJ@ruif;=uygb;l ? usaemfw@kd &J@ bd;k ab;vufxufuwnf;u oif,cl hJ =u&wJh bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ynma&; eJ@ ra0;cJ=h uygb;l ? usaemfw@kd jrefrmjynfom;awG bke;f
awmf}u;D ausmif;ynma&;udk ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmoif,cl =hJ uygw,f? ,ae@tcsed f txdvJ oif,al e=uqJjzpfygw,f? t aemufwikd ;f ynma&;awG jrefrmjynf wGi;f rSm rxGe;f um;rDuwnf;u jrefrm vlxu k kd todtvdrmR ay;cJw h m/ jrefrmy nm&Si}f u;D awGukd arG;xkwaf y;cJw h w hJ uUov kd af wG[m bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif; awGyjJ zpfygw,f? q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrKSd i;f / a,m rif;}u;D OD;zd;k vdKS i/f pavOD;yknpwJh ynm &Si}f u;D awG ynmoifcw hJ ahJ e&mawG[m bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;awGyg? tu,fI om taemufEikd if u H wuUov kd }f u;D awG vdk t*Fvyd b f momuJo h @kd tifwmae&Sif e,fjzpfwhJ bmompum;&yfwckcek @J om Ak'p< mayudk oif=um;ay;r,fq&kd if us aemfwdk@jrefrmEdkifiHu bkef;awmf}uD; ausmif;ynma&;pepf[mvJ Edik if w H um tqifrh jD zpfrmS aocsmw,f? ydu k q f t H uket f ustenf;qk;H ynma&; pepfwckjzpfygw,f? ,ae@tcsed t f xd wdk;wufjyef@yGm;aewJh jrefrmjynfwGif; rSm wnf&adS e=uwJh pmoifwu kd }f u;D awG [mvJ pm;/ 0wf/ aea&;tm;vk;H udk tv um;ay;+yD; &[ef;ynm&SifawG ynm wwfawGudkarG;xkwfay;aewJh a&S;t us qk;H Ak'w < uUov kd }f u;D awGyg? &Sirf [moDv0Ho/ &Sirf [m&Ïom&/ &SiOf wW rausm/f Aef;armfq&mawmf/ o*FZmq &mawmf/ v,fwq D &mawmf/ refvnf q&mawmf/ q&mawmfO;D OwWr/ q&m awmfO;D 0dpm&/ r[m*E<m±Hq k &mawmfp wJh Edik if aH usm&f [ef;ynm&S}d u;D awGtm; vk;H 'Dausmif;awGuxGucf =hJ uwmygy?J (3) usaemfwdk@tckEdkifiHjcm;rSm ausmif; wufae=uw,f? ynmoifpm;&dwu f aps;}u;D ygw,f? bmoma&;eJ@ywfouf vdk@ oifcsif&ifawmif tvum;r&yg bl;? bmoma&;udo k ifay;wJh oD;oef@ ausmif;awGuvJ odyaf ps;}u;D ygw,f? wuUov kd af wGrmS oifaewJh tjynfjynf qdik &f mbmoma&;ar*smuawmh tjcm; bmom&yfrsm;enf;wl aps;twlwyl gy?J bmynmudrk # tvum;r&ygb;l cifAsm? usaemfajymvdkwmu avmueDwd ta=umif;yg? avmueDwt d a=umif;udk pwifajymqdak e&if;eJ@ =um;0if+y;D bke;f
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
awmf}u;D ausmif;ynma&;pepfukd rjzpfr aeajym&jcif;[m avmueDwdawG&Sif oefaewJh aemufcaH usm±d;k udk oJupJG mG jrifvmatmif wifjyjcif;jzpfygw,f? avmueDwu d kd poif&wJyh xrOD;qk;H ae@rSm usaemfw@kd uav;rsm;&Jq h &m OD; Zif;av;ajymcJw h hJ avmueDwd rdwq f uf pum;awGurkd w S rf ad eygao;w,f? avmuqdw k m ‘b0’vd@k t"dyg` ,&f dS w,f/ eDwdqdkwmuawmh‘vrf;n$ef’/ avmueJ@eDwd yk'fESpfckudkaygif;awmh avmueDwd ‘b0vrf;nGef’vdk@ t"d y`g,&f w,fu@JG ? ‘avmueDw-d b0vrf;nGe’f vd@k wdk wdek @J xdrw d t hJ "dyg` ,u f kd OD;Zif;av;&Si;f jycJh wm usaemfw@kd ausmif;om;av;awGe@J ud&k ifawGO;D a%SmufxrJ mS pGo J mG ;w,f? uav;b0u q&mrdbawGvrf; nGev f @kd oif=um;cJ&h wJh avmueDwo d if cef;pmawGudk udk,fhOm%frjynfh0ao; vd@k av;av;eufeufrouf0ifEikd af omf vJ t=urf;zsif;tm;jzifh usaemfwdk@u av;awG em;vnfc=hJ uygw,f? wu,f vJyJ b0vrf;n$efpmayrsm;omjzpfyg w,f? wOD;wa,mufuckd sKycf s,zf @kd t wif;vdu k ef mzd@k tiftm;ok;H +y;D nGe=f um; xm;wmr&Syd gb;l ? pmaumif;ayaumif; vrf;n$efr_ aumif;awGjzpfvdk@omyJ rdbq&mol awmfaumif;}u;D awGu uav;rsm;t wGuo f ifcef;pmrSm aumif;Ed;k Ed;k &m&mt jzpfe@J oifjyzd@k &nf&, G cf w hJ myg? avmu eDwx d rJ mS ygwhJ qk;H rvrf;!$erf t _ m;vk;H [mvJ rSwo f m;p&mawGyjJ zpfygw,f? 'guvJ usaemfw@kd ay:rSmyJ rlwnfae ygw,f? twif;t=uyfrjzpfraevky&f r,fv@kd rajymxm;ygb;l ? }uKd u&f ifusihf r}uKd u&f ifvrJ usiehf @J ud, k o hf abmygy?J usaemfw@kd awG Ak'b < momudk ouf0if ,kH=unfovdkygyJ? Ak'
23
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 &wmr&So d vdk uwdjyKxm;wmawGvJ r 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 avmuqdw k m ‘b0’vd@k t"dyg` ,&f w dS ,f/ &Syd gb;l ? taESmiftzG@J rsm;&J@[drk mS bufqD 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 udk vGwv f yfpmG oGm;Edik zf @kd twGuf &nf 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 eDwq d w kd mu awmh‘vrf;n$e’f / 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 &G,x f m;wJh ,k=H unfcsu/f OD;wnfcsuf 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 avmueJ@eDwd yk'Ef pS cf u k akd ygi;f awmh avmueDwd rSm tºuif;rJeh mcH&r,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 ‘b0vrf;nGe’f vd@k t"d y`g,&f w,fu@JG ? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 awGtwGuf tqifajyrSmr[kwb f ;l ? tJ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 onftqdktqkH;rawG/ vrf;n$efr_awG 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 [mvJ ,ae@tcsed t f xd jrefrmrSma&m twdyad ,m e umwaAŠm/ urBmrSm wnf&adS wmhrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? csr;f omEdik yf grh vm;? ypPn;f OpPmr&S/d rdwf cavm aumwl[vH ua&m? d o hJ l usaemfoifcb hJ ;l wJt h awG@t=uKaH v; aumif;aqGaumif;r&S/d csr;f omr&Sw od&om 0[rmaemyd/ k v kd jf yKz@kd aum vG,u f l rsm;eJ@ zwfcJhbl;or# avmueDwdt [m aumif;r_uo tÅ yla&m CaËm ,xm? yg r h vm;As m ? aemuf q ; H k tus K ; d quf j z pf a=umif;a&;xm;=uwJh pmtkyaf wG&@J &Si;f ol,w k o f rl u kd u f kd tvGet f uJrcspf csurf sm;t& avmueDwo d ifcef;pmrSm wJh oHo&muxGuf edAmŠ efvrf;qDwuf cifbJ ykrH eS o f abmr#omcspfcifoifw h hJ tcef;(7)cef;yg&w dS ,f? ynm&Siu f ¾/ zd@k &mvJa0;+yaD yg?h ta=umif;udk rjynfah oma&td;k udk OD; (4) olawmfaumif;u¾/ ol,w k rf mu¾/ f t hJ cg abmifbifcwfI ol a wmf a umif ; u¾rS m ygaom acgif;ay:±Guw rdwaf qGu¾/ trsKd ;orD;u¾/ &Sib f k ql n r H r _ sm;ud j k y Kwwf jcif;jzifh Oyrmay; avmueD w d & J @ tqd k t rd e f @ rsm;[mvJ &ifu¾/ taxGaxGu¾rsm;yifjzpf k ygw,f? ynm&Siu f ¾rSmygwhJ ygV*d gxm rSwfom;p&myifjzpfygw,f? tqdyft n$e=f um;xm;jcif;yJjzpfygw,f? 'Dtqdt (uAsm)av;wyk'fudk jrnf;prf;=unfh& awmufjzpfp&m tºuif;rJeh mcHa&;awGr rde@f oabm[m tjyifavmurSmvJ w f #u&f adS eygw,f? ygovdk uyfab;usa&mufp&mvJr&Syd g? u,fyifjzpfysuv atmifAsm? ynmt&nftcsi;f tm;eJ&mS wJo h al wG enf;,lp&m twk,pl &mrsm;eJ@ azmfjy tvo\ ukawm ody/`H [m qif ; &J j c if ; / cs r ; f omj c if ; avmu"H xm;j c if ; j z pf y g w ,f ? ol a wmf a umif ; t tody\ ` ukawm "eH? H t hJ cg odoo d mom v_y&f mS ; cef;rSmyg0ifaom atmufygpum;rsm; awGe@J =uKw t"e\ ukawm rdw/HW f eG ;f vd@k udk avhvm=unfhygu avmueDwd&J@ wwf=uygw,f? 0rf;omaysm&f i$ v trdw\ W ukawm okc?H f 0ifjrifo h mG ;=uwmrsKd ;/ wefz;kd udk jrwfE;kd p&mtjzpfjrifomG ;rSmyg? atmufajcvGwb tokc\ ukawm ykn/H aus;Zl;&So d l av;pm;xdu k o f rl sm;udyk if oABad &0 ormaox/ tykn\ ukawm 0&H? aus;Zl ; uef ; wwf w mrsd K ;awG vJ jzpf oAB d uk a AŠ x oEˆ 0 ? H ynmoifwt hJ &G,rf mS ynmroifbJ wwf=uygw,f? owH o'
Oyrmav;eJ@xif&mS ;atmif ajymxm;yg w,f? Oyrmu ‘cE<mud, k rf mS aygufwhJ tema&m*g[m cE<mud, k rf mS jzpfaomf vJ vluakd umif;usKd ;rjyKbJ cE<mud, k t f jyifbufta0;rSmaewJh opf&u G o f pfjrpf awGu temaysmufapzd@k aq;buf0if w,f/ ud, k t hf wGut f emaysmufjcif;/ csrf;omjcif;tusdK;udk ay;ovdyk ’J wJ?h odyaf umif;wJt h awG;tjrifawGyjJ zpf ygw,f? usaemfwdk@woufvkH; ESvkH; om;rSmaqmifxm;oifah vwJh ynm&Spd um;av;awGygyJ? ypf&ufp&m rsuf uG,jf yKp&mudrk &Sb d ;l Asm? 'Dpum;awGrmS qifjcifww Hk &m;awGtjynfyh gw,f? vlr_ qufqHa&;awGrSm em;vnfr_awG& atmif }uKd wifaqG;aEG;jyxm;w,f? }uKd wifox d m;avawmh wu,fwrf;=uKH vmwJhtcgawGrSm vkyfwwfudkifwwf pdwx f m;wwfawmh tqifajyoGm;wm yJ? waoG; woH wrde@f qdw k mudk 'Dae &mrSm pOf;pm;p&mudrk vdak wmhb;l ? (5) aumudvmeH o'NH ±ly/H em&d±yl H ywdAw Š m? 0dZm… ±lyH t±lyge/H crm ±lyH wy\de?H 'D*gxmav;uawmh trsdK;orD;u ¾rSmygwJh yxrOD;qk;H *gxmav;jzpfyg w,f? O=oiSuw f @kd &J@tvS[m olw@kd wGeu f sL;wJt h oH/ rde;f uav;wd@k &J@tvS [m tdro f m;tay:0,fwm0efausjcif;/ tusnf;wefow l @kd &J@tvS[m ynmt &nftcsif;/ &aoh&[ef;wd@k &J@ tvS[m onf;cHjcif;wJ?h aumif;vdu k w f hJ tawG;tjrift,l tqawGAsm? usaemfuawmh tay:,H avmufyJ tawG;tjrifawG[m aumif; aerSe;f odw,f? avmueDwq d &m&J@ ES vk;H om;uvmwJh tav;eufq;Hk tjrif ukad wmh ynm&Sirf sm;omouf0ifEikd rf mS yg? ynm&Siw f @kd &J@t&momjzpfygw,f? tqif;ta&mifrGJrGJeJ@ rJaewJhO=o av;&J @ tvS u d k toH v d k @ azmf j yxm; w,f? rde;f uav;&J@tvSurkd suEf mS / &if/ wif/ cg;vd@k rjrifbJ tdro f m;tay:rSm t =uifemw&m; wm0ef0wW&m;vd@k jrifjy xm;w,f? tusn;f weft±kyq f ;kd udv k J tm;ay;xm;w,f/ olwdk@tvSu t wwfynm t&nftcsif;ygwJhAsm? ol
24
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; awmfpif&aoh&[ef; rsm;=ujyefawmh ud, k u f siw hf &m;udk xif[yfapwJh onf; cHjcif;w&m;wJ?h trsdK;orD;rsm;&J@ u¾vdk@omqdk w,f trsKd ;orD;awGta=umif;yJ azmfjy wmr[kwyf gb;l ? tjcm;olawGt&mawG ta=umif;vJygaew,f? trsKd ;orD;awG udk wzufowfErdS x f m;wmvJr&Syd gb;l ? 'DacwftaeeJ@ajym&if rde;f uav;awG&@J tcGit hf a&;udk rxdcu kd af pbJ trSeu f ef qk;H tjrife@J jrifjy/ wifjyxm;wmyg? 'Dpum;awGudk pmzwfolavhvm =unfyh g? wzufapmif;eif;eJ@ igwaum aumaewJh tawG;tjrifavoHawG yg rsm;ygaeovm;vdk@? usaemfhtjrifrSm awmh wzufapmif;eif;oabmrsKd ; vk;H 0 r&Syd gb;l ? r#ajcvJ&w dS ,f? b0&J@tvS awGudkvJjrifxm;w,f? O=oav;udk awmif *k%w f ifvu kd af o;w,f? ol@ud*k % k jf ri‡ /hf ud, k *hf % k jf rif. h / ol@ ud*k % k Ef rdS /hf ud, k *hf % k ef rd . hf / ,Gi;f azmuf rvd/k 0efrwdEk iS hq f w kd hJ oabmtwdik ;f yg yJ? avmueDwq d &m[m tvSu, kd pf D udk =unfhjrifokH;oyfazmfjyoGm;wmyg? 'ga=umifv h J eDwad wGxrJ mS avmueDwd [m pHerlemxm;p&mjzpfcw hJ myg? ,ae@ txdvJ bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ynmoif =um;a&;tcef;u¾rSm ae&m,lxm;qJ jzpfygw,f? trsdK;orD;rsm;u¾+yD;awmh bk&if awG&@J u¾udk qufvufazmfjyxm;yg w,f? wdik ;f jynfwjynfut kd yk cf sKyaf ewJh rif;odk@r[kwf acgif;aqmifawGeJ@ywf oufwt hJ a=umif;t&mawGukd t=ujH yK xm;wmyg? 'Dtcef;u¾av;[mvJ pdw0f ifpm;zd@k aumif;ygw,f? usaemfa±G; cs,x f m;wJh *gxmav;udzk wf=unfyh gO;D cifAsm? rmwm ykww W &H ygy/H od\ygyH *k&k wxm? &mZm &Ïu&H ygy/H &mZygyH yka&m[dawm? raumif;r_ukd om;orD;jyKvkyw f t hJ cg rdbjyKwmeJ@wlw,f? raumif;r_ukd wynfu h jyKvyk w f t hJ cg q&mvkyw f meJ@ wlw,f? jynfoljynfom;awGu r aumif;r_jyKwJhtcg wdkif;jynfacgif; aqmifjyKwmeJ@wlw,f? wdik ;f jynfacgif; aqmifraumif;r_jyKwJt h cg tpd;k &wzG@J
Moe Thauk Kye Journal vk;H (ok@d )tpd;k &udu k , kd pf m;jyKwJh vlxjk yK vkyw f meJ@twlwyl v J @kd qdv k ykd gw,f? usaemfw@kd jrefrmpum;rSm om;orD; raumif;awmhrdbacgif;/ wynfhr aumif;awmhq&mhacgif;/ jynfojl ynf om;raumif;awmh wdkif;jynfacgif; aqmifacgif;/ wdik ;f jynfacgif;aqmifr aumif;awmhEikd if aH cgif;/ jynfov l x l k acgif;qdo k vdyk J jzpfygw,f? 'Dtjrifu usaemfw@kd awG&@J &ifxrJ mS &Sad eyg+y?D usaemfw@kd wawG[m b,frmS yJaeaerdb/ q&morm;/ wdik ;f jynf&@J *k%fudkaqmifzdk@ todpdwf"mwf&Sdwm [m wu,fawmhavmueDwq d &m&J@ aus;Zl;yg? Ak'p< mayuvmwJh ,Ofaus;r_ awG [ m usaemf w d k @ aoG ; xJ r S m ygae w,f?avmueDwrd &l if;pmudk aemufq;Hk azmfjy&r,fu h ¾uawmh taxGaxGt a=umif;yJjzpfygw,f? 'd0g em'dumQ 0wWAmŠ / &awWm t0paee p? oÌ&wd b,m bDawm/ 0ae 0ep&D ,xm? ae@tcgywf0ef;usiu f =kd unf+h y;D rS p um;qdkyg? ntcgar;jref;pDppf+yD;rS p um;qdkyg? Oyrmtm;jzifh awmxJrSm a=umuf±GH@pGmeJ@ vSnfhvnfaewJhrkqdk; [m ta&S@ taemuf awmif ajrmuf av;yg;ud±k p_ m;um awmwGi;f rSm vSnhf vnf&ovdkyJ pum;ajymoifha=umif; t=uaH y;xm;wmyg? ae@ajymaemuf = unh f / najym atmuf=unfq h w kd phJ um;twdik ;f ygy?J t a&;}u;D wJph um;udak jymawmhr,fq&kd if ayguf = um;r_ r jzpf & atmif awmif ajrmufav;yg;udk t&ifavhvm=unf+h y;D awmhrS pdwcf svufcse@J pum;ajymoifh a=umif;udk vrf;n$ex f m;wmyg? twk,l oifah omt&myifjzpfygw,f? (6) avmueDwq d &m&J@ tcef;(7)cef;udk rdwq f uftaeeJ@ *gxmwyk'pf u D x kd w k f E_wu f m usaemfwifjyxm;ygw,f? rdwf qufqdkaomfvJ *gxmwyk'fcsif;pD[m oufqdkif&mtcef;u¾awGtwGuf udk,fpm;jyKum oufa&mufr_vJ t xdu k t f avsmuf&adS eygw,f? a,bk,s tm;jzifh avmueDwu d jkd cKiH I Hk jrifwwf oGm;rSmyg?
avmueDwq d w kd mbmvJ/ avmueD wdqw kd m tqd;k jrif0g'vm;/ taumif; jrif0g'vm;/ obm0trSew f &m;udk jrif wwfw0hJ g'vm;/ tm%m&Siu f kd tm;ay; wJh0g'vm;/ qifjcifwkHw&m;uif;rJhwJh 0g'vm;/ waoG; woH wrde@f pepfvm;/ t=urf;zufr_ rw&m;r_awGukd tm;ay; aewJh0g'vm;/ tºuif;rJhemcHa&;0g' vm;/ tJ'v D m;aygi;f rsm;pGmudk pmzwfy&d owfudk,fwdkifyJajzyg? 'Daqmif;yg;udk zwfovdk udrk ;kd oD;ZGe&f @J tifwmAsL;udv k J jyefzwfyg? rwlnDaomtjrif/ wlnD aomtjrif/ pmzwfo&l @J tjrifopftm; vk;H [m &ifxrJ mS ay:vmrSmyg? tjrifwckudk usaemftjypfrwif vdyk g? 'Daqmif;yg;rSm usaemfazmfjywJh t jrifawG tmabmfawGuawmh usaemfh ±Gmu bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;rSm usaemf udk,fwdkifoif,lcJhbl;wJh avmueDwd usr;f &J@tqdt k rde@f rsm;/ wenf;tm;jzifh usaemfodaom em;vnfaomtjrif rsm;omjzpfygw,f? (7) usaemf h r S m wck a jymp&m&S d y gao; w,f? tifwmAsL;xJrSm ppftkyfpku avmueDwu d kd jyefvnfyx JG w k w f ,fv@kd ud k r d k ; oD ; ZG e f a jymxm;ygw,f ? jzpf aumif;jzpfrmS yg? avmueDwu d kd r}uKd uf wJhpmtjzpf udkrdk;oD;ZGefy,fvdkufwm [m ppftyk pf u k kd rke;f wD;I qef@usiv f I kd ajymwmvd@k vJ xifv@kd &ygw,f? ppftyk pf u k avmueDww d ifruyg/ r*Fvokwu f v kd J jyefvnfyx JG w k w f myg yJ? usaemfvyJ J ppftyk pf u k kd jyif;jyif;xef xefqef@usio f w l a,mufygy?J ppftyk pf k udk usaemfutjrifuyfwikd ;f / rke;f wdik ;f om 'Dpmaumif;awGudkr}udKufbl;vdk@
usaemftaeeJ@ rajymEdik yf gcifAsm;? ol@t ydik ;f eJ@ol usaemfcjJG rifygw,f? a&mvdu k f r,fq&kd if tm;vk;H ±_yaf xG;oGm;rSmyg? r*F vokw/f avmueDwpd wJh vrf;nGeaf wG [m ppftyk pf rk ay:cifuwnf;u&Sad e ESiyhf g+y?D usaemfw@kd jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_e,f xJrmS ae&m,lxm;+y;D jzpfygw,f? Oyrmtm;jzifph mqdak usmef wf&iS af emif ta=umif;udk 'Dae&mrSmpyf[yfajym&if ydak umif;rSmyg? jrefrmhordik ;f rSm yxrOD; qkH; e,fcsJ@eJ@aygif;+yD; trsdK;om;opPm azmufjzpfcw hJ o hJ [ l m *EW0ifpmqdek wf&iS f aemifyjJ zpfygw,f? Edik if aH &;t& usaemf wd@k tm;vk;H ewf&iS af emifukd trsKd ;om; opPmazmuftjzpfqef@usi&f rSmyg?owf vJowfvu kd =f uvd@k aooGm;cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fhAsmæ ol@pmawGuawmh ,ae@tcsdeftxd jrefrmpmaye,frSm wcrf;wem;&Sad eygao;w,f? ‘ESarmif; jroGi/f nGe@f =uqifI/ &ifv h #iw f csKd @/ a±$ od@k wydik ;f / yifwikd ;f pko H m/ a0aomcgr’S p wJh ewf&iS af emif&wkawGukd usaemfw@kd b,fvjkd ypf&uf=urSmvJ? pmaumif;ay aumif;awG[m vlraumif;wdik ;f wef zd;k usoGm;w,fv@kd r&Syd gbl;? usaemfw@kd wawG vle@J pm/ tzG@J tpnf;eJ@ywf0ef; usifuckd jJG rifryS J tqifajyrSmyg? avmueDwdrSm udkrdk;oD;ZGefajymo vdk om;orD;usi0hf wf/ rdbusi0hf wf/ q &mwynf h u sif h 0 wf / jynf o l e J @ acgif ; aqmifusi0hf wf pwmawGrygoavmuf ygbJ? usaemfwdk@i,fi,fu Avmpm tkyaf wGaemufausmzk;H rSmygaewJh od*gF avm0g'usifh0wfawGeJ@ a&maeykH&yg w,f? [kwyf gw,f? ‘au|;arG;rysuf/ aqmuf±u G pf rD ef/ arGcx H u kd af p’pwJh v uFmawGu usi0hf wft*Fgtcsut f vuf
avmueDwq d &m[m aemifvmaemufom;awGaumif;usdK;twGuf aumif;uGuu f &kd mS I 'DpmawGuzkd efw;D cJh pkaqmif;cJw h mjzpfv@kd avmueDw&d @J pmvk;H wdik ;f rSm arwWmawGouf0ifaeyg w,fcifAsm;? olomtjrifawGusOf; ajrmif;cJrh ,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd awG 'Dpm awGukd zwfciG hf oifciG &hf rSmr[kwb f ;l ? q&mawmfO;D Ak'u f vJ 'DpmawGukd bmomjyefcrhJ mS r[kwb f ;l As?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
25
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; awGjzpfygw,f? tckavmueDwu d awmh tawG;t jrifav;awG b0vrf;nGerf r_ sm;omjzpf ygw,f? q&mrif;ok0%fbmomjyefwhJ "rRy'eJ@wifjyykcH si;f / vrf;nGeyf cHk si;f xyf wlxyfr#ygy?J bk&m;&Siaf [mwJh "rRy'xJ u *gxmav;awGawmif avmueDwD xJrSm awG@ae&ygao;w,f? Oyrm ‘oABad &0 ormaox’qdw k hJ *gxm[m "rRy'xJu bk&m;a[m*gxmyg? odk@ twGuf avmueDw[ d m bk&m;a[m r[kwb f ;l vd@k tm;vk;H udk vk;H axG;ajym vd@k vJr&Edik yf gb;l ? trSeu f awmh avm ueDwq d &m[m tqDtESpaf wGupkd +k y;D b0vrf;!Get f jzpf avmueDwu d kd pDpOf cJjh cif;jzpfygw,f? 'gt h jyif b0udv k rf; nGew f hJ todynmtm;vk;H [m avmu eDwad wGv@kd usaemfjrifygw,f? avmueDwt d a=umif;udk usaemfw@kd +rdK@rSm omoemjyKaewJh jrefrmq&m awmfwyg;udk usaemfar;jref;av#muf xm;=unh f w J h t cgrS m q&mawmf u atmufygtwdik ;f rde@f awmfrcl yhJ gw,f? avmu\-b0./ twˆm,-t usdK;iSg/ uwm-jyKtyfaom/ eDw-d vrf; !Gev f @kd 0pewˆjyK&wJt h a=umif;eJ@ 'DygVd yk'af wG&@J Zpfjrpftaetxm;[m avm u-vkZ"mwf/ %ypPn;f / vkZw … d yvkZ… wDwd avmaum? eD,EWd {awemwd eDw/d avmu\ eDwd avmueDw-d [kjzpfvma=umif;udk pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f iS ;f jyygw,f? ygVpd may/ o'Ngut kd ajccHxm; wJh b0oifcef;pmrsm;jzpfv@kd ygVb d mom udw k wfajrmufaombke;f bke;f rsm;u t jynft h pkyH ekd m;vnfygw,f? usaemfw@kd awGvkd tay:,Havmufow d mr[kwf bJ av;av;eufeufo=d uwmyg? b0vrf;n$eaf y;wJh ynmtm;vk;H udk oG,0f u kd af omenf;jzifh avmueDwv d @kd ac:qdkEdkifa=umif; bkef;bkef;u quf vufI&Si;f jyygw,f? 'gt h jyif avmueD wdrmS jA[Rm0h [ d m& w&m;awmfawGvJ ouf0ifaea=umif;udk a[majym&Sif;jy ay;wJt h wGuf avmueDw&d @J aus;Zl;udk ydI k odjrifciG &hf cJyh gw,f? (8) Ak'u < a[mw,f/ apwemaumif;&if uHaumif;w,fwJh? q&maZmf*sDuvJ ajymw,f / apwemaumif ; &if p m
Moe Thauk Kye Journal aumif;w,f? pma&;w,fqw kd m apw emudak &;jywmyJw?hJ rSeaf ompum;awG ygy?J usaemfw@kd awG vlwvk;H olwvk;H jzpfaewmawG[mvJ rdbawG apwem aumif;aumif;eJ@ jyKpyk sKd ;axmmifcv hJ @kd yg? ok@d r[kw&f if usaemfw@kd awG t!Ge@f usKd ; oGm;rSmaygAh sm? wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyw f o hJ v l J vlxt k ay:rSmapwemaumif;&if tJ'D wdik ;f jynf[m wd;k wufatmifjrifwmyJ? t&m&mwdkif;rSm pdwfaumif;apwem aumif;[m ta&;}u;D w,fv@kd usaemf jrifygw,f? avmueDwdudkzefwD;cJhwJh q&m[mvJ usaemfwdk@awGtay:rSm apwemtvGeaf umif;&Smygw,f? apw emaumif;aumif;eJ@ usKd ;pm;tm;xkwcf hJ vdk@vJ usaemfwdk@awG avmueDwdudk oif,cl iG hf em;vnfciG &hf =uwmyg? olap wemaumif;awmh ola±G;jc,fwifjywJh pmawGu odyaf umif;aewmaygAh sm? arwWmvJygwmyJ? arwWm&J@oabm u tjrifus,w f o hJ abm/ cspcf ifra_ wG ouf0ifwo hJ abmyg? wrsKd ;tm;jzifv h J ‘aumif;uGuu f &kd mS arwWm’qdw k t hJ wdik ;f cspfcifr_arwWmawGjzpfzdk@ +idrf;csrf;zdk@t wGuf usaemfw@kd awG wpkw H ckay:rSm w OD;wa,mufay:rSm aumif;uGuu f &kd mS & ygw,f? qd;k uGuu f &kd mS &ifawmh arwWm tpm; a'goawGom0ifvmrSmyg? odk@ a=umifh wOD;udw k OD; cGiv hf iG ehf m;vnft jrifus,w f o hJ abm/ aumif;uGuu f jkd rif wwfwo hJ abm[mjzLpifaomarwWmyg? avmueDwdq&m[m aemifvm aemuf o m;awG a umif ; usd K ;twG u f aumif;uGuu f &kd mS I 'DpmawGuzkd efw;D cJh pkaqmif;cJw h mjzpfv@kd avmueDw&d @J pmvk;H wdik ;f rSm arwWmawGouf0ifaeyg w,fcifAsm;? olomtjrifawGusOf;
ajrmif;cJrh ,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd awG 'Dpm awGukd zwfciG o hf ifciG &hf rSmr[kwb f ;l ? q &mawmfO;D Ak'u f vJ 'DpmawGukd bmom jyefcrhJ mS r[kwb f ;l As? arwWmygawmh oem;=uifemr_/ u±k %mvJwv JG #ufygyJ? aemufwcku rk'd wm/ ud, k x hf ufomolujkdrif&if 0rf;om &wJo h abmayghAsm? trSeu f 0efwrkd u _ kd xde;f csKyw f o hJ abmyg? trsm;tm;jzifu h ud, k x hf ufomolujkd rif&if remvd0k efwkd =uwmrsm;avawmh 0efwrkd a_ wGe@J &if xJrSmraysmfEdkif=ubl;? wzufom;&J@ atmifjrifru _ kd xyfwx l yfr#0rf; ajrmuf Edik &f if rk'w d mouf0ifwmyJ? avmueD wdpmawGrmS wOD;OD;udk remvkw d m 0ef wdw k m bmr#udrk &Syd g? ratmifjrifao; olawGatmifjrifatmif/ +y;D awmh ydv k @kd atmifjrifatmif vlom;b0udv k rf; nGefxm;vdkufykHrsm; av;pm;p&mudk aumif;ygw,fAsm? aemufq;Hk wckuOayuQm? cs;D rGr;f r_e@J uJ&h rJh /_ a0zefra_ wGukd cHEikd &f nf&zdS @kd ygy?J csD ; rG r f ; onf j zpf a p uJ h & J @ vmonf y J jzpfap/ ESv;Hk om;urcH,b l /J cHpm;r_vrJ &Sb d /J tjyifrmS yJxm;Edik af tmifusK;d pm;&if OayuQm&J@oabmawG ouf0ifaewm yJ? b0rSmaewwfz@kd twGuf OayuQmqdk wm vkt d yfwt hJ &myJ? avmueDwu d b0vrf;!Geaf wG[m aewwfz@kd twGuf t=ujH yKxm;wmawG ygy?J txufrmS usaemfazmf!eG ;f cJw h hJ ‘t wdyad ,m e umwaAŠm’qdw k phJ um;awG [m OayuQmjyKwwf/ aewwfatmif vrf;jyxm;wmyg? avmueDwrd mS ar wWm/ u±k%m/ rk'w d m/ OayuQmqdw k hJ jA [Rm0h [ d m&w&m;awmfawGjynfEh u S I f ae yg+y?D avmueDwv d rf;pOf[m jA[Rm0h d
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
[m&vrf;pOfe@J rxl;rjcm;em;ygbAJ sm? ud k r d k ; oD ; ZG e f u avmueD w d u d k r }udKufayr,fh jA[Rmh0d[m&vrf;pOfudk awmh}uKd uaf =umif; tifwmAsL;&J@ tqk;H em;rS m ajzxm;w,f ? wu,f a wmh avmueDwdxJrSm jA[Rmh0d[m&w&m; awGyg0ifaew,fqw kd mukd arhaew,f xifygw,f? avmueDwd&J@*gxmawG tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm bk&m;a[mxm; wmawG yg0ifaew,fqw kd mudv k J owd xm;rd[efrwlygb;l ? olvaJ vavmuD om;ayrd@k wcgwavarhwmyJ jzpfrmS yg? avmueDwu d akd vhvmjcif;udpP 'DrmS yJed*kH;csKyfyghr,f? 'gawGtm;vkH;[m avmueDwt d ay:rSm usaemfojd rifxm; aom tjrif r sm;omjzpf y gw,f ? 'D aqmif;yg;[m udrk ;kd oD;ZGe&f @J tifwmAsL; rSmajymwJt h jrifrsm;udk ta=umif;jyK+y;D xGuaf y:vmwmyg? od@k twGuf udrk ;kd oD; ZGeu f kd txl;yJaus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm;? usaemfem;rvnfaom tcsuft vufrsm;udk &Si;f jyay;jcif;/ ygVpd mrsm;udk jrefrmjyefay;jcif;/ oufqikd &f m usr;f pm rsm;udk nGe=f um;jyoay;jcif;jzifh ulnD ay;&Smaom q&mawmf(bmuav) tm; txl;aus;Zl;wifyga=umif; av; pm;pGmjzifh azmfjytyfygw,f? ud;k um;aom pmrsm; -q,fapmifwGJ(bkef;}uD;ausmif;okH;)/ -ud, k u f sit hf bd"rRm(r[m*E<m±kq H &mawmf) -v,fw'D yD eDaygi;f csKy(f v,fwq D &mawmf)/ -ygVjd refrmtbd"mef(OD;[kwpf ed )f -ewf&iS af emif&wkaygi;f csKyf Peerless Benefactor of Humanity(U Shwe Aung)
- Pali-English
Dictionary(William Stede) Buddhism and Society(Spiro)
26
Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;rsm;
NLDudrk w&m;toif;a-unmEdik af -umif;etzajymqdk awG@qHak qG;aEG;a&;/ trsKd ;om;&if=um;apha&;awGvyk zf @kd awmif;qdak ewJh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyef @J awG@qHak qG;aEG;a&;rvkyb f ;l vd@k {+yD 26 &ufae@/ &Sr;f jynf e,f/ usKd i;f wHrk mS rl;,pfaq;zsuq f ;D wJt h crf;tem;eJ@twljyKvyk w f hJ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ mS etzjyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D u ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f? 'ghtjyif etztaeeJ@ ‘trsKd;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf[m t=urf;zuftzG@J t pnf;awGe@J jynfytwdu k t f cHtzG@J tpnf;awGe@J qufo, G rf &_ w dS ,fqw kd hJ t axmuftxm;awG jynfjh ynfph pkH &kH adS =umif;/ tJ'ga=umifh tzG@J csKyfuzkd suford ;f ypfz@kd cdik v f w kH t hJ axmuftxm;awG&adS =umif;’‚u qufvufajymqdck yhJ gw,f? ‘tJ'v D t kd axmuftxm;awG&adS yr,fh aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;+y;D tzG@J csKyfukd qufvuf&yfwnfEikd zf @kd oabmxm;}u;D pGmeJ@qH;k jzwfxm;a=umif;/ tzG@J csKyf[m jynfov l x l &k @J axmufcrH u _ kd r&awmha=umif;/ jynfou l u kd , kd pf m;jyKjcif;r&Sad wmh a=umif;/ 90 a&G;aumufyrJG mS trwfae&m 485 OD;&Sw d t hJ euf tzG@J csKyfu 392 OD; a&G;cs,fc&H ayr,fv h nf; tcktcg 87 OD;om usef&adS wmha=umif;’ qufvuf ajym=um;oGm;ovdk 59 ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@uxkwjf yefwhJ tzG@J csKyf&@J a=u jimcsufuykd ,fcsvdu k +f y;D tJ'aD =ujimcsuf[m tzG@J csKyftaeeJ@ olw@kd &J@tusdK;pD; yGm;udak &S;±_whJ pdwu f ;l ,Ofrw _ ckv@kd a0zefomG ;ygw,f? aemuf+y;D 'Dru kd a&pDvv kd m;w,fq&kd if jynfyq&m}u;D awG ydwq f @kd ta&;,l xm;wm ±kyo f rd ;f ay;zd@k twGuf tzG@J csKyftaeeJ@awmif;qdo k ifw h ,fv@kd vnf; t qdyk gjyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D qdo k u l qufvufajymqdo k mG ;ygw,f? etz&J@rw&m;pGypf aJG jymqdrk t _ ay: jynfwiG ;f teft,f't D zJ@G csKyu f tajctjrpf r&Sw d t hJ wGuf vufrcHco hJ vdk ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrif;udEk ikd u f vnf; wdik ;f jynf ajymif;vJ&ef vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_w&yfazmfaqmifzdk@twGuf tiftm;&Sdzdk@ta&;}uD; a=umif; ajymqdck yhJ gw,f? (bm;rm;wla';ESi'hf AD b GD rD S ud;k um;azmfjyygonf)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
27
tifwmeufowif; wGiv f nf; “trsL;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKy&f @J tjyKoabmaqmifwhJ vky&f yftay:rSm etztaeeJ@ rSerf eS u f efuefwek @f jyefomG ;zk@d vkw d ,f? 'Da=unmcsurf mS ygwhJ axmuf jyxm;wJh wkid ;f jynftajctaeawG[m wu,ft h rSeaf wGb?J rSerf eS u f efuef rwH@k jyefbJ ZGwt f wif; wif;cHaer,fq&dk ifawmh usaemfw@dk wkid ;f jynf&@J tajctae[m ONA27/ {+y/D 2006 tqk;d ±Gm;qH;k tqifah &mufomG ;+y;D rvkv d m;tyfwhJ jy\emaygi;f pHk taxGaxGt jrefrmEdik if v H ;k H qdik &f mausmif;om; =uyftwnf;awG &ifqidk &f rSmbJ? 'ga=umihf jynfwiG ;f jynfy'Dru dk a&pDvv dk m;ol rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D (ru'w) tm;vH;k taeeJ@ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csLyf&@J trsL;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;}uKd ; . owWrt}udrfnDvmcHouf yrf;r_tay:rSm 0kid ;f 0ef;axmufcaH y;&rSmjzpfovkd etzppfacgi;f aqmifawGuv dk nf; wrf;/ 'kw, d t}urd Af [dak umfrwD enf;aygi;f pHek @J wku d w f eG ;f zdtm;ay;oGm;=uvdrv hf @dk xifygw,fæ” [k ajymqkcd o hJ nf? tpnf;ta0;udk 2006 ckEpS /f {+yD tqdyk gtpnf;ta0;wGif vuf&jdS zpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom Edik if aH &;tajctae 21 &ufae@rS 25 &ufae@txd rsm;ESit hf nD vlxEk iS v fh ufwI JG a&S@qufaqmif&u G rf nfh a&S@vkyif ef;pOfrsm;tm; xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyfwae&mY usi;f yjyKvyk cf o hJ nf? qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S cf ahJ =umif; owif;&&So d nf? xkt d pnf;ta0;. qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;ESiyfh wfowfI etzESihf typftcwf&yfp+J y;D jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;'Dru dk &ufwpfwyfO;D (ru'w)tm; 1988 +ird ;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onhf wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;ESifh etzwk@d ckEpS w f iG f etzppftyk pf rk S tm%modr;f t+y;D e,fpyfo@dk xGucf mG vmcJo h nfah usmif; t=um; qufqaH &;tajctaetay: ru'w.oabmxm;tm; tk;d a0owif; om;rsm;rS 1988 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (1) &ufae@wGif xkid ;f - jrefrme,fpyff autJe, f l at*sipf rD S qufo, G af r;jref;&mwGif ru'wOuUX &JabmfocH rJ S “wkid ;f &if;om; e,fajrwGif pwifz@JG pnf;cJo h nf? (td;k a0owif;at*sipf )D vufeufuidk t f zG@J tpnf;awG&@J typftcwf&yfpjJ cif;&J@ rlv&nf±, G cf sufu Ekid if H a&;jy\emukd Ekid if aH &;enf;eJ@ajz±Si;f zk@d / typftcwf&yfpaJ &;vkt d yfw,fv@dk ,lq cJ=h uw,f? tckawmh wu,fjzpfaewmu jrefrmjynf&@J yuwdjy\em[m pum;vnf;rajym&/ Ekid if aH &;jy\emawGudk ajz±Si;f cGirhf &bJ twif;vufeuf jzKwfcaH e&awmh tajctaeu rwk;d wufbJ aemufjyefqw k af eovkjd zpfae+y?D typftcwfr&yfpcJ ifu±Scd w hJ hJ Ekid if aH &;tqift h wef;ukad wmif xdr;f xm;Ekid b f @dk qkd wm tckvydk pkH aH wGe@J awmh tawmfuav; jyefvyk , f =l u&rvkjd zpfaew,f? tckcsed f rSm etz ppfacgif;aqmifawG&@J zdEydS rf a_ wGw;kd vkyaf ewmukb d J awG@&w,f? Ekid if H a&;jy\emawGudk Ekid if aH &;enf;eJ@ +ird ;f +ird ;f csrf;csrf;ajz±Si;f rJh t&dyt f ajcvH;k 0rjrif bl;? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfw@fdk ru'wtygt0if 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkawGtm; vH;k u jyifqifr±_ ±dS edS @J qufvufwu dk yf 0JG ifb@dk bJ±w dS ,f” [k ajymqkcd o hJ nf? wqufwnf;yif azazmf0g&v D 12 &ufae@wGix f w k jf yefonfh xkwjf yefa=unm csuEf iS fh {+yv D 20 &ufae@wGif tqkyd gxw k jf yefa=unmcsut f ay: xyfqifx h w k f jyefonfh tJet f ,fv'f . D oabmxm;ESiyfh wfoufI &JabmfocH t J m;ar;jref;&m
xkdif;=jrefrme,fpyfY ru'wA [dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; jyKvkyf vuf±SdEkdifiHa&;jy\emrsm;tm; csrSwfaqG;aEG;
jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k ±$iv f ef;csrf;ajryh gapæ M
Y
ESif;qDrdom;pkpwdk;
Rose Family Store (Whole Sole&Retial)
D
ROSE FIMILY Rozen Fish toifch sujf yKwpf m;oH;k Edik af omig;rsK;d pHu k kd jrefrmjynfrw S u kd ±f u kd rf mS ,lI *syefwEdik if v H ;kH od@k aps;E_e;f oufompGmjzef@jzL;ygonf?
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 62 min
ud, k w f ikd rf vmEdik o f rl sm;xHrS rSm,laomukeyf pPn;f rsm;udk Takyubinjzifh tjrefydk@ay;ygonf?
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 22 min
Rose Family Web SidewGif
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 45 min
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 71 min jrefrmjynfEiS hf tjcm;Edik if rH sm;rS vlo;kH ukeEf iS hf tpm;taomuftrsKd;rsKd;udk aps;E+e;f oufompGm vufvvD ufum;&Edik yf g_yD
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 15 min ESif;qDrdom;pkrSxkwfvkyfaom Prepaid Cardrsm;onf tm&SEdkifiHrsm;? Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;ESifh taemufEdkifiHrsm;odkY tcsdef&Snf? toHMunfvifpGm qufEdkifygonf/ tjcm;jrefrmpwdk;qdkifrsm;wGifvnf; 0,f,lEdkifNyD;? wqifhjzefYjzL;vdkaomudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tvdk&Sdonf?
ROSE FAMILY STORE
=unh±f I _ rSm,lEikd yf gonf? Tel:03-5338-4391 Fax:03-5338-4392 Open Hours 7 days 10:30-00:30 Home Page-http://www.rosefamily.co.jp #203 Initial Annex Bldg 2-10-8 [email protected] Hyakunincho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, T 169-0073 rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
*syefa&muf pmay0goemygol/ pmzwfcsio f rl sm;twGuf
pm=unfw h u kd zf iG &hf uf? ? pae/ we*FaEG/ wevFmESihf ±H;k ydw&f uf pm=unfw h u kd zf iG chf sed f? ? ae@v,f 12;00 em&DrS n 10;00 xd pm=unfw h u kd zf ek ;f eHygwf? ? 03 3364 5163 rSwfcsuf? ? rvmcif zke;f óuqufyg 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d rGeyf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG) 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d pkpak ygi;f 66500(ajcmufaomif;ajcmufaxmifih g;&m,ef;wdw)d KD Aung Kham
jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D od@k axmufyv Hh LS wef;=uolrsm;(2006/ rwfv) rd;k aomuf=u,frS aumufcaH y;aiG Anm;b±kid , f efuif; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d armifoef@ 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d armifat;pd;k 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udzk ek ;f jrifo h ed ;f šrwifE, G 0f if; 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udo k ef;0if; 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udpk ;dk 0if;atmif 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udrk sK;d rif;atmif 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d Adv k af omif;(c)ode;f atmif 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udak Zmf}u;D 2500(ESpaf xmifih g;&m,ef;) rcifrsK;d rsK;d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d rrlrcl if/ udak ZmfaZmfatmif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udrk ;kd ndK 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ol&vSausmf 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udrk sK;d atmif 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif;rSaumufcaH y;aiG rZifrmvGif 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d qef;vGif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif; 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udrk eG yf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG)rSaumufcaH y;aiG 0if;vGif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d Tu Mai 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d Shwe Aung Mai 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d
etzppftyk pf .k ,kwrf m&ufpufrt_ ay: touf/ aoG;/ ac|;ay;qyfum ,ae‹xufwikd f tzdEydS cf jH ynforl sm;twGuf ±Gyf±Gyfc|Hc|H &ifqdkifwdkufyJG0ifaeonfh cGyfa'gif;&Jabmfrsm;twGuf oifth ultnDvnf; wwyfwtm;vdk tyfaeygonf? jrefrmEdik fiv H ;kH qdik f&mausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD;(ru'w)odk‹ aiGa=u;vSLwef;ay;ydk@vdkyguudx k eG ;f xGe;f (090 4814 1089)/ udak omif;vdi_ (f 080 6549 8442) udn k n D v D iG (f 090 3472 7858)/ udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed (f 090 4128 4725) udak Zmfr;kd (080 6552 7444)/ udak tmifrif;(090 4135 3706) udak rmifoef@(090 6141 3925)xHo@kd qufo, G I f ay;yd@k Edik yf gonf?
In cooperation with the Refugee Assistance Headquarters
2
t,f'w D mtmabmf
vli,fa h -u;rH= k 19 vli,fawG^m%f&zdS @kd vdw k ,f? ^m%f&rdS S t rSeo f rd ,f? ^m%fa&So › mG ;rS vrf;ajzmifrh ,f? ^m%froH;k &if qifuef;awmwd;k tusK;d r&S?d b&rf;bwm vrf;wuma&muf vrf; aysmufwwfw,f? ‘^m%0aEWm urRoad '
^m%froH;k bJ wH;k wdu k w f u kd f irdu k o f m;vky&f if vkyo f r# 'kucQ sn;f jzpfvrd rhf ,f? raumif;r_a&Smif/ aumif;r_aqmif/ jzLatmifpw d u f x kd m;Edik zf @kd ^m%fa&So › mG ;&Syd gap?
wifrkd; 1- 5- 2006 b,fv*s, D rf?
em,mursm; wifr;kd (tar&du) armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs) armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du) wm0efcHt,f'Dwm rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm; rsufESmzHk;'DZdki ;f apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) twGi ;f yef;csDo±kya f zmf aX;opf/ armifatmifvD yHE k y dS f BDA Group
jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/
'DyJ&if; 3 ESpfjynhf tcrf;tem;rsm; usif;yrnf (30-5-2003)ae@wGif ppftm%m¶Siw f @dk . vlrqefaom ,kwrf m&ufpufvyk =f urH }_ u;D ukd cHae&onfh trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmifEAdk ,fvq f &k iS f a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf tzG@J csKy'f Ok uUÏOD;wifO;D wk@d twGuf toufpeG @f umuG,o f mG ;=u&&Smaom tmZmenfrsm;tm;&nfp;l I ESpv f nfqrG ;f auí;uyfrnft h pDtpOfukd t*Fgae@0wf¶w G t f zG@J u td;k qkcbke;f }u;D ausmif;wGif arv 28 &ufae@ (eHeuf 5;30-10;00 em&Dtxd jyKvyk rf nfjzpf+y;D yl;aygi;f yg0if'gejyKvo kd rl sm;udv k nf; zdwaf c:xm;ygonf? (qufo, G &f ef- 080 5680 0546/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 8171 8465) xd@k twl *syefEikd if t H ajcpku d f jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;olrsm;tzJ@G uvnf; jrefrmjynfta&;udpEP iS hf 'Dy&J if;ta&;cif;udpP twGuf xda&mufaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tjrefq;kH ajz&Si;f ay;&eftwGuf ar 30(t*Fgae@) ae@vnf 2;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd ukvor*~±;kH taqmuftOD;a&S@wGif o±kyaf zmfvy_ &f mS ;r_rsm;ESit hf wl awmif;qdq k ENjyaºu;a=umfrr_ sm;udv k nf; xdxad &muf&mufjyKvyk o f mG ;rnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf nae 6;00 em&DrS 6;45 rdepftxd xdak e@ xdt k csed w f iG f usq;kH oGm;aom ol&aJ umif;tmZmenfy*k Kd~ vrf sm;twGuf 0rf;enf;jcif;txdr;f trSwt f aejzifh yef;pnf;csjcif;/ ,H=k unf&mbmomtvdu k f qkawmif; arwWmyd@k jcif;rsm;udv k nf; etztcGe±f ;kH a&S@wGijf yKvyk rf nfjzpfa=umif;od&&dS onf?(qufo, G &f ef- 090 4964 9718/ 090 8720 9017/ 090 3682 2028) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
3
*syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
a'0l;ukr`%Dtm; &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ‹csKyf(jynfy)u ukd;&D;,m;oH±kH;a&S›wGif qef‹usifqENjy jrefrmEkid if &H dS &ckid yf ifv,fjyiftwGi;f rS wl;azmf&&Srd nfh obm0"gwaf iG@rsm; tm; tdE, dN Ekid if EH iS w hf ±kwEf idk if o H @dk wify@dk a&mif;cs&ef tm%m&SifppftkyfpkESifhyl; aygi;f +y;D &if;ES;D jrKyEf aHS eaom a'0l;ukr` %Dtm; qef@usiq f ENjyonfh v_y&f mS ;rl ukd 2006 ckEpS /f {+yD 18 &ufae@wGif Ekid if H aygi;f 20 ausm&f dS uk;d &D,m;oH±;Hk rsm;ESihf a'0l;ukr% ` . D ±k;H rsm;&S@wGif qENjyrlrsm; tm; w+yKd iw f nf;jyKvyk o f mG ;&ef xkid ;f Ekid f iHtajcpku d /f csi;f rkid +f rKd @&Sd &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pD tzGJ@csKyf(jynfy)u wkdufwGef;Ekd;aqmf xm;&Syd gw,f? 18 &ufae@u wku d sK+d rKd @/ rdemrdtZbkrmS tqdkygwkdufwGef;Ekd;aqmfxm;onfh &Sw d hJ awmifu;dk &D;,m;oH±;Hk a&S@rSm nae twkid ;f *syefEikd if w H iG f 2006 ckEpS /f {+yv D 3;00 em&DrS 5;00 em&Dtxd a'0l;ukr`
wdkufyJGrSatmifyJGodk‹ wdu k yf GJ wdu k yf GJ wdu k yf [ GJ m atmifyGJ wdu k Ef ikd o f l odr;f Edik o f u l omatmify?GJ wdu k yf GJ wdik ;f wyg; jynfy&efr[kwf ud, k jhf ynfol ud, k t hf rsK;d om;csi;f ud, k ahf qGrsK;d ud, k ahf rmifErS awGe@J axG;vS;D um oliga&m,SuEf iS hf wdu k af ewJh 'Drw kd u kd yf ?GJ wdu k yf u GJ akd r#mu f m=unfh ar#mv f ifch suaf wGe@J wdu k yf GJ óuwifumapmifah ewmjynfol used ;f aowmu wdu k yf u GJ Akd ef;jy &efo[ l mtykyaf umif a&ay:pDcyfpm;ae=uwmrsm;ae&ifjzifh twWuzkd ufw, G f tm%mrS,pfr;l 'Dwu kd yf jGJ ynfou l pdwyf suf jypfrr_ sm;jym; t&dyrf w J ap>ajcmufovdk trnfcH'Drdkbufawmfom; aorxl; aerxl;eJ@ ajrjr‡KyfcH&rSmtrSef? ? a=umufuefuef &efvakd eol npfnrf;pGmjyK&ufpufyu kH rdrrd mS vnf; trSm;ruif; urBmwcGif Edi_ ;f &ufz, G rf &Sd trSm;udkjyif trSefodk@jyif vlrsK;d jcm; =ocsvu kd w f ,f? &ifxrJ mS euf±i_d ;f um jyif;&Spw d "f gw/f nD!w G pf mG jzifh tm%m&Sit f m; wdu k =f u&if;jzpf wdu k yf rGJ S atmifyq GJ o D @kd ? ?
Edik (f Arm)
%Dtm; jrefrmEkid if rH S tjrefq;Hk jyefvnf xGucf mG oGm;&ef awmifu;dk &D;,m;tpk;d & taeESihf tav;eufxm;aqmif±u G af y; zk@d awmif;qkq d ENjyoGm;cJ=h uygw,f? awmif;qkq d ENjyyGu J dk &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pD tzG@J csKy(f jynfy)*syefrS OD;pD;jyKvyk o f mG ; wmjzpf+yD;/ qENjyawmif;qkdolrsm;[m awmifu;dk &D;,m;oH±;Hk a&S@wGif *syef&rJ sm; . wif;usyaf omvkjH cKaH &;atmufwiG f cufcufccJ aJ e&m,lIqENjycJ&h +y;D / uk;d &D; ,m;ukr% ` D jrefrmjynfuxGuo f mG ;qkd wJh aºu;a=umfoHrsm;ukd t*Fvdyfvkd awmif;qkcd +hJ y;D A[kt d vkyaf umfrwD/ & ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzG@J csKy(f jynfy)uxkwaf 0 wJh‘jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f tqdyyf ifuadk & avmif;aeaom a'0l;ukr% ` t D m; jyif; xefpmG qef@usifuef@uGu=f uyg&ef E_;d aqmfwkdufwGef;jcif;’pm&Gufrsm;tm; *syef-t*Fvdyf-jrefrm okH;bmomjzifh jzef@a0oGm;wmukd awG@&S&d ygw,f? &wemyku d v f idk ;f wnfaqmufpOfu ppftyk pf . k vlrqefonf&h ufpuf,w k f rmrlrsm; ckid v f aHk omoufaotaxmuf txm;rsm;ESihf wifjyxm;aomrSww f rf; rsm;ukd www.earthrights.orgwGif =unfh±_Ekdif+yD;/ ,ckvuf&Sdtaumift xnfazmfvyk af qmifaeaom"gwaf iG@wl;
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
azmfrl owif;tcsut f vufrsm;ukd a±$ obm0"gwaf iG@pDru H ed ;f qef@usio f rl sm;&J@ www.shwe.org tifwmeufpmrsuf ESmrSmvnf; avhvm=unf±h E_ idk yf gw,f? a±$obm0"gwaf iG@pDru H ed ;f ua'0l;eJ@ etzppftkyfpk[m a':vmoef;aygif; rsm;pGm 0ifaiG&&Srd mS jzpf+y;D tJ'u D xGuw f hJ obm0"gwaf iG@awGudk tdE, dN eJ@w±kwf wk@d u t+yKd it f qkid f 0,f,al e=uwmjzpf ygw,f? tckprD u H ed ;f tapmykid ;f umvu o bm0"gwaf iG@awGudk b*Fvm;a'h±EfS idk if H ukjd zwfum tEN, d ok@d o,f,rl ,ft h pD tpOf&cdS ahJ yr,fh tdE, N eJ@ b*Fvm;a'h±fS ndE‡ i_d ;f r_tqifrajyr_awGa=umifh aemuf ykid ;f rSm ppftm%mykid af wGu w±kwjf ynf ukad &mif;csz@dk pDpOfc+hJ y;D ayguaf ps;xufydk rk0d ,f,cl w hJ ,fv@dk vnf; od&&dS ygw,f? tckq&dk if jrefrmhobm0"gwaf iG@aps; uGux f J ±k&mS ;uyg0ifa&mufvmcJ+h y;D jref rmppftm%mykid af wGtaeeJ@ wkid ;f jynf &J@&wem"gwaf iG@awG a&mif;cs&mu &&Sd vmwJt h usK;d tjrwfudk ppfwyftwGuf om tok;H jyKrmS jzpfa=umif; a0zefoaH wG vnf; us,u f s,af vmifavmif =um; ae&ygw,f? ausmfausmfEidk M f TK
4
Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
5
Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;
jrefrmjynfa&Sc› &D;ES;D aESmaqG;aEG;yJG usif;yjyKvkyf a=u;rHOk ;D aomif;*syefvmrnf jrefrmEkid if . H qk;d 0g;,k;d ,Gi;f aeaom tajctaersm;ESihf tusyt f wnf;aygi;f pk=H uKaH wG@ae&aomjy\emrsm;ukd ajz &Si;f &eftwGuf ‘jrefrmjynfa&Sc› &D;’acgi;f pOfjzifh ES;D aESmaqG;aEG;yJw G &yfudk {+yv D / 26 &uf (Ak'[ < ;l ae@)u *syefEidk if /H wku d sKd +rKd @rSm&Sw d hJ *syeftvkyo f rm;or*~±;Hk t aqmuftOD;wnf&&dS m Shoyo Kikan 'k wd,xyfrmS ae@vnf 12;00 em&DrS n ae 5;00 em&Dtxd Burmese Democratic Force in Japan, Japanese Trade Unions of Confederation (JTUC, RENGO), People`s Forum on Burma (PFB)wk d @ u OD ;
aqmifusif;yjyKvkyfoGm;cJh+yD; tcrf;t em;rSL;tjzpf Mr. Shogo Watanabe (PFB)u wm0ef,a l qmif±u G u f m OD;a±$ b(Mr. Hisao Tanabe PFB)u jrefrm bmomjyeftjzpf aqmif±u G cf o hJ nf? nDvmcHudk *syefEidk if &H dS Ekid if w H umoH ±k;H rsm;rSot H rwfrsm;/ oH±;Hk t&m&Srd sm;/ *syefEkdifiHEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh *syefvGwfawmftrwfrsm;/ w&m;a&; qkid &f mrSy*k K~d vrf sm;wufa&mufc=hJuonf? nDvmcHudk tcsdefESpfydkif;cJGIaqmif ±GufcJh=u+yD; wufa&mufoltiftm; 500 ausm&f adS =umif;od&&dS onf? nDvm cHwiG f awmif;qkcd su(f 4)csuu f dk wifjy
jynfyEdik if aH &muf (3) a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf Ekid if aH &; j r ef rmpma&;q&m tusOf;om;rsm;tm;vk;H ukd c|if;csufr&Sd owif;pmq&m csufjcif;vGwaf y;&ef? rsm;xJwiG f 0gt (4) NLD.tqkjd yKcsuu f dk etzu bm &if hqHk;uavmif r#w@Hk jyefjcif;r&Su d jrefrmhta&;ukd ukv &Si/f ,ae@xd rsuf vkjH cKHa&;aumifpo D @dk w&m;0ifwifjy+y;D arS m ufacwf jrefrmh'D EkdifiHwumtv,frSm aqG;aEG;zkd@vkd k a&pDa&;tajctaersm;udk pOfquf vm;a=umif; wifjyawmif;qko d mG ;&efw@dk rdu rjywfa0zefa&;om;oHk;oyfaeqJjzpf jzpfonf? (ausmfausmfEikd M f TK) aom xufjrufaomuavmif&iS /f jref rmppftm%m&SifrSefor#udk uavmif vufeufe@J &J&J awmufwu kd yf 0GJ ifvsuf &S d a om q&m}uD ; a=u;rH k O D ; aomif ; (atmifAv) touf&Spfq,fjynfhESpf 1? ArmhacwfrSa=u;rHkodk@ a=u;rHOk ;D aomif; 2500 ,ef; txdr;f trSwt f jzpf pmayeJ@'Dru kd a&pD 2? 'Dru kd a&pD &JxËG f 1000 ,ef; cspfjrwfEdk;olrsm;ESifh a[majymawG@qHk 3? ocifEdkifiHawmf wifarmifoef; 1000 ,ef; aqG;aEG;&ef *syefEikd if o H @kd Zlvikd v f wGif 4? jrefrmEdkifiHrSxdkif;EdkifiHodk@ vkyftm;ajymif;a±$@r_ (NDD) 1000 ,ef; a&muf&rdS nfjzpfygonf? 5? wifr;kd uAsmaygi;f csKyf wifr;kd 2500 ,ef; tqdyk gyu GJ kd pnfum;odu k òf rufpmG jzifh 6? ndK;EGr;f =u,f(rSww f rf;"gwyf )kH ,mrmrdw k kd 2000 ,ef; twlwuGy;l aygi;f usi;f yEdik af &;twGuf 7? u&ifb h 0"avh armifpif=u,f 1000 ,ef; ‘jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD’zJG@&ef arv 8? ordkif;opfcGyfa'gif;(oDcsif;acG) tZ…Ke 1000 ,ef; 14 &uf(we*FaEG)ae@/ nae 6 em&DrpS 9? jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;jyKaumfrwDrw S w f rf;(NLD-LA) 1000 ,ef; wifum bmbmblwmteD;&Sd &Dqdkif 10? wkww f jywf/"g;wjyufum;wGerf sm;(0vH;k -rzrf;rcsi;f wdu k sK)d 500 ,ef; u,fpifwm 4 xyfwiG f tpnf;ta0; 11? cGyfa'gif;tvHac:&modk@ wifr;kd 500 ,ef; ac:xm;a=umif;vnf;od&&dS onf? 12? 2005 ckEpS f wdu k sKt d wmo}ueF f (xGe;f a0) 800 ,ef; tao;pdyo f v d ydk gu13? 2005 ckEpS f oDwif;u|wyf aGJ wmf (ausmfausmfEdkif) 800 ,ef; 090 6035 4197 / 090 8567 6976/ 14? a':pk(60)jynfharG;ae@AD'D,dkrSwfwrf; (apmode;f -MTK) 1200 ,ef; 080 5680 0546 / 080 1059 4589 G I f pHpk rf;ar;jref;Edik yf g 15? 88 &J@ tvGr;f a0'em (ABSDF) 1000 ,ef; rsm;od@k qufo, 16? ,mawmuomaAsm (zdk;oHacsmif;) 1200 ,ef; a=umif;?
oGm;cJ+h y;D ‚awmif;qkcd surf sm;rSm(1) NLD.jynfaxmifpak e@xkwjf yef csufudk etztaejzifh tjyKoabmESihf ajz&ef// (2) ,ck etzvkyaf eaom nDvmcHuhJ ok@d r[kwb f J tjcm;'Dru dk a&pDtiftm; pk/ wkid ;f &if;om;tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;yg 0ifwhJ tajccHEidk if aH wmfz@JG pnf;ykOH ya' opfuadk &;qG&J ef?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unhw f u kd w f iG f 0,f,El ikd f aompmtkyrf sm;ESihf rSww f rf;rSw&f mrsm;
etzowif;trSm; 'Drdkua&pDorm;rsm;=um;rSm[mojzpf 2006 ckEpS /f arv 5 &ufae@xkwf etzydik f a=u;rHo k wif;pmxJwiG f jynfy a&muf'rD u kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;udk ‘t =urf;zuftzsuform; jynfajy;rsm; onf Edik if aH wmfrwnfr+ird jf zpfap&ef/ w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ xdcu kd yf sujf ym;ap&ef ESihf trsm;jynforl sm; xdcu kd af oaus ysufp;D qH;k ±_;H ap&eftwGuf jynfwiG ;f od@k azmufczGJ supf ;D a&;tzJ@G rsm;apv$wu f m vlpnfum;&mae&mrsm;/ ul;oef; oGm; vm&mae&mrsm;/ EdkifiHawmfzHG@òz;wdk; wufa&;tajccH taqmuftrkH sm;wGif
azmufczGJ sufp;D r_rsm;jyKvky&f eftwGuf jrefrmjynfwiG ;f xJo@kd vlvw $ I f apcdik ;f xmonf[kod&a=umif;/ ‚wdk@&&Sd aomowif;w&yft& FTUBtzJG@rS armifarmif(c)jynfopf!eG @f a0/ NDD ode;f 0if;/ rif;'ifEiS hf KNUwyfr[m(6) wyfr[mrSL;a[mif;a±$qikd ;f wd@k av;OD; onf {+yv D 28 &uf naeydik ;f wGif xdik ;f Edik if /H rJaqmufòr@&Sd FTUB±H;k Y vd@_ 0Suf awG@qH=k ua=umif;/’ tp&So d jzifh rw&m; pGypf aGJ &;om;xm;onfuakd wG@&ygonf? pmrsufEmS 13 od@k « rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
6
twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;
q&maZmf*sDEiS fh vlxOk ;D vS 'D
(vlxO k D;vS)
aqmif;yg;rSm q&maZmf*sD eJ@ vlxk OD;vS pma&;q&m=u;D ESpOf ;D &J@ jrefrmhpm aywd;k wufa&; yl;wGaJ qmif±u G cf suw f ck udk azmfxw k w f ifjycsiyf gw,f? rEWav;uvlxOk ;D vSša':trm/ &ef ukeu f q&maZmf*s/D q&mrif;ok0%fw@kd [m usaemfw@kd rScD t kd m;xm; av;pm;=u &wJh ausmufxD;r¾dKif}uD;awGjzpfyg w,f? ta=utnm wae&mpDae=uay r,fh pma&;aya&;/ Edik if t H a&;wd@k rSm q &maZmf*sD[m rdwfaqGOD;Ek/ OD;oef@wdk@ eJ@twl 'Drdkua&pDjyef@yGm;a&;vkyfief; rsm;udk tm;oGev f yk af eygw,f? q&m }u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f uvJ 'Dru kd a&pD a&;/ +ird ;f csr;f a&;wd@k twGuf tpGr;f ukef tm;xkwaf eygw,f? vlxOk ;D vSuawmh q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f &J@ v_y&f mS ; r_c&D;pOf/ rde@f cGe;f / w&m;yG/J a=unmcsuf pwmawGukd "gwyf aHk wGe@J wuG vlxo k wif;pmrSm rSww f rf;wifazmfjycJyh gw,f? vlxkOD;vSu q&m}uD;ocifudk,f awmfrid_ ;f ud, k w f idk af &G;cs,pf pD Of+y;D xkwf a0zdk@ wm0efay;vmwJh av;csKd;aygif; csKy/f uAsmpmtky}f u;D udk 1955 ckEpS rf mS xkwv f u kd yf gw,f? qufvuf+y;D awmh vJ a'gi;f ÉDumopf/ bdKG i;f aumufÉu D m/ Akv d Éf u D m ponfw@kd udk jyefvnf±u kd Ef ydS f xkwaf 0ygw,f? q&maZmf*su D vJ 1955 ckEpS rf mS yJ o cifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f ÉDumudk xkwv f u kd yf g w,f? q&m}u;D &J@0wWKwkd uAsmwk@d udk zGiq hf w kd hJ pmpk jzpfygw,f? tJ'D pmtkyef @J pmayAdrmefq&k cJyh gw,f? pmqdek @J pm/ b 0eJ@uAsm wGzJ ufavhvmcsupf mtkyt f jzpf jrefrmpmayorkid ;f rSm yxrqk;H xl; xl;jcm;jcm;ay:xGufvmwJh pmay*k%f
(armifpGrf;&nf) ajrmuf pmtkyw f tkyjf zpfa=umif; pmay ork d i f ; ynm&S i f / &ef u k e f w uU o d k v f ausmif;tky}f u;D OD;azarmifwifu jrefrm Edik if /H okawoetoif;*sme,fuae t *Fvyd b f momeJ@ a0zefcs;D usL;pma&;om; cs;D jri‡ w hf mudk cH,cl &hJ ygw,f? q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f &J@ t wWKyw ` u dW kd udv k ekd aD cwfu a&;om;jyKpck hJ ol OD;ode;f azjrifu h vJ “usaemfrpGr;f Edik f wJt h vkyu f kd pGr;f aqmifEikd o f l ay:ayguf vmvdk@ 0rf;ajrmufa=umif; æ”a&; om;*k%jf yKygw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrid_ ;f udAk [dx k m;+y;D q&m aZmf*seD @J vlxOk ;D vSw@kd [m +ird ;f csr;f a&;eJ@ 'Dru kd a&pDa&; yifra&pD;}u;D xJrmS aygi;f pnf;yg0ifc=hJ uygw,f? q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;[m 1964 ckEpS rf mS uG,v f eG yf gw,f? ppftm %m&Sipf epf xlaxmifol Adv k af e0if;[m 1962 rSm 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&udkzsuf+yD; tm%modr;f vdu k ±f rHk u jynfoal wGu wcJeufqENjyawmif;qdak ewJh jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;udv k J ydwq f @kd zsuq f ;D ypf+y;D +ird ;f csr;f a&;awmif;qd=k uwJh acgi;f aqmif awGukd zrf;qD;ESyd pf ufaxmifcs/ udu k ;dk u|e;f yd@k wmawG qufwu kd v f yk yf gw,f? +idrf;csrf;a&;acgif;aqmif EdkifiHa&;o rm;awG/ owif;pmq&mawG pma&;q &mawGtm;vkH;u b}uD;ocifudk,f awmfr_dif;acgif;aqmifwJh jynfwGif;+idrf; csr;f a&;tzG@J rSm yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;aeolawG csn;f jzpfygw,f? 'Dvt kd csed rf sK;d rSm “igr aocif +idrf;csrf;a&;&oGm;wmjrifcsif ouGmæ”vd@k wzGzw G rf;wa&±Gw&f if; q&m}u;D uG,v f eG cf w hJ m jzpfygw,f?
q&m}uD;&J@wynfhawGudk zrf;qD; axmifcsaecsed rf mS vlxOk ;D vSe@J q&maZmf *sw D @kd [m wd@k Armtpnf;t±k;H 0ifocif a[mif;}u;D awGe@J twl q&m}u;D &J@psmy etcrf;tem;udk y'krRmuGif;}uD;rSm OD; aqmifusi;f ycJyh gw,f? vlxOk ;D vSu q &m}u;D &J@trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;v_y&f mS ; r_O;D aqmifcyhJ Hk Edik if aH &;b0udk txl;jyK a[majym+y;D / q&maZmf*su D q&m}u;D &J@ pmayawGukd zGiq hf akd [majymcJyh gw,f? q&mrif;ok0%fu av;csK;d }u;D awG udk acwftvdu k pf pD Of+y;D zGiq hf &kd if; q&m zGiq hf w kd hJ av;csK;d wyk'cf si;f udk OD;okc/ OD; &efatmif/ a±$Oa'gif;/ tckqdyfurf;t rwf a':pef;pef;&J@zcif t+ird ;f pm;&Jt&m &SOd ;D baomf/ Zm*em&J@zcifeef;!$e@f aqG/ a':apmrkn H if;pwJh ynm&Sirf sm; pmqdk rsm;u &Gwq f =kd uygw,f? jidrf;csrf;a&;yGJzsuf/tm%modrf;csdef rSm Akv d af e0if;u zrf;vm;qD;vm; vkyf aewJ=h um;u q&m}u;D &J@psmyemtcrf; tem;udk &J&J0Hh0HhOD;aqmifr_ay;cJh=uol awGxrJ mS xdyq f ;Hk uwGzJ ufyg0ifol q &maZmf*seD @J vlxOk ;D vSw@kd udk tjro J wd& +y;D *g0&jyKz@kd usaemfw@kd rarh=uygb;l ? ckvkd trsK;d om;pmayacgi;f aqmif}u;D ESpOf ;D jzpfwhJ q&maZmf*seD @J vlxOk ;D vSw@kd [m usaemfw@kd rsK;d qufopfvil ,f awG pmayavmuxJuakd &mufvmwJu h mv usrS wGrJ =d uw,fv@kd wcsK@d uxifae=u ygw,f? 'Dtcsu[ f m vk;H 0rSm;ygw,f? 'Dq&m}u;D ESpOf ;D [m usaemfw@kd rarG;cif uwnf;u pmayxrf;yd;k }u;D udk 0Je@J ,m/ twdik ef @J tvSnhf twlxrf;cJ=h uolawG jzpfygw,f?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
(q&maZmf*sD)
OD;vS[m 10 wef;ratmifcif &ef uket f pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;om;b0 rSmuwnf;u q&maZmf*sDwdk@udkarG; xkw&f m +rKd @rausmif;udk vli,frsm; }u;D yGm;a&;toif;/ pnf;±kH;a&;taeeJ@ t }udrf}udrfvma&mufaqmf=ocJhw,fvdk@ ‘ib’0wWKa&;q&m}uD;armifxifbGJcH owif;pmq&m}u;D OD;xifzwfu trSwf w&a&;om;cJzh ;l ygw,f? 1933 ckEpS u f sawmh aemifvx l Ok ;D vS jzpfvmr,fh }u;D yGm;a&;OD;vS[m vli,f rsm; wd;k wufa&;udk tav;xm;+y;D }u;D yGm;a&;r*~Zif;udk xkwaf 0ygw,f? olukd wuUov kd w f ufz@kd olrb d u axmufyhH wJhaiGudk wuUodkvfwufcsifwJholi,f csi;f twGuf ay;vku d +f y;D olu, kd w f ikd u f awmh jrLeDpy,f&;Hk }u;D rSm &mjzwfpma&; 0ifvyk &f if; wzufu }u;D yGm;a&;r*~Zif; udx k w k af 0wmyg? 'Dtcsed rf mS &efuek w f uUov kd x f u J xkwaf 0wJh *E
7
Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;
ausmif;aqmifolrtkef;/ rtrmwdk@vJ a±$w*d b Hk &k m;&ifjyif a[majymqENjyyGrJ mS yg0ifc=hJ uygw,f? wuUov kd rf mS q&m jzpfae+yjD zpfwhJ q&maZmf*seD @J rif;ok0%f wd@k vJ ºua&muf+y;D atmfwpkd mtkyx f rJ mS trSww f &tm;ay;uAsmawG cs;D jri‡ chf =hJ u ygw,f? }u;D yGm;a&;OD;vSuvJ pma&;q &m}u;D r[maqGe@J ºua&muf tm;ay;cJh =uygw,f? tJ'DacwfOD; EdkifiHa&;ppfrsufESmrSm uwnf;u aZmf*s/D rif;ok0%f/ OD;vS/ a': trmwdk@[m trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aoG;pnf;cJ=h uyg+y?D tJ'g usaemfw@kd rarG; cifuwnf;uyg? q&maZmf*sDausmif; om;b0u &efukefwuUodkvfe,fajr twGi;f rSmxkwaf 0wJh *E
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
8
e,fpyfowif;
e,fpyf'kuQonfpcef; wpntrwfcdkvH_ pkxuf({+y 2D 2/ 2006) etzaxmufvSrf;a&;awGu e,f pnf;rjcm;q&m0efrsm;toif;rSm tvkyf vkyaf eol u,m;jynfe,f/ zm;aqmif; +rdK@e,f/ wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwf a&;ygwD(wpn)v$wfawmftrwf OD; apmom±l;wl;ukd &efoel @J yl;aygi;f w,fqdk +yD; pGyfpGJumzrf;qD;r,fvkyfwJhtwGuf tJ'w hD pntrwf[m xkid ;f -jrefrme,f pyf’bJuavmh‘'kuo Q nfpcef;ukd xGuf ajy;wdr;f a&SmifvmcJw h ,fv@dk 'kuo Q nf pcef;wm0efcw H OD;uajymygw,f? “[kwyf gw,f/ usaemfu h dk 'Dru kd a&pD orm;awGe@J aygi;f w,fv@dk pGypf +JG y;D zrf; r,fvkyfvkd@ xGufajy;vmwmyg? +yD; awmh etz&J@ zG@J pnfyt Hk ajccHOya'a&; qGaJ ewJh trsKd ;om;nDvmcH[m 'Dru dk a& pDenf;vrf;uswJh nDvmcHrjzpfovkd wkid ;f &if;om;awGtwGuf bmwckrS tm rcHcsurf &Sw d hJ nDvmcHjzpfw,fv@dk cH,l vkdufwJhtwGufvJ wpneJ@ vrf;cGJcJh wmygæ”vkd@ wpntrwfOD;apmom ±l;wl;uajymygw,f? OD;apmom&l;wl;[m bJuavmh'u k Q
onfpcef;ukda&mufvmayr,fh ol@ ukd,fol wpntrwfwa,mufvkd@r ajymbJ omrefvw l OD;vkad e+y;D 'kuo Q nf pcef;/ pmoifausmif;rSm ausmif;q&m tvkyv f yk cf w hJ ,fv@dk od&ygw,f? “wpnygwDqkd ppftpkd;&&J@vuf ukdifwkwfqkdwm vlxkuvufcHxm; w,f? wu,fvJ ppftpk;d &&J@ ay:vpD ukd taumiftxnfazmfae&+y;D vGwf vyfrr_ &Sw d yhJ gwjD zpfw,f? 'gah =umifh vl xk o abmxm;uk d a pmif h = unf h z k d @ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f omrefvlwa,muf vkad e&wmygæ”vk@d OD;apmom±l;wl;u ajymygw,f? ausmif;q&mb0eJ@ 'kuo Q nfpcef; rSmaeaecku d f u,ef;trsKd ;om;pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J u,m;jynf e,f/ z,fc+Hk rKd @e,f/ jynfo@l vGwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f OD;cGerf mukb d ef;eJ@awG@cJh +y;D jynfytajcpku d f jynfo@l v$waf wmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@(MPU)eJ@ t quftoG,&f oGm;cJw h m jzpfw,fv@dk OD; cGerf mukb d ef;uajymygw,f? “2003 ckEpS rf mS usaemfe@J e,fpnf;
RUBY
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345
ywåjrm;pm;aomufqdkif
ae‹vnfpmt0pm;(Adkufuif;) ¥900 - ygwDyrGJ sm;udk vl 30 txd txl;pDpOfay;ygonf=ae&mus,u f s,0f ef;0ef; =oef‹oef‹&Si;f &Si;f =t&om&Sw d hJ =jrefrmtpm;tpmeJ‹ =tm&Stpm;tpmpHk =pm;oH;k &if;tyef;ajzEdik b f ‹kd
{nhcf yH t GJ wGuf ywWjrm;udq k uf 03 3204 5121 ygwDyJGrsm;twGuf
¥2500 ESihf ¥ 3000 MENU &Syd gonf? bD,m/ 0DpuD/ qm0gESi hf tcsKd&nf
(0Jr, S m)OD;apmom±l;wl;ESiOhf ;D cspfwif("gwfyu kH kd acwfòyifrS ul;,lazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf)
rjcm; q&m0efrsm;toif;eJ@awGygw,f? tJ'rD mS usaemftvkyv f yk cf w hJ ,f? olw@dk awGu aq;cef;awGziG zhf @dk jyifqifwt hJ wGuf usaemfu armfcs;D tygt0if u ,m;jynfe,fpyfawGrmS pm&if;awGjyKpk ay;w,f? 'gupdk pfwyfu usaemfu h dk &ef ol@e,fajrxJrmS &efoel @J yl;aygi;f w,fqdk +y;D pGypf cJG w hJ mygæ”vk@d OD;apmom±l;wl; u ajymygw,f? OD;apmom±l;wl;[m 1974 ckEpS u f p vk@d rqvygw&D @J oufwef; 3 ckxd +rKd @ e,fjynfol@aumifpDOuUXwm0efukd xrf;aqmifco hJ jl zpfygw,f? 1985 uae 1988 ckEpS t f xd u,m;jynfe,f/ ygwD ,l e pf O uU X wm0ef u k d ,l c J h y gw,f ? 1990 a&G;aumufyrJG mS u,m;jynfe,f/ zmaqmif;+rdK@e,fuae wpnygwDu ae a&G;aumufyJG0ifcJ+hyD; trwftjzpf a&G;aumufccH &hJ oljzpfygw,f? tJ't D csed u f zm;aqmif;+rKd @e,f a±G; aumufyrJG mS ,,m;jynfe,fvrl sKd ;aygi;f pkH 'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyu f OD;apmode;f / t rsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyu f OD;awmif }u;D / OD;Ek 'D§+ird ;f tzG@J u OD;vS+ird ;f wk@d eJ@ ,SOf+ydKifcJh+yD; wpnygwDu OD apm om±l;wl;u trwftjzpf a±G;aumufcH cJ&h wmjzpfygw,f? a&G;aumufyrJG mS trwftjzpf ta&G;
cHcJh&wm[m wpnygwDukd vl}udKuf rsm;wma=umifrh [kwb f J OD;apmom±l; wl;ukd u,m;vlrsKd ;awGu av;pm;wm/ ol@&J@ wkid ;f &if;om;awGtay: apwem xm;vkyaf qmifcw hJ mawGe@J ol@&J@±k;d om; wJw h idk ;f &if;om;awGtay:rSm vkyaf qmif ay;cJw h v hJ yk &f yfawGa=umifv h @dk OD;cGerf mukd bef;uajymygw,f? “usaemf[m uk, d w hf idk ;f &if;om;awG usef;rma&;twGuf e,fpnf;rjcm;q &m0efrsm;tzG@J eJ@ vufwt JG vkyv f yk cf hJ w,f? tef*sDtadk wG&@J rlabmiftwkid ;f Ekid if aH &;eJ@uif;atmifae+y;D tvkyv f yk cf hJ w,f? wkid ;f &if;om;ta&;aqmif&w G f wmukd &efoel @J yl;aygif;w,fv@dk qkw d hJ etz&J@oabmxm;a=umifh usaemfw@dk wkid ;f &if;om;awGudk apwemxm;w,f qkw d hJ ppftpk;d &ukd oHo,jzpfrw d ,f” vk@d OD;apmom±l;wl;u ajymygw,f? v&SdtcsdefrSm OD;apmom±l;wl;[m jynfytajcpku d f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, dk f pm;vS,rf sm; tzG@J &J@rl0g'awGudk avhvm ae+yD; tJ'DtzGJ@eJ@ vufwGJtvkyfvkyf oGm;zk@d pDpOfaew,fv@dk ajymygw,f? r=umao;rDuvnf; rif;vSòr@e,f jynfo@l v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;cspf wif v nf ; vG w f a jrmuf e ,f a jrod k @ a&muf&v dS ma=umif; od&&dS ygw,f?
tifwmeufay:wGifvnf; zwf±_Edkifyg+yD
toH=unfvifaom KARAOKE pufopf}u;D jzifh jrefrm/ t*Fvyd /f *syefocD sif;pHpk vkH ifvifukd tcsderf a±G;oDqEkd ikd yf gonf?
rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f’tygt0if/ awmifu;kd &D;,m;Edik if x H w k f ‘axmifpjk ywif;owif;*sme,f’/ tar&duefEikd if x H w k f ‘yGio hf pf*sme,f’tygt0if NCGUBxkwf‘!Ge@f aygi;f ’owif;v$mwdk@udk atmufygvyd pf mwGif zwf±E_ ikd yf ga=umif;
Ak'[ < ;l ae@ qdik yf w d yf gonf?
http://www.moethaukkye.com
(2)em&D t0aomufEidk yf gonf?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk armif ykn Kye Journal
9
oa&mfpm
yHkajymaumif;wJhudkudk (1) “0vH;k vm; 0vH;k vm;æ” “[m q&marmifyn k vm;æ” “[kwyf gw,f0vH;k &J@æ” “pd;k 0if;&Sed q f q D ufwm oH;k av;&uf&dS +y?D r&vd@k 0vH;k qDqufwmyJu, G æ f ” “ol@owif;r=um;bl;vm;q&mæ” “[,f bmrsm;jzpfovJu, G ?f ajym prf;ygO;D æ” o}uFef&ufuxGufwJh ‘rdk;aomuf =u,f’*sme,fxrJ mS ygwhJ ol@&J@‘*syef&jzL *sDESifhjrefrm'kuQonfrsm;’ aqmif;yg; a=umifh jrefrmawG&SdwJht&yfwdkif;rSm wae&m+y;D wae&m &Si;f vif;yJaG wGvyk f ae&vd@k q&meJ@rawG@wmygq&mæ” “[kwv f m;æ/ 'Doil ,fu‘*syefv0 u’rSmvJ yHak jymaumif;cJ+h y;D +y?D ckvJ wyHk +y;D wyHak jymae&w,faygah væ” “0vH;k eJ@rwlwu hJ o k v k d af ygq h &m&,fæ” (2) “at;av/ olr&Sw d ek ;f 'D*syef&jzL*sD udpu P kd wd@k ESpf a,mufyJ enf;enf;yg;yg; ES;D aESm=u&ifraumif;bl;vm;æ” “aumif;ygw,fq&mæ” “pd;k 0if;&Sed &f @J *syef&jzL*su D zkd wf=unhf
armifykn(-opa-w;vs) awmh tcsuaf ygi;f 10 csuaf vmufukd awG@&w,f? tm;vH;k uawmh apwemeJ@ ygyJæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&mæ” “apmaorwf(pf)eJ@ ode;f aiGw@kd vuf xufrmS 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yK wm av;ig;OD;bJ&cdS &hJ mu q,fah v;ig;OD; txdjzpfvm+y;D tck jrefrmwaomif;rSm 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufwm ajcmuf&m txdjzpfae+y;D todtrSwjf yKc&H wJOh ;D a& vnf; wd;k vmw,fqw kd u hJ pd P aumif; vm;raumif;bl;vm;/ 0vH;kH ajymæ” “aumif;ygw,fq&mæ” “*syeftpk;d &[mukvor*~vjkH cKH a&; aumifp0D ifjzpfcsiaf wmh *sezD muGeAf if; &Si;f pmcsKycf sKyx f m;w,f? 'Dawmh ‘rjyef csi&f jzL*sw D if’jzpfvmw,f? uJ aumif; vm;raumif;bl;vm;/ 0vH;k ajymæ” “aumif;ygw,fq&mæ” “*syefrmS &jzL*sw D ifwmudk E_wcf rf;r ple@J / &efrrle@J / etzvufxufrmS jrefrm awGtm;vH;k iwfuek +f y?D *syeftpd;k &u a&vmajrmif;ay;vkyaf y;wJh &jzL*seD @J t
xl;aexdik cf iG q hf rG ;f }u;D avmif;yJrG mS ygoifh ovm;/ rygoifb h ;l vm;/ 0vH;k a& eifu h m wG e f ; vd k ‘igvnf ; av#muf r ,f c sef rxm;eJ@’ayghæ” “[kwu f yhJ gq&m/ ody[ f w k u f yhJ gæ” “+y;D awmh0vH;k a&æ pd;k 0if;&Sed af jymo vdyk ?J awmfveS af &;umvqdak wmhu, G /f vlwef;pm;aygi;f pH/k tv$maygi;f pHrk mS t cGit hf a&;orm;awG/ tacsmiform;awG/ ,kwpf t G qH;k olc;kd *sy;kd awG/ a&mausmf awGygr,f? t"du˜u OD;aqmifwJho al wGy/J uJ-'Dval wGukd vufwaGJ c:rvm; rac:blvm;/ 0vH;k ajymprf;æ” “ac:&rSmaygq h &m/ ac:&rSmaygæ h ” (3) “+y;D awmh0vH;k &,f/ eift h &yfu igw h
rdu k af vmuf&w dS ,f? pd;k 0if;&Sed v f pkd w d &f n S f prf;ygu, G ?f bmvJ [dpk mtkyu f ‘a'g rmef[ek /f a'grmef[ek ’f / befaumufe@J =oqDrmS awmh trdu _ yf x kH aJ &muf+y?D at; at; 'kuo Q nfajzqdrk o hJ al wGvJ ‘v0 u’a&Sa› &mufrzS iG =hf unhrf aeeJ@ayg/h [kwf zl;vm;æ” “[kwu f /hJ ody[ f w k u f yhJ gq&mæ” “[kwfwmayghuG,f/ *syefqdkwm u|e;f Edik if /H av#mufwo hJ al wGtm;vH;k udk aecGijhf yKvu kd &f if *syefawGb,fomG ;aer vJ? olajymovdyk J yifv,fxcJ ek q f if;+y;D a&opfajropf&mS &awmhrmS aygæ h ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ” “rwfwyf&yfaewJh ig;&SOu hf av;w pmrsufEmS 12 od@k
«
License No.835
A'cross Travellers Bureau Discount Best Deals Online www.across-travel.com/english
&efuek t f jyefoufouf(Bangkok Transit)ae@csi;f a&muf JAL+Myanmar Airways United Airline Bangkok
¥ 54000(ae@pOf) ¥ 33400~
xGufcGmonfhae‹ &ufay:rlwnfI aps;E_ef;tajymif;tvJ&Syd gonf JCB CARD0ifygu
,ef;oH;k axmifavsmhygrnf?
Map Worldu'f(ATB. Visa(or)Mask0ifyguvnf; ,ef;oH;k axmifxyfI
Air Tickets
Bangkok~Myanmar(toGm;tjyef) Taiwan -United Airlines(toGm;tjyef)
¥ 27000~ ¥ 23000(ae@pOf)
&efue k t f oGm;tjyef Air India+Myanmar Airways(45 fix open) ¥66000(Ak'[ < ;l / pae) ¥ 93000(ae@pOf) JAL+Myanmar Airways( 3 months) Thai Airways(1 months) ¥ 84000(ae@pOf)
Bangkok Transit ae@csi;f a&muf avsmhygrnf? (S Singapore Air+Myanmar Air) ¥ 72000(10 &uf) (JCB Credit CardrSm ausmif;om;vnf;0ifEikd yf gonf) Immigrationod@k roGm;rSD zke;f qufaqG;aEG;wdi k yf ifyg?ava=umif;vdik ;f aygif;pHrk S vufrw S rf sm;udk aps;E_e;f oufompGm&&Sad tmif jrefrmwm0efcrH S ulnaD y;aeygonf? SHINJUKU HEAD OFFICE Tel:03 3340 6749 Shinjuku Here(3)F SHIBUYA OFFICE blwm Here(2)F MC Donald's awmifbuf BIC Camera Khaing War Ko(cd i k 0 f g u ) k d NOVA Lumine xG uaf yguf Tel:03 5467 0077 Kosyu Kaido taemufzuf xGuaf yguf
First Kitchen
RISONA BANK
MEJI DORI
BUS TERMINAL
TK Shibuya Higashi Bldg 3F 1-14-14 Shibuya,Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo. 150-0002
Shibuya blwm acG;±kyf xGuaf yguf
HIGASHIGUCHI
CitiBank
Eindary Aye(tda¹ENat;)
ydwf&ufr&Sdyg
Oedo Line Shinjuku Sta:
Yamate Shinjuku Bldg 2 F 1-19-6 Nishi shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
av,mOfvufrw S cf udk ±H;k cef;od@k vma&mufay;acs+y;D av;&uftwGi;f av,mOfvufrw S f xkw, f El ikd yf gonf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
10
twd‹k txd
jrwfpGmbk&m;udkawmif;yef;yg. a&;ol-armifoef;0if; xH;k pHtwkid ;f ay;wd;k u pum;qef;wckajymvjyefygonf? aywd;k ? ? jrwfpmG bk&m;udk Armjynfom;wa,muftaeeJ@ igawmif;yef±u kd sK;d &Scd ;kd uefawmhcsifw,fumG æ u|Efyk ?f ? 'grsm;tqef;vkyv f @kd ? igw@kd ntdy, f m0ifcge;D ae@wdik ;f &Scd ;kd OD;csaewm bJ? aewdik ;f &Scd ;kd rSmygb[ J mæ aywd;k ? ? Ed;k Ed;k Ed;k Ed;k Ed;k ±d;k ±d;k r[kwb f ;l armif&@J ? olw@kd ud, k pf m;awmif;yefrmS ? olw@kd uawmh awmif;yef&aumif;rSe;f / r[kww f mvkyv f @kd vkyrf eS ;f / rSm;vd@k rSm;rSe;f odrmS awmifr[kwb f ;l ? trSm;trSeaf wmif a0zefyikd ;f jcm;wwfwhJ todtjrifr&S&d mS ygbl;uGm? wu,fv@kd odc&hJ ifvnf; usm;usm;rD;,yf qufvyk af eovm;rodygbl;uGmæ u|Efyk ?f ? igawmhbmrSem;rvnfawmhb;l uGmæ? rif;ajymwJh ‘olw@kd ’qdw k m b,foal wGv´J / b,fuvJ´ bmawGvyk af e=uvd@k vJ´ aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu kd /G yk*jH ynfrmS taemf&xmrif;+y;D awmh apmvl/ usefppfom;/ aywd;k ? ? ighoil ,fcsif;vkyaf e+y;D ‘t’&efaum/ t&dyjf ytaumifxifraS yghæ tavmif;pnfopl wJrh if;awG rif;jyKcJ=h uw,f? a[m tavmif;pnf u|Efyk ?f ? ‘igu taumifjyrSt&dyaf vmufxifwmuG? ihgrsurf eS u f txl}u;D bJ/ olrif;}u;D vufxuf tdrk if;&ifah &mfvmwJt h cg om;awmfe&olu rif;vnf;odom;eJ@æ bd;k ab;awGwnfxm;cJw h hJ *lyx k ;kd xJrmS ol@tazudv k yk =f uo H wfjzwf aywd;k ? ? igajymcsifwmu'Dvu kd /G 'd@k Edik if rH mS vlO;D a& 90µavmufu Ak'b < m vdu k w f ,f? tJ'gbmudjk yovJq&kd if avmbwu,f}u;D vm&if omudu k ;kd uG,=f uw,f? 0ef}u;D csKyfO;D Ekvufxufu Edik if aH wmfbm om;t&if;uvnf; taztart&if;wd@k udk owfypf=uw,fqw kd m omudk Ak'b < momtjzpf a=ujimcJzh ;l w,f? 'gawGxm;ygawmhæ/ udjk ywmbJ? e&ol[m oufO;D qHyikd f bk&ifpnf;pdru f v kd ckd sifwahJ vm Ak'b < mom[m jrefrmjynfukd 11 &mpk taemf&xmrif;vufxuf ba=umif/h wjcm;olawGb&k ifjzpfomG ;rSmpd;k wJh remvdpk w d af =umifh rSm a&mufvmw,fæ tazt&if;udo k wf+y;D olrsm;awGxuft&ifb&k ifjzpfatmif =uw H m u|Efyk ?f ? 'gjrefrmjynfom;wdik ;f odygw,fumG æ ygbJ? owfwt hJ csderf mS awmh avmbeJ@a'gopdwaf =umifah yghumG ? aywd;k ? ? r[kwb f ;l ? tJ'yD *k aH cwfta=umif; enf;enf;ajymcsifv@kd uG? tJ't D -igajymcsifwmu tifrwef,Ofaus;odraf rG@+y;D w&m;ppfw&m;rSejf zpfwhJ aemf&xmrif;vufxufrmS rif;eJ@wuG jynfow l &yfv;kH ax&0g'udk Ak'b < moma&mufv@kd rSr=umao;bl;/ rif;qufav;qufavmufbJ vufc, H =kH unfu;kd uG,cf =hJ uw,f? tifrwefE;l nHord af rG@+y;D avm &Sad o;w,f? wdik ;f jynf&@J t"du&yk*Kd~ vf/ wdik ;f jynf&@J OD;ao#mif/ bk&if uDavmukw&W med,mrw&m;awGe@J jynfv h #rf;aewJb h momyguGm? &J@om;awmfu tazt&if;udo k wfvu kd +f y?D ajymawmh ax&0g'Ak'< twWuykd ,f/ avmu/ a'go/ arm[/ rmeawGy,fapwJw h &m;ygæ bmom0ifw?hJ tJ'aD cwfubk&ifo h m;awmfawG[m rif;q&m/ q&m u|Efyk ?f ? at;yg/ 'gvnf; Ak'b < mom0ifwikd ;f odygw,fuæ G awmfoC H mawmfawGqrD mS avmuDavmukw&W mpmayawGukd avh aywd;k ? ? [kww f ,f/ odwmawmhow d ,f? rusi=hf ubl;uG/ Ak'w < &m;u vuf vmqnf;yl;=u&ygw,f? qdv k w kd mu Ak'w < &m;eJ@ ra0;=uygbl;? awG@usi=hf ut H m;xkw&f rSmt"duuG? ±Gwzf wf&rSmt"dur[kwb f ;l ? &if;&if;ES;D ES;D vufyeG ;f wwD;&S=d uygw,f? 'gayrJh u|Jyg;aqmif;wD;yg omrnomjzpfw,f? tJ'v D rkd usif=h u=H u±Hw k ifrubl;? yg;pyfuAk'< uGm? w&m;uwjcm;/ avmbwjcm;/ jzpfae=uawmh aemif jrefrmh bmom0ifajym+y;D bk&m;a[mwmeJ@ qef@usifzufcsnf;vkyaf e=u ordik ;f wav#mufrmS vnf; avmb/ a'go/ rme/ remvdpk w d af wG wJh bk&m;ykx;kd apwDawGwnf=uwJh wdik ;f jynfO;D ao#mifvyk af e=uwJh a=umifh zatudo k m;uowf/ tudu k n kd u D owf/ owfjcif;rsK;d pHk tzHk bk&ife@J tpd;k &awGuakd jymcsiw f muG? olw@kd tpm; ig&u S w f ,f? olw@kd zHñk ucH &hJ wm ordik ;f udzk wf=unf&h if awG@ygvdrrhf ,fæ tpm; igjrwfpmG bk&m;udk t&rf;tm;emw,f? &Sit f &[Hut kd m;em u|Efyk ?f ? wjcm;Edik if aH wGrmS vnf; tJ'aD cwfu tJ'v D b kd J owfc=hJ uwmygbæ J w,f? taemf&xmrif;}u;D udv k nf;tm;emw,fæ aywd;k ? ? rqdik b f ;l uG/ olw@dk jzpfwm igwd@k eJ@rqdik b f ;l / igwd@k qDrmS bk&ife@J wuG u|Efyk ?f ? ‘[m’ rif;uawmhvyk +f yæ D jynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k avmb/ a'go/ arm[/ rmeawGukd csKd;ESrd /f aywd;k ? ? r‘[m’eJ@uG/ jrwfpmG bk&m;[m 'DyuF&mjrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufrmS twWuykd ,f/ tewWqu kd af tmifvyk &f r,fqw kd hJ w&m;udk ud;k uG,f okar"g&Si&f aohb0eJ@ edAmŠ efuakd t;at;aq;aq;0ifEikd w f hJ t&nf qnf;uyfc=hJ uwmuvm;? 'gayrJh wdik ;f jynf&@J OD;ao#mif/ OD;ao#mif&@J tcsif;&Syd gvsufe@J owW0gawGukd u,fwifr,fqw kd hJ r[mu±k%m om;awGu ud@k ±d;k um;,m;vkycf =hJ uvd@k wdik ;f jynfu@kd ±d;k um;,m;jzpfchJ awmfxm;+y;D av;oacsFe@J urBmwode;f / bk&m;jzpfpOfyg&rDawGukd =uwm jrefrmhordik ;f acwfwikd ;f rSm&Scd w hJ ,fuæ G jznhcf w hJ ,f? bk&m;jzpfwt hJ cg apmapmajymwJh avmb/ a'go/ arm u|Efyk ?f ? aeygt;kH / tJ'aD wmh rif;ubmvkyrf vd@k wke;f [awGy,fz@kd 45 0gvH;k vH;k vSnv fh nfw&m;a[mcJw h ,f? tJ'w D &m; aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu kd G igw@kd Armjynfukd Ak'b < momra&muf&if/ rud;k uG,&f if bmjy u Armjynfukd 11 &mpkrmS a&mufcw hJ ,f \emrSr&Scd ahJ yrJh tJ'AD 'k b < momudk taemf&xmrif;vufxufu u|Efyk ?f ? [kwyf g+y/D [kwyf g+y/D qufygt;kH æ p+y;D ckcsdet f xd ,H=k unfu;kd uG,af e=uwJt h wGuf igu ordik ;f w rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
11
twd‹k txd
Moe Thauk Kye Journal aoG;opf rdbrJu h av;ausmif;twGuf axmufyrhH p+ m&if;
av#mufv;kH rSm Ak'j< rwfpmG bk&m;udv k rd cf n hJ mcJw h hJ Ak'b < mom0ifqw kd hJ rif;wcsKd@&J@ twWqefcrhJ /_ Ak'w < &m;eJ@ qef@usifzufusif=h ucH rhJ a_ wGukd tm;emem &Su&f u S ef @J bJ olw@kd ud, k pf m; jrwfpmG bk&m;udk &Scd ;kd OD;cs 0efcsawmif;yefygw,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? [kwyf g+yD [kwyf g+yD 'gq&kd if igygrif;eJ@twl jrwfpmG bk&m;udk olw@kd ud, k pf m; 0efcsawmif;yefuefawmhygw,fæ aywd;k ? ? r+y;D ao;bl;armif/ 'gu twdwt f wGuaf wmif;yefwm/ ypPKy`et f wGuf &Sad o;w,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? b,fvkd b,fvkd vif;prf;ygt;kH æ aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu dk G 'Dv/dk ckacwfrmS vnf; yg;pyfubk&m;bk&m; vufuum;,m; um;,m;eJ@ wdik ;f jynfbÀmpnf;pdraf wG/ o,HZmwawG/ opfawm awGuEkd u _d +f y;D ud, k t hf yd x f x J nfah ewJh wdik ;f jynfacgif;aqmifv@kd ud, k hf udu k , kd w f ifajrm‡ ufae=uwJh olw@kd awG&@J ud, k pf m;vnf; igu bk&m; ukd &Spcf ;kd OD;csawmif;yefygw,fumG ? trdu k t f rJawGu, kd pf m;/ wynfh awmfw@kd jynf oljynfom;rsm;u ‘tpd;k &raumif;/ jynfo h al cgi;f ’qdw k hJ 1962 ckEpS u f ay:vmwJh pum;yHt k & wm0efow d jhJ ynfow l a,muf/ Ak'b < mom0ifwa,muftaeeJ@ jrwfpmG bk&m;udak wmif;yef&cdS ;kd vuf pHrk ;kd ygw,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? 'Dae&mrSm rif;eJ@ig pum;yHu k kd t"dym` ,fazmfyckH si;f rwl=ubl;uGæ aywd;k ? ? rif;u b,fvt kd "dym` ,faumufv@kd vJæ u|Efyk ?f ? igu t"dym` ,faumufwmu tpd;k &raumif; jynfo@l acgi;f qdw k m raumif;wJt h pd;k &[m jynfoal wG&@J acgi;f udk wnfw h nfyh pfw,f? rd;k ay:axmifrypfb;l vd@k qdv k w kd ,fxifwmygbu J mG æ aywd;k ? ? rSev f u kd af vuGm? uJ uJ 'gawGxm;ygawmh? igajymcsiw f mu rif;usihf w&m;q,fyg;xJrmS jynfoel @J rqef@usif&mqdw k hJ tcsufygw,fumG ? jynfoal wGu 1990 ckEpS af ±G;aumufyrGJ mS etzeJ@ etzaxmufcH wJt h zJ@G tpnf;rsm; &yfwef;u&yfygawmh? a':atmifqef;pk=unfacgi;f aqmifwhJ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyu f wdik ;f jynfut kd yk cf sKyyf gawmh vd@k qENraJ y;cJw h mudk jynfo@l qENuq kd ef@usif+y;D rsufEmS ajymifwu kd f +y;D 0ef}u;D csKy&f mxl;/ 0ef}u;D &mxl; tm%mawGtm;vH;k udk vk,x l m; vdu k w f m? wrBmvH;k u 0dik ;f vufnK‡d ;xd;k wmvnf; &Su&f aumif;rSe;f r odb;l ? jrwfpmG bk&m;u t&Sut f a=umufw&m;rsm;&S=d uzd@k a[m w,f? olw@kd u t&Sut f a=umufr&Sb d ;l ? raumif;wm r[kww f m vky&f rSmudk r&Sub f ;l / ra=umufb;l ? tJ ajymawmh ax&0g'Ak'b < m om0ifw?hJ vSLvdu k w f t hJ vSLawGuvnf; renf;ygbl;? [efaqmif awG zde@f zde@f awGvyk af e=uw,fumG æ u|Efyk ?f ? [ 'gq&kd if olw@kd u Ak'b < mom0if ‘tif’}u;D awGaygæ h aywd;k ? ? ‘tif’tpd;k &/ ‘tif’Ak'b < mom0if/ ‘tif’0ef}u;D awGaygu h mG ? tJ'aD wmh 'Drvdrrf ;kd rvdrrf m/ trdu k t f rJ zGwu f sm;tpd;k &u 'd@k jynfojl ynfom; awGqu D bJ aygufzmG ;vmcJw h mbJ? Made in BurmaawGcsnf;yg bJumG ? tJ'aD wmh 'd@k jynfoal wGrmS wm0ef&w dS maygh? tJ'aD wmh ig vnf; igwwfEikd w f zhJ ufuae+y;D wckcv k yk cf sifw,fumG ? igwwfEikd f wmuawmh avmavmq,f 'D‘tif’tpd;k &&J@ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk vdrf vnfvSnfhjzm;+yD; xif&mpdkif;aewmudk igu rdbjynfoleJ@ tpdk;raumif;/ jynf o l @ acgif ; qd k w J h 1962 uay:vmwJ h p um;yH k t & ol w d k @ ud k , f p m; wm0ef&jdS ynfow l a,muf/ Ak'b < mom0ifwa,muftaeeJ@ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk &Scd ;kd OD;cs awmif;yef0efcsygw,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? 'gqkd rif;&J@0efcsuefawmhyrGJ mS iguv kd nf;ygciG jhf yKygæ aywd;k ? ? ygapAsm ygap ygapæ
xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf&dS aoG;opf rdbrJhpmoifausmif;twGuf ysKd;yifpdkufysKd;vdkolrsm;odk‹ xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyfa'o/ aemufbmG ;±GmwGi&f o dS nfh ‘aoG;opf’ pm oifausmif;av;onf rnfonft h ultnDaxmufyrhH u _ kd rnfrnf&& r&daS o;bJ a0;vHaom ae&ma'otcufcw J iG f wnf&aSd e+y;D ,cktcg jrefrmEdik if rH S xGuaf jy;vmolrsm; ydrk rkd sm;jym;vmojzifh uav;i,frsm; rSm ydI k ydI k wd;k vmaoma=umifh tcuftcJrsm;/ 'kurQ sm;ajz&Si;f &efrmS tultnDukd ta&;ay:vdt k yfaeygonf?
oifah iG 2000 ,ef;onf cav;i,fwOD;. wvpmausmif;pm;&dwjf zpfygojzifh ynm'ge ukov kd ðf yvdyk gu090 4924 2906/ 090 4128 4725/ 090 4028 3476/ f u kd y f sKd;=uolrsm; yifp {+yDvtwGuf ysKd;yi ,ef; 1˜000 vSLwef;olrsm; - aZmfaZmfatmif/ rrlrlcif/ udkrsKd;atmif ,ef; 2˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- rvJv h 0hJ if;/ armifaomif;xdu k šf rprf;jrifEh , G /f apwem&SiZf eD;armifE/HS ,ef; 2˜500 vSLwef;olrsm;- udak Zmf}u;D ,ef; 3˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udak usmaf usmEf ikd /f udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed /f r0if;0if;at;/ Adkvfaomif;(c)odef;atmif/ udknDnDaZmfšZlZluDwmctdk ,ef; 5˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udak rmifoef@ rwfvvufusefaiG 161˜000(wpfq,fah jcmufaomif;waxmif,ef;wdw)d pkpak ygif; 192˜500(wpfq,fu h ;kd aomif;ESoaf xmifig;&m,ef;) aoG;opfausmif;od@k azazmf0g&DvtwGuf ay;yd@k vSLwef;aiG 30˜000(oH;k aomif;,ef;wdw)d (02-4-2006 wGiaf y;yd@k cJyh gonf)
{+yv D ufusefaiG 162˜500(wpfajcmufEpS if g;,ef;wdw)d rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
12
twd‹k txd r=umcifuusi;f ycJw h hJ tmqD,H Edik f iHjcm;a&;0ef}u;D rsm;tpnf;ta0;ud=k unfh +y;D ud}k u;D ay:wa,mufjzifh pkww f oyf oyfjzpfrad v&J?h jrefrmjynfu AdkvfcsKyfrif;awGudk azsmif;zsaoG;aqmif +y;D vdrmR vmatmif qdkqkH;rr,fqdkwJh tmqD,Hvl}uD;rif; awG[m “usaemfwdk@vnf; bmrSr wwfEdkifygbl;æ”qdk+yD; vufajr‡muf vdu k =f uygyaum? tmqD,aH 'oxJu vlvm;ajrmuf p puFmylw@kd xdik ;f wd@k rav;&Sm;wd@k u olw@kd &Jh pD;yGm;a&;t&if;tjrpfawG a'o wGi;f rSmcdik rf maezd@k twGuf tmqD,q H kd wmudzk efw;D cJ=h uwmvd@k ud}k u;D ay:rSwf om;rdcyhJ gw,f? ta&S@awmiftm&SEikd if H i,fav;awGtzd@k tar&duefw@kd Oa&m yEdik if w H @kd udrk qdx k m;eJ@ tm&Sxu J *syef/ w±kw/f tdE, Nd vdEk ikd if aH wGuakd wmif &if aygifwef;Edkifzdk@ tawmf}uD;vdkaeao; wmr[kwv f m;? wOD;csi;f tm;eJ@r&&if pkaygi;f tm;eJ@}uKd ;pm;&r,fqw kd rhJ el @J tm qD,Hudkxlaxmifwm tusdK;&SdwJhudpP wckyg? Oa&myor*~ykHpHrsdK; a'owGif; EdkifiHtoif;tzJG@awG xlaxmifvm=u wmvnf; wurBmvk;H rSmacwfpm;w,f r[kwv f m;? 'gayr,fah ygah v/ tmqD,u H pD;yGm; a&;udyk J OD;pm;ay;r,fqw kd rhJ el @J zG@J xm;cJh =uavawmh awmifyw H zufy&J w dS ihJ u S f waumifvdkjzpfaeawmhwmaygh? EdkifiH a&;udOk ;D pm;ray;bl;/ wa,mufEikd if H a&;udk wa,mufu0ifrpGuaf =u;qd+k y;D rlcsrSwcf =hJ uwJt h csdeu f tJonfah cgif; aqmifawGujkd yef=unf&h if tm%m&Sif awG/ 'grSr[kwf tm%mudv k uf0g;}u;D tkyx f m;olawGcsnf;jzpfaecJ=h uw,fr [kwv f m;? r[moD,m/ ql[mwd/k vD uGr, f /l rm;ud@k pfqo kd al wG[m tm%m vuf0g;}u;D tkyaf wGqakd wmh wavoH wnf;jzpfc=hJ uwmaygh? aemufawmh ta&S@awmiftm&SEikd if H awGtm;vkH;udk yg0ifatmifpkpnf;cJh=u w,f? Edik if aH wGujkd yef=unf&h if uGejf rLepf v$r;f rd;k wJ/h ppfwvif;u±ke;f xvmwJ/h 'D rdu k a&pDa&;±ke;f uefaewJEh ikd if aH wGcsn;f jzpfae=uwmudv k nf; owdjyKryd g&?hJ jcKH =unfv h u kd af wmh tmqD,[ H m pD; yGm;a&;ucsnehf @J eJ@/ Edik if aH &;uv_yv f v hJ ?hJ
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456
uoduatmuftawG;rsm; (15) ud}k uD;ay:
Edik if aH &;udk OD;pm;ray;bl;qdak yr,fh wu,fhvufawG@usawmh EdkifiHa&;r wnf+ird b f J pD;yGm;a&;vkyu f ikd zf @kd rvG,f bl;qdw k m tm;vk;H od=uygw,f? etz udk ausmoyf&ifoyfvyk +f y;D pD;yGm;a&; pm;usux f iG af yr,fh oyfwv hJ ufukd e tzu jyefjyefuu kd af wmh tmqD,cH rsm '%f&m'%fcsufawGeJ@jynfhvdk@? tar&duefe@J Oa&myu etztae eJ@ Edik if aH &;jyKjyifajymif;vJvmzd@k uyxr/ jrefrmEdik if pH ;D yGm;zG@H +zKd ;vmzd@k u 'kw, d vd@k jrifw,f? tmqD,u H etzpD;yGm;zG@H +zKd ; zd@k uyxr/ jrefrmEdik if H Edik if aH &;ajymif;vJ zd@k u'kw, d vd@k jrifw,f? uefe@J Oa&my u etzudk EdkifiHa&;eJ@wGJzufjrifay r,f/h tmqD,u H etzudk pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ wGzJ ufjrifw,f? olw@kd u Adv k cf sKyrf if; awGcsrf;omvm&if ajymif;vJvmr,f vd@k xif=uwmud;k ? tif;-'Dvdkxifwmudkvnf; tqdk; awmhrqdo k mygb;l ? bma=umifq h kd tm qD,aH cgi;f aqmifawGtm;vk;H vnf; ol wdk@csrf;om+yD;rS ajymif;vJcJh=uwm r [kwv f m;? olw@kd vdyk J jzpfr,fv@kd xif ayraygh? etzAdv k cf sKyrf if;awGu ajymif;vJyg w,f? trSefwu,fudk ajymif;vJyg w,f? tJ olw@kd xifovdk r[kww f m av;wckuvGv J @kd ayg?h olw@kd u Edik if w H umuvufcEH ikd rf ,fh [efyefrsKd ;ajymif; vJr,fv@kd xifwm? wenf;ajymawmh olw@kd pwdik rf sKd ;ayg?h olw@kd pwdik q f w kd mu twdu k t f cHEikd if aH &;tzG@J awGxm;+y;D 'Drkd ua&pDu[ kd efjyvky/f Edik if aH &;eJ@ pD;yGm; a&;udw k +JG y;D csKyu f ikd q f w kd phJ wdik af yg?h 'gayr,fh etzu q,f&h pS &f mpk ya' o&mZfpwdkifqDudk ajymif;vJoGm;av awmh tmqD,v H nf; bmvkyv f @kd bm udik &f rSe;f udrk odjzpfawmhwmygy?J wcsdefuawmh tmqD,H[m ol@ udk,fol jrefrmetz&Jh tkyfxdef;olvdk ud, k [ f efjycJah vwmayg?h “pD;yGm;a&;r ydwq f @kd =uyge@J / '%frcwf=uyge@J / oHw
refawGrjzwf=uyge@J usaemfw@kd om; qd;k av;udk cGiv hf w $ af y;=uyg? vdrmR atmif qdq k ;Hk raeygw,f/ r=umcif om;a&$t;kd xrf;jzpfvmawmhrmS ygæ”pojzifh po jzifh om;qd;k tazvkycf =hJ uykrH sm;/ oem;p &mudak umif;a&m? “vkjH cKH a&;aumifprD wifyge@J OD;/ pD;yGm; a&;ydwq f @kd wmawGrvkyyf ge@J OD;/ usaemf wd@k }uw d q f ;Hk rvdu k yf gO;D r,fæ”vd@k ajymqdk +y;D jrefrmjynfomG ;vdu k w f m oaumifh om;awGu xdyaf cguv f w $ v f u kd yf ga&m vm;? rav;&Sm;Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D [m rpfezl;}u;D uGrJ oGm;wmuHaumif;? tckawmh tmqD,HEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef }uD ; rsm;tpnf ; ta0;rS m etzt a=umif;tpD&ifcHawmh tmqD,H&Jh}udK; yrf; r_awG ratmifjrifygb;l vd@k atmuf oH a v;eJ @ ajym&S m ygw,f ? etzu ajymif;vJr_rvkyf&if usaemfwdk@vnf; bmrSrwwfEikd yf gb;l wJ?h udk}uD;ay:pOf;pm;rdwm olwdk@u b,fwek ;f u bmrsm;wwfEikd cf =hJ uvd@k yg vdrfh? tmqD,Hu jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;t ajymif;tvJtwGuf bmawGrsm; xdxd a&mufa&mufvyk cf zhJ ;l vd@k ygvrd ?hf ud}k u;D yHak jymaumif;wJu h u kd rkd S
«
aumife@J wlwhJ u|e;f Edik if *H syefu=kd unf+h y;D twdwu f *syef'¾m&Dwckukd owd&rd w,f0vH;k &,fæ” “ajymjyygq&m&,fæ” “wcsed u f *syefe@J w±kw[ f m nDt udak wGaygu h , G /f wae@oY w±kwjf ynf udktkyfcsKyfaewJh {u&mZfbk&if}uD;u jrefrmjynfuAdv k o f ef;a±$vakd ygu h , G /f t ouf}uD;vmawmh raowJhaq;udk&Sm cdkif;w,fav? raoaq;&SmwJhvlawG vnf; towfcH=u&w,f? tJ'DrSm y nm&S}d u;D wa,mufu raowJah q;udk a0;oxufa0;wJh *syefu|e;f awG&&dS mudk xGuf&Smw,f? ol@vlawGudkvJ ol@ aemuf qifu h q J ifu h v J u kd v f mzd@k tcsed ;f tcsufjyKxm;w,f? ynm&Sd}uD; *syef
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
ay:A[kow k enf;wmjzpfygvrd rhf ,f? udk }uD;ay:rSwfrdwmuawmh tmqD,Hu etzudk oufq;kd &Snaf tmif umuG,f ay;cJw h myJ&ydS g&?hJ tckawmh bmrSawmif rvky&f ao;bl;/ usaemfw@kd vnf; rwwf Edik yf gb;l qdak wmh/ tif; em;vnf&awmh cyfcufcuf? e*du k wnf;u etzu ol@bmom ol rvkyfcsifrudkifcsifrSef;odvdk@ rvkyf vkyaf tmif 0dik ;f 0ef;zdtm;ay;zd@k ajymqdk ae=uwmrSm etzu rvkycf si&f ifr& bl;qdkawmh/ a=omf *smat;ol@tar ±du k w f ZhJ mwfvrf;jzpfyga&mvm;? ud}k u;D ay:uawmh tmqD,u H kd ajym vdu k cf siyf g&/hJ “bmrSrwwfEikd &f ifvnf; bmrSrvkyb f J +ird +f ird x f ikd af eyguGm”vd@k ? Edik if aH &;udpu P kd pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ wwef; wnf;xm;+y;D rajz&Si;f csiaf o;or#awmh tmqD , H v k y f a qmif c suf a wG [ m tlvnfvu kd af eOD;r,fxifyg&?hJ tif;av/ tmqD,HqdkwJh ta&S@ awmiftm&SEikd if aH v;awG[m Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;rSm tl0t J 0l v J @kd yJ atmfwwf ao;awmh tlvnfvdkufwmvnf; r qef;bl; xifyg&?hJ Ò u|ef;a&mufvmwJhtcg aexGuf&mt &yfudktm±Hkpl;pdkuf+yD; *syefEdkifiHtjzpf a=umjimvdu k yf gw,fæ” (4) “udk,fhpdwftxif/ *syefEdkifiHudk a&mufaewJh jrefrmwaomif;[m reD vd$Kif;rSmaecJhwJh jrefrmESpf&moHk;&m avmuf qd;k r,frxifygb;l ? qd;k r,fqkd &ifvnf; *syefuc&D;oGm;pmwef;vdæ k ” “[kwu f q hJ &mæ/ ‘*syefrmS c&D;oGm; &wmtifrwef=unfE;l p&myg’q&mæ” “at; at;/ tJ'v D ykd o J abmxm;+y;D *syefrSm&jzL*sDwif&wm &ifckefp&myg? acwfrDSolwdkif; *syefrSm&jzL*sDwif=u onf? tif;aygah v/ tcef@roifch v hJ @kd [dk 'if; [d[ k mjzpfc&hJ ifvJ ajcmufwu kd rf mS avmufuu kd w f mavmufrqd;k ygb;l vd@k tm;ay;pum;ajymcsiw f ,fygu, G æ f ”
13
Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;
Sankei Travel service Special Discount Air Tickets k @kd wvrf;oGm;eSihf toGm;tjyefav,mOfvufrw S rf sm;? urBmEh ikd if aH ygif;pHo
ADZmtrsKd;rsKd;/ [kw d ,fEiS hf jynfwiG ;f av,mOfvufrw S rf sm;? k w f ikd o f wif;yd@k I jyefrnfo h rl sm;twGuf aps;ouf tzrf;cH&olrsm;ESihf ud, omaom jrefrmjynftjyefvufrw S rf sm;/ tzrf;cH&olrsm;twGuf oufqikd f &m Immigrationta&muf yd@k ay;ygonf? f m0efEiS hf a&muf&adS eolrsm;/ *syefjynfwiG ;f ausmif;wufaeolrsm;/ tvkyw jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf pD;yGm;a&;qufo, G v f yk u f ikd af eolrsm;? H @kd tvnftywfjyefvo kd nfh (*syefšjrefrm)rdom;pkrsm;twGuf jrefrmEdik if o SankeirSmom&EdkifwJh txl;aps;oufomaom Thai Airways vufrw S rf sm;? tm;ay;r_taygif;udk aus;Zl;wifvsuf-
ae‹pOf eHeuf 8 em&DrS n 8 em&Dtxd/ we*FaEGEiS fh teD&ufyw d fygonf?
jrefrmwm0efc=H oef‹-uL0if;(jrefrmod‹k r[kw*f syefbmomjzifh) Ginza Swallow Bldg 4 F 1-14-9 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0081 Tel: 03 3564-3456 Fax: 03 3562 3930 e-mail: [email protected] tcsder f a±G;qufo, G v f y kd gu- Cell: 090 9328 4131
Adv k fcsKyf}uD;armifat; tm%modrf;zd@k =uHae+yD « xdk@odk@a&;om;xm;onfhtxJwGif ‘KNUwyfr[m(6) wyfr[mrSL;a[mif; a±$qikd ;f ’qdo k rl mS 2003 ckEpS u f wnf;u uG,v f eG o f mG ;olwOD;jzpfygonf? tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfoufI xkid ;f Edik if H tajcpdu k f jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif; om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D rS ppfO;D pD;y xrwef;wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol udak 0 vif;Zifuakd r;=unh&f m-“olw@kd ajymwJh wyfr[mrSL;a[mif;(Adv k cf sKy)f a±$qikd ;f qdk wm 2003 ckEpS u f wnf;u uG,v f eG f oGm;wm=umyg+y?D 'Dvb dk J jynfwiG ;f rSm&Sd wJh jrefrmjynfoal wGukd vdrv f nfvn S hf zsm;zd@k twGuf 'Dvb kd J r[kwrf w&m; enf;awGe@J 0g'jzef@aewJo h abmygæ” [kajym=um;cJo h ovdk FTUBOuUX OD;vS OD;uvnf; “'gubmudjk yovJq&kd if olw@kd &J@t&nftcsif;udjk ywmbJAs? t a&;}u;D wmu usaemfw@kd tvkyu f kd rSef rSeu f efuefe@J vkyaf ezd@k bJta&;}u;D yg etz[morS
w,fæ”[kajym=um;cJhygonf? xd@k tjyif pma&;q&marmifpif=u,f uvnf; “olw@kd rSm;wm tckrrS [kwyf g bl;? tm%mpodrf;uwnf;urSm; aewJOh pPm? [mowckawmhjzpfwmaygh avæ? xif&mS ;wJOh yrmawGjy&&if *s yefuae olw@kd qDukd ygq,fA;kH yd@k w,f qdw k [ hJ mrsK;d / aemufwcku tckusaemf a&;aewJh ‘rme,fyavmc&D;onf’t cef;qufaqmif;yg;rSmvnf; ygcyhJ gw,f? bmvnf;qdak wmh Adv k rf LS ;pd;k pd;k &J@ wlr awmfol ‘rcsKdEikd ’f udk Adv k rf LS ;pk;d pd;k &J@orD; tjzpfe@J a&;om;azmf jycJw h mrsK;d awGaygh avæ”[k ajym=um;ygonf? etztaeeJ@ jynfya&muf'rD u kd a& pDorm;rsm; touf&n S u f se;f rmatmif r=umr%qdo k vk[ d m',±$iaf q;wdu k f au|;avh&adS =umif;udv k nf; *syefa&muf 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;=um;rSm ajymqdk oHawG=um;ae&ygw,f? armif&iS (f bm;rm;rD', D mowif;axmuf)
“oef;a±$ jyD;oGm;jyD” He’s finishedvd@k armifat;±k&mS ;rSmajymcJ?h armifat;-oef;a±$ pdeaf c:yJG r=umcif±p_ m;&awmhrnf In Gen Maung Aye trip in Russia, he said that Than Shwe’s finished.
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
14
Moe Thauk Kye Journal pmtkyt f !$e;f
pifwifonfhrdk;aomuf-u,fpmtkyfrsm;
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
pmtkyftrnf- ,mawmuomajAm&J@ ta0;uay;pmrsm; zd;k oHacsmi a&;olcsmif;f wefz;kd - 1200 ,ef; armifoef@
'Dwywf pifwifonfrh ;dk aomuf=u,fpmtkyrf sm;u¾ukad wmh ,mawmuom ajAm&J@ ‘ta0;uay;pmrsm;’qkw d aJh qmif;yg; wq,fih g;yk'u f dk a¶G;xkww f ifjyxm; whJ zk;d oHacsmif;a&;whJ pmtkyu f adk =umfjim&if;eJ@ nGe;f vku d yf gcsiyf gw,f? 'Dpmtkyrf mS q&marmifprG ;f &nfu trSmpma&;xm;ygw,f? tJ'pD mtkyx f u J q&marmifprG ;f &nfa&;om;xm;wJh trSmpmwcsK@d udk wifjy&&if jzif-h “ppfwyfuawmh uav;vl}u;D ra&G; olw@dk ukq d ef@usiaf wmifrS raxmufcH &ifuydk J &efov l o dk abmxm;wmygy?J tzG@J tpnf;qkv d J olw@dk xm;ovkad erS? rae &if&efo?l +rK@d ay:rSmae&if olw@dk udpw P ;Hk &wmodyv f , G v f @dk awmxJarmif;xkw+f y;D w&m;0iftrJvu dk cf iG hf zefw;D =uawmhwmyJ? 'Dvedk @J uAsmav;awGa&; t±kyu f av; awGqaJG ewJh ausmif;om;/ausmif;oluav;awG[m ‘olyek ’f qkw d mawG jzpfuek &f w,f? u&ifoyl ek /f ucsio f yl ek /f &Sr;f olyek /f &ckid o f yl ek /f uGejf rLepfoyl ek pf wJph wJh olyek rf sK;d pk[ H m ppftpk;d &tqufquf vku d v f o H wfjzwfv@dk rukeyf gb;l ?” yxrqk;H ay;pmu‘tajcmuf±u dk af rsmufuu dk ’f qkw d Jh rEWav;obifavmuok;H pum;wvkH;ta=umif;yg? 'kwd,ay;pmuawmh etz&J@‘tpGmqkH;uavmifw acsmif;’wh?J t±l;vuf/ ewfuavmiftyfovkyd gyw J ?Jh emrnfausm‘f aygupf ’t a=umif;yg? vl[efaqmifxm;whJ ppfAv dk u f avmif±iS af wG uavmifo&rf;ykaH &;xm; wmyg? wwd,ay;pmuawmh rEWav;ukd a':atmifqefp=k unfu ‘ESv;Hk om;+rKd @ awmf’vk@d bG@J ay;oGm;wJt h a=umif;yg? uko d majAmuawmh ‘Ekid if aH &;+rKd @awmf’vk@d uifyeG ;f wyfcsiyf gw,fv@dk qkyd gw,f? pwkwaˆ y;pmuawmh‘a&ìpnf}u;D ’ta=umif;yg? ‘olrwk@d avESi/hf olw@dk v#if w u,fjrnfw/hJ +rKd @rmefvnfa±$pnf}u;D ygu@JG / wD;or#zed @f zde@f wke’f qkw d hJ rmefvnfq &mawmf}uD;&J@ ukd,fa&;aoG;uAsmwykdif;wpukdxkwf+yD; a'gufwmoefxGef;t a=umif;ukd a&;vku d w f myg? a'guw f moef;xGe;f qkw d m urBmwcGiv f ;Hk u av;pm;& wJh wOD;wnf;aom jrefrmorkid ;f ynm&Siyf g? tJovkyd *k K~ v d rf sK;d ukd aygupf qkw d phJ pf Akv d u f ‘uk, d rhf suEf mS uk, d "f m;eJ@vS;D ypfz@dk omaumif;w,f’vk@d vlov d w l wfvyk +f y;D qJa&;wJt h a=umif;ukd ok;H oyfwifjyxm;wmjzpfygw,f? yOPray;pmuawmh ppfAv dk af wGudk t&yfom;awGu vuftyk cf s+D y;D *g&0jyKEw _ f qufenf;ukd ppfwyfuxlaxmifaewJt h =umif;ukad &;xm;wmyg? aemufay;pmuawmh vluadk cG;owfwhJ orkid ;f trJpuftjzpf 'Dy, J if;vlowfyJG }u;D ta=umif;ukad &;xm;wmyg? vluadk cG;owfwhJ vlowfuek ;f tjzpfe@J &mZ0ifrmS
pmwif&pfawmhr,fh 'if;wk@d ¶kid ;f csuaf =umifh orkid ;f ysuyf u Hk dk armfueG ;f a&;xk;d ay;xm; wJh ay;pmwapmifyg? aemufay;pmuawmh rEWav;eJ@yk*u H orkid ;f 0iftaqmuf ttkaH wGudk ppftpk;d &u ‘xde;f odr;f yk’H ta=umif;ygy?J Ekid if aH &;orm;awGudk zrf;qD;+y;D axmifcsvu dk &f if owif;pmxJrmS awmh ‘xde;f odr;f w,fv@dk a=ujimygw,f? aemufwyk'u f awmh ppfwyfu uavmifopfwyfz@JG =uyku H dk tpOftvmeJ@wuG az:jyxm;wmyg? jrufcif;a[mif;/ jrufcif;ajymif;/ jrufcif;opf/jrufcif;npfawG ta=umif;vJygwmayg?h vHbm;wifO;D tp/ aygupf / azuHaumif;tv,f/ a'guw f m rwif0if;tqk;H tm;vk;H uavmifwyf}u;D ta=umif;ukd ‘az:vif;pD’jyxm;wmyg? aemufwyk'u f awmh pme,fZif;umwGe;f awGta=umif;a&;xm;wmyg? a±$w av;OD;buav;eJ@OD;b*sr;f up+y;D / vlxo k wif;pmuOD;0if;az/ay:OD;ouftv,f [Hom;0wD(rEWav;)tqk;H umwGe;f orkid ;f wckv;Hk udk tusO;f csKyaf z: jy&if;/ [Hom 0wDO;D 0if;wiftvkyjf yKw&f wJt h a=umif;w&yfxrJ mS [Hom0wDowifpmxJu um wGe;f awGta=umif;vJygav&J@vk@d axmufjyxm;ygw,f? ckacwfumwGe;f awGu awmh rvGwv f yfv@dk umwGe;f &J@*k%jf rKH omG ;wJt h a=umif;ygy?J aemufay;pmrSm ArmawG[m 'Dru dk a&pDe@J vnf;rwef/ vGyv f yfa&;eJ@vnf;r wefv@dk ajymwhJ ppfAv dk af [mif;wOD;ta=umif;ygy?J yxrtokwpf pftyk pf u k dk uk, d f pm;jyKow l OD;ta=umif;ygy?J Akv d cf sKyaf rmifarmifw?hJ wcsK@d vli,fawG rodao;&if odxm;oifw h hJ orkid ;f uGi;f qufwckayg?h aemufay;pmwapmifuawmh ‘waygi;f omacgiv f rsm;aemif’ta=umif;ygy?J om,mygayhqw dk w hJ aygi;f vrSm +rKd @&GmawG rD;tavmifq;Hk ayg?h tJ'x D rJ mS omajAm wk@d ,mawm±S&d m a±ìrEWav;u rD;ab;awG,m tausm=f um;qk;H awGayg?h rD;ukd y&dw±f w G +f y;D wm;=uwm/ rD;ab;a&Smifcifwm;zk@d qkid ;f bkwaf wG woDwwef;}u;D xl&wm/ rD;uif;apmif&h wmrs;dk awG[m urBmay:rSm 'k@d rsm;ppfwidk ;f jynf}u;D rSmyJ &Sd w,fxifyg&@J ? aemufay;pmwckuawmh jrefrmh±yk jf rifo=H um;ta=umif;ukd a&;om;xm;wmyg? Akv d cf sKy}f u;D awG&@J c&D;pOfw@dk / Akv d cf sKyaf wGp;D wJah v,mOfysaH y:ujrifuiG ;f wk@d / Akv d cf sKyf awGudk vuftyk cf s}D uKd q=dk uykw H @dk uav;awGuAdk [kow k jzpfapzk@d a=umfjimya[Vd xkww f mwk@d / taygpm;w±kwu f m;/ uk;d &D;,m;um;jyowmwk@d udw k ifjyav&J@? 'gvJ urBmrSmr&Sw d t hJ rsK;d tpm;ygy?J aemufwyk'rf mS awmh xl;jcm;csuu f kd az:xkwx f m;yg w,f? q&m}u;D ocifu, dk af wmfridkS ;f eJ@wuG a&ìOa'gi;f / aZ,s/ vlxOk ;D vS/ Aef;armf wifatmif/ ocifjroef;/ jroef;wifw h @dk rSpvkd pma&;q&mtrsm;pk[m ppftm%m &SiEf idk if aH &;rSmygvmwJt h a=umif;ygy?J ckaemufxyfvJ t&if;&Sipf mayawGub dk m omjyefaewhJ OD;csr;f at;/ ukw d m/ ukad usm0f if;wk@d awmif &efvyk af ejyef+yw D ?Jh &efol arG;aeykt H a=umif;ygy?J q&m'*kew f m&mukcd suaf tmufx;dk aeykv H yJ gav&J@? aemuf qk;H wyk'u f awmh pEN&m;cspaf qGu, G v f eG af wmh tvGr;f pma&;vku d w f mygy?J 'guawmh q&marmifprG ;f &nf ,mawmuomajAm&J@ta0;uay;pmrsm; pm tkyf&J@trSmpmrSma&;om;xm;ukdaumufE_wfaz:jyxm;wmyg? usaemfuawmh zwf+y;D &ifvufurcsEidk w f hJ pmtkyw f tkyv f @dk yJ ajym=um;&if;eJ@yJ 'Dwywfpifwif onfrh ;dk aomuf=u,fu¾taeeJ@ azmfjyvku d yf gw,f? pmtkyu f adk wmh wtkyv f #if (1200),ef;eJ@ 0,f,El idk yf gw,f?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
15
\
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd t f wGuf aiGa-u;vSLwef;cJ-h uolrsm;pm&if;ESihf ,cifvoH;k pJcG ahJ om aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;xkwjf yefcsu?f
|
pOf
trnf
vSLwef;aiG
vuQ&H &So d nfah eŒ
1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9? 10? 11? 12? 13? 14? 15? 16? 17? 18? 19? 20? 21?
'kuo Q nfun l aD pmifah &Smufa&;XmecsKyf ud&k w J ifh armifat;pd;k udw k ;kd -unfaqGšr*sL'Dtef;(c)usiif u kd rf mef jrwfow D mEdik f rcsKdcsKdxGef; rif;ndK0rf; Od;Edik 0f if; udEk ikd 0f if; udo k ef;0if; udkoef;xGËfatmif
rGeyf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG) ANDERWrsK;d atmif udkausmfol udrk sK;d atmif apwem&Siw f OD; rd;k aomuf-u,ftzJ‹G om;rsm; rwfvvufusef
43200(av;aomif;oH;k axmifEpS &f m,ef;wdw)d 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d 4000(av;axmif,ef;wdw)d 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d 1000(wpfaxmif,ef;wdw)d 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d 14000(waomif;av;axmif,ef;wdw)d 196025(wq,hu f ;kd aomif;ajcmufaxmifEh pS q f ,fih g;)
{_yv D (15)&uf ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
pkpak ygif;
303225(oH;k q,fo;kH axmifEpS &f mESpq f ,fih g;,ef;wdw)d
twJ(G 3)/ trSw(f 4) pm±du k cf pmyd‹k c ocifu, kd af wmfri+d ;f yef;csu D m;
10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d 11120(waomif;waxmifwpf&mESpq f ,f,ef;wdw)d 20000(ESpaf omif;,ef;wdw)d
pkpak ygif;
41120(av;aomif;wpfaxmifwpf&mESpq f ,f,ef;)
{_yDv vufuseaf iG
262105(ESpq f ,fah jcmufaomif;ESpaf xmifwpf&mhig;,ef;wdw)d
udak tmifrif; udrk ;kd ndK ud0k if;atmif udk&efrsKd;ausmf
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
16
Moe Thauk Kye Journal Edik if w H umowif;rsm;
ÐqENjyyGrJ sm;/qyl t l kºH uGrr+ sm;ESit hf wl 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if t H jzpf avSsmufvrS ;f aeaom eDaygvfEikd if . H ordik ;f tusO;f csKyf/ tm&Sa'oEdik if w H ckjzpfwhJ eDaygvEf ikd if rH mS vGecf hJ wJ&h ufowWywftenf;i,fcef@up+y;D qENjyyGaJ wG jzpfaecJw h muawmh trsm;od+y;D =uavmuf+yjD zpfyg w,f/ tqdyk gvx l t k =kH urG [ _ m eDaygvb f &k if&@J Edik if H a&;rSm0ifa&muftm%mcsKyu f ikd rf a_ wGa=umifh jzpf yGm;vm&w,fqdk,ifrrSm;ygbl;// tJ'ga=umifh eD aygvEf ikd if &H @J vuf&b dS &k ife@J (2001-ckEpS af vmufu p+y;D )eDaygvEf ikd if &H @J aemufct H ajctaeawGukd a&; om;vdu k rf yd gw,f/ eDaygvb f &k if'Gyanendra' eDaygvEf ikd if &H @J &Sib f &k if'Birendra'eJ@ rdom;pk [m 2001 ckESpf/ ZGefv 1 &ufae@rSm om;awmftdrfa&S@rif;om;jzpfol 'Dipendra'&J@ vky=f uo H wfjzwfre_ @J twl aoqH;k cJ=h u+y;D / vky=f uo H t l rd af &S@rif;om; 'Dipendra'rS m vnf ; csuf j cif ; qd k o vd k ol @ ud k , f o l aoewf e J @ ypf o wf c g aoa=umif;=upH nfcw hJ hJ a=uuGb J , G t f jzpftysujf zpfymG ;cJyh gw,f/ vky=f uo H t l rd af &S@rif;om;'Dipendra'[m csujf cif;raoqH;k cJah yrJh aemufwae@ jzpfwhJ ZGev f 2 &ufae@rSmaoqH;k cJv h @kd eDaygvEf ikd if rH mS bk&ift±du k t f &mudq k ufczH @kd &m bk&ifro d m;pke@J teD;qH;k aoG;csi;f qdv k @kd &Sib f &k if'Birendra'&J@ nDawmfpyfol (,ckvuf&b dS &k if) 'Gyanendra'om eef;wGi;f rSmuse&f w dS t hJ ajctaeudak &mufc&hJ avw,f/ tJ'ga=umifh 'Gyanendra'[m ZGev f 4 &ufae@rSm eDaygvEf ikd if &H @J bk &if t jzpf a =ujimcJ h y gw,f ? tJ ' D a e@rS m bJ eD a ygvf E d k i f i H r S m bk & if j zpf v mwJ h 'Gyanendra' udq k ef@usiw f hJ qENjyyGaJ wGjzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f/ 'Gyanendra'[m tqdy k gqENjyyGaJ wGukd nrxGu&f trde@f eJ@twl ESrd ef if;cJv h @kd tHkºur_awG+yD;qHk;+yDvdk@xif&ayrJh eDaygvfjynfolvlxk[m eDaygvfEdkifiH&J@ &Sib f &k if'Birendra'eJ@ rdom;pkvyk =f ucH cH &hJ wJh tjzpftysurf eS u f kd *Ce%rod=u& ao;wmrd@k tqdyk gtjzpfreS u f kd az:xkwf ay;bd@k awmif;qdak ecJ=h uygw,f? e*du k yif uGejf rLepfoyl ek af wGaomif; use;f aewJh eDaygvEf ikd if rH mS 'Gyanendra' bk&ifjzpfvm+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f rSm ydrk jkd yif;xef wJw h u k d cf u k d rf a_ wGqifEv J $ mcJ&h m'Gyanendra' [m Edik if aH &;xJu0kd ifa&mufcs,v f , S u f m ygvrD efukd 2002-ckEpS /f arv 22 &ufae@ rSm zsuo f rd ;f cJ+h y;D / wdik ;f jynftwGi;f rSmvnf; ta&;ay:Oya'xkwjf yefum a±G;aumufyJG topfjyefvnfjyKvyk b f @kd a=ujimcJyh gw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif; bk&if'Gyanendra' tm%mudck sKyu f ikd u f m olu, kd w f ikd 0f ef}u;D csKyfawGudkcef@tyfjcif;/ jzKwfxkwfjcif;wdk@ udk jyKvyk cf yhJ gawmhw,f? tJ'v D 0kd ef}u;D csKyf awG wa,muf+y;D wa,mufajymif;vJcahJ y qENjyyGrJ sm;rSjrifuiG ;f wck/ rJh uGejf rLepfoyl ek af wGjy\emeJ@ jynfwiG ;f r+ird o f ufra_ wG[m bk&if 'Gyanendra'vufatmufrmS ydrk }kd u;D xGm;vmcJ&h mu 2004-ckEpS /f arv 7 &ufae@rSm Edik if aH &;ygwaD wGe@J jynfov l x l [ k m wdik ;f jynfwiG ;f 'Dru kd a&pDpepf jyefvnftouf0ifvmapa&;twGuf qENjycJ=h uygao;w,f/ tqdyk gtajctaeawGe@J twl 2006 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D 9&ufae@rSm bk&if 'Gyanendra'&J@ OD;aqmifr_eJ@a±G;aumufyGJjyKvkyfcJh+yD;/ bk&if 'Gyanendra'&J@ axmufcrH &_ &Sx d m;wJh tpd;k &tzG@J [m tjywftowfa±G;aumufyu JG kd tEdik &f &Sw d ,f vd@k a=ujim+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f upvd@k twdu k t f cHygwaD wG[m tqdyk ga&G;aumufy&JG @J &
v'f u d k vuf r cH E d k i f [ k q d k u mbk & if 'Gyanendra'qef@usifa&;rsm; pwif um ay:ayguv f maecJ&h ygawmhw,f/ bk&if'Gyanendra'udk qef@usiw f hJ jynfov l x l [ k mvnf; Edik if aH &;twdu k f tcHygwaD wGe@J yl;aygi;f um 2006-ckEpS /f {+yv D tapmydik ;f upwif+y;D ydrk jkd yif;xef wJh qENjytHkºur_awGudkqifE$JaepOfrSm/ tjynfjynfqikd &f mrS 'Dru kd a&pDpepfukd jyefvnfusifhoHk;bdk@ zdtm;rsm;vnf; 0ifa&mufvmcJyh gawmhw,f/ tJ'ga=umifh bk&if[m {+yD 26 &uf ae@rSm rdr[ d m Edik if aH &;rSmvH;k 0yg0ifywf
oufrmS r[kwaf wmhbJ eDaygvEf ikd if u H kd 'Drdkua&pDwdkif;jynftjzpf jyefvnf a&muf&adS pa&;twGuf Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG eJ@twl wEdik if v H ;kH a±G;aumufyt JG opf jyefvnfjyKvyk rf nfjzpfa=umif;a=ujimum ab;udx k u G o f mG ;ygawmhw,f? tckvuf&SdrSmawmh ,m,D0ef}uD; csKyt f jzpf 0g&ifEh ikd if aH &;orm;vnf;jzpf ol/ bk&if'Gyanendra'udkvnf;qef@ usio f jl zpfwhJ 'Girija Prasad Koirala' u wm0ef,v l su&f adS e+y;D r=umcifrmS 'Dru kd a&pDppfreS w f hJ a&G;aumufyu JG kd jyef vnfjyKvyk af wmhrmS jzpfygawmhw,f? Ò
Ðukvor*~uef‹uGuaf eonf-h um;uyif tD&efEikd if o H nf EsL uvD;,m;tpDtpOfukd pGe‹f v$wrf nfr[kw[ f k tD&eforwu xkwaf z:ajym-um;vdu k jf cif/ tD&efEdkifiH[m EsLuvD;,m;yg0g xkwfvkyf&ef}udK;aer_udk &yfqdkif;rSmr [kw[ f k tD&eforw'Ahmadinejad' u {+yv D 29 &ufae@u xkwaf z:ajym =um;vdkufygw,f// tD&eftpPvrfEdkifiH [m rdr&d @J EsLuvD;,m;tpDtpOfu&kd yf qdik ;f apzd@k qd&k if rnfo@l eJ@rSaqG;aEG;rSmr [kw[ f v k nf;xyfraH jym=um;vdu k yf gw,f? tD&efEikd if &H @J EsLuvD;,m;qdik &f maqG; aEG;a&;wm0efcH'Ali Larijani'uvnf; ukvor*~&J@ tD&efEdkifiHEsLuvD;,m; xkwv f yk rf u _ kd ydwyf ifwm;jrpfa&;qdik &f m Oya'udk twnfjyKvu kd yf gu tD&efEikd if H [m ukvor*~e@J tquftoG,jf yKvyk f awmhrmS r[kw[ f v k nf; vGecf w hJ &hJ uft enf;i,ftwGi;f u xkwaf z:ajym=um; +y;D jzpfygw,f? tar&duefeJ@ taemufOa&myEdkifiH awG[m tD&efEikd if [ H m EsLvD;,m;vuf eufawGydkifqdkifoGm;cJh&if tD&efEdkifiH&J@ +cdrf;ajcmufr_}uD;xGm;vmrSmudk pdk;&drf vsu&f adS e=uygw,f? tD&efEikd if u H awmh rdr&d @J EsLuvD;,m;pGr;f tifxw k v f yk rf [ _ m t&yfbuftwGu/f +ird ;f csr;f a&;twGuf omxkwfvkyfrSmjzpfw,fvdk@ t}udrf }urd af jymqdak ecJ+h y;D jzpfygw,f/ Oa&myEdkifiHawGtygt0if/ tar&d
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
tD&eforw'Ahmadinejad'
uefEdkifiH[m ukvor*~&J@vHkjcHKa&; aumifpDrSm tD&efEdkifiHEsLuvD;,m; xkwv f yk af er_ukd ydwyf ifwm;qD;a&;Oy a'twnfjyKEdkifa&;twGuf ta&;ay: aqG;aEG;yGJudk r=umrD&uftwGif;rSm usi;f yjyKvyk v f @kd &Sad eygw,f? tJ'v D t kd a&;ay:aqG;aEG;yGrJ jyKvyk rf D ar 1 &ufae@rSmawmh tD&efEikd if [ H m avoHwrsK;d ajymif;vmcJyh gw,f? tqdyk g ar 1 &uf ae@rSm tD&efEikd if [ H m rdrEd ikd f iH&@J EsLuvD;,m;jy\emudk ukvor*~ r[kwfbJ tjynfjynfqdkif&mEsLuvD; ,m;pGr;f tif tzG@J jzpfwhJ (IAEA)eJ@qd&k if aqG;aEG;n‡d Edi_ ;f zd@k tqifoif&h w dS ,fv@kd tD&efEikd if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeu xkwjf yef a=ujimvdu k yf gw,f? Ò
17
Moe Thauk Kye Journal Edik if w H umowif;rsm;
ÐtaemufurBmtkypf Ek iS hf tpPvrfw‹kd ppfjzpfae_yD[k bifvm Ðw±kwo f rw'Hu Jintao' tar&duefEikd if o H ‹kd yxrqH;k 'ifu AD', D w kd w d rf w S qifh ajym-um;vdu k jf cif;/ t}udrt f jzpf tvnftywfa&muf&cdS jhJ cif;/
vGecf w hJ hJ {+yD 23 &ufae@u urBmt h =urf;zuftzG@J }u;D jzpfwhJ 'al-Qaeda'rS acgi;f aqmif ‘tdpk rmbifvm'if’u AD'G D ,dw k w d rf w S qifah jym=um;cJ&h mrSm urBmh taemuftkyfpkEdkifiHawGu vuf&Sdyg vuf p wd k i f ; tpd k ; &tzG J @ opf j zpf w J h 'Hamas'tpdk;&udk txD;useftaz:rJh atmif }udK;pm;aqmif±Gufaewm[m taemuftyk pf ak wGe@J tpPvrfbmom 0ifw@kd ppfypJG wifae+yq D w kd m oufaojy vdu k w f mbJjzpfygw,fv@kd xkwaf z:ajym =um;vdu k yf gw,f? tqdyk gA'GD , D w kd w d af cG udk tm&yf'satellite TV al-Jazeera' uwqifh xkwv f i$ chf w hJ mjzpfygw,f? bifvm'ifu qufvufajym=um;
&mrSm tD&wfEikd if eH @J ql'efEikd if rH mS jzpfymG ; aewJ&h v'fawG[mvnf; ZD,eG 0f g'eD @J t wl usL;ausmef ,fcs@J cJw h hJ tjypf'%fawG bJjzpfygw,fvdk@(tpPa&;eJ@taemuf tkyfpkudk&nfnGef;um)ajym=um;cJh+yD; “igwdk@&J@&nfrSef;csufeJ@wm0efuawmh tpPvrfbmom/ tpPvrfe,fajreJ@ t pPvrfbmom0ifawGukd umuG,zf @kd bJ jzpfw,fæ”vd@k ajym=um;cJyh gw,f/ tqdkygwdwfacGuawmh vGefcJhwJh 2003 ckEpS -f ZEM0g&v D twGi;f u tar&d uefEdkifiHudk wdkufcdkufr_awGwdk;jr‡ifhr,f vdk@ +cdrf;ajcmufcJhwJhwdwfacGaemufydkif; bifvm'if&J@ yxrqHk;wdwfacGbJjzpf ygw,f? Ò ( urBm@t=urf;zuftzG@J 'al-Qaeda' eJ@ tpGe;f a&muftzG@J awG&@J tm&yf 'satellite TV al-Jazeera'uwqifh ±kyjf rif oH=um;wdwaf cGrsm; urBmudx k w k v f i$ hf jyoaer_awGukd tar&duefe@J taemuf Edik if aH wGu ydwq f @kd ta&;,l zd@k }uKd ;pm; aecJhayrJh ydwfyifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdao;ygbl;?)
Ð urBmt h vkyo f rrm;rsm;ae‹(ara';)wGif tm&Sa'orsm;Y tpd;k &qef‹usiaf &;qENjyyGrJ sm;jyKvkycf jhJ cif;
ar 1 &ufae@rSmusa&mufcw hJ hJ urBmh tvkyo f rm;rsm;ae@rSm tm&Sa'owGi;f &Sd EdkifiHtcsKd@rSm tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;qEN jyyGaJ wGukd +ird ;f csr;f pGmjyKvyk cf =hJ uygw,f? tqdyk gjzpfymG ;cJw h hJ tm&SEikd if HawGu awmh zdvpfyikd Ef ikd if eH @J tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if H awGrmS xifxif&mS &Sm;jzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f?
zdvpfydkifEdkifiHrSm tvkyform;tif tm;(7)axmifausmcf ef@ csw D ufqENjycJh =u+y;D / tif'ekd ;D &Sm;Edik if rH mS awmh tvkyo f rm;tiftm; wode;f ausmt f xdyg0ifum tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;qENjyyGaJ wGjyKvyk cf v hJ @kd &Jwyfz@JG 0ifaygi;f aomif;eJ@csu D m apmifh =uyfc&hJ wJt h xd jzpfcyhJ gw,f/ tvkyo f rm;xk&@J awmif;qdrk a_ wGu awmh tvkyform;awG&&SdwJhtcGifht a&;awG[m rwd;k vmwJt h jyif wjznf; jznf;avsmyh g;vmudjk yefvnf ajymif;vJ ay;zdk@eJ@ tjcm;&oifh&xdkufwJhtcGifht a&;awGudk jznfhpGufay;zdk@ pojzifh awmif;qdkcJh=uygw,f? tvm;wlyif +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjycJhwJh tm&SEdkifiHawG uawmh *syef/ wdik 0f rf/ u arBm'D;,m;eJ@ oD&v d uFm Edik if w H @kd jzpfygw,f/ tar&duefEikd if rH mS awmh vlwoef; ausmf qENjycJ=h uygw,f? Ò
w±kwo f rw'Hu Jintao'[m vGef cJw h hJ {+yv D (18)&ufae@u tar&duef EdkifiHudk yxrOD;qHk;t}udrf tvnft ywfc&D;pOftjzpf a&muf&cdS yhJ gw,f? tar&dueforw'Bush'&J@ Ed0k ifbm vtwGif; w±kwfEdkifiHudk oGm;a&muf vnfywfcw hJ chJ &D;pOftwGuf tckvjkd yef vnfum tvnftywfa&muf&v dS mcJh jcif;bJjzpfw,fv@kd avhvmolawGu a0 zefc=hJ uygw,f/ w±kwo f rw[m tar&dueforeJ@ {+yv D (20)&ufae@rSm awG@qHu k m ESpEf ikd f iHqufqHa&;aumif;rGefapa&;awGudk awG@qHak qG;aEG;cJ=h uygw,f/ w±kwforw[m tar&duefrSm&Sd aepOftwGi;f 'Microsoft'ukr% ` yD ikd &f iS f 'Bill Gates'eJ@vnf;awG@qHu k m twl
npmpm;aomufcJh=u+yD; pD;yGm;a&;&m awGukd awG@qHak qG;aEG;cJ=h uygw,f? urBmay:rSm vuf&pdS ;D yGm;a&;awG w [kex f ;kd atmifjrifaewJh w±kwEf ikd if [ H m d hJ 'Micro r=umrDrmS ($250m)wefz;kd &Sw soft Windows Operating Systems' udk 0,f,a l wmhrmS jzpfygw,f/
tdrjf zLawmfyef;O,smOfwiG ;f vrf;a=umif; rSm;um av#mufomG ;aom w±kwo f rw udk tar&dueforwuvSr;f qGaJ epOf?
Ð*syeftpd;k &tzG‹J rS trsK;d om;a&;udOk ;D pm;ay;rnfh ynma&; Oya'topfjyXgef;&eftwnfjyKvdu k jf cif; *syeftpd;k &tzG@J [m {+yv D 28 &uf ae@u *syefEikd if &H @J ynma&;Oya'udk t opfjyefvnfjyXge;f a&;twGuf twnf jyKvu kd +f yjD zpf+y;D r=umrDrmS v$waf wmfukd wifoiG ;f awmhrmS jzpfygw,f? tqdyk gOya't& *syefausmif;awG rSm *syeftrsKd;om;a&;udkydkrdkcspfjrwfEdk; vm&ef/ *syefvrl sK;d wd@k &J@ ±d;k &m"avhe@J ,Ofaus;r_awGukd aemifvmaemufom; awG ydrk akd v;pm;jrwfE;kd vmap&ef ponf wdk@udk OD;pm;ay;oif=um;apzdk@bJjzpfyg w,f? vuf&*dS syefEikd if &H @J ynma&;Oya' [m 1947ckEpS f urBmppf}u;D +y;D qH;k +y;D u wnf;u jyXge;f xm;wJOh ya'jzpfygw,f? *syefEikd if &H @J Edik if aH &;twdu k t f cHygwD awGuawmh tqdkygynma&;Oya't opf[m *syefEikd if eH @J tdref ;D jcif;Edik if aH wG &J@qufqaH &;udk xdcu kd zf , G &f m&Sv d mEdik f +y;D / *syefEikd if t H m; trsK;d om;a&;0g't D jzpf jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;Edkifonfqdk um pd;k &dryf yl efvsu&f adS e=uygw,f/ *syefEdkifiH&Sdq&m/q&mrrsm;toif; (Japan Teachers Union)rS q&m§r pkpak ygi;f ta,muf(610˜000)ausmf
vufrw S x f ;kd umtqdyk g ynma&;Oya' opfjyifqifa&;udk toem;cHwm;jrpf vsuf &Sad e=uygw,f/ vGecf w hJ {hJ +yv D tapmydik ;f rSmvnf; *s yefv$wfawmftrwfawG[m(tdrfeD; csi;f Edik if jH zpfwhJ w±kw-f awmifu&kd ;D ,m; Edik if w H @kd eJ@ qufqaH &;wif;rmvmapwJh tqdkyg)trsKd;om;wdk@&J@ 'Yasukuni Shrine'ac: tmZmenfZr d mefukd oGm; a&muf*g&0jyKc=hJ uygw,f/ *syef0ef}u;D csKyef @J tpd;k &tzJ@G [m w ±kwef @J awmifu&kd ;D ,m;Edik if w H @kd &J@ pGypf JG aer_awGukd tav;rxm;bJ rdrEd ikd if &H @J trsK;d om; a&;eJ@ "avhx;kH pHjzpfonf[k ,H=k unfprJG w S u f m tqdyk gtmZmenfAd rmefo@kd ESppf OfomG ;a&muf*g&0jyKvsuf &Sad eqJjzpfyif jzpfygw,f/ Ò
( Refers & Quoted from : Japan Times & Yahoo News ) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
18
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg;
rme,fyavmc&D;onf armifpif=u,f (}udKqkE d w _ q f ufjcif;) rme,fyavma&mufEiS hf pdwEf v S ;kH uk'd ek ;f 'ke;f csvu dk o f nf? ok@d jzifh usaemfonf rae@nu rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f m(pm;+red &f yd o f m)wGif ESpEf pS +f cKd u+f cKd ut f yd af ysmf oGm;onf? rae@eHeuftyd , f mEk;d vmaomtcg eHeuf 9 em&Dyifx;dk ayawmhonf? {nfh&dyfomaemufbufaqmifwGif apmxl;ESifhol@&Jabmfrsm;toifhjyifxm; aom aumfzu D adk omufvu kd o f nf? Akv d cf sKypf ;dk pk;d onf {nf&h yd o f mab;em;&Sd oD; oef@taqmifuav;wGit f yd o f nf? ol@ukrd awG@ojzifh apmxl;ukad r;rd&m Akv d cf sKyf jrxHomG ;a=umif;od&onf? pm;+red &f yd o f mwm0efcaH pmxl;um; tif;,m;vdy[ f w dk ,fwiG f pm;zkrd LS ;vkycf o hJ l jzpfonf? ref;aiGatmiftr_EiS q hf ufpyfI awmwGi;f ok@d qif;vmjcif;jzpfonf? tif; ,m;vdyw f iG t f awG@t=uKH &cdS ahJ omapmxl;onf rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f mY bJ aumifv;kH / =uufaumifv;kH a=umfcsujf yKwu f m tpGr;f jycGi&hf &Scd ahJ vonf? rme,fyavm{nf&h yd o f mrSm rsuEf mS ESpzf ufziG x hf m;onf? ta&S@bufrsuEf mS pmrSm rme,fyavmppfa&;jyuGi;f ukrd suEf mS rlxm;jcif;jzpf.? taemufbufrsuf ESmpmrSm aomif&if;jrpfurdk suEf mS rlxm;onf? vomaomnrsm;wGif taemuf bufvomaqmifrw S qifh va&mifxw J iG f woGio f iG pf ;D arsmaeaom aomif&if; jrpfjrifuiG ;f onf yef;csq D efvaS yawmhonf? usaemfo h m;ti,fonf usaemfEiS ahf b;csi;f uyfuw k ifwiG t f yd &f m eHeufapm apmEk;d ojzifh ukad pmxl;.vufaxmufwa,mufEiS hf [k[ d 'dk 'D o D mG ;aeavonf? usaemfonf aemufbufaqmifrS {nfh&dyfom.{nfhcef;aqmifqDokd@xGufvm onf? {nf&h yd o f m.vuf0b J ufteD;qH;k Y y'kad pmboif.±H;k cef;&SI d vusmf buf wGif jynfxaJ &;wm0efcyH 'kb d . D ±H;k cef;&So d nf? usaemfonf awmawmifa&ajr.obm0ukq d ifjcif=unf&h mrS usaemfb h 0ukd vnf; qifjcif=unfrh jd yefonf? trSerf mS usaemfb h 0onf rme,fyavma&muf vmjcif;jzifh tajymif;tvJ}u;D ajymif;vJomG ;avonf? usaemf.b0oH;k yHEk pS yf kH onf &efuek +f rKd @rSmyifuek cf +hJ yjD zpfonf? ,ckuseaf eao;aomwyHu k dk a&S@c&D;tjzpf quf&efyifjzpfayonf? Tok@d &Spd Of ae@vnfcif;ta&mufY Akv d rf LS ;pk;d pk;d / Akv d cf sKyjf rESit hf wl jyefa&muf vmonf? AkdvfcsKyfjronf y%mrtaeESifh usaemfhtm;}udKqkdjcif;jzpfayonf?
Adv k cf sKyjf r/ armifpif=u,f
aemufae@wGif rme,fyavm&Sd KNUacgi;f aqmifrsm;ygyg0ifI tcrf;tem;jzif}h uKd qkEd w _ q f ufonf? ,if;ESiyhf ufoufI(Voice of Burma)pmapmif ‘Akv d cf sKyjf rESihf ol. usaemfwifjyvdrk ,fu h saemfjh zwfoef;r_tppftrSe’f aqmif;yg;wGiaf tmufyg twkid ;f usaemfa&;om;cJah vonf? awmfovif;ESio hf w D if;u|wv f awmusa&ESihf awmifusa&wd@k jzifh ausmuf aqmifxal jymvSaomaomif&if;jrpfonf =urf;I&rf;IaeqJwidk f ,if;tcsed rf mS yif usaemfonf rme,fyavmok@d a&muf&v dS mavawmhonf? yxrae@wGif Adv k cf sKyf jronf Akv d cf sKypf ;dk pk;d ESit hf wlusaemf&&dS m rme,fyavmwnf;ck&d yd o f m(pm;+red &f yd f om)ok@d a&muf&v dS m+y;D OD;pGmE_wq f uf&mS onf? 'kw, d ae@wGirf l Akv d jf ronf usef KNUacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESit hf wltcrf;tem;rsK;d jzifh usaemfu h x dk yfraH wG@qHjk yefonf? xdt k csed u f rme,fyavmonf Edik if aH &;t& aeomcsed jf zpfI vomcsed v f nf; jzpfavonf? &efuek +f rKd @&Sd ppftyk pf u k dk Edik if aH &;t&ESihf ppfa&;t& &ifqikd zf uf+yKd i&f m A[kXd mecsKyo f nf rme,fyavmyifjzpfonf? ok@d jzpfI jynfwiG ;f jynfywk@d . tm ±Hpk ;l pku d &f ma'oonf rme,fyavmyifjzpfIaejyefavonf? ae@pOfrjywf jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS{nfo h nfrsm;ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm; a&muf&v dS @dk vm=uonf? rme,fyavm. acgi;f aqmif}u;D i,ftoG,o f , G w f @kd onfvnf; ‘jynfyEkid if aH &;c&D;onfrsm;’tjzpf acguw f ek @f jyefxu G cf gG ae=u&onf? 'Dru kd a&pD ta&;ESihf vkrsK;d pkrsm;. vGwaf jrmufa&;blred wfoefrme,fyavmwGif tpnf;t a0;}u;D i,fvwfw@dk onfvnf; rjywf&adS eavonf? u&if E S p f opf u l ; ae@/ u&iftrsK;d om; ae@/ apmbOD; }u;D usq;k H aom tmZmenfae@/ 'Drdkua&pD&Spf av;vH k ; ae@/ AdkvfcsKyfjrarG; ae@/ rme,fy avmwGif t crf;tem;[lI jywf o nf y if r&Syd g? ,if;t crf;tem;rsm; (0Jr, S m)pde0f if;òrif/ pde0f if;òriforD;/ apmif;q&mapmwaum0g; wGif y&dowf rsm;tm;'kid cf I H ajzazsmf aeolrmS pde0f if;+rKd i. f ZmwfobifwzG@J vH;k yifjzpfavonf? ,if;usaemft h m;}uKd qydk w JG iG f c&D;vGeaf eolAv dk cf sKyaf rmifarmifrv S I JG taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;y'kad pmboif;/ y'kpd v H if;/ au:olav;tpk;d &tzG@J 0if Ekid if jH cm;a&;wm 0efcaH 'guw f mtmom/ ynm&Siw f m0efcyH 'kad &$om[J/ pku d yf sKd ;a&; wm0efcyH 'kpd ;dk atmif/ jynfxaJ &;wm0efcyH 'kb d /D w&m;a&;wm0efcaH pmvl;vl;av;/ ukeo f , G af &; wm0efcyH 'k0d D KNUOuUX.twGi;f a&;rSL;ref;&Smvref;(,ckKNUtwGi;f a&;rSL;) aumfoal v;tpk;d &0ef}u;D csKy. f twGi;f a&;rSL; apmwefr(D ,ck=opa=w;vs)wd@k jzpf=uonft h jyif ppf±;kH rSAv dk cf sKyw f mrvmabmvnf;yg0ifonf? txl;ojzifh us aemfrrSwfrdawmhaom yk*~dKvfrsm;vnf;yg0ifEdkifayonf? (rme,fyavm0ef;usifar#mfvkdufv#if) rme,fyavma&ajrtaetxm;onf qufo, G rf t _ & vG,u f o l nf? r,fo a0grS aomif&if;jrpftwkid ;f pkeq f if;v#if 2 em&Dausmaf usmf 3 em&DavmufEiS hf a&mufEikd o f nf? wzef apmvJxrS oHviG jf rpftwdik ;f pkeq f if;I aomif&if;jrpf0 a&mufv#if aomif&if;twkid ;f jyefqefwuf 3em&DavmufEiS hf rme,fyavmok@d
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
19
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; a&mufEidk o f nf? uke;f vrf;uroGm;Edik af omfvnf; a&vrf;uoGm;Ekid o f nf? aEG&moDa&mufIaomif&if;jrpfa&cef;vmaomtcg r,foa0grw S qifh ‘cvJ apul’ESifh ‘cavmwJ’avSqdyfwkd@rSwqifh y'kdatmifqef;.txufem;Y armf awmfum;ukad rmif;ul;vm+y;D rme,fyavmok@d um;jzifw h u dk ±f u dk af &mufEidk o f nf? rJaqmuf&adS cgi;f aqmifrsm;onf r,foa0grw S qifh rme,fyavmok@d vm=u+y;D Zif;r,f&adS cgi;f aqmifrsm;rSm Zif;r,f/ r,fq&D;&if;/apmvJxwk@d rSwqifh rme,f yavmok@d vm=u.? apmvJxonf oHviG jf rpfay:wGi&f I dS r,foa0grmS aomif&if;jrpfay:wGi&f dS onf? wenf;tm;jzifh apmvJxonf aps;+rKd @vnf;jzpf.? apmvJxaumif;pm;pOf u aps;qkid af ygi;f &mcsI D &Sad vonf? vufvv D uUm;jzef@cso d nf? ol@vufwrH mS rme,fyavm/ oHviG af tmufbufEiS hf oHviG t f aemufbufurf; zgyeG b f ufo@dk jzpfavonf? apmvJx.xl;jcm;r_rmS rk;d tcgYaps;wef;rSm tcdik t f cef@aqmuf xm;aom awmifapmif;ay:a&mufomG ;+y;D aEGtcgY aps;qdik Ef iS ahf ps;wef;onf us a&ESit hf wl aomifjyifurf;pyfqo D @dk a&mufomG ;avonf? usaemfonf r,foa0gEiS rhf me,fyavmukd pkeq f efI oGm;a&mufz;l ovkd apmf vJxESihf rme,fyavmukv d nf; pkeq f efIoGm;a&mufb;l onf? txl;ojzifh wck aomrk;d &moDa&azgiaf zgiw f iG f usaemfonfapmvJxaps;qkid 0f &HwmrSov H iG jf rpf wGi;f ok@d =unfah erd.? tpD;oefvaS omoHviG af &pD;ESiv hf i_d ;f }u;D rsm;onf usaemf a&S@rSmyif a'gormefxaeaome*g;}u;D waumifEiS w hf v l eG ;f vSawmhonf? TwGif aemufyidk ;f Y usaemfonf usaemf.‘oHviG *f EW0if’wGif apmvJxESihf a'gif;uGiftzGJ@wGif atmufygtwdkif;zGJ@cJhavonf? oHviG &f @J jrpfurf;ay: wac:avmufa0; apmvJxac:±Gmuav; pnfum;vd@k av;æ?
cH/ u&ifvil ,ftpnf;t±H;k / y'kad usmpf ;dk .tdrEf iS v hf u B &f nfqidk /f cdik pf ;dk Ekid af tmif. f rd /f xkrd S rme,fyavmuGi;f }u;D uk0d idk ;f tHI k zG@J pnf;xm;aomt (NDF)Edik af &$usit aqmuftODrsm;/ rme,fyavmppfa&;jyuGif;&Sd AdkvfcsKyfjr.aetdrf/ ±Hk;cef;ESifh a[m0g';D .AsL[m=um;wGif tn=wocsKiõ ;f wk@d jzpfavonf? ,if;ESiyhf ufoufI usaemfonf(Voice of Burma)pmapmif bde;f bk&ifceG f qmESihf ±k&mS ;q&m0efEpS Of ;D jyefay;qGcJ &H onfZh mwfvrf;aqmif;yg;wGif [kzd ed ;f ESihf rme,fyavmukEd i_d ;f ,SOcf sujf zifh atmufygtwdik ;f a&;om;cJah vonf? xdpk Ofu[krd ek ;f ESihf xkpd Ofurme,fyavmukEd i_d ;f ,SOcf sujf zif=h unfv h #if wnfae &mwGijf cm;em;r_&o dS uJo h @dk tus,t f ajymwGiv f nf;jcm;em;r_&adS vonf? rme,f yavmonf aemufausmwGif awmifwef;ESiahf e@rsuEf mS pmwGif aomif&if;jrpfw@kd &Sd I usO;f ajrmif;aomajrtaetxm;ay:wGif vHjk cKH a&;ukt d a=umif;cHum wnfxm; jcif;yifjzpf.? ok@d jzpfI rme,fyavmonf av;axmifo h ¾mefvnf;r&S/d vH;k 0kid ;f yHk o¾mefvnf;r&Sb d J aomif&if;ESit hf +yKd iaf jy;I awmife&H EH iS jhf rpfurf;ab;wGif t vsm;&Snx f u G u f m teHrmS &Sad eavonf? [krd ek ;f um; rlv[krd ek ;f csKid 0hf rS ;f }u;D wGipf wifwnf&mrS ae@pOf&ufqufb'l Zdk m }u;D rsm;jzifh awmife&H aH jrom;rsm;ukd qufvufI+zKd cs@J aeav&m wae@wjcm; us,jf yef@xGuv f maom [krd ek ;f jzpfvmavonf? ok@d jzpfI[krd ek ;f (Homong) onf +rKd @ywfo¾mefav;axmifEh iS hf vH;k 0kid ;f o¾mef&w dS @kd &Sad vonf? +y;D v#if rm e,fyavmonf rme,fyavmwckwnf;r[kwb f J pmoifausmif;rsm;/ aq;±Hak q; cef;rsm;ESihf acgi;f aqmifrsm;aexkid &f mwdEk iS t hf wl tukid ;f tcufrsm;jzm xGuaf e onf? [krd ek ;f rSmrl csKid 0hf rS ;f +rKd @opf}u;D twGi;f Yom pmoifausmif;/ aq;±H/k bke;f }u;D ausmif;/ tvky±f /kH puf±/kH a[mfw,f/ AGD'D,kdcef;r/ um&mtkdau/ 'pPukd/ ,Ofaus;r_jycef;ESihf omreft&yfol t&yfom;rsm;rS acgi;f aqmif}u;D i,f toG,o f , G w f @kd txd [krd ek ;f twGi;f Yyif waygi;f wpnf;wnf; aexdik f apmvJxudak usmf =uavonf? war#maf vmufa0; Akv d cf sKyjf r/ y'kb d oif/ y'kpd v H if; a'gi;f uGiq f ±kd mG uav; wkd@onf a[G;aygvlwGifaexkdif=u a'gif;awGeJ@azG;æ? onf ? Ak d v f c sKyf a rmif a rmif w usaemfonfapmvJxrSa'gif;uGif a,mufwnf;om rme,fyavm txda&mufbl;onf? a'gif;uGifwGif wGifaeonf? AkdvfcsKyfarmifarmif. a'guw f mEkid af tmifABSDFwyfz@JG rsm; rdom;pkrsm;rSm bm;tHc±kid /f aemiftdk csxm;I apmvJxatmufbuf oH oHviG jf rpfusa&wGiaf wG@&aom apmvJx wGiaf eavonf? vGiaf emufbufurf;wGif rk;d oD;ZGe. f (rme,fyavmwnfaqmufr_) ABSDFoHvi G pf cef;&Sad vonf? vlwa,mufyifjzpfap/ um;wpD;yifjzpfap/ rme,fyavmok@d vmv#if txuf (rme,fyavm+rdK@jy ) rme,fyavmukd y'kad tmifqef;wk@d .trsK;d orD;rsm;apmif=h uyfaom uif;*dwrf S wGiaf rmif;vmaom±H;k taqmuftODEiS hf vlaetdraf jcrsm;ukjd zwfoef;vm&onf? pwifa&wGuv f #if Akv d rf LS ;}u;D avm0g'. D AsL[mwGit f qH;k owfrnfjzpfonf? T txl;ojzifh oxHke,frS Zmwfq&mpdef0if;+rdKif.ZmwfobiftzGJ@onf csD; f S ae&monf ta&S@bufwiG af omif&ifjrpfjzpfI aemufbufwiG f awmifwef;u usL;zG,&f maumif;vS.? rme,fyavmtcg}u;D &uf}u;D rsm;wGif wm0efausyeG v onf? ol@ESihf ol@0kid ;f awmfom;rsm;onf Zmwfobifqakd omfvnf; pnf;ESiu hf rf;ESihf umqD;xm;avonf? trsKd;orD;*dwfrSavm0g'D.AsL[mta&muf atmufygtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh aexdik =f uonf? 1993 ckEpS af &mufv#if u&ifjynfe,fu apmif;q&mapmw vlaetdraf jcrsm;ukd jrifawG@&onfjzpfayonf? trsK;d orD;uif;*dw/f pde0f if;+rKd if aum0g;/ pde0f if;+rKd iEf iS hf ol@orD;av;wk@d onf,Ofaus;r_zvS,af &;tpDtpOft& ZmwfobiftzG@J / NCGUBESihf aemfa0(DVB)toHzrf;±H/k &[ef;ysKo d r*~O;D acrmpm *smreDEkdifiHokd@yif a&mufcJh=uao;onf? rme,fyavmwGif &H;k XmetaqmuftODrsm;pGm&So d nft h euf ±H;k ESit hf wlq;kH rSm &.ausmif;/ r,fwu k pdQ rf;acsmif;/ (NLD/LA)±H;k / uAsmq&myef;cufvu B &f nfqidk /f a':atmifqef;pk=unfvrf;/ bmblvu B &f nfqidk /f ref;&Smvref;tdrf (GREEN NO- rme,fyavmppf&;kH ESihf cdik pf ;dk Ekid af tmif. NDF±H;k wd@k yifjzpfonf? rme,fyavm ppf±;kH onf reuf±;kH rSerf eS w f ufI nae±H;k qif;onf? tcg}u;D &uf}u;D rsm;wGirf S VEMBER-32).rpPwmpwd/ ukad t;aqmif.PLF/ jrifah Zmf.vl@ abmifopf/ KIO f nf? ppf±;kH .aemufwef; ±H;k xkid rf LS ;rSm Adv k cf sKyw f myvmabm. om;i,f ±H;k / (DAB)±H;k / q&m}u;D paumv,fawmaetdr/f tmZmenfuek ;f / apmueJyaD etdr/f &H;k ydwo dk w f ikd f ol.±H;k Adv k u f sm;aetdr/f trsK;d orD;tcsKy/f use;f rma&;Xme/ b¾mwm0efc/H vli,fwm0ef jzpfonf? +y;D v#icf ikd pf ;dk Ekid af tmif.±H;k jzpfonf? ckid pf ;dk Edik af tmifu, rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
20
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; aemufcef;wGif tjr&J adS eaoma=umifh tjryJ if±;kH wufaejcif;jzpfavonf? xkrd S ol onf &yfa0;&yfe;D uvmor#{nfo h nfrsm;ukd olu'kid cf I H pum;ajym{nfch jH cif;yif jzpfavonf? d s&mrS ,if;ok@d ±H;k jraJ omcdik pf ;dk Edik af tmifudk KNUacgi;f aqmifrsm;onf rsupf u olEiS t hf oufrsm;pGmi,f±, G af om u&ifrav;wa,mufEiS hf tdraf xmifus.? rm e,fyavmwGiu f si;f yaomr*Fvmvufxyfyt JG oD;oD;wGif ckid pf ;dk Ekid af tmif r*Fvm yGaJ vmuf}u;D us,rf nfrxifyg? rme,fyavmwcGiv f ;kH rD;ck;d wdwaf vawmhonf?
H if;/ Akv d cf sKyaf rmifarmif/ Ekid af &$usiEf iS hf usaemfonf VOBwGif ‘b&efqikd ;f / y'kpd v oHviG u f a±$qidk ;f ’[lI a&;om;cJo h nf? b&efqikd ;f ESiyhf ufoufIrl atmufygt wkid ;f a&;cJ. h ? “xdak e@urpPwm*srd ;f pfonf KI0±H;k cef;wnf&mESihf KI0 acgi;f aqmif}u;D &S&d m tJvZD bwfa[mfw,f 11 xyfqo D @dk usaemfw@dk ukOd ;D aqmifIac:oGm;onf? b&ef qdik ;f onf ol@tcef;xJwiG f usaemfw@kd ukt d oifah pmifah eonf? rpPwm*srd ;f pfonf usaemfw@kd ukd b&efqikd ;f xHy@dk aqmif+y;D aemuf tjcm;tcef;qDo@dk xGuo f mG ;awmh onf? ,ckKI0ucsit f rsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D b&efqidk ;f ukd yxrqH;k usaemfawG@ bl;jcif;jzpfygonf? b&efqikd ;f onf ucsit f rsK;d om;wOD;taeESihf t&yfrmS rykveG ;f r&Snv f eG ;f / tom;t&nfrmS jzL0if;vd@k aeonf? tpOfjyKH ;±$iI f azmfa±Gaomol. rsufESmonf awmfpGrf;aompnf;±Hk;a&;orm;tjzpfukdyifausmfvGefI oHwref aumif;tjzpfuydk g az:jyaeonf? ,if;ok@d jzifh b&efqidk ;f ESiu hf saemfonf ucsijf ynf e,f jrpfqakH 'oukt d a=umif;jyKI twdwu f jdk yefajymif;ajymrdavonf?” aqmif;yg;tqH;k wGiu f saemfonf atmufygtwkid ;f a&;om;xm;jyefavonf? “ok@d jzifu h saemfonf KI0trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D b&efqidk ;f zdw=f um;onfh ucsiXf mecsKyyf gcsKo d @dk tvnftywfEiS hf avhvma&;c&D;tjzpfomG ;&ef oabmwl vdu k o f nft h jyif aemufwacgub f &efqikd ;f tpnf;ta0;vmI tjyefc&D;wGif wyg wnf;usaemfvu kd yf gomG ;&efuydk g uwdjyKvu kd af vonf? ok@d &mwGif b&efqikd ;f rme,fyavmwGirf ;D cd;k wdwcf ahJ om ckid pf ;kd Edik af tmifvufxyfyGJ onf aemufwacgut f pnf;ta0;vm&ef vlrif;aetdrYf pDpOfaecdu k f ±kww f &ufO;D aemufxyfcs;D usL;zG,&f mrSm KI0. ucsiaf *[mjzpfonf? rme,fyavmwGif a%Smufa=umjywfIuG,v f eG cf ahJ vonf? TwGif usaemf.ygcsKo d @dk oGm;a&;ar#mf u&if+y;D v#if pepfwusEiS hf vlO;D a&t&aexkid o f nfrmS KI0yifjzpfonf? rme,f vifch suaf wmif}u;D onfvnf; wygwnf;uGt J ufuma=urGomG ;awmhonf?” yavmY tjrw J ef;aexkid o f nfrmS a'guw f mwl;*smESihf Akv d rf LS ;}u;D aZmfqidk ;f wd@k jzpf (qufvufazmfjyygrnf) .? wESpv f #iKf I0.toH;k p&dwrf mS ode;f 60 jzpfonf? KI0OuUXb&efqdkif;rSm zdwaf c:tyfygonf tpnf;ta0;&Sad omtcgwiG rf S ygcsKrd , S el ef/ ,leefrb S efaumuf +y;D v#iw f quf wnf; rme,fyavmok@d a&mufvmonf? KI0ESiehf tzwd@k typftcwf &yfp=J u tðyoabmaqmifonfh pmrlrsm;ESihf owif;tcsuftvufrsm; onfjyKaomtcg usaemfonf Adv k rf LS ;}u;D aZmfqidk ;f ukd tifwmAsL;vkycf iG &hf cJ. h ? Tok@d jzifh usaemfonf rme,fyavm&Sad wmifuek ;f ay:wGif Akv d rf LS ;}u;D aZmfqidk ;f tm; udk rnfolrqdkay;ydk@Edkifyga=umif; rdk;aomuf=u,f*sme,frS zdwaf c:tyfonf? tifwmAsL;vkycf &hJ avonf? &ufwadk exkid cf iG jhf zifh aexkid pf OfwiG f 'kuo Q nfcv dk cH_ iG u hf adk v#mufxm;cJ+h y;D / xkt d wkid ;f aevk@d &ygovm;? aexkid cf iG t hf rsKd ;tpm; &ufwadk exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mqko d nfrmS tvnftywfEiS hf acwW pD;yGm;a&;/ rdom;pktvnftywfponf&h nf&, G cf sujf zifh *syefEidk if o H @dk vmrnfo h rl sm; tm; ay;onfAh ZD mjzpfonf? &ufwadk exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mtrsKd ;tpm;rSm trsm;qk;H &uf(90)ay;+y;D / oufwrf;wk;d &ef vkt d yfonft h jyif tvkyv f yk cf iG hf r&So d nfAh ZD mjzpfI 'kuo Q nfrsm;ukv d ufcaH eonfh trsKd ;rsKd ;aomtzG@J tpnf;rsm;.0efaqmifru _ dk cH,El idk v f rd rhf nfr[kwaf y? xk@d a=umifh &ufwadk exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mjzifh aexkid af epOftwGi;f wGif 'kuo Q nfcv k c_H iG hf av#mufxm;onft h cg rdrad exkid &f m+rKd @e,fEiS hf oufqidk o f nfv h 0u&k;H ok@d oGm; a&muf+y;D / aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD mukd &ufwrdk &S uf&n S af exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mok@d ajymif;vJav#muf xm;&efvt dk yfonf? xkad jymif;vJav#mufxm;r_udk aexkid cf iG jhf yKumv rukeq f ;Hk rD av#mufxm;&rnf? uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuo Q nftrsKd ;tpm;rSm a&&Snaf exkid cf iG Ahf ZD mok@d ajymif;av#muf&ef twGuf vkt d yfonfph m&Gupf mwrf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfygonf/ (ok@d aomf um,uH&iS . f ta=umif;t&mtajctaeay:vku d I f xyfrjH znfph u G w f ifjy&efvrdk nfh pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;vnf; &Sad umif;&Sad yvdrrhf nf?) - ADZmajymif;cGiahf v#mufvm$ / - Ekid if jH cm;om;rSwyf w Hk ifu'f / - tpD&ifcpH m (oifah vsmo f nft h mrcHy*k K~ v d rf &SI d aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD majymif; &efvt dk yfa=umif; az:jyxm;onf?) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
21
vlaer+ywf0ef;usiaf exkid af &;vufppGJ mtkyt f !Ge;f
tar;tajzu¾
tcef; -1? owfrw S Of ya't&aqmif&u G rf _ 1-1 a&&Snaf exkid cf iG Ehf iS yhf wfoufI a&&Snaf exkid cf iG u hf &dk olonf rnfuo hJ @dk aexkid u f sio hf ;Hk vku d ef m&ygrnfv´J a&&Snaf exkid cf iG q hf o dk nfrmS w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u;D rS txl;t a=umif;t&mukad xmufxm;+y;D aexkid cf iG hf umvtwkid ;f twmuko d wfrw S +f y;D aexkid f cGiu hf dk todtrSwjf yKc&H oltm; ay;onfah e xkdifcGifhjzpfayonf? a&&SnfaexkdifcGifh&ol rSm *syefEidk if . H vkyif ef;qkid &f mwGif uef@owf r_r&Sdonf@twGuf tvkyfvkyfukdif&mwGif vkyif ef;qkid &f mcGijhf yKcsu, f &l efrvkad y? xk@d tjyif vifr,m;uGm&Si;f wm/ tvkyx f u G w f mrsKd ;awGrmS aexkid cf iG t hf rsK;d tpm;ukd ajymif;&efrvk?d 1? aexkid cf iG t hf rsdK;tpm;ESihf aexkid cf iG jhf yKumvukd aocsmpGmppfaq;yg? *syefEidk if w H iG f 'kuo Q nftjzpf todtrSwjf yKc&H ygu csucf si;f v0u±H;k &Sd wm0ef cHy*k Kd~ vt f m; aexkid cf iG jhf yKumvukd aocsmpGm ppfaq;+y;D *syefEidk if w H iG ;f wGif w&m; 0ifaexkdifEkdif&eftwGuf tjcm;aqmif¶Guf&ef vdktyf§rvkdtyfESifh aemufykdif; oufwrf;wk;d &ef b,fawmhavmufvmzk@d ukd ar;xm;oifo h nf? w&m;r0ifaexkid cf o hJ nfu h mvtwGi;f wGif 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufxm;cJo h rl mS oufoufaecGit hf rsKd ;tpm;ukad v#mufxm;&efvt dk yfayrnf? aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD mtrsKd ;tpm;ESihf aexkid cf iG u hf mvrSm ywfpyk@d wGif qD;vf(ok@d )wHqyd f jzifhaz: jyxm;ayrnf? rdrzd momaocsmpGm ppfaq;=unfEh idk af yonf? r=unfw h wfygu oufqidk &f m e,fajr&Sad 'oqkid &f m v0u±k;H wGi&f adS om Ekid if jH cm;om;aexkid cf iG t hf axGaxGtifaz: ar;&Si;f pifwmrS pDpOfay;Ekid yf gI xkXd mewGif aqG;aEG;wkid yf ifEidk yf gonf? 2? aexkid cf iG u fh mvoufwrf;wk;d aqmif±u G &f ef? a&&Snaf exkid cf iG &hf olonf 1 ESp(f ok@d ) 3 ESpjf ynfch ge;D u oufwrf;wk;d &efvt dk yf onf? xko d @dk oufwrf;wk;d zk@d rvkyv f #if oufwrf;ausmv f eG o f mG ;+y;D xkad e@rSp+y;D w&m;r0ifaexkid rf j_ zpfomG ;+y;D / Ekid if w H iG ;f rSjyefy@dk cH&rnfjzpfonfudk owdjyKapvkyd g onf? aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD moufwrf;wk;d &efrmS rdrad exkid &f m +rKd @e,f§&yfuu G Ef iS hf oufqidk f onfv h 0u±k;H wGijf yKvyk &f rnf? oufwrf;wk;d av#mufjcif;ukd oufwrf;rukerf D ESpv f cef@tvkrd pS +y;D }uKd wifvyk af qmifEidk o f nft h wGuf }udKwifjyifqifxm;Ekdif ayonf? uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuo Q nfrsm; a&&Snaf exkid cf iG Ahf ZD moufwrf;wk;d av#mufxm;&m wGif vkt d yfonfph m&Gupf mwrf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf? (ok@d aomf tajctaeta=umif;t&may: rlwnf+y;D aemuf xyfrjH znfph u G w f ifjy &ef pm±Gupf mwrf;rsm;vkt d yfygvrd rhf nf/ ) (u) aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD m oufwrf;wk;d av#mufvm$ (c ) tvkyaf xmufcpH m (* ) tpD&ifcH wifjypm (oifah vsmo f nfh tmrcHy*k Kd~ vf r&SI d aexkid cf iG Ahf ZD moufwrf;wk;d av#mufxm; vko d nft h a=umif;/ tusKd ;ta=umif; ckid v f pHk ma&;om;xm;jcif;-ponf)h wzufpmrsufEmS od@k
rd;k aomuf=u,ft,f'w D mrif;rsm;cifAsm;? usaemf&h ifxrJ mS r&Si;f wmwck&v dS @kd ar;csiyf gw,f? bmvnf;qdak wmh &jzL*su D sxm;+y;D om;trsK;d orD;wa,mufu ol@ud, k o f l *syefrmS v_y&f mS ;aewJh pmaytzJ@G tpnf;wckuwm0efcw H a,mufyg/ Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;wckrmS vnf; t"duae&muae wm0ef,v l y_ &f mS ;aewJo h w l a,mufq+kd y;D rdwq f ufpum;qdyk gw,f? aemufawmh ol@wd@k &J@pmaytzG@J tpnf; ta=umif;/ Edik if aH &;ta=umif;awGukd ud, k &f nfaoG;pum;qd+k y;D tJ'gawGa=umifh &jzL*su D swmvd@k usaemfw@kd ajymygw,f? usaemfw@kd vnf; olajymcsiw f mudk ajym Edik af tmif onf;cH+y;D em;axmifay;=uygw,f? qH;k vnf;qH;k a&m ol@vdrk sKd;&jzL*sD& csi&f if tckow l @kd usi;f yrJh pmaya[majymyJaG wGrmS 0ifyg&r,f? tJ't D wGuf *syef ,ef;waomif;ay;&r,f? tJ'v D akd iGwaomif;ay;&if pma&;q&mawGu axmuf cHpma&;ay;r,f? 'gqd&k if v0urSm&jzL*sD&zd@k twGuf taxmuftxm;wck taeeJ@wifEikd w f ,fq+kd y;D tmabmiftm&if;oefoefe@J ajymygw,f? oluawmh aiGvckd sifwahJ vmbaZmwckxeJ @J ajymaerSe;f odayr,hf pdwrf aumif;wmu ol ajymovdrk sKd; jynfya&mufvmwJh usaemfw@kd &J@ pma&;q&mawGu *syefaiGw aomif;ay;&if axmufcpH ma&;ay;w,fqw kd m [kwrf [kwf &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;od csifv@kd ar;=unfw h mygæ 'Dupd eP @J ywfouf+y;D yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif;ajym&&if tckvv kd yk pf m;aewJh taygpm;pma&; q&mawGa&m/ olw@kd &J@atmufqaGJ wGa&m/ tjznfah wmfcaH wGa&mr&Sb d ;l r[kwyf g bl;/ &Syd gw,f? 'gayrJh tJ't D xJrmS vltrsm;av;pm;+y;D *k%o f u d mQ &Sw d hJ pma&; q&m}u;D awGwa,mufrrS ygb;l qdw k mudak wmh &J&0J 0hH ahH jymjy&apAsmæ/ rd;k aomuf=u,fa&æ/ jrefrmjynfrmS ukeaf ps;E_e;f awGtqrwefwufaew,fw?hJ usrwd@k &Smor#e@J yd@k or#aiGu bmrSprk ad qmif;rdwmr&Sb d ;l jzpfaew,fv@kd tdru f vlawGuajymaew,f? 'Dtwdik ;f qd&k if usrwd@k wawG *syefrmS atmufajcodr;f tvkyv f yk &f if;eJ@ b0awGuek q f ;kH awGr,fxifygw,f&iS æ f ? b,fvv kd yk &f if aumif;rvJqw kd m t=u^H m%fay;ygOD;æ tJ'v D rkd sK;d rjzpfapcsi&f if ud, k Ehf ikd if &H @J pepfq;kd }u;D ajymif;vJz@kd twGuf 'Dru kd a&pD wdu k yf rGJ mS wwyfwtm;0ifa&mufvy_ &f mS ;ygv@kd t=uaH y;csiyf gw,fAsmæ [Jvrkd ;kd aomuf=u,fæ? ESpq f ef;w&ufae@rSmxl;r,fv@kd ajymae=u+y;D tckawmh vnf; bmrSjzpfrvmygvm;Asæ bmrSjzpfrvmqdk bmrSrvkyaf o;vd@k omrSwAf sm? jzpfvmzk@d twGuf usaemfw@kd cifAsm;wd@k rSmvnf; wm0efawGu, kd pf &D =dS uygw,fæ
[Jvrkd ;kd aomuf=u,fæ? usaemfAsm jrefrmjynfah &Sc› &D;ED;S aESmzvS,yf q GJ v kd @kd jrefrmEdik if o H m;wa,muftaeeJ@ oGm;a&mufwufryd gw,fAsm? 0ifa=u;qd+k y;D ,ef;waxmifvnf;tawmif;cH&ao;w,f? 'D=um;xJ bmrvky&f nmrvky&f qdk G m;wJh ud, k ahf ±$jrefrmarmif +y;D ae&if;xkid &f if;eJ@ (STAFF)vd@k vnfyif;pmqJx rif;}u;D om;rsm;&J@ q&mvkyyf g0gjyjcif;udv k nf;cH&ao;w,f? ydq k ;kd wmu jrefrm 0ef}u;D csKyfqw kd yhJ *k Kd~ vf&@J vHjk cKH a&;twGuq f +kd y;D abmf'*D 'fawGuvnf; rsufpu D kd aemufaewmbJ? *syeftpd;k &&J@wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfawGa&m/ Edik if jH cm;oHwrefawG ygvm=uygw,f? bmabmf'*D 'frrS &Syd gb;l Asmæ? tJ'v D v dk yk w f mu *syefvrl sK;d awG twGuf &,fp&mjzpfaew,fqw kd mudk ajymcsifygw,fAsmæ 'gqv kd nf; touf&n S af tmif ud, k yf gow l @kd eJ@twla&m+y;D &,fvu dk Af smæ rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
«
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
22
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; (1) *syefrmS aewJh usaemf&h @J rdwaf qGwOD; xHu *sme,fwapmif&vd@k pdw0f ifpm; pGmyJ usaemfzwfjzpfcyhJ gw,f? 2006 ck ESp/f arvrSmxkwaf 0wJh ae&Sief ,f*sm e,f trSwpf Of 2 yJ jzpfygw,f? 'D*sm e,fukd yxrOD;qk;H zwfz;l wmyg? pmay/ tEkynm/ ,Ofaus;r_pwmawG tawmf av;pkw H hJ *sme,fwapmifyjJ zpfygw,f? 'D*sme,fxJrSm tifwmAsL;awGvJ ygw,f? ‘rd;k oD;ZGeef @J pum;ajymjcif;’qdk wJh tifwmAsL;udzk wfrpd OfrmS pOf;pm;p &mawG ay:vmcJyh gw,f? tifwmAsL;udk vkyo f u l udo k &l ed x f uf/ ajz=um;olu udrk ;kd oD;ZGe/f ta=umif;t&mu 2006 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D *syefrmS udrk ;kd oD;ZGef a[majymoGm;wJh t}uKd uq f ;Hk pmtkyef @J r}uKd uw f phJ mtkyt f a=umif;yJjzpfygw,f?
ueDwt d ay:rSm omreft&yfom;wOD; jrifxm;wJh usaemft h jrife@J pifjrifah y:u q&mudkrdk;oD;ZGefjrifwJhtjrifESpfckudk azmfjyjcif;r#omyJjzpfygw,f? (2) udrk ;kd oD;ZGe&f @J avmueDwad y:rSmjrifwhJ tjrifukd zwfaepOfwcsed w f nf;rSmyJ us aemford ;f xm;wJv h ufppJG mtkyaf v;awG udt k rSw&f rdw,f? usaemfv h ufppJG mtkyf awGqw kd m r=umr=umjyefzwfavh&w dS hJ usaemfwefz;kd xm;wJh pmtkyaf v;awGyJ jzpfygw,f? 'DxJrSm&Gmuq&mawmf ausmif;rSmoif,lcJh&wJh q,fapmifwGJ pmtkyaf v;wtkyv f t J ygt0ifjzpfygw,f? tJonfpmtkyaf v;xJrmS y&dw}f u;D (11)okwftjyif tjyifatmifjcif;/ t wGi;f atmifjcif;/ &wema&$csKd i/hf eruUm&/ avmueDwq d ;Hk rpmpaom tajccHoif
avmueDwud akd vhvmjcif; bke;f }uD;ausmif;om; (,lpb D muav)
tifwmAsL;vkyo f el @J ajz=um;olEpS Of ;D pvk;H [m vdw k &kd iS ;f ar;+y;D vk&d if;awGukd ajz=um;xm;wmudu k saemfzwf&ygw,f? &nf&G,fcsufu pmaya[majymyGJudkr wufa&mufEikd cf =hJ uwJh ta0;a&mufpm zwfy&dowfrsm;twGuyf jJ zpfygw,f? ajz=um;olurkd ;kd oD;ZGeu f oljrifwt hJ jrifukd ajymoGm;w,fv@kd usaemfjrifyg w,f? 'guvJ vGwfvyfpGmjrifydkifcGifh/ ajymydik cf iG &hf ydS gw,f? rSm;w,f/ rSew f ,f qdw k mvJ avmueDwed @J tvSr;f ra0;wJh y&dowf}u;D u tuJjzwfaerSmyg? *syef ud k r a&muf b l ; wJ h ta0;uusaemf awmif 'DtifwmAsL;udzk wf&+y;D pOf;pm;p &mawGay:vmao;w,fq&kd if 'Dpmay a[majymyGJrSm ukd,fwdkifwufa&muf em;axmif=uwJh y&dowftaeeJ@ us aemfxufyI kd od&cdS pH m;rd=urSmyg? 'Daqmif;yg;udak &;om;jcif;[m avm
cef;pmrsm;yg0ifaeygw,f? ud&k ifawGe@J ausmif;om;awG[m oifcef;pmrsm;udk wck+y;D wckoif,&l ygw,f? q&mawmf &J@vufaxmufO;D yZif;rsm;u tvSnhf =uoifay;avh&Sdygw,f? usaemfhudk avmueDwed @J pwifrw d q f ufay;cJw h phJ m oifausmif;uawmh usaemfw@kd aus;&Gm ubke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;yifjzpfygw,f? aEG&moDausmif;ydw&f ufawGrmS bm oma&;tajccHpmayeJ@ Ak'p< maytajccH rsm;udo k ifz@kd bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;rSm usaemftjraJ &mufaewwfygw,f? us aemfwifruygb;l / usaemfw@kd e,fom; awGtm;vkH;vdkvdk ±Gmubkef;awmf}uD; ausmif;eJ@ruif;=uygb;l ? usaemfw@kd &J@ bd;k ab;vufxufuwnf;u oif,cl hJ =u&wJh bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ynma&; eJ@ ra0;cJ=h uygb;l ? usaemfw@kd jrefrmjynfom;awG bke;f
awmf}u;D ausmif;ynma&;udk ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmoif,cl =hJ uygw,f? ,ae@tcsed f txdvJ oif,al e=uqJjzpfygw,f? t aemufwikd ;f ynma&;awG jrefrmjynf wGi;f rSm rxGe;f um;rDuwnf;u jrefrm vlxu k kd todtvdrmR ay;cJw h m/ jrefrmy nm&Si}f u;D awGukd arG;xkwaf y;cJw h w hJ uUov kd af wG[m bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif; awGyjJ zpfygw,f? q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfrKSd i;f / a,m rif;}u;D OD;zd;k vdKS i/f pavOD;yknpwJh ynm &Si}f u;D awG ynmoifcw hJ ahJ e&mawG[m bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;awGyg? tu,fI om taemufEikd if u H wuUov kd }f u;D awG vdk t*Fvyd b f momuJo h @kd tifwmae&Sif e,fjzpfwhJ bmompum;&yfwckcek @J om Ak'p< mayudk oif=um;ay;r,fq&kd if us aemfwdk@jrefrmEdkifiHu bkef;awmf}uD; ausmif;ynma&;pepf[mvJ Edik if w H um tqifrh jD zpfrmS aocsmw,f? ydu k q f t H uket f ustenf;qk;H ynma&; pepfwckjzpfygw,f? ,ae@tcsed t f xd wdk;wufjyef@yGm;aewJh jrefrmjynfwGif; rSm wnf&adS e=uwJh pmoifwu kd }f u;D awG [mvJ pm;/ 0wf/ aea&;tm;vk;H udk tv um;ay;+yD; &[ef;ynm&SifawG ynm wwfawGudkarG;xkwfay;aewJh a&S;t us qk;H Ak'w < uUov kd }f u;D awGyg? &Sirf [moDv0Ho/ &Sirf [m&Ïom&/ &SiOf wW rausm/f Aef;armfq&mawmf/ o*FZmq &mawmf/ v,fwq D &mawmf/ refvnf q&mawmf/ q&mawmfO;D OwWr/ q&m awmfO;D 0dpm&/ r[m*E<m±Hq k &mawmfp wJh Edik if aH usm&f [ef;ynm&S}d u;D awGtm; vk;H 'Dausmif;awGuxGucf =hJ uwmygy?J (3) usaemfwdk@tckEdkifiHjcm;rSm ausmif; wufae=uw,f? ynmoifpm;&dwu f aps;}u;D ygw,f? bmoma&;eJ@ywfouf vdk@ oifcsif&ifawmif tvum;r&yg bl;? bmoma&;udo k ifay;wJh oD;oef@ ausmif;awGuvJ odyaf ps;}u;D ygw,f? wuUov kd af wGrmS oifaewJh tjynfjynf qdik &f mbmoma&;ar*smuawmh tjcm; bmom&yfrsm;enf;wl aps;twlwyl gy?J bmynmudrk # tvum;r&ygb;l cifAsm? usaemfajymvdkwmu avmueDwd ta=umif;yg? avmueDwt d a=umif;udk pwifajymqdak e&if;eJ@ =um;0if+y;D bke;f
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
awmf}u;D ausmif;ynma&;pepfukd rjzpfr aeajym&jcif;[m avmueDwdawG&Sif oefaewJh aemufcaH usm±d;k udk oJupJG mG jrifvmatmif wifjyjcif;jzpfygw,f? avmueDwu d kd poif&wJyh xrOD;qk;H ae@rSm usaemfw@kd uav;rsm;&Jq h &m OD; Zif;av;ajymcJw h hJ avmueDwd rdwq f uf pum;awGurkd w S rf ad eygao;w,f? avmuqdw k m ‘b0’vd@k t"dyg` ,&f dS w,f/ eDwdqdkwmuawmh‘vrf;n$ef’/ avmueJ@eDwd yk'fESpfckudkaygif;awmh avmueDwd ‘b0vrf;nGef’vdk@ t"d y`g,&f w,fu@JG ? ‘avmueDw-d b0vrf;nGe’f vd@k wdk wdek @J xdrw d t hJ "dyg` ,u f kd OD;Zif;av;&Si;f jycJh wm usaemfw@kd ausmif;om;av;awGe@J ud&k ifawGO;D a%SmufxrJ mS pGo J mG ;w,f? uav;b0u q&mrdbawGvrf; nGev f @kd oif=um;cJ&h wJh avmueDwo d if cef;pmawGudk udk,fhOm%frjynfh0ao; vd@k av;av;eufeufrouf0ifEikd af omf vJ t=urf;zsif;tm;jzifh usaemfwdk@u av;awG em;vnfc=hJ uygw,f? wu,f vJyJ b0vrf;n$efpmayrsm;omjzpfyg w,f? wOD;wa,mufuckd sKycf s,zf @kd t wif;vdu k ef mzd@k tiftm;ok;H +y;D nGe=f um; xm;wmr&Syd gb;l ? pmaumif;ayaumif; vrf;n$efr_ aumif;awGjzpfvdk@omyJ rdbq&mol awmfaumif;}u;D awGu uav;rsm;t wGuo f ifcef;pmrSm aumif;Ed;k Ed;k &m&mt jzpfe@J oifjyzd@k &nf&, G cf w hJ myg? avmu eDwx d rJ mS ygwhJ qk;H rvrf;!$erf t _ m;vk;H [mvJ rSwo f m;p&mawGyjJ zpfygw,f? 'guvJ usaemfw@kd ay:rSmyJ rlwnfae ygw,f? twif;t=uyfrjzpfraevky&f r,fv@kd rajymxm;ygb;l ? }uKd u&f ifusihf r}uKd u&f ifvrJ usiehf @J ud, k o hf abmygy?J usaemfw@kd awG Ak'b < momudk ouf0if ,kH=unfovdkygyJ? Ak'
23
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 &wmr&So d vdk uwdjyKxm;wmawGvJ r 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 avmuqdw k m ‘b0’vd@k t"dyg` ,&f w dS ,f/ &Syd gb;l ? taESmiftzG@J rsm;&J@[drk mS bufqD 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 udk vGwv f yfpmG oGm;Edik zf @kd twGuf &nf 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 eDwq d w kd mu awmh‘vrf;n$e’f / 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 &G,x f m;wJh ,k=H unfcsu/f OD;wnfcsuf 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 avmueJ@eDwd yk'Ef pS cf u k akd ygi;f awmh avmueDwd rSm tºuif;rJeh mcH&r,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 ‘b0vrf;nGe’f vd@k t"d y`g,&f w,fu@JG ? 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 awGtwGuf tqifajyrSmr[kwb f ;l ? tJ 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 onftqdktqkH;rawG/ vrf;n$efr_awG 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678 [mvJ ,ae@tcsed t f xd jrefrmrSma&m twdyad ,m e umwaAŠm/ urBmrSm wnf&adS wmhrmS r[kwyf gb;l ? csr;f omEdik yf grh vm;? ypPn;f OpPmr&S/d rdwf cavm aumwl[vH ua&m? d o hJ l usaemfoifcb hJ ;l wJt h awG@t=uKaH v; aumif;aqGaumif;r&S/d csr;f omr&Sw od&om 0[rmaemyd/ k v kd jf yKz@kd aum vG,u f l rsm;eJ@ zwfcJhbl;or# avmueDwdt [m aumif;r_uo tÅ yla&m CaËm ,xm? yg r h vm;As m ? aemuf q ; H k tus K ; d quf j z pf a=umif;a&;xm;=uwJh pmtkyaf wG&@J &Si;f ol,w k o f rl u kd u f kd tvGet f uJrcspf csurf sm;t& avmueDwo d ifcef;pmrSm wJh oHo&muxGuf edAmŠ efvrf;qDwuf cifbJ ykrH eS o f abmr#omcspfcifoifw h hJ tcef;(7)cef;yg&w dS ,f? ynm&Siu f ¾/ zd@k &mvJa0;+yaD yg?h ta=umif;udk rjynfah oma&td;k udk OD; (4) olawmfaumif;u¾/ ol,w k rf mu¾/ f t hJ cg abmifbifcwfI ol a wmf a umif ; u¾rS m ygaom acgif;ay:±Guw rdwaf qGu¾/ trsKd ;orD;u¾/ &Sib f k ql n r H r _ sm;ud j k y Kwwf jcif;jzifh Oyrmay; avmueD w d & J @ tqd k t rd e f @ rsm;[mvJ &ifu¾/ taxGaxGu¾rsm;yifjzpf k ygw,f? ynm&Siu f ¾rSmygwhJ ygV*d gxm rSwfom;p&myifjzpfygw,f? tqdyft n$e=f um;xm;jcif;yJjzpfygw,f? 'Dtqdt (uAsm)av;wyk'fudk jrnf;prf;=unfh& awmufjzpfp&m tºuif;rJeh mcHa&;awGr rde@f oabm[m tjyifavmurSmvJ w f #u&f adS eygw,f? ygovdk uyfab;usa&mufp&mvJr&Syd g? u,fyifjzpfysuv atmifAsm? ynmt&nftcsi;f tm;eJ&mS wJo h al wG enf;,lp&m twk,pl &mrsm;eJ@ azmfjy tvo\ ukawm ody/`H [m qif ; &J j c if ; / cs r ; f omj c if ; avmu"H xm;j c if ; j z pf y g w ,f ? ol a wmf a umif ; t tody\ ` ukawm "eH? H t hJ cg odoo d mom v_y&f mS ; cef;rSmyg0ifaom atmufygpum;rsm; awGe@J =uKw t"e\ ukawm rdw/HW f eG ;f vd@k udk avhvm=unfhygu avmueDwd&J@ wwf=uygw,f? 0rf;omaysm&f i$ v trdw\ W ukawm okc?H f 0ifjrifo h mG ;=uwmrsKd ;/ wefz;kd udk jrwfE;kd p&mtjzpfjrifomG ;rSmyg? atmufajcvGwb tokc\ ukawm ykn/H aus;Zl;&So d l av;pm;xdu k o f rl sm;udyk if oABad &0 ormaox/ tykn\ ukawm 0&H? aus;Zl ; uef ; wwf w mrsd K ;awG vJ jzpf oAB d uk a AŠ x oEˆ 0 ? H ynmoifwt hJ &G,rf mS ynmroifbJ wwf=uygw,f? owH o'
Oyrmav;eJ@xif&mS ;atmif ajymxm;yg w,f? Oyrmu ‘cE<mud, k rf mS aygufwhJ tema&m*g[m cE<mud, k rf mS jzpfaomf vJ vluakd umif;usKd ;rjyKbJ cE<mud, k t f jyifbufta0;rSmaewJh opf&u G o f pfjrpf awGu temaysmufapzd@k aq;buf0if w,f/ ud, k t hf wGut f emaysmufjcif;/ csrf;omjcif;tusdK;udk ay;ovdyk ’J wJ?h odyaf umif;wJt h awG;tjrifawGyjJ zpf ygw,f? usaemfwdk@woufvkH; ESvkH; om;rSmaqmifxm;oifah vwJh ynm&Spd um;av;awGygyJ? ypf&ufp&m rsuf uG,jf yKp&mudrk &Sb d ;l Asm? 'Dpum;awGrmS qifjcifww Hk &m;awGtjynfyh gw,f? vlr_ qufqHa&;awGrSm em;vnfr_awG& atmif }uKd wifaqG;aEG;jyxm;w,f? }uKd wifox d m;avawmh wu,fwrf;=uKH vmwJhtcgawGrSm vkyfwwfudkifwwf pdwx f m;wwfawmh tqifajyoGm;wm yJ? waoG; woH wrde@f qdw k mudk 'Dae &mrSm pOf;pm;p&mudrk vdak wmhb;l ? (5) aumudvmeH o'NH ±ly/H em&d±yl H ywdAw Š m? 0dZm… ±lyH t±lyge/H crm ±lyH wy\de?H 'D*gxmav;uawmh trsdK;orD;u ¾rSmygwJh yxrOD;qk;H *gxmav;jzpfyg w,f? O=oiSuw f @kd &J@tvS[m olw@kd wGeu f sL;wJt h oH/ rde;f uav;wd@k &J@tvS [m tdro f m;tay:0,fwm0efausjcif;/ tusnf;wefow l @kd &J@tvS[m ynmt &nftcsif;/ &aoh&[ef;wd@k &J@ tvS[m onf;cHjcif;wJ?h aumif;vdu k w f hJ tawG;tjrift,l tqawGAsm? usaemfuawmh tay:,H avmufyJ tawG;tjrifawG[m aumif; aerSe;f odw,f? avmueDwq d &m&J@ ES vk;H om;uvmwJh tav;eufq;Hk tjrif ukad wmh ynm&Sirf sm;omouf0ifEikd rf mS yg? ynm&Siw f @kd &J@t&momjzpfygw,f? tqif;ta&mifrGJrGJeJ@ rJaewJhO=o av;&J @ tvS u d k toH v d k @ azmf j yxm; w,f? rde;f uav;&J@tvSurkd suEf mS / &if/ wif/ cg;vd@k rjrifbJ tdro f m;tay:rSm t =uifemw&m; wm0ef0wW&m;vd@k jrifjy xm;w,f? tusn;f weft±kyq f ;kd udv k J tm;ay;xm;w,f/ olwdk@tvSu t wwfynm t&nftcsif;ygwJhAsm? ol
24
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; awmfpif&aoh&[ef; rsm;=ujyefawmh ud, k u f siw hf &m;udk xif[yfapwJh onf; cHjcif;w&m;wJ?h trsdK;orD;rsm;&J@ u¾vdk@omqdk w,f trsKd ;orD;awGta=umif;yJ azmfjy wmr[kwyf gb;l ? tjcm;olawGt&mawG ta=umif;vJygaew,f? trsKd ;orD;awG udk wzufowfErdS x f m;wmvJr&Syd gb;l ? 'DacwftaeeJ@ajym&if rde;f uav;awG&@J tcGit hf a&;udk rxdcu kd af pbJ trSeu f ef qk;H tjrife@J jrifjy/ wifjyxm;wmyg? 'Dpum;awGudk pmzwfolavhvm =unfyh g? wzufapmif;eif;eJ@ igwaum aumaewJh tawG;tjrifavoHawG yg rsm;ygaeovm;vdk@? usaemfhtjrifrSm awmh wzufapmif;eif;oabmrsKd ; vk;H 0 r&Syd gb;l ? r#ajcvJ&w dS ,f? b0&J@tvS awGudkvJjrifxm;w,f? O=oav;udk awmif *k%w f ifvu kd af o;w,f? ol@ud*k % k jf ri‡ /hf ud, k *hf % k jf rif. h / ol@ ud*k % k Ef rdS /hf ud, k *hf % k ef rd . hf / ,Gi;f azmuf rvd/k 0efrwdEk iS hq f w kd hJ oabmtwdik ;f yg yJ? avmueDwq d &m[m tvSu, kd pf D udk =unfhjrifokH;oyfazmfjyoGm;wmyg? 'ga=umifv h J eDwad wGxrJ mS avmueDwd [m pHerlemxm;p&mjzpfcw hJ myg? ,ae@ txdvJ bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;ynmoif =um;a&;tcef;u¾rSm ae&m,lxm;qJ jzpfygw,f? trsdK;orD;rsm;u¾+yD;awmh bk&if awG&@J u¾udk qufvufazmfjyxm;yg w,f? wdik ;f jynfwjynfut kd yk cf sKyaf ewJh rif;odk@r[kwf acgif;aqmifawGeJ@ywf oufwt hJ a=umif;t&mawGukd t=ujH yK xm;wmyg? 'Dtcef;u¾av;[mvJ pdw0f ifpm;zd@k aumif;ygw,f? usaemfa±G; cs,x f m;wJh *gxmav;udzk wf=unfyh gO;D cifAsm? rmwm ykww W &H ygy/H od\ygyH *k&k wxm? &mZm &Ïu&H ygy/H &mZygyH yka&m[dawm? raumif;r_ukd om;orD;jyKvkyw f t hJ cg rdbjyKwmeJ@wlw,f? raumif;r_ukd wynfu h jyKvyk w f t hJ cg q&mvkyw f meJ@ wlw,f? jynfoljynfom;awGu r aumif;r_jyKwJhtcg wdkif;jynfacgif; aqmifjyKwmeJ@wlw,f? wdik ;f jynfacgif; aqmifraumif;r_jyKwJt h cg tpd;k &wzG@J
Moe Thauk Kye Journal vk;H (ok@d )tpd;k &udu k , kd pf m;jyKwJh vlxjk yK vkyw f meJ@twlwyl v J @kd qdv k ykd gw,f? usaemfw@kd jrefrmpum;rSm om;orD; raumif;awmhrdbacgif;/ wynfhr aumif;awmhq&mhacgif;/ jynfojl ynf om;raumif;awmh wdkif;jynfacgif; aqmifacgif;/ wdik ;f jynfacgif;aqmifr aumif;awmhEikd if aH cgif;/ jynfov l x l k acgif;qdo k vdyk J jzpfygw,f? 'Dtjrifu usaemfw@kd awG&@J &ifxrJ mS &Sad eyg+y?D usaemfw@kd wawG[m b,frmS yJaeaerdb/ q&morm;/ wdik ;f jynf&@J *k%fudkaqmifzdk@ todpdwf"mwf&Sdwm [m wu,fawmhavmueDwq d &m&J@ aus;Zl;yg? Ak'p< mayuvmwJh ,Ofaus;r_ awG [ m usaemf w d k @ aoG ; xJ r S m ygae w,f?avmueDwrd &l if;pmudk aemufq;Hk azmfjy&r,fu h ¾uawmh taxGaxGt a=umif;yJjzpfygw,f? 'd0g em'dumQ 0wWAmŠ / &awWm t0paee p? oÌ&wd b,m bDawm/ 0ae 0ep&D ,xm? ae@tcgywf0ef;usiu f =kd unf+h y;D rS p um;qdkyg? ntcgar;jref;pDppf+yD;rS p um;qdkyg? Oyrmtm;jzifh awmxJrSm a=umuf±GH@pGmeJ@ vSnfhvnfaewJhrkqdk; [m ta&S@ taemuf awmif ajrmuf av;yg;ud±k p_ m;um awmwGi;f rSm vSnhf vnf&ovdkyJ pum;ajymoifha=umif; t=uaH y;xm;wmyg? ae@ajymaemuf = unh f / najym atmuf=unfq h w kd phJ um;twdik ;f ygy?J t a&;}u;D wJph um;udak jymawmhr,fq&kd if ayguf = um;r_ r jzpf & atmif awmif ajrmufav;yg;udk t&ifavhvm=unf+h y;D awmhrS pdwcf svufcse@J pum;ajymoifh a=umif;udk vrf;n$ex f m;wmyg? twk,l oifah omt&myifjzpfygw,f? (6) avmueDwq d &m&J@ tcef;(7)cef;udk rdwq f uftaeeJ@ *gxmwyk'pf u D x kd w k f E_wu f m usaemfwifjyxm;ygw,f? rdwf qufqdkaomfvJ *gxmwyk'fcsif;pD[m oufqdkif&mtcef;u¾awGtwGuf udk,fpm;jyKum oufa&mufr_vJ t xdu k t f avsmuf&adS eygw,f? a,bk,s tm;jzifh avmueDwu d jkd cKiH I Hk jrifwwf oGm;rSmyg?
avmueDwq d w kd mbmvJ/ avmueD wdqw kd m tqd;k jrif0g'vm;/ taumif; jrif0g'vm;/ obm0trSew f &m;udk jrif wwfw0hJ g'vm;/ tm%m&Siu f kd tm;ay; wJh0g'vm;/ qifjcifwkHw&m;uif;rJhwJh 0g'vm;/ waoG; woH wrde@f pepfvm;/ t=urf;zufr_ rw&m;r_awGukd tm;ay; aewJh0g'vm;/ tºuif;rJhemcHa&;0g' vm;/ tJ'v D m;aygi;f rsm;pGmudk pmzwfy&d owfudk,fwdkifyJajzyg? 'Daqmif;yg;udk zwfovdk udrk ;kd oD;ZGe&f @J tifwmAsL;udv k J jyefzwfyg? rwlnDaomtjrif/ wlnD aomtjrif/ pmzwfo&l @J tjrifopftm; vk;H [m &ifxrJ mS ay:vmrSmyg? tjrifwckudk usaemftjypfrwif vdyk g? 'Daqmif;yg;rSm usaemfazmfjywJh t jrifawG tmabmfawGuawmh usaemfh ±Gmu bke;f awmf}u;D ausmif;rSm usaemf udk,fwdkifoif,lcJhbl;wJh avmueDwd usr;f &J@tqdt k rde@f rsm;/ wenf;tm;jzifh usaemfodaom em;vnfaomtjrif rsm;omjzpfygw,f? (7) usaemf h r S m wck a jymp&m&S d y gao; w,f? tifwmAsL;xJrSm ppftkyfpku avmueDwu d kd jyefvnfyx JG w k w f ,fv@kd ud k r d k ; oD ; ZG e f a jymxm;ygw,f ? jzpf aumif;jzpfrmS yg? avmueDwu d kd r}uKd uf wJhpmtjzpf udkrdk;oD;ZGefy,fvdkufwm [m ppftyk pf u k kd rke;f wD;I qef@usiv f I kd ajymwmvd@k vJ xifv@kd &ygw,f? ppftyk pf u k avmueDww d ifruyg/ r*Fvokwu f v kd J jyefvnfyx JG w k w f myg yJ? usaemfvyJ J ppftyk pf u k kd jyif;jyif;xef xefqef@usio f w l a,mufygy?J ppftyk pf k udk usaemfutjrifuyfwikd ;f / rke;f wdik ;f om 'Dpmaumif;awGudkr}udKufbl;vdk@
usaemftaeeJ@ rajymEdik yf gcifAsm;? ol@t ydik ;f eJ@ol usaemfcjJG rifygw,f? a&mvdu k f r,fq&kd if tm;vk;H ±_yaf xG;oGm;rSmyg? r*F vokw/f avmueDwpd wJh vrf;nGeaf wG [m ppftyk pf rk ay:cifuwnf;u&Sad e ESiyhf g+y?D usaemfw@kd jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_e,f xJrmS ae&m,lxm;+y;D jzpfygw,f? Oyrmtm;jzifph mqdak usmef wf&iS af emif ta=umif;udk 'Dae&mrSmpyf[yfajym&if ydak umif;rSmyg? jrefrmhordik ;f rSm yxrOD; qkH; e,fcsJ@eJ@aygif;+yD; trsdK;om;opPm azmufjzpfcw hJ o hJ [ l m *EW0ifpmqdek wf&iS f aemifyjJ zpfygw,f? Edik if aH &;t& usaemf wd@k tm;vk;H ewf&iS af emifukd trsKd ;om; opPmazmuftjzpfqef@usi&f rSmyg?owf vJowfvu kd =f uvd@k aooGm;cJyh gw,f? 'gayr,fhAsmæ ol@pmawGuawmh ,ae@tcsdeftxd jrefrmpmaye,frSm wcrf;wem;&Sad eygao;w,f? ‘ESarmif; jroGi/f nGe@f =uqifI/ &ifv h #iw f csKd @/ a±$ od@k wydik ;f / yifwikd ;f pko H m/ a0aomcgr’S p wJh ewf&iS af emif&wkawGukd usaemfw@kd b,fvjkd ypf&uf=urSmvJ? pmaumif;ay aumif;awG[m vlraumif;wdik ;f wef zd;k usoGm;w,fv@kd r&Syd gbl;? usaemfw@kd wawG vle@J pm/ tzG@J tpnf;eJ@ywf0ef; usifuckd jJG rifryS J tqifajyrSmyg? avmueDwdrSm udkrdk;oD;ZGefajymo vdk om;orD;usi0hf wf/ rdbusi0hf wf/ q &mwynf h u sif h 0 wf / jynf o l e J @ acgif ; aqmifusi0hf wf pwmawGrygoavmuf ygbJ? usaemfwdk@i,fi,fu Avmpm tkyaf wGaemufausmzk;H rSmygaewJh od*gF avm0g'usifh0wfawGeJ@ a&maeykH&yg w,f? [kwyf gw,f? ‘au|;arG;rysuf/ aqmuf±u G pf rD ef/ arGcx H u kd af p’pwJh v uFmawGu usi0hf wft*Fgtcsut f vuf
avmueDwq d &m[m aemifvmaemufom;awGaumif;usdK;twGuf aumif;uGuu f &kd mS I 'DpmawGuzkd efw;D cJh pkaqmif;cJw h mjzpfv@kd avmueDw&d @J pmvk;H wdik ;f rSm arwWmawGouf0ifaeyg w,fcifAsm;? olomtjrifawGusOf; ajrmif;cJrh ,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd awG 'Dpm awGukd zwfciG hf oifciG &hf rSmr[kwb f ;l ? q&mawmfO;D Ak'u f vJ 'DpmawGukd bmomjyefcrhJ mS r[kwb f ;l As?
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
25
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg; awGjzpfygw,f? tckavmueDwu d awmh tawG;t jrifav;awG b0vrf;nGerf r_ sm;omjzpf ygw,f? q&mrif;ok0%fbmomjyefwhJ "rRy'eJ@wifjyykcH si;f / vrf;nGeyf cHk si;f xyf wlxyfr#ygy?J bk&m;&Siaf [mwJh "rRy'xJ u *gxmav;awGawmif avmueDwD xJrSm awG@ae&ygao;w,f? Oyrm ‘oABad &0 ormaox’qdw k hJ *gxm[m "rRy'xJu bk&m;a[m*gxmyg? odk@ twGuf avmueDw[ d m bk&m;a[m r[kwb f ;l vd@k tm;vk;H udk vk;H axG;ajym vd@k vJr&Edik yf gb;l ? trSeu f awmh avm ueDwq d &m[m tqDtESpaf wGupkd +k y;D b0vrf;!Get f jzpf avmueDwu d kd pDpOf cJjh cif;jzpfygw,f? 'gt h jyif b0udv k rf; nGew f hJ todynmtm;vk;H [m avmu eDwad wGv@kd usaemfjrifygw,f? avmueDwt d a=umif;udk usaemfw@kd +rdK@rSm omoemjyKaewJh jrefrmq&m awmfwyg;udk usaemfar;jref;av#muf xm;=unh f w J h t cgrS m q&mawmf u atmufygtwdik ;f rde@f awmfrcl yhJ gw,f? avmu\-b0./ twˆm,-t usdK;iSg/ uwm-jyKtyfaom/ eDw-d vrf; !Gev f @kd 0pewˆjyK&wJt h a=umif;eJ@ 'DygVd yk'af wG&@J Zpfjrpftaetxm;[m avm u-vkZ"mwf/ %ypPn;f / vkZw … d yvkZ… wDwd avmaum? eD,EWd {awemwd eDw/d avmu\ eDwd avmueDw-d [kjzpfvma=umif;udk pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f iS ;f jyygw,f? ygVpd may/ o'Ngut kd ajccHxm; wJh b0oifcef;pmrsm;jzpfv@kd ygVb d mom udw k wfajrmufaombke;f bke;f rsm;u t jynft h pkyH ekd m;vnfygw,f? usaemfw@kd awGvkd tay:,Havmufow d mr[kwf bJ av;av;eufeufo=d uwmyg? b0vrf;n$eaf y;wJh ynmtm;vk;H udk oG,0f u kd af omenf;jzifh avmueDwv d @kd ac:qdkEdkifa=umif; bkef;bkef;u quf vufI&Si;f jyygw,f? 'gt h jyif avmueD wdrmS jA[Rm0h [ d m& w&m;awmfawGvJ ouf0ifaea=umif;udk a[majym&Sif;jy ay;wJt h wGuf avmueDw&d @J aus;Zl;udk ydI k odjrifciG &hf cJyh gw,f? (8) Ak'u < a[mw,f/ apwemaumif;&if uHaumif;w,fwJh? q&maZmf*sDuvJ ajymw,f / apwemaumif ; &if p m
Moe Thauk Kye Journal aumif;w,f? pma&;w,fqw kd m apw emudak &;jywmyJw?hJ rSeaf ompum;awG ygy?J usaemfw@kd awG vlwvk;H olwvk;H jzpfaewmawG[mvJ rdbawG apwem aumif;aumif;eJ@ jyKpyk sKd ;axmmifcv hJ @kd yg? ok@d r[kw&f if usaemfw@kd awG t!Ge@f usKd ; oGm;rSmaygAh sm? wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyw f o hJ v l J vlxt k ay:rSmapwemaumif;&if tJ'D wdik ;f jynf[m wd;k wufatmifjrifwmyJ? t&m&mwdkif;rSm pdwfaumif;apwem aumif;[m ta&;}u;D w,fv@kd usaemf jrifygw,f? avmueDwdudkzefwD;cJhwJh q&m[mvJ usaemfwdk@awGtay:rSm apwemtvGeaf umif;&Smygw,f? apw emaumif;aumif;eJ@ usKd ;pm;tm;xkwcf hJ vdk@vJ usaemfwdk@awG avmueDwdudk oif,cl iG hf em;vnfciG &hf =uwmyg? olap wemaumif;awmh ola±G;jc,fwifjywJh pmawGu odyaf umif;aewmaygAh sm? arwWmvJygwmyJ? arwWm&J@oabm u tjrifus,w f o hJ abm/ cspcf ifra_ wG ouf0ifwo hJ abmyg? wrsKd ;tm;jzifv h J ‘aumif;uGuu f &kd mS arwWm’qdw k t hJ wdik ;f cspfcifr_arwWmawGjzpfzdk@ +idrf;csrf;zdk@t wGuf usaemfw@kd awG wpkw H ckay:rSm w OD;wa,mufay:rSm aumif;uGuu f &kd mS & ygw,f? qd;k uGuu f &kd mS &ifawmh arwWm tpm; a'goawGom0ifvmrSmyg? odk@ a=umifh wOD;udw k OD; cGiv hf iG ehf m;vnft jrifus,w f o hJ abm/ aumif;uGuu f jkd rif wwfwo hJ abm[mjzLpifaomarwWmyg? avmueDwdq&m[m aemifvm aemuf o m;awG a umif ; usd K ;twG u f aumif;uGuu f &kd mS I 'DpmawGuzkd efw;D cJh pkaqmif;cJw h mjzpfv@kd avmueDw&d @J pmvk;H wdik ;f rSm arwWmawGouf0ifaeyg w,fcifAsm;? olomtjrifawGusOf;
ajrmif;cJrh ,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd awG 'Dpm awGukd zwfciG o hf ifciG &hf rSmr[kwb f ;l ? q &mawmfO;D Ak'u f vJ 'DpmawGukd bmom jyefcrhJ mS r[kwb f ;l As? arwWmygawmh oem;=uifemr_/ u±k %mvJwv JG #ufygyJ? aemufwcku rk'd wm/ ud, k x hf ufomolujkdrif&if 0rf;om &wJo h abmayghAsm? trSeu f 0efwrkd u _ kd xde;f csKyw f o hJ abmyg? trsm;tm;jzifu h ud, k x hf ufomolujkd rif&if remvd0k efwkd =uwmrsm;avawmh 0efwrkd a_ wGe@J &if xJrSmraysmfEdkif=ubl;? wzufom;&J@ atmifjrifru _ kd xyfwx l yfr#0rf; ajrmuf Edik &f if rk'w d mouf0ifwmyJ? avmueD wdpmawGrmS wOD;OD;udk remvkw d m 0ef wdw k m bmr#udrk &Syd g? ratmifjrifao; olawGatmifjrifatmif/ +y;D awmh ydv k @kd atmifjrifatmif vlom;b0udv k rf; nGefxm;vdkufykHrsm; av;pm;p&mudk aumif;ygw,fAsm? aemufq;Hk wckuOayuQm? cs;D rGr;f r_e@J uJ&h rJh /_ a0zefra_ wGukd cHEikd &f nf&zdS @kd ygy?J csD ; rG r f ; onf j zpf a p uJ h & J @ vmonf y J jzpfap/ ESv;Hk om;urcH,b l /J cHpm;r_vrJ &Sb d /J tjyifrmS yJxm;Edik af tmifusK;d pm;&if OayuQm&J@oabmawG ouf0ifaewm yJ? b0rSmaewwfz@kd twGuf OayuQmqdk wm vkt d yfwt hJ &myJ? avmueDwu d b0vrf;!Geaf wG[m aewwfz@kd twGuf t=ujH yKxm;wmawG ygy?J txufrmS usaemfazmf!eG ;f cJw h hJ ‘t wdyad ,m e umwaAŠm’qdw k phJ um;awG [m OayuQmjyKwwf/ aewwfatmif vrf;jyxm;wmyg? avmueDwrd mS ar wWm/ u±k%m/ rk'w d m/ OayuQmqdw k hJ jA [Rm0h [ d m&w&m;awmfawGjynfEh u S I f ae yg+y?D avmueDwv d rf;pOf[m jA[Rm0h d
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
[m&vrf;pOfe@J rxl;rjcm;em;ygbAJ sm? ud k r d k ; oD ; ZG e f u avmueD w d u d k r }udKufayr,fh jA[Rmh0d[m&vrf;pOfudk awmh}uKd uaf =umif; tifwmAsL;&J@ tqk;H em;rS m ajzxm;w,f ? wu,f a wmh avmueDwdxJrSm jA[Rmh0d[m&w&m; awGyg0ifaew,fqw kd mukd arhaew,f xifygw,f? avmueDwd&J@*gxmawG tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm bk&m;a[mxm; wmawG yg0ifaew,fqw kd mudv k J owd xm;rd[efrwlygb;l ? olvaJ vavmuD om;ayrd@k wcgwavarhwmyJ jzpfrmS yg? avmueDwu d akd vhvmjcif;udpP 'DrmS yJed*kH;csKyfyghr,f? 'gawGtm;vkH;[m avmueDwt d ay:rSm usaemfojd rifxm; aom tjrif r sm;omjzpf y gw,f ? 'D aqmif;yg;[m udrk ;kd oD;ZGe&f @J tifwmAsL; rSmajymwJt h jrifrsm;udk ta=umif;jyK+y;D xGuaf y:vmwmyg? od@k twGuf udrk ;kd oD; ZGeu f kd txl;yJaus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm;? usaemfem;rvnfaom tcsuft vufrsm;udk &Si;f jyay;jcif;/ ygVpd mrsm;udk jrefrmjyefay;jcif;/ oufqikd &f m usr;f pm rsm;udk nGe=f um;jyoay;jcif;jzifh ulnD ay;&Smaom q&mawmf(bmuav) tm; txl;aus;Zl;wifyga=umif; av; pm;pGmjzifh azmfjytyfygw,f? ud;k um;aom pmrsm; -q,fapmifwGJ(bkef;}uD;ausmif;okH;)/ -ud, k u f sit hf bd"rRm(r[m*E<m±kq H &mawmf) -v,fw'D yD eDaygi;f csKy(f v,fwq D &mawmf)/ -ygVjd refrmtbd"mef(OD;[kwpf ed )f -ewf&iS af emif&wkaygi;f csKyf Peerless Benefactor of Humanity(U Shwe Aung)
- Pali-English
Dictionary(William Stede) Buddhism and Society(Spiro)
26
Moe Thauk Kye Journal tifwmeufowif;rsm;
NLDudrk w&m;toif;a-unmEdik af -umif;etzajymqdk awG@qHak qG;aEG;a&;/ trsKd ;om;&if=um;apha&;awGvyk zf @kd awmif;qdak ewJh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyef @J awG@qHak qG;aEG;a&;rvkyb f ;l vd@k {+yD 26 &ufae@/ &Sr;f jynf e,f/ usKd i;f wHrk mS rl;,pfaq;zsuq f ;D wJt h crf;tem;eJ@twljyKvyk w f hJ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ mS etzjyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D u ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f? 'ghtjyif etztaeeJ@ ‘trsKd;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf[m t=urf;zuftzG@J t pnf;awGe@J jynfytwdu k t f cHtzG@J tpnf;awGe@J qufo, G rf &_ w dS ,fqw kd hJ t axmuftxm;awG jynfjh ynfph pkH &kH adS =umif;/ tJ'ga=umifh tzG@J csKyfuzkd suford ;f ypfz@kd cdik v f w kH t hJ axmuftxm;awG&adS =umif;’‚u qufvufajymqdck yhJ gw,f? ‘tJ'v D t kd axmuftxm;awG&adS yr,fh aoaocsmcsmpOf;pm;+y;D tzG@J csKyfukd qufvuf&yfwnfEikd zf @kd oabmxm;}u;D pGmeJ@qH;k jzwfxm;a=umif;/ tzG@J csKyf[m jynfov l x l &k @J axmufcrH u _ kd r&awmha=umif;/ jynfou l u kd , kd pf m;jyKjcif;r&Sad wmh a=umif;/ 90 a&G;aumufyrJG mS trwfae&m 485 OD;&Sw d t hJ euf tzG@J csKyfu 392 OD; a&G;cs,fc&H ayr,fv h nf; tcktcg 87 OD;om usef&adS wmha=umif;’ qufvuf ajym=um;oGm;ovdk 59 ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@uxkwjf yefwhJ tzG@J csKyf&@J a=u jimcsufuykd ,fcsvdu k +f y;D tJ'aD =ujimcsuf[m tzG@J csKyftaeeJ@ olw@kd &J@tusdK;pD; yGm;udak &S;±_whJ pdwu f ;l ,Ofrw _ ckv@kd a0zefomG ;ygw,f? aemuf+y;D 'Dru kd a&pDvv kd m;w,fq&kd if jynfyq&m}u;D awG ydwq f @kd ta&;,l xm;wm ±kyo f rd ;f ay;zd@k twGuf tzG@J csKyftaeeJ@awmif;qdo k ifw h ,fv@kd vnf; t qdyk gjyef=um;a&;0ef}u;D qdo k u l qufvufajymqdo k mG ;ygw,f? etz&J@rw&m;pGypf aJG jymqdrk t _ ay: jynfwiG ;f teft,f't D zJ@G csKyu f tajctjrpf r&Sw d t hJ wGuf vufrcHco hJ vdk ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrif;udEk ikd u f vnf; wdik ;f jynf ajymif;vJ&ef vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_w&yfazmfaqmifzdk@twGuf tiftm;&Sdzdk@ta&;}uD; a=umif; ajymqdck yhJ gw,f? (bm;rm;wla';ESi'hf AD b GD rD S ud;k um;azmfjyygonf)
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
Moe Thauk Kye Journal
27
tifwmeufowif; wGiv f nf; “trsL;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKy&f @J tjyKoabmaqmifwhJ vky&f yftay:rSm etztaeeJ@ rSerf eS u f efuefwek @f jyefomG ;zk@d vkw d ,f? 'Da=unmcsurf mS ygwhJ axmuf jyxm;wJh wkid ;f jynftajctaeawG[m wu,ft h rSeaf wGb?J rSerf eS u f efuef rwH@k jyefbJ ZGwt f wif; wif;cHaer,fq&dk ifawmh usaemfw@dk wkid ;f jynf&@J tajctae[m ONA27/ {+y/D 2006 tqk;d ±Gm;qH;k tqifah &mufomG ;+y;D rvkv d m;tyfwhJ jy\emaygi;f pHk taxGaxGt jrefrmEdik if v H ;k H qdik &f mausmif;om; =uyftwnf;awG &ifqidk &f rSmbJ? 'ga=umihf jynfwiG ;f jynfy'Dru dk a&pDvv dk m;ol rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D (ru'w) tm;vH;k taeeJ@ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csLyf&@J trsL;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;}uKd ; . owWrt}udrfnDvmcHouf yrf;r_tay:rSm 0kid ;f 0ef;axmufcaH y;&rSmjzpfovkd etzppfacgi;f aqmifawGuv dk nf; wrf;/ 'kw, d t}urd Af [dak umfrwD enf;aygi;f pHek @J wku d w f eG ;f zdtm;ay;oGm;=uvdrv hf @dk xifygw,fæ” [k ajymqkcd o hJ nf? tpnf;ta0;udk 2006 ckEpS /f {+yD tqdyk gtpnf;ta0;wGif vuf&jdS zpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom Edik if aH &;tajctae 21 &ufae@rS 25 &ufae@txd rsm;ESit hf nD vlxEk iS v fh ufwI JG a&S@qufaqmif&u G rf nfh a&S@vkyif ef;pOfrsm;tm; xkid ;f -jrefrme,fpyfwae&mY usi;f yjyKvyk cf o hJ nf? qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S cf ahJ =umif; owif;&&So d nf? xkt d pnf;ta0;. qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;ESiyfh wfowfI etzESihf typftcwf&yfp+J y;D jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qkid &f mausmif;om;rsm;'Dru dk &ufwpfwyfO;D (ru'w)tm; 1988 +ird ;f csr;f a&;,lxm;onhf wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;ESifh etzwk@d ckEpS w f iG f etzppftyk pf rk S tm%modr;f t+y;D e,fpyfo@dk xGucf mG vmcJo h nfah usmif; t=um; qufqaH &;tajctaetay: ru'w.oabmxm;tm; tk;d a0owif; om;rsm;rS 1988 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (1) &ufae@wGif xkid ;f - jrefrme,fpyff autJe, f l at*sipf rD S qufo, G af r;jref;&mwGif ru'wOuUX &JabmfocH rJ S “wkid ;f &if;om; e,fajrwGif pwifz@JG pnf;cJo h nf? (td;k a0owif;at*sipf )D vufeufuidk t f zG@J tpnf;awG&@J typftcwf&yfpjJ cif;&J@ rlv&nf±, G cf sufu Ekid if H a&;jy\emukd Ekid if aH &;enf;eJ@ajz±Si;f zk@d / typftcwf&yfpaJ &;vkt d yfw,fv@dk ,lq cJ=h uw,f? tckawmh wu,fjzpfaewmu jrefrmjynf&@J yuwdjy\em[m pum;vnf;rajym&/ Ekid if aH &;jy\emawGudk ajz±Si;f cGirhf &bJ twif;vufeuf jzKwfcaH e&awmh tajctaeu rwk;d wufbJ aemufjyefqw k af eovkjd zpfae+y?D typftcwfr&yfpcJ ifu±Scd w hJ hJ Ekid if aH &;tqift h wef;ukad wmif xdr;f xm;Ekid b f @dk qkd wm tckvydk pkH aH wGe@J awmh tawmfuav; jyefvyk , f =l u&rvkjd zpfaew,f? tckcsed f rSm etz ppfacgif;aqmifawG&@J zdEydS rf a_ wGw;kd vkyaf ewmukb d J awG@&w,f? Ekid if H a&;jy\emawGudk Ekid if aH &;enf;eJ@ +ird ;f +ird ;f csrf;csrf;ajz±Si;f rJh t&dyt f ajcvH;k 0rjrif bl;? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfw@fdk ru'wtygt0if 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkawGtm; vH;k u jyifqifr±_ ±dS edS @J qufvufwu dk yf 0JG ifb@dk bJ±w dS ,f” [k ajymqkcd o hJ nf? wqufwnf;yif azazmf0g&v D 12 &ufae@wGix f w k jf yefonfh xkwjf yefa=unm csuEf iS fh {+yv D 20 &ufae@wGif tqkyd gxw k jf yefa=unmcsut f ay: xyfqifx h w k f jyefonfh tJet f ,fv'f . D oabmxm;ESiyfh wfoufI &JabmfocH t J m;ar;jref;&m
xkdif;=jrefrme,fpyfY ru'wA [dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; jyKvkyf vuf±SdEkdifiHa&;jy\emrsm;tm; csrSwfaqG;aEG;
jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;tm;vH;k ±$iv f ef;csrf;ajryh gapæ M
Y
ESif;qDrdom;pkpwdk;
Rose Family Store (Whole Sole&Retial)
D
ROSE FIMILY Rozen Fish toifch sujf yKwpf m;oH;k Edik af omig;rsK;d pHu k kd jrefrmjynfrw S u kd ±f u kd rf mS ,lI *syefwEdik if v H ;kH od@k aps;E_e;f oufompGmjzef@jzL;ygonf?
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 62 min
ud, k w f ikd rf vmEdik o f rl sm;xHrS rSm,laomukeyf pPn;f rsm;udk Takyubinjzifh tjrefydk@ay;ygonf?
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 22 min
Rose Family Web SidewGif
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 45 min
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 71 min jrefrmjynfEiS hf tjcm;Edik if rH sm;rS vlo;kH ukeEf iS hf tpm;taomuftrsKd;rsKd;udk aps;E+e;f oufompGm vufvvD ufum;&Edik yf g_yD
jrefrmjynfo‹kd Free Call 15 min ESif;qDrdom;pkrSxkwfvkyfaom Prepaid Cardrsm;onf tm&SEdkifiHrsm;? Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;ESifh taemufEdkifiHrsm;odkY tcsdef&Snf? toHMunfvifpGm qufEdkifygonf/ tjcm;jrefrmpwdk;qdkifrsm;wGifvnf; 0,f,lEdkifNyD;? wqifhjzefYjzL;vdkaomudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tvdk&Sdonf?
ROSE FAMILY STORE
=unh±f I _ rSm,lEikd yf gonf? Tel:03-5338-4391 Fax:03-5338-4392 Open Hours 7 days 10:30-00:30 Home Page-http://www.rosefamily.co.jp #203 Initial Annex Bldg 2-10-8 [email protected] Hyakunincho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, T 169-0073 rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/
*syefa&muf pmay0goemygol/ pmzwfcsio f rl sm;twGuf
pm=unfw h u kd zf iG &hf uf? ? pae/ we*FaEG/ wevFmESihf ±H;k ydw&f uf pm=unfw h u kd zf iG chf sed f? ? ae@v,f 12;00 em&DrS n 10;00 xd pm=unfw h u kd zf ek ;f eHygwf? ? 03 3364 5163 rSwfcsuf? ? rvmcif zke;f óuqufyg 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d rGeyf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG) 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d pkpak ygi;f 66500(ajcmufaomif;ajcmufaxmifih g;&m,ef;wdw)d KD Aung Kham
jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D od@k axmufyv Hh LS wef;=uolrsm;(2006/ rwfv) rd;k aomuf=u,frS aumufcaH y;aiG Anm;b±kid , f efuif; 10000(waomif;,ef;wdw)d armifoef@ 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d armifat;pd;k 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udzk ek ;f jrifo h ed ;f šrwifE, G 0f if; 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udo k ef;0if; 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udpk ;dk 0if;atmif 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udrk sK;d rif;atmif 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d Adv k af omif;(c)ode;f atmif 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udak Zmf}u;D 2500(ESpaf xmifih g;&m,ef;) rcifrsK;d rsK;d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d rrlrcl if/ udak ZmfaZmfatmif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udrk ;kd ndK 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d ol&vSausmf 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udrk sK;d atmif 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif;rSaumufcaH y;aiG rZifrmvGif 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d qef;vGif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif; 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udrk eG yf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG)rSaumufcaH y;aiG 0if;vGif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d Tu Mai 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d Shwe Aung Mai 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d
etzppftyk pf .k ,kwrf m&ufpufrt_ ay: touf/ aoG;/ ac|;ay;qyfum ,ae‹xufwikd f tzdEydS cf jH ynforl sm;twGuf ±Gyf±Gyfc|Hc|H &ifqdkifwdkufyJG0ifaeonfh cGyfa'gif;&Jabmfrsm;twGuf oifth ultnDvnf; wwyfwtm;vdk tyfaeygonf? jrefrmEdik fiv H ;kH qdik f&mausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD;(ru'w)odk‹ aiGa=u;vSLwef;ay;ydk@vdkyguudx k eG ;f xGe;f (090 4814 1089)/ udak omif;vdi_ (f 080 6549 8442) udn k n D v D iG (f 090 3472 7858)/ udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed (f 090 4128 4725) udak Zmfr;kd (080 6552 7444)/ udak tmifrif;(090 4135 3706) udak rmifoef@(090 6141 3925)xHo@kd qufo, G I f ay;yd@k Edik yf gonf?
In cooperation with the Refugee Assistance Headquarters
Related Documents
Mtk Vol3 No5
December 2019 12
Mtk Vol2 No5
December 2019 25
Mtk Vol6 No5
May 2020 14
Mtk Vol3 No7
December 2019 26
Mtk Vol3 No11
December 2019 30
Mtk Vol3 No4
December 2019 17More Documents from "ThanHtut"
Mtk Vol3 No7
December 2019 26
Mtk Vol4 No1
December 2019 28
15565817 Towards A Decisive Battle
May 2020 22
Mtk Vol2 No8
December 2019 29
Mtk Vol3 No11
December 2019 30