Mtk Vol3 No3

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

2

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wifrkd; 20/ 2/ 2006

rd;k aomuf=u,fpmzwfy&dwo f wfrsm;od@k q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f . ESpf 130 jynfh txdr;f trSwt f jzifh txl;xkwyf pkH o H abmrsK;d xkwaf 0vdu k yf gojzifh vpOfyrkH eS af zmfjyae=ujzpfaom ‘orm;oef;aemif’. ‘use;f rma&;aqmif; yg;’/ q&marmifpif=u,f. ‘rme,fyavmc&D;onf/ tqef;qufu, kd af wG@aqmif;yg;’rsm; tyg t0if tifwmeufowif;rsm;udv k nf; tjynfrh 0razmfjyEdik o f nft h wGuf tEl;t!Gwaf wmif;yefyg a=umif;ESihf a&Sv › wGif yHrk eS t f wdik ;f jyefvnfazmfjyoGm;rSmjzpf+y;D jrefrmjynfwiG f aiGrifow k u f m qifqmjzwfjcif;cHxm;&onhf q&marmifom&ay;yd@k cs;D jri‡ x hf m;aom ‘acG;ywfvnf0ikd ;f &Hvsuf&dS aom’ 0wˆw@kd ESit hf wl q&m0if;azay;yd@k cs;D jri‡ x hf m;aom 0wˆKwrkd sm;/ q&mudo k ufay;yd@k cs;D jri‡ x hf m; aom ‘q&mwifr;kd axmifwiG ;f tawG@tñu’H / ‘q&marmifprG ;f &nf’ay;yd@k cs;D jri‡ x hf m;onfh ‘ygarmuQ a'guw f mqvdik ;f xGe;f oef;’ponfw@kd udk tpDtpOfwus azmfjyay;oGm;rnfjzpfyg a=umif;? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

wifr;kd (tar&du) armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs) armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du) wm0efcHt,f'Dwm rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm; rsufESmzHk;'DZdki ;f apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) yef;csDo±kya f zmf aX;opf/ armifatmifvD yHE k y dS f BDA Group

jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&m}uD;ocifu, kd af wmfri+d ;f 130 jynft h xdr;f trSwf

q&m}uD;r+id f;&J‹ pmayt&dyf-oZm (1) “r_id ;f [Jah emfæ wkid ;f eJ@jynfausmfz@dk ajzraemf tzufzufu prf;=uygawmh rajyaomf woufEpS w f rf;ygyJæ” wJ?h q&mr_id ;f &J@pdeaf c:oH/ Akv d af wmif;oH yg? tvGet f m;&zG,af umif;vSwt hJ oH? um&efuvJukd,fwGif;jynfh/ 'Dvkd vufraxmif+yD; &ifaumhvkdufwJht wGuf q&m}u;D r_id ;f &J@pmayÁa¹EN ysurf oGm;wJt h jyif tm;&yg;&vufcyk w f ;D +y;D tm;ay;csipf w d af wmifaygurf yd g &J@? wzufom;evefrxlEidk af tmif tvHwvlvl v$iv hf u dk w f hJ Zmwdrmefv@dk yJqcdk siyf gw,f? “rif;wk@d Om%ftjrif wrku d w f xGmr#&,fe@J jiif;zk@d oefv#if rku d &f musayvdr”hf wJ?h pum;vk;H wkid ;f t"dym` ,fyg+y;D ajymifajrmufwt hJ jyif q&m}u;D &J@ um&efeaboH uvJ pdeaf A'gv h ufoH pdepf ed v f efaeatmif aumif;vGe;f vSv@dk t&om&Sv d @dk rqk;H / =um;&olwidk ;f wjyKH ;jyKH ;? q&m}u;D &J@ }u;D rm;vSwu hJ AsmOm%fu um&efa&wHceG rf sm; woGio f iG pf ;D usvmykrH sm;rSm aomufo;Hk cyf,v l @dk r0Ekid af tmifºu,fvcS sn?hf (2) tjcm;jcm;aom pmqk}d u;D awG&@J r[mav;csK;d }u;D wcsK@d ukd zwfz;l /=umemzl;yg&@J / um&efrEkid w f t hJ wGuf rxda&mufv?S 'ga=umifh q&m}u;D &J@J ref}u;D ±Guo f yf eab xyfrsm;vkd av#mueJav#mueJr&? a0gueJa0gueJruswt hJ wGuf yGrJ us? q&m }u;D u ol@yifu, dk Of m%fu}u;D rm;vSwt hJ wGuf wriftm;xkwrf rl jyK&/ ol@tvkv d dk pD;qif;vmwJh um&efrsm;rSm tH=h ozG,yf ifaumif;vSygayh/ olrwlwrlx;l wJh uAsm 0dZm… "k&d w f yg;ygwum;? (3) q&m}u;D &J@av;csK;d }u;D awGzwf+y;D yDwpd w d , f zdk w d u f m q&m}u;D &J@eabxyfrsm; ukd aemufaESmif;pmqkw d @dk u wkya&;om;pDu;Hk cJ=h uzl;ygw,f? q&m}u;D uk, d OS +f yKd if jcif;r[kw/f tm;usjcif;/ q&m}u;D &J@pHudk twkc;dk vkjd cif;/ =unf!jdk cif;pdwjf zifh prf; oyf=unf=h ujcif;r#om jzpfygw,f? usaemfw@dk wacwfrmS vli,fuAsmq&mrsm;u q&m}u;D &J@vuf&mrsK;d ukd vuf zsm;eJ@r# rwk@d &JayrJh vli,f*w D pmqkw d OD;uawmh q&m}u;D &J@ eabxyftoGm;awG ukd }uKd ;pm;yrf;pm; twk,al &;zG@J zl;wmukd owd&rdygw,f? oluawmh ol@rle@J ol

ausm=f um;xif&mS ;cJw h hJ *Dwpmqk/d ±ky&f iS rf if;om; ‘tu,f'rDjrwfav;’ jzpfygw,f? jrwfav;u q&m}u;D ukv d nf; av;pm;jrwfE;dk / q&m}u;D &J@ pmaytarGtESpu f v dk J tarGc, H cl si/f q&m}u;D &J@+ird ;f csr;f a&;vrf;pOfuv dk nf; ESpEf pS u f mum axmufccH o hJ l jzpfavawmh ol@aw;uAsmawGtay:rSm q&m}u;D &J@ pmayt&dyaf wG vGr;f rk;d aewm qef;w,fv@dk rqkw d mygb;l ? (4) ukjd rwfav;&J@ aw;oDcsi;f awGu tawG;tac:vJqef;opf/ ta&;tom;uvJ wpcef;vSp+f y;D vrf;opfxiG cf yhJ u Hk av;awG waphwapmif;=unf&h atmifæ? ‘rcifEiS ;f qD’oDcsi;f rSm“ocg&F ukæ d tpOfxm0&rSwaf wmh oiftemw&jzpfrnf” wJ?h “tuQ&mocsFmenf;eJ@ wGufcsuf=unhfawmhvnf; rufp&mrjrifygonfæ tJæ'gyæ J tajzuG@J ESi;f qDæb0ed,mrxJo@dk b0ifemeJ@qif;+y”D wJ?h ‘yifvx Hk yd Of ;D ’rSm“vl@avmu [efyefta&;eJ@ ysr;f r#a=u;tajzæ Oa&myqefqefawG;wJh ±Sr;f r av;a&” wJ?h ‘ujym;rav; *k, d m&rf’rSm “tvSz&k m;rav; vk&d mzufv&dk mzefæujym;rav; !kjd ymnuf*, dk m&rf” wJh ‘r*Fvm'ku H vufcyk o f rH sm;’ oDcsi;f rSm“b0ifrmS wkepf &mh pufvy_ yf su H pm; r*Fvm'ku H vufcyk o f rH sm;ænD” wJ?h ‘w-u-o aiG&wkobif’ oDcsi;f rSm“aiGc±kviG v f iG æ f jynf+crd ;f rJh xufA[kd aomif;c&D;wGiæ f aiG&wkobif jrnf [de;f v#uf wuUov dk af usmif;}u;D wGi”f wJ?h ‘armif;ruef auoDO;D ’ oDcsi;f rSm “xde0f u S pf um;wGif toufygae ork@d pdwrf mS pdwrf mS ol@ta=umif;±G,æ f tdyrf ufrsm;yif rufygapvk@d }uw d u f m rSw d u f m qkawmif;w,fæ/ ta=umif;uHajy rnf txl;±G,f apmif;oHac|ocD ;l w,fæ armif;ruefau oDO;D &,fæ” wJ?h ukjd rwfav;&J@ eabt&omuav;rsm;ukv d J wrsK;d wzkH cHpm;=unfah p csiyf gw,f? usaemfEh v S ;Hk om;xJu eabxyfuawmhæ

“aumif;usKd;taxGaxG&,fe@J c|efapjrapapm a'gi;f tk;d a0&,fv@dk wGeaf p uapaom” ygcifAsm;?

wifr;dk (11/ azaz:0g&/D 2006) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal q&m}uD;ocifu, kd af wmfri+d ;f 130 jynft h xdr;f trSwf

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'Dtrd u f dk olw@dk aiGpak ygi;f +y;D awmhawmif rtrf;Ekid b f ;l ? tJ'g olw@dk t =uyftwnf;yJ? 'guo dk wd&+y;D *syefa&mufrsK;d cspyf *k K~ v d af v;ukd usaemfuowif;ay;vku d af wmh ol@crsmvnf; usaemfah omuawGu;l +y;D pdwaf omuawG jzpfomG ;&&Smw,f? “q&ma&æ usaemfw@dk *syefa&muf tku d w f ;dk ya*;pH rsKd;cspfy*k K~ v d af v;awGu olw@dk uk, d w f idk f tdraf umif;aumif; r&S=d uayr,fh tbk;d r_id ;f &J@tdru f adk wmh touf eJ@vJ&rvm;qkw d hJ vlpm;awGygæ”vk@d usaemftm;wufatmif ajymjy&Smygw,f? “q&mryle@J æ/ usaemfw@dk }uKd ;pm;r,fæ”vk@d vJ uwdjyK&mS ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; tar&duefa&mufpqkad wmh b,fvv dk yk +f y;D tvSLcH&rSe;f rodb;l ? wa,mufwq,fq&dk ifyJ vlw&mavmuftvSLcHr&d if tawmftm;&Srd mS yJ? usaemfu h v dk rS ;f +y;D tm;ay;&Sm wJh *syefu auwDqefw@dk eJ@wuG ol@jrefrmrdwaf qGawG/ *syefrw d af qGawG usaemfph mukzd wfr+d y;D 0kid ;f 0ef;ulnED idk =f uatmif 'Daqmif;yg;ukd csucf si;f x+y;D yk@d vku d &f ygw,f? wzufpmrsufEmS od@k « rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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q&m}uD;ocifu, kd af wmfri+d ;f 130 jynft h xdr;f trSwf

aemifw

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2006 'Drdka±$ref;rSm 02 +ird ;f csr;f yef;eJ@ 22 pdr;f vef;pdak jywifv h @kd vl@tcGit hf a&; tjynft h 0awG taphtiS a0r#cpH m;&wJh pHpm;&rJh Edik if aH wmfopf wnfaqmufrmS rd@k axmufumrjywfy yÀjyKaomf armifprG ;f &nf (q&marmifprG ;f &nfxrH S q&m}u;D ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f txdr;f trSwt f wGuf ‘rdi_ ;f uAsKya'o’pmrlay;yd@k cs;D jri‡ hf a&muf&mt&yfu om{kac:yg tb rdi_ ;f q&m? ? aomvnf; tcsderf rSv D u kd o f nft h wGuf ,cifay;yd@k xm;aom pmrluo kd m jyefvnfazmfjyvdu k yf gonf)

jrefrmrdwaf qGrsm;cifAsm;æ/ *syef&dS wk, d w dk mazmifa';&Si;f u a':td0g(ac:) tr}u;D td0g;rkw d /dk tkq d m;um; wuUokdvfu ESri,frDeefrD'g(ac: )ryef;cuf/ tdkEkwdk;±k/ ,nbl;&Sd±kd/ rpENm/ rqm;rd(ac:)[m'gwmpwJh *syefrw d af qGrsm;ukv d nf; jrefrmjynfudk 'DEpS t f wGi;f tvnfomG ;&if armifprG ;f &nfe@J awG@&rSmr[kwaf o;bl;? tar&duefjynfaxmifpu k v dk m&ifawmh yefwsmausmif;tky}f u;D a[mif;/ pma&; q&m/ yef;csq D &m/ tqkad wmfO;D 0if;azukd ar;jref;pkpH rf;ygv@dk usKw d w dk uUov kd /f Ekd b,fvq f &k iS f a':atmifqef;pk=unf&@J tcef;twGuu f v dk nf; *syefrw d af qGawGudk aus;Zl;wifa=umif;ajymjy=uygcifAsm;?

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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txl;aqmif;yg;

owif;pmowWd atmifAv

“usaemf. owWu d dk jycsifygw,f q&mæ“ vli,fowif;axmufuav;wOD;u ol.+rK@d e,fY jzpfysuaf eaom tr_upd P rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I rcHcsdrcHomjzpfpGm ajym&Sm.? ok@d ajympOfu olonf vuf oD;ESpfzufukd uspfuspfygatmifqkyf xm;onf? tHusdwfxm;&mrS tenf; i,fwif;vku d v f #if ol@wuk, d v f ;k H rkid ;f Ak;H yrm ayguu f JG oGm;avrnfvm;rod? “owWad wmh&ydS gu, dk v hf /l a'gouk, d f awmha&Smifygæ”[k ol@ukd ajymjy&if; o wif;pmorm;wk@d &So d ifo h nf[k xif& aom owWdoabmw&m;ukd ol@tm; &Si;f jyrdonf? rdru d , dk w f idk u f vnf; EkpOfumvu owWjd yvkpd w d f t}urd rf sm;pGm ay:avh&dS onf? rdro d wWu d dk rdrb d mom prf;oyfrd onfrSmvnf; r=umc%yif? vuG,af e@nwGif ocsKiõ ;f ok@d wOD; wnf;oGm;um rdrdowWdukd prf;oyf =unfhrdygonf? tdwfxJY aoewfukd xnf+h y;D *syefuifay±k;H a&S@Y vl;vm; acgufjyef vrf;av#mufI prf;oyfrdcJh onf? owW[ d o l nfrmS xkt d r_upd rP sK;d [kxifum tm;wufrcd o hJ nf? owif;pmavmuok@d a&muf&v dS m aomtcgwiG v f nf; =uK}H uKd uw f idk ;f rdrd t,ltqESihf rdro d wWu d jdk yrdonf? ±ku d f ykwx f ;dk owfonft h =um;0ifro d nf?ajym qk&d efupd &P ydS guvnf; 0ifro d nf? uk;d uk;d u|ef;okd@wokwf+yD;wokwfykd@aecsdef

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tvkyjf yKwcf sijf yKwaf yap[k owWjd ycJ&h aoma=umifh auseyfcJhonf? wcgwiG v f nf; TudpaP y:ayguv f m jyef&m OD;avm±kHtm; a0zefjypfwif aom aqmif;yg;wapmifa&;rdonf? xdk aqmif;yg;ukd emrnf&if;jzifh vufrw S f xk;d um ykEH ydS cf ahJ vonf? “aus;Zl;wifygw,fuGmæ”[k OD; avm±ku H qko d nf? “armif&ifeJ@ukd,f eJ@ b,ftcgrS t,ltqrwlcb hJ ;l ? t ,ltqrwlwmukd armif&ifu jyef wk d u f w J h t cgrS m armif j zLa&;onf / armifrJa&;onf/ trSefvkdvm;olwOD; a&;onfqkd+yD; emrnf0SufrokH;bJ em rnf&if;eJ@a&;wJo h wWu d dk aus;Zl;wifyg w,fumG æ”[k oluajymjyonf/ wavmu tjzpfw&yf=uKHcJhonf? aqmif;yg;&SifESifhrsm;pGm&if;ESD;aom yk *~Kdvf}uD;wOD;onf tpkd;&Xme}uD;wck wGif t}uD;tuJtjzpf aqmif±Gufae onf? olonf aqmif;yg;&Si. f pm;tdrf aomuftrd jf zpfonf? ESpaf ygi;f 20 r# ol@xH0ifxu G o f mG ;vmcJo h nf? xkda±G@xkdr#&if;ESD;=uapumrl ol. vkyfief;ESifhywfoufI rlrrSef[kxifrd aomudpPukd aqmif;yg;wyk'fjzifhzGifhcs um jyif;jyif;xefxef a0zefa&;om; vkdufonf? aemufwae@wGif ol.±kH; cef;ok@d oGm;jzpfatmifomG ;cJo h nf? rdwaf qGt&m&S}d u;D rSm a0zefcsut f wGuf a'gotrsufacsmif;acsmif;xGuf um aqmif;yg;&Sit f m; jyif;xef&ifo h ;D pGm }udrf;armif;avawmhonf? vl}uD;vl aumif; ynm&Siw f OD;jzpfojzifh uk, d x f d vufa&mufrjyKaomfvnf; E_wt f m;jzifh rl vGeu f sK;pGm ajymqkv d mawmhonf? aqmif;yg;&Siu f tjyKH ;rysux f idk af erd

onf? jyKH ;yifjyKH ;&aomfvnf; wbufrS jyif;xefaompum;vk;H rsm;a=umifh tjyKH ; rSm rcsdjyHK;tqifhokd@ av#musaeav awmhonf? xkpd Ofu a&muf&adS eaom rdwaf qG wOD ; u “vmygAs vk d u f c J h y gæ”[k aqmif;yg;&Sit f m; qGx J w k v f u dk o f nf? “cifAsm;owWda=umifvScsnfvm;? rsufESmi,fuav;eJ@ bmvkd@ik@HcH&wm vJ? ol@qDu aemufxyftcGit hf a&;vkd csiv f @dk vm;”[k rdwaf qGjzpfou l rcsihf r&Jjzpf+y;D jypfwif±w _ cf sjyefawmhonf? “owif;pmorm;wOD;tbk@d owWd qkw d m rSew f ,fxifwmukad &;0Hw h myg? a&;0H&h mrSm wOD;OD;ukd v$rJ csbJ “usKyf a&;wmAsKd@æ”vk@d ajym0Hb h @dk vJ owWv d dk w,f? a&;&Jajym&J+y;D wbufrmS xdcu dk f ol&@J jyKor#udk jyKH ;jyKH ;uav; cH&w J mu ta&;t}u;D qk;H owWAd s? cH&w J m owif; axmufAsæ”[k ol@tm; &Si;f rjyawmh bJ ol}urd ;f armif;or#/ oltxifvo JG r# ukid @Hk cHjyefum owWw d rsK;d jycJrh jd yefygo wnf;?

a&mifeD 2006 a'gi;f td;k a0&,fe@J wufpnfoH tcGiahf umif;I wGeu f sL;jyef xdk xdk ESp&f @J jzwfx;kd ^m%f nDap nmap wd@k vlawG aomuAsma0 uif;a0;ap? zd&ifvnf;ºu xdvnf;cs rw&m;wJh zdEydS t f m%mrSeo f r# wm0eft& zDqef=u? ESpaf wGvnf;&Snf pdwaf wG=um rsu&f nfvnf;vnf rlrq,f wJv G EJ mS &nf ±du _ w f iife@J ab;aomuaAG a0avava0; wd@k wdik ;f jynfta&; vufawG@vnf;jy qH;k jzwf=u? a=umufpw d u f zkd ,f 0efcsv D , G f nDnmvufx;kd aoG;pnf;=upd@k rdjrefrmjynfudkta&mufydk@ 'Dru kd a&pDyef;wdik q f o D @kd yef;wdkifodk@æ

armifr;kd ndK 10-1-2006

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

8

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

9

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;

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58 ESpaf jrmuf u&iftrsK;d om;ae‹*syefEikd if w H iG f usi;f yjyKvkyf *syefEidk if /H wku d sKd +rKd @Y 2006 ckEpS /f azaz:0g&v D 11 &uf/ paeae@u tk;d pkc&Sd MINAMI OTSUKA HALL wGif u&iftrsK;d om;tzG@J csKyf (*syef) / KNU u&if trsK;d om;tpnf;t±k;H (*syefXmecG)J ESihf *syefEidk if w H iG af &muf&adS e=uaom u&ifta&; pdw0f ifpm;ol u&ifvrl sK;d rsm;rS}u;D r_;I tqdyk gae@wGiu f sa&mufaom 58 }urd af jrmuf u&iftrsK;d om;ae@tm; usi;f yjyKvyk cf =hJ uonf? ae@vnf 1;00em&D wGif tcrf;;tem;pwifziG v hf pS u f m jrefrmEkid if t H wGi;f ok@d u&if vl r sKd ; rsm;qif ; ouf v monf h o rk d i f ; ud k v nf ; aumif ; / u&if t vH a wmf ta=umif;udv k nf;aumif;/ vuf&dS u&ifjynfe,ftwGi;f ppftyk pf . k rw&m;n‡i;f yrf; owf j z wf / zrf ; qD ; ES y d p f uf a er_ r s m ;uk d AD ' G , D q d k vd u k j f z if h &S i ; f vif ; j y ooGm;cJo h nf? u&iftrsK;d om;oDcsi;f oDqakd e=upOf xd@k aemuf u&ifvrl sK;d rsm; u&ifpmayavhvmoif,cl iG hf ydwyf ifxm;r_a=umifh u&ifvrl sK;d trsm;pkrmS pmrwwforl sm;jym;vm&jcif;ta=umif;ukv d nf; &ifeifzh , G &f iS ;f jyajymqko d mG ;cJo h nf? txl;{nfo h nfawmftjzpf KNUwGif &SpEf pS w f ikd af tmif wm0efxrf;aqmifcahJ om *syefvrl sK;d rpPwmtdw;kd rS ‚. jzwfoef;ñuaH wG@cJ&h aom tjzpftysurf sm;ESihf wdu k yf yGJ o kH ¾efrsm;ta=umif;ukv d nf; tus,w f 0ifh ajym=um;cJ+h y;D u&if'u k o Q nfpcef;wGif apwemh0efxrf;tjzpf pm=unhw f u kd rf sm; wnfaxmifziG v hf pS x f m;aom ShantirS Miss Watanabeuvnf; ‚wd@k . pm oif=um;ay;aer_rsm;ta=umif;udv k nf; o±kyaf zmfyrkH sm;ESihf wufa&mufvmolrsm;udk pdw0f ifpm;atmif &Si;f vif;ajym=um;cJyh gonf? tcrf;tem;okd@wkdif;&if;om nDtukd armifESrrsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;toDoD;rSyk*~Kdvfrsm;/ NGOtzGJ@rsm; wufa&mufcJh=u+yD; u&if±dk;&mtpm;tpmrsm;jzifh wnfcif;{nfch aH u|;arG;cJ=h u+y;D tcrf;tem;ukd nae 5;00 em&Dtxd usi;f yjyKvyk f oGm;cJyh gonf? (ausmfEikd fMTK)

58 }udraf jrmuf csi;f jynfe,fae‹ *syefEikd if w H iG u f si;f yjyKvkyf 2006/ azaz:0g&2D 0(wevmFae@)onf csi;f trsK;d om;ae@jzpfonf? csi;f jynfe,f ae@tcrf;tem;ukd csi;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;rS rdrw d @dk a&muf&adS eonfh ae&ma'otoD; oD;wGif usi;f yjyKvyk cf =hJ uonf? 2006/ azaz:0g&1D 9(we*FaEGae@)u 58}urd af jrmuf csi;f trsK;d om;ae@tcrf;t em;ukd *syefEidk if /H wku d sK+d rK@d / &Sief m*g0gu&k dS Gloria chapel wGiu f si;f yjyKvyk o f mG ;cJh onf? tcrf;tem;rusi;f yrSD ae@vnf 12;00 em&DrS 2;00em&Dtxd csi;f trsK;d om;ae@ txdr;f trSwf qkawmif;0wfjyKjcif;tpDtpOfudk usi;f yjyKvyk o f mG ;cJ+h y;D ae@vnf 3;00 csi;f ±d;k &mtqdt k ursm;jzifo h q D akd e=upOf em&DrpS I csi;f trsK;d om;ae@tcrf;tem;ukd Mr.Khup Hen PaurS zJ}uKd ;jzwf zGiv hf pS f f zG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rS trSmpum;ajym=um;oGm;cJ=h uonf? ay;cJ+h y;D / wufa&mufvm=uonfh wkid ;f &if;om; nDtukd tzG@J tpnf;rsm;/ NGOtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf r[mrdwt yGaJ wmfwiG f csi;f ±k;d &m 0wfpm;qif,ifrjl yyG/J csi;f ±k;d &mtqkt d ursm;jzifw h ifqufomG ;+y;D / wufa&mufvm=uonfh {nfo h nfawmfrsm;tm; csi;f ±k;d &m tpm;taomuf rsm;jzifh {nfch aH u|;arG;I tcrf;tem;ukd nae 6;00 em&Dtxd usi;f yjyKvyk o f mG ;cJo h nf? tqdyk gyaGJ wmfo@kd xdik ;f Edik if rH aS &muf&v dS maom wdik ;f &if;om;vl rsK;d pkrsm;aumifpD ENC&J@ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a'guw f mqvdik ;f vse;f r_e;f qacgi;f ud, k w f ikd f obmywdtjzpf aqmif±u G af y;cJ+h y;D wufa&muftm;ay;cJo h l 250 ausmcf ef@ &Sad =umif; owif;&&Syd gonf? (ausmfEikd M f TK) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;

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a&jcm;ajrjcm; jrefrmrsm; ysLiSgwhJ tjyK;H jzLpifwEhJ v S ;Hk eJ@ zdwaf c: vlwikd ;f tay:rSm azmfa&G jrefrmawG&@J "avhyg? 59 ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@tcrf;tem;w&yfukd *syefEdkifiH/ wdkusKdòr@ tdk;pkcblwmem;u MINAMI OTSUKA HALLcef;rrSm eHeuf 11 em&Duae n 8 em&Dtxd usi;f ycJw h ,f? jrefrmEdik if u H ucsi/f u&if/ csi;f / rGef/ &cdkif/ &Srf;/ yavmif/ em*pwJh vlrsKd;pkawGtjyif *syefEikd if o H m;awGvnf; tawmfav;pHpk v kH ifvifwuf a&muf=u+y;D vl 400 ausmw f ufa&mufc=hJ uygw,f? 'Djynfaxmifpak e@ tcrf;tem;udk *syefEikd if rH mS zJ@G pnf; xm;wJh nD!w G af omwdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tzG@J tpnf;(*syef) u yxrqHk;t}udrftjzpf wm0ef,lusif;ycJhwmjzpfyg w,f? t&ifEpS af wGwek ;f uawmh NLD LA-Japan jrefrmh 'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKypf wJh Edik if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf;awGu OD pD; vkycf =Jh uwmrsK;d jzpfygw,f? t&ifjynfaxmifpkae@tcrf; tem;awGxufpm&if 'DESpfjynfaxmifpkae@tcrf;tem;u ododomompnf um;vSygw,f? 'guvnf; *syefukd a&mufae=uwJh wdik ;f &if;om;awGu, kd w f ikd f t&ife@J rwl tifwu kd t f m;wdu k f yg0ifqifEcGJ =J uwma=umifyh jJ zpfygw,f? 'Dtcrf;tem;rSm xkid ;f Edik if t H ajcpdu k f wdik ;f &if;om;vl rsKd;pkrsm;aumifpD ENC&J@ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a'guw f mqvdik ;f vse;f r_e;f qacgi;f u jrefrmEdik if rH mS wpf jynfaxmifpepfa=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;awG&@J wef;wlncD iG hf awG ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGiahf wG aysmufq;kH aeao;wma=umifh tJ'DtcGifhta&;awGudk tmrcHr_ay;Edkifr,hf z,f'&,f jynfaxmifpkpepfudk tem*wfrSmwnfaqmufoGm;vdk a=umif; ol@rde@f cGe;f rSm xnfo h iG ;f ajymqdyk gw,f? tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;awGuvnf; tJ't D csuaf wGay: rSm oabmwlnrD &_ w dS m awG@&ygw,f? wufa&mufvm wJh *syefvrl sK;d awGtwGuf jrefrm-*syefpum;jyef vkyaf y; aeol u awmh Mr. Hisao Tanabe ac: OD ; a±$ b yJjzpfygw,f? nD!w G af omwdik ;f &if;rsm;tzJ@G tpnf;ucs;D jri‡ w hf hJ A Frieind of Burma2006qkuakd wmh OD;a±$bu &&So d mG ; ygw,f? qktjzpf csif;trsKd;om;OD;xefeefvsef;(AUN OuUÏ)0wfxm;wJh csi;f ±d;k &m *sycf yk -f *suu f uftuôsukd pifjh ri‡ ahf y:rSmyJ OD;a±$budk 0wfay;vdu k yf gw,f? a[majymr_tpDtpOfawG tm;vH;k +y;D oGm;awmh =um qHcsufau|;ygw,f? tJ'Daemufydkif;rSmawmh wdkif;&if; om;±dk;&mya'omtuawG/ ±dk;&moDcsif;awG/ jrefrmh apmif;vufoH/ ESpfyg;oGm;tu/ *syeftdkuDem0g±dk;&m tuawGe@J wifqufazsmaf jzygw,f? *syeftpd;k &ydik f ±kyf oHv$ifhXmeuvnf; wufa&muf±dkuful; owif;,l xkwv f i$ o hf mG ;cJyh gw,f? (rd;k rctifwmeufr)S rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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ay;pm *syefEidk if w H iG f jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid f zGm; wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. jynfe,fae@/ vl rsK;d ae@txdr;f rSwt f crf;em;rsm;udk usi;f y=uwm txl;0rf;om *k%, f rl qk;H jzpf rdygw,f? jrefrmEkdiHrSm rdrdjynfe,f/ rdrd vlrsK;d rsm;. txdr;f rSwt f crf;em;rsm;udk usi;f ycGirhf &avmufatmif ppftm%m &Sirf sm;u zdEydS cf sKycf s,x f m;=uygw,f? ,ckvkd jynfya&mufwkdif;&if;om; rsm;u usi;f yay;rSak =umifh usaemfw@kd jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;t csi;f csi;f ydrk ekd m;vnfrr_ sm;&&S+d y;D trdajr'D rdu k a&pDpepf&&Sad &;}uKd ;yrf;r_twGu t f axmuftuljzpfvdrfhrnf[k txl;,Hk =unfryd gw,f? ppf t m%m&S i f v uf x uf w G i f usaemfw@kd . wdik ;f &if;om;armifErS rsm; onf 'kurQ sd K;pHck pH m;cJ&h ygw,f? jynfwiG ;f ppf'%f/ vltcGifha&;rsm;qHk±H_;&onfh '%fponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d aom zdEydS cf sKyf cs,rf sm;rSm ,ae@tcsed t f xd cHpm;ae& wke;f jzpfygw,f? wdik ;f &if;om;armifErS rsm;. &ifwiG ;f cHpm;&r_/ rdrv d rl sK;d / rdrb d m omtwGuf a=uuG0J rf;enf;zG,t f jzpf qd;k rsm;udk usaemf taejzifh em;vnfcH pm;Edik yf gw,f? odk@aomf ,ae@ppftm%m&Sif. jynfolvlxktay: n‡if;yef; ESdyfpufr_ rsm;udk wdik ;f &if;om;armifErS rsm;om cH pm;ae&wmr[kwfyg? jynfe,fjynfr tm;vk;H rSmaexdik =f uwJh jynfov l x l w k &yfv;Hk cHpm;ae&wm jzpfygw,f? cHpm;r_twdkif;twm& [email protected] }u;D csuu f dk ‘Armppfwyf’ ‘Armppfwyf’ [kajymqdrk a_ =umifh ArmvlrsK;d wa,muf jzpfaom usaemf.cHpm;csufudkvnf; em;vnfvrd rhf nf[k ,H=k unfygw,f? ,kH =unfr_ESifhtwl ‘Armppfwyf’[laom a0g[m&udv k nf; tenf;i,f&iS ;f vif; wifjyvkyd gw,f? jrefrmEkid if o H nf 1948 Zefe0g&v D 4 &ufae@rSm vGwv f yfa&;&ygw,f? t*F vdyt f pd;k &rxGucf gG rDS Armhwyfrawmfukd pwifz@JG pnf;cJyh gw,f? t*Fvyd t f pd;k &ESihf t*Fvyd pf pfwyfu *syefw@kd zG@J pnf;ay;xm;wJh ArmhumuG,f a&;wyfrawmfwckv;Hk udk vufrcHygb;l / bDtidk af tacwfu &mZ0wfru _ sK;vGef wJh wyfom;rsm;&SdcJhwma=umifh pDppf

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Air India+Myanmar Airways(45 fix open) ¥66000(Ak'[ < ;l / pae) JCB CARD0ifygu ,ef;oH;k axmifavsmhygrnf? ¥ 93000(ae@pOf) JAL+Myanmar Airways( 3 months) Map Worldu'f(ATB. Visa(or)Mask0ifyguvnf; ,ef;oH;k axmifxyfI Thai Airways(1 months) ¥ 90000(ae@pOf) avsmhygrnf? Singapore Air+Myanmar(1 months) ¥ 83000 Bangkok Transit ae@csi;f a&muf ¥ 74000(10 &uf) (JCB Credit CardrSm ausmif;om;vnf;0ifEdkifygonf)





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Immigrationod@k roGm;rSD zke;f qufaqG;aEG;wdi k yf ifyg?ava=umif;vdik ;f aygif;pHrk S vufrw S rf sm;udk aps;E_e;f oufompGm&&Sad tmif jrefrmwm0efcrH S ulnaD y;aeygonf? SHINJUKU HEAD OFFICE Tel:03 3340 6749 Here(3)F SHIBUYA OFFICE MC Donald's BIC Camera Khaing War Ko(cdik 0f gu)kd NOVA Tel:03 5467 0077

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd . f pmtkyt f !$e;f

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd t f wGuf aiGa-u;vSLwef;cJ-h uolrsm;pm&if;ESihf ,cifvoH;k pJcG ahJ om aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;xkwjf yefcsu?f

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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owif;aqmif;yg; &moDOwku ud, k b hf ufygw,fvŒkd bJqq kd /kd tylcsed f oknatmuf a&cJrw S f 3 'D*&Dpifw*D &dwaf vmufqw kd m aps;yGaJ wmfvmrnfv h al wGukd b,fvrkd S taESmuft,Surf ay;Ekid b f ;l av? aumfzaD omuf&if;/ jrefrmrkeahf v;awG pm;&if;/ pum;pjrnfajym&if;/ jrefrmuav;awGvyk x f m;wJh trSww f &ypPn;f av;awGukd =unf±h 0_ ,f,&l if; “ausmif;twGuu f n l cD sifw,f/ b,fvu kd n l ED idk rf vJæ” ar;vmwJo h al wGukd ausmif;aumfrwDOuUXzifvef f ufay;+y;D csex f m;&pfc&hJ w,f? ud, k u f trsK;d orD; rpPu&J wlvyfygvikd ef rf(Kerttu Lappalainen)eJ@ rdwq "gwyf akH umif;aumif;av;awG ±du k cf siaf ewmud;k ? cef;raqmift0buf vSr;f avsmS ufomG ;awmh tjynfjynfqidk &f mvGwjf ird ;f csr;f omcGit hf zG@J (zifvefXme)u vlawG tkypf v k u kd 0f ifvmwmawGŒvdu k &f w,f? “0rf;omw,fAsm/vm=uAsmæ”vdŒk zifvefbmompum;eJŒ c&D;OD;}uKd jyK&if; pmoifcef;&S&d mqD ac:oGm;vdu k w f ,f? olwŒkd u pmoif=um;yHu k akd vhvm=unfch siw f ,f/ cGijhf yKyg vdŒk wul;wurSmxm;bl;awmh “aps;yGaJ wmfvyk zf Œkd &Sw d ,fæ/ tcGit hf cgaumif;bJ/ tJ't D csed rf v S m=uAsmæ”vdŒk ta=umif;jyef=um;xm;bl;w,fav? tckow l Œkd a&mufvm=ujy?D rpkpak EG;udk olwŒkd odw,fq&kd if cifAsm;rtH=h oygeŒJ ? trSew f &m;twGuf awmfveS w f u kd yf 0JG ifaewJh jrefrmjynf oljynfom;awGukd olwŒkd aumif;aumif;od=uygw,f? usaemfwŒkd wawG ud, k t hf m;ud, k u f ;kd jy;D wdu k yf 0JG ifEidk f avav urBmjh ynfoal wGu todtrSwjf yKavav/ pmemulnv D mavavygb?J rpkpak EG;udo k w l Œdk odatmif zifvefujrefrmpmoifausmif;uav;udk ‘t&k%Of ;D ausmif;’uae ‘pkpak EG;ausmif;’ odŒk trnfajymif;cJw h m 2005 ckEpS /f EdZk ifbmv(13)&ufae@? tJ'aD e@u rpkpak EG;udk etzppftyk pf u k axmif'%f(18)v rw&m;jypf '%fcscw hJ m 1 vjynfw h ahJ e@aygAh sm? rpkpak EG;u olŒordik ;f ola&;cJw h mudk zifvefa&muf jrefrmEkid if o H m;awGu rSww f rf;tuQ&mwifay;wmyg? ‘rpkpak EG;’&Jh ‘±d;k om;&J&ifrh ’_ ud*k % k jf yKxm;wJh ‘pkpak EG;jrefrmpmoifausmif;’ av;wausmif; rdik af xmifcsaD 0;wJh zifvefEidk if rH mS &Sad ea=umif; rpkpak EG;udk ajymvdu k =f uygAsm? ajymvdu k =f uyg?

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,ef; 1˜000 vSLwef;olrsm; udak usm0f À/ udak eatmif/ udrk sK;d atmif/ TAMURA SAN ,ef; 2˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;rvJv h 0hJ if;/ udo k ef;xGe;f 0if;/ apwem&SiZf eD;armifE/HS armifaomif;xdu k šf rprf;jrifh EG,/f udak rmifoef@ ,ef; 3˜000 vSLwef;olrsm;- udkausmfausmfEdkif/ udkpdk;0if;&Sdef/ r0if;0if;at;/ jrefrmausmif;om;vli,frsm;/ Zefe0g&DvvufusefaiG 161˜500(wpfq,fah jcmufaomif;wpfaxmifig;&m,ef;wdw)d pkpak ygif; 190˜500(wpfq,fu h ;kd aomif;ig;&m,ef;) aoG;opfausmif;od@k Zefe0g&DvtwGuf ay;yd@k vSLwef;aiG 30˜000(av;aomif;,ef;wdw)d (05-2-2006 wGiaf y;yd@k cJyh gonf)

(aoG;opfausmif;twGuf vpOfaiGa=u;axmufyrHh r_ sm;udk ABSDF Zefe0g&DvvufusefaiG rS twGi;f a&;rSL; udak 0vif;Zifrw S qifh ay;yd@k v#uf&ydS gonf) 160˜500(wpfq,fah jcmufaomif;ig;&m,ef;wdw)d rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

20

Moe Thauk Kye Journal Edik if w H umowif;rsm;

Ðzdvpfyikd Ef ikd if w H iG f tm%modr;f &efóud;pm;r+jzpfymG ;I ta&;ay: Oya'xkwfjyefvdkufjcif;? Ðzdvpfyikd Ef ikd if rH mS azaz:0g&v D 25 &ufae@u ta&;ay:Oa'xkwfjyefcJhyg w,f? tckvx kd w k jf yefvu kd w f muawmh azaz:0g&v D 24 &ufae@u jzpfymG ;cJw h hJ tm%modr;f bd@k }uKd ;pm;cJw h hJ ykeu f efrj_ zpf yGm;cJv h @kd wdik ;f jynftwGuf ta&;}u;D wJh tajctaejzpfv@kd tckvt kd a&;ay: Oy a'xkwjf yefvu kd &f wmjzpfw,fv@kd or w'Arroyo'uajym=um;cJyh gw,f? zdvpfydkifowif;Xme&J@ aemufqHk; xkwjf yefcsuu f awmh tm%modrf;bdk@ }uKd ;pm;wJyh ek u f efru _ kd OD;aqmifco hJ l 16 OD;udk zrf;qD;xm;vdu k +f yv D @kd qdkygw,f/ tJ'o D al wGtxJrmS awmh vuf0, J rd ;f wJh qD;edwv f w $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 4 OD;eJ@ v$waf wmftrwfa[mif;wOD;jzpf wJh 'Gregorio Honasan'wd@k jzpfw,f vd@k qdyk gw,f/ 'Gregorio Honasan' [m ,ciftm%modr;f bd@k }uKd ;pm;cJw h hJ ykeu f efra_ wGrmS vnf;yg0ifco hJ jl zpfygw,f? tjcm;xde;f odr;f cHvu k d &f olawGuawmh Adv k cf sKy'f Danilo Lim'eJ@ ppfwyfut&m &St d csK@d wd@k jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh zdvpfyikd f jynf o l v l x k a wG [ m ,cif o rw

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( Refers & Quoted from : Japan Times & Yahoo News ) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

21

Edik if w H umowif;rsm;

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

22

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t&m}uD;eJ‹aygufazmf a&;ol-armifoef;0if; aywd;k onf ,ckvwGiv f nf; tm;&ufY u|Eyfk x f o H @kd aygucf svmygonf? xH;k pH twdik ;f pm;=u/ aomuf=u pum;pjrnfajym=uESihf aemufq;kH w&yf ArmqufqH a&;/ ukvm;ArmqufqaH &;od@k a&mufomG ;ygonf? aywd;k ? ? aeygtke;f oli,fcsif;&/ rif;u w±kwrf aumif;bl;/ ukvm;raumif; bl;vd@k ajymwm igawmh odyb f 0ifruscsifb;l æ u|Efyk ?f ? r[kwb f ;l vm;uG? tck=unhyf gvm;æ/ 'd@k Armjynf'u k aQ &mufaewke;f w±kwaf &m/ ukvm;a&m yJv G ef@wke;f zsmcif;zd@k tòyiftqdik óf u;pm;ae =uwmæ/ a&S;acwfu Armjynfa&mufvmwJh w±kw-f ukvm;awG igw@kd Edik if rH mS pD;yGm;&Sm/ ArmrawG,+l y;D vlO;D a&yGm;zd@k óu;pm;=uwmæ rif;- =um;zl; zwfz;l rSmaygæ h aywd;k ? ? =um;zl; zwfz;l ygw,fæ? 'gayrJh rif;jrifovdk rjrifb;l uGæ? tJ'D ukvm;-w±kwaf wGu ukvm;jynfrmS &Sw d hJ ukvm;awGe@J w±kwjf ynf rSm&Sw d hJ w±kwaf wGuu kd , kd pf m;jyKwJo h al wGr[kwb f ;l ? yk*v ~ u d oD; jcm;ukvm;-w±kwrf sm;omv#ifjzpfw,f? olw@kd Edik if rH mS pD;yGm;a&;/ pm;0wfaea&;rajyvnfv@kd ArmjynfrmS pD;yGm;vm&Sm=uwmæ/ tJ'D acwfu Armjynf[m urBmudq k efwify@kd wm eHygwf‘wpf’/ wESpu f kd qefcsde(f 3)oef;txd wify@kd Edik cf w hJ ,f? tm&Swu kd &f @J pyg;usDv@kd owf rSwcf cH &hJ w,f? aemufaz;vrf;=um;awGrmS xrif;=urf;awG/ xrif;t usefawG v$iyhf pfxm;wm w±kwjf ynfuowif;pmawGrmS ygvmvd@k w±kwEf ikd if o H m;awG 'gudzk wf+y;D Armjynfuv kd mcJ=h uwJo h rdik ;f vnf; &Scd w hJ ,fæ u|Efyk ?f ? rif;uawmhvyk +f y/D [kwyf grh vm;uGmæ/ aywd;k ? ? igi,fi,fwek ;f u 'kw, d urBmppfrjzpfcifu owif;pmawG tzd;k tzGm;wd@k tdrrf mS &Sv d @kd zwfc&hJ bl;w,f? igu pmzwf0goemygvd@k tzd;k tzGm;tdrrf mS owif;pmta[mif;awG/ r*~Zif;*sme,fta[mif;awG udk tm;&ifav#mufzwfaecJw h mæ u|Efyk ?f ? tJ'v D t kd ajctae taxmuftxm;&S&d ifawmh ajymygarmif/ igem; axmif ygrh ,fæ? A[kow k ayg?h A[kow k rsm;av tjrifus,af v/ pOf;pm;awG;ac:&mrSm trSeef @J eD;pyfavaygu h mG æ aywd;k ? ? 'Dae&mrSm xl;jcm;wJo h wif;ESpyf 'k f zwfz;l w,fuæ G u|Efyk ?f ? ajymygarmif&mæ/ igt h wGuf A[kow k wd;k wmaygæ h aywd;k ? ? 'Dvu kd æ G / tJ't D csdew f ek ;f u ukvm;vnf;vGwv f yfa&;r&ao;bl;? Armvnf; vGwv f yfa&;r&ao;bl;? w±kwu f vnf; Edik if jH cm;om; awG cs,fv, S w f mcHae&wJt h qifah yghæ? tJ't D csderf mS w±kwaf &m/ ukvm;a&m/ ArmjynfrmS pD;yGm;&Smzd@k awmfawmfa&mufvmae=u+yu D ?G w±kw-f ukvm;awGu olw@kd Edik if rH mS pD;yGm;&Smzd@k rajyvnfww hJ ±kw-f ukvm;awG? ArmjynfrmS vG,v f , G ef @J pD;yGm;jzpfEikd w f ,fq+kd y;D vm=u wJw h ±kw-f ukvm;awGayghumG ? w±kwt f m;vH;k ukum;tm;vH;k 'Dvkd r[kwb f ;l qdw k mudak wmh acgif;xJrmS xJx h m;yguGmæ u|Efyk ?f ? qdrk mS jzifh qdak wmfrw l mr[kwb f ;l æ? av&Snaf evdu k w f mæ aywd;k ? ? 'Dvakd jymxm;rS/ Ed@k rd@k qd&k if tawG;tjrifawGvu JG ek rf mS pd;k vd@k [? wcsdef rSm tdE, Nd jynf&@J vGwv f yfa&;zcif}u;D r[wWr*EDu N OD;aqmif+y;D +Ad wdo#ukeyf pPn;f awGukd oydwaf rSmufz@kd pnf;±H;k aqmf=ovd@k e,fcs›u J kd

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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tifwmeufay:wGifvnf; zwf±+Edkifyg_yD rd;k aomuf=u,fpm=unhw f u kd rf S OD;pD;xkwaf 0aeaom ‘rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,f’tygt0if/ awmifu;kd &D;,m;Edik if x H w k f ‘axmifpjk ywif;owif;*sme,f’/ tar&duefEikd if x H w k f ‘yGio hf pf*sme,f’tygt0if NCGUBxkwf‘!Ge@f aygi;f ’owif;v$mwdk@udk atmufygvyd pf mwGif zwf±E_ ikd yf ga=umif; http://www.moethaukkye.com

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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*syefEk id fiw H iG f 'kuoQ nftjzpf ck v d c+H iG f&h olrsm;ok d‹ trSmpm 1979 ckEpS w f iG f wnfaxmifco hJ nfh 'kuQonfu,fq,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkyif ef;XmecsKyo f nf *syefEikd if t H pd;k &rS wm0efay;csut f & tif'ckd sKid ;f em; 'kuQ onftwGuf *syefEikd if w H iG f a&&Snjf yef vnfxal xmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyf aqmifay;cJo h nf? 2004 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbm v vuf&t dS if 'dck sKid ;f em;u|e;f qG,af 'o oH k ; Ed k i f i H r S a&&S n f a exd k i f c J h = uol t aygi;f rSm 11000 OD;ausm&f cdS o hJ nf? *syeftpd;k &onf 2002 ckEpS f (*syef [Jaq; 14 ckESpf)=o*kwfv/ 1951 ckESpf 'kuQonfuGefAif;&Sif;ay:tajccH+yD;/ w&m;a&;0ef}u;D Xme0ef}u/D u todtrSwjf yKco hJ nf? 'kuo Q nf(uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuQ onf)rsm;. a&&SnfaexdkifcGifhudk cGifhjyKcJhayonf? uGefAif;&Sif;'kuQonfrsm;ESifh ‚wd@k .rdom;pkrsm;tm;vnf;bJ 'kuo Q nfrsm;u,fq,fapmifah &Smufa&;XmecsKyf pDrcH ef@cJaG qmif±u G o f nfh tjynfjynfqikd &f mu,fq,fapmifah &Smufa&;pifwmwGif *syefbmomoif=um;a&;/ tvkyt f udik &f &Sad &;ponfw@kd udk ulnaD y;+y;D / 2003 ckEpS f aqmif;OD;aygu&f moDrS pwifziG v hf pS cf ahJ yonf? uGeAf if;&Si;f 'kuo Q nftjzpf tajcpdu k af exdik o f t l rsm;tjym;tm; *syefEikd if . H vlaer_tzJG@tpnf;wGif o[Zmwjzpf+yD;/ vlr_a&;udpPt&yf&yfwdk@wGif tpGrf; ukeóf u;pm;oGm;Edik =f uap&ef ±d;k om;pGmar#mv f ifah wmifw h v#u&f ydS gonf? wzufrv S nf; vlaer_b0udw k nfjraJ p&efrmS trsK;d rsK;d aom *syefEikd if . H "avh xH;k wrf;rsm;ESihf tjzpftysut f a=umif;t&mtrsm;tjym;udk em;vnfrv _ rGJ mS ;cJI h trsKd ; rsKd ; aom'k u Q o nf t cuf t cJ j y\emrsm; ±_ w f a xG ; cJ h & wmrsKd ; awG &Sad yvdrrhf nf? Tvlaer_0ef;usiv f ufppGJ mtkyu f kd tm;vH;k twGuf jyKpx k w k af 0vdu k yf gonf? *syefEikd if EH iS o hf ufqikd o f nfh aexdik pf m;aomufa&;/ vlrb _ 0&yfwnfa&;tqifajy &ef&nf±, G +f y;D / tcsut f vufrsm;udk &Si;f vif;a&;om;xm;ayonf? Tvuf p J G p mtk y f u d k t oH k ; jyKI *syef E d k i f i H . trsKd ; rsKd ; aompepf r sm;ES i f h oufrSwfxm;onfhtcsufrsm;udk em;vnfoabmayguf+yD;/ ydkrdkwdusonhf tcsut f vufta=umif;t&mrsm;ud&k &SI d *syefEikd if w H iG f aysm±f iG pf mG aexdik v f yk u f ikd f &yfwnfoGm;Edkif&ef óu;pm;=uap&efESifh 'kuQonfu,fq,fapmifha&Smufa&; XmecsKy. f pDrcH ef@cJaG &;XmewGijf zpfap/ 'kuo Q nfwidk yf ifaqG;aEG;a&;yk*Kd~ vrf sm;tm; óuwifta=umif;=um;p&mrvdb k J ar;jref;pHpk rf;Edik yf gonf? tm;vH;k onf tjrefq;kH rdrad jcaxmuftay: rdr&d yfwnfvmEdik af p&ef óu;pm; =u+y;D / wnf+ird v f jkH cKH pw d cf s&onfh aexdik v f yk u f ikd pf m;aomufEikd o f nfb h 0 a&muf&dS Edik af pa&;twGuf ar#mv f ifyh gonf? xd@k tjyif Tpmtkyyf gta=umif;t&m tcsuf rsm;ESiyfh wfouf+y;D aumif;rGeaf omt=u^H m%frsm;ay;vdyk gu 'kuo Q nfun l aD pmifh a&Smufa&;vkyif ef;XmecsKyo f @kd ay;yd@k Edik yf gonf? 2005 azazmf0g&v D

rd;k aomuf=u,fcifAsm;? cifAsm;wd@k *sme,fxrJ mS a&;wJh armifoef;0if;&J@ ‘'g0ifuo kd em;w,f’ oa&mfpmxJrmS etzppftyk pf [ k m ysOf;rem;=uyfajy;udak jymif;wm vl awGaewJah e&mr[kwb f J wd&p>mefawGaewJah e&mudak jymif;oGm;w,fv@kd a&;xm; wJh toH;k tE_e;f wckygaew,f? tJ'v D o kd ;kH vdu k af wmh t&ifuaecJw h hJ òr@cHval wGukd wd&p>mefeJ@wlw,fvdk@ajymovkdjzpfaeygw,f? 'DvdkrsKd;awmh ra&;oifh/ roH;k oifb h bl;qdw k m owday;yg&apæ usaemfw@kd rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fuzkd wf+y;D tckvakd jymwJt h wGuf 0rf;vnf; omygw,f? óuvnf;óuqdyk gw,f? tqdyk gupd eP @J ywfouf+y;D pma&;q&marmif oef;0if;u jyefvnf&iS ;f jywmu ola&;wJo h a&mfpmxJrmS ysO;f rem;udak &m/ =uyfajy; rSm&Sw d òhJ r@cHval wGuakd &m bmqdb k mrSrajymxm;/ ra&;xm;ygb;l ? ol@pmxJrmS ygwm u ‘ysOf;rem;òr@ awmfawmf}u;D a0;wJh awmpyfwae&mudk etz[m xGuaf jy; oGm;yg+y’D vd@k bJ oH;k xm;wmyg? 'ga=umifrh @kd vd@k amwmpyfux kd u G af jy;oGm;vd@k etz udb k &J nf±, G +f y;D oH;k xm;jcif;jzpfa=umif;ygcifAsm;æ [Jvdkærdk;aomuf=u,f? cifAsm;wdk@*sme,frsufESmzHk;rSm jynfaxmifpkae@ &ufpaGJ wmhyg+y;D Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;arG;ae@jzpfwhJ azazmf0g&Dv 13 &ufae@udk xnfrh azmfjywmvJAsæ usaemfwdk@azmfjyzdk@usefcJhwmyg? tckvdkowday;ajym=um;vdk@ aus;Zl;wif a=umif;ygcifAsm;æ rd;k aomuf=u,f&iS ?hf &Siw f @kd udk ulnaD xmufyaHh ewJh RHQu {+yv D rSmzGiv hf pS rf ,fh *syefbmompum;oifwJhausmif;udk 'R'usxm;wJholawGbJwufvdk@&+yD;/ 'SS'&xm;wJo h al wG=uawmh avmavmq,fr&ao;bl;vd@k ta=umif;jyefwmudck H &w,f&iS ?f tJ'gbmoabmvJæ? 'kuo Q nfcsif;twlwl tqift h wef;cJ+G y;D quf qHwmvm;æ tJ'u D pd eP @J ywfouf+y;D usaemfw@kd vnf; trSew f u,froda=umif;ygcifAsm;æ

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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ud, k af wG‹pmaya[majymyJaG qmif;yg;

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Edik if aH &;avmueJ@pmavmuqdw k m e,ferd w d cf jGJ cm;r_r&Syd g &,farmp&mpum;trsK;d rsK;d a&maESmajymqd+k y;D em;axmifaewJyh &dowf&@J tm±Hk udk pJaG qmift+y;D rSmawmh q&marmifpif=u,f[m vd&k if;pum;udpk wifygw,f? +Adwdo#e,fcsJ›wdk@ESifhjzpfyGm;cJhaomvGwfvyfa&;twGufwdkufyJG/ 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyJG tp&So d nfw@kd ESihf tpOftvm&Scd w hJ jhJ refrmEdik if [ H m Edik if aH &;ESiphf maywd@k t=um;rSm e,ferd w d pf nf;jcm;r_r&Sb d ;l qdw k hJ ta=umif;t&mbJjzpfygw,f? yxrqH;k ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f ta=umif;udk eufeufeeJ aJ jym=um;ygw,f? q&m }u;D [m 1885 ckrwdik rf u SD mvuxJu arG;zGm;cJ+h y;D / t*Fvyd af cwf/ *syefacwf/ jrefrm Edik if v H w G v f yfa&;acwfumvrsm;udk touf&n S &f n S jf zwfoef;vmcJw h hJ uAsmq&m }u;D wa,mufjzpfygw,f? xd@k tjyif owif;pmq&m/ ynmwwfy*k Kd~ vf a,mufvJ w0g;0g;ESihf oabmusae=uaom vma&mufem;qif=uonfh {nfyh &dwo f wdrsm; jzpfygw,f? 1930 rSm vli,frsm;u vGwv f yfa&;udak r#mrf eS ;f +y;D ociftoif;(ocif qdw k m t*Fvyd v f rl sK;d r[kwb f J jrefrmvlrsK;d qdw k t hJ qdu k kd &nf!e$ ;f ygw,f) 'd@k Armt pnf;t±H;k udk pwifz@GJ pnf;vdu k w f t hJ csed rf mS awmh touf &Snw f u hJ Asmq&m}u;D [m tJ't D oif;rSmyg0if+y;D yl;aygi;f cJyh gw,f? tJ'aD emufrmS awmh ol[m ocifu, kd af wmf rdi_ ;f vd@k emrnfwyf+y;D / +Aw d o d #uv kd ekd eD ,fcsw J› u kd yf aGJ wGtwGuf r&Srd jzpfwo hJ t l jzpf &yfwnfcyhJ gw,f? uAsmrsm;ESihf ajymqdak 0zefrr_ sm;rS wqifh tpOfojzifjh ynfov l l xkukd pdw"f gww f ufºuapygw,f? q&marmifpif=u,f[m ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f &J@uAsmudk xnfo h iG ;f zwfjy&if; p um;qufcyhJ gw,f? uAsmudb k momjyef&wm vGepf mG cufcv J yS gw,f? usaemfvuf ajrm‡ uft±_;H ay;&rvdjk zpfcahJ yrJh em;axmifaewJyh &dowfuawmh txifw}u;D em; axmifae=uygw,f? ocifu, kd af wmfri_d ;f rSquf+y;D ode;f azjrif(h pma&;q&mjzpf+y;D zufqpfqef@usifa&;acgif;aqmif/ vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;vuf0J0g'Dacgif;aqmif)OD;Ek a[majymyJt G +y;D rdr. d pmaytawG@tñuu H kd ajymjyaeaomq&mOD;a±$b (vGwv f yfa&;&+y;D jrefrmEdik if . H yxrOD;qH;k 0ef}u;D csKy/f bmomw&m;udu k ikd ;f ±di_ ;f aomAk'b < mom0ifjzpf+y;D pmayorm;wa,mufvjJ zpfygw,f)pojzifh wa,muf+y;D wa,mufa=umif;ajymjyygw,f? q&marmifpif=u,f[m pmayorm;[mEdik if aH &;ESihf ywfoufqufE, G /f Edik if aH &;orm;u uavmifEiS t hf u|r;f w0ifjzpf/ 'gawG[m jrefrmjynfrmS jzpfavjzpfx&Sw d t hJ a=umif;awGukd tav;xm;ajymqdck yhJ gw,f? Edik if aH &;o rm;ppfppf/ pmaytEkynmppfppfawG[m wdik ;f jynftwGu/f jynfov l x l t k wGuf rdrt d iftm;ESihf taxmuftuljyKapwm[m jzpfoifjh zpfxu kd w f u hJ pd v P @kd qdyk gw,f? uAsm±Gwq f jkd cif;udk *syefbmomESiafh csmarG@atmif bmomjyefEikd pf rG ;f usaemfrh mS r&Syd gb;l ? tJ't D pm; usaemf[m pm=unhw f u kd t f vkyEf iS yhf wfouf+y;D wufa&muf vm=uwJh *syefy&dowfukd zwfp&m rSwpf &mowif;rsm;udk ydyk o kd momav;ay;cJh ygw,f? Oyrm pum;xJrmS q&marmifpif=u,fajymcJw h hJ q&mode;f azjrif. h emrnf}u;D 0wˆKukd *syefbmomjzifjh yefqx kd m;a=umif; ajymjycJyh gw,f? ‘[d[xrd'&kd ’d bmomjyefxm;aom ‘ta&S@uae0ef;xGuo f nfyh rm’(txuf/ tv,f/ atmuf) tdr&l pmay,Ofaus;r_Ïme(1989)/ wzefO;D EkrS *syefvufatmufrS ArmacwftawG@ tñuu H akd ygi;f jcKH a&;om;xm;aom ‘Armjynf 5 ESpw f m 1941-1945‘ Burma Under the Japanese[k t*Fvy dv f b kd momjyefjyKpck yhJ gw,f? tJovkd t*Fvyd b f momjyefxm;wJt h xJrmS wpdww f a'oudk *syefbmomjzifjh yefqx kd m;+y;D *syefouU &mZf Showa 35ckEpS rf wdik rf ESD iS hf +y;D umvydik ;f Y vpOfxw k rf *~Zif;(jynfo@l tmabmf§qEN)Y azmfjyyg&x dS m;wmudk rSwrf ad ewJt h wGuf &SmazG=unhyf g&ef owif;ay;cJyh gw,f? aemufq;kH rSmawmh q&marmifpif=u,f[m ,QKtoufajcmufq,fausm+f yjD zpfwhJ a':atmifqef;pk=unfarG;ae@(6 v 19 &uf)twGuf uAsmq&mwifr;kd a&;pyfxm; wJu h Asmudk ajymjycJyh gw,f? ppftyk pf &k @J vdu k v f zH rf;qD;r_a=umihf tar&dum;rSma&muf&adS exdik af ewJh q&mwifr;kd [m ,ckrsuaf rSmufcwfjrefrmEdik if u H kd ud, k pf m;jyKaewJh uAsmq&mwa,mufvJjzpfygw,f? wdkusKdrSmjyKvkyfwJh pmaya[majymyJGudk ESpf}udrfwdkifwdkif wufa&mufcJhwJhtwGuf *syefa&mufjrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;ESifhvnf; &if;ES;D u|r;f 0if+y;D om;jzpfaeygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfxuftoufy}kd u;D wJq h &mwifr;kd [m &J&ifjh ywfom;+y;D arG;&mygAZD udu k tmZmenfpw d "f gwt f jynf&h w dS o hJ rl udk rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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rdrw d wfu|r;f wJu h ¾jzifh wenf;tm;jzifah jym&aomf jynfov l x l Ek iS &hf if;ED;S cspcf ifpmG jzifh t"dym` ,f&pdS mG taxmuftuljyKaprJu h Asmudk a&;om;ygr,f? a':atmifqef;pk =unfEiS t fh wl a&Sq › ufav#mufvrS ;f oGm;csiyf gw,fqw kd u hJ Asm[m em;axmifaewJyh &dowfrsm;&J@ rsm;jym;vSaomvufcyk o f rH sm;jzifh óuqdck cH &hJ ygw,f? tJ'aD emufrmS awmh bmomjyefwm0ef,x l m;wJu h saemfarmifa±GbrSae+y;D ‘*syefpmayYay:xGe;f vmaomjrefrmhy&kH yd ’f [lwhJ acgi;f pOfjzifh pum;jzifph um;ajymcJyh gw,f? aemufq;kH rSm jrefrmbmomjzifyh o GJ rd ;f awmhv@kd ajymyH&k ygw,f? q&marmifprG ;f &nfu vli,frsm; aoaocsmcsmrSwo f m;oif,yl g? Edik if t H wGut f vkyv f yk yf gv@kd t"dym` ,f &Sw d phJ um;udak jymcJyh gw,f? tJ'aD wGuakd wmh aemuf&ufawGrmS tpD&ifcw H ifjycsiyf gw,f? (+y;D yg+y)D (q&mOD;a±$b. *syefbmomjzifah &;om;ay;yd@k aompmrlukd jrefrmbmomod@k jyefay;cJah om ‘rpy,fxeG ;f =unf’udk rd;k aomufrS aus;Zl;txl;wif&ydS ga=umif;)

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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“xpfvnf;xpf/ jrefvnf;jrefqakd wmh 0vH;k bmajymw,fqw kd mawmif rSwv f @kd r&bl;æ? oluom 1981 ckEpS rf mS &efuek w f uUov kd u f ‘'\eduaA'’eJ@ bJ@G & w,fajymw,f? =unf&h wmawmh ‘oifyek ;f }u;D ’awmifatmifomomyJæ” (3) “taxmuftxm;&Sv d m;tefu,fæ” armifykn(-opa-w;vs) “&Syd gaomfaumAsmæ/ (1) usaemf.trnfrmS ‘0vH;k ’jzpfygonf? (2)acwWwkd usKq d o kd rl sm;ESihf vJrG mS ;rnfp;kd I ‘rzrf;rcsi;f wdu k sK’d [k trnfay;xm;ygonf? (3) *sK;d jzLa&ydu k f AH;k azmufccGJ &H onfah e@u &efuek òf r@wGiaf rG;zGm;cJyh gonf? (4) usaemfh tdrt f eD;rSm vGwv f yfa&;a=unmpmwrf;xd;k xm;aom ausmufwikd t f }u;D }u;D wck &Syd gonf? (5) usaemfw h iG f tarESit hf r rdom;pko;kH a,mufom&Syd gonf? (6) us aemfonf ,QKtcsed t f xd ‘vlòy}u;D jzpfygonf? (7) 1981 wGif &efuek w f uUov kd rf S '\eduaA'ESifhbJG@&cJh+yD; a,mifcsmcsmESifh *syefodk@a&muf&SdcJhygonf’wJhavæ” “b,ftcsuaf wGrsm;vJtefu,fæ” “=unfah v/ rdr&d @J twˆKyw ` adW &;wmuku d uav;pma&;ovdyk rJ w _ v f m;æ/ +y;D awmh vlysK}d u;D udk ‘vlòy}u;D ’wJæ h ” “[kwu f hJ [kwu f t hJ efu,fæ/ usaemfw h iG f tarESit hf r rdom;pko;kH a,mufom &Syd gonfqakd wmh tazub,fa&mufomG ;ovJ? uG,v f eG o f mG ;ovm;/ tazeJ@ (1) tar uJ r G s m ;uJ = G u ovm;tef u ,f æ ” “tefu,fvm;æ” “'gawmh 0vH;k udck s;D usL;zd@k aumif;w,f? 'Daumif jrefrmeJ@*syefae+y;D =opa=w; “[kww f ,fu&ifav;/ uJ ajymæ” _ v f m;? jrefrmrSmu ‘tazrSerf S “tefu,fuvJ/ ‘0vH;k (rzrf;rcsi;f wdu k sK)d ’&J@ ‘wkww f jyuf "g;wjyuf’umwGe;f vsm;&J@,Ofaus;r_ukd aumif;aumif;odw,frw bom;’/ = o pa= w ;vs m ;rS m u tazqd w k mtyd y k ? J tazr&Sv d nf;jzpfygw,faemf udak y;zwfxm;awmh/ ckawmh wkww f jyuf"g;wjyufuae rD;awGygavmifuek +f yæ D ” “[,f ‘0vH;k ’vkyw f m 'Dtxdjzpfuek +f yv D m;æ/ uJ uJ u&ifav;/ at;at;aq; u&ifav;æ” “[kwu f hJ [kwu f hJ tefu,fæ” aq;ajymyguG,fæ” “pwmuawmh ‘'de;f rwf’upwmwJæ h ” “tif;æawmfao;wmayg?h wdu k sKu d rpwmavæ” “'de;f rwfupwJrh ;D u vufbufe;D (pf)/ cgweG /f 'rwfpuwf/ *gZmurf;ajrmif a'ouae+y;D avmavmq,f tif'ekd ;D &Sm;udak wmif a&mufvmw,ftefu,fæ” “'ge@J 0vH;k oGm;rvkyw f mawmh aocsmygw,faemfæ” urBmhEdkifiHtoD;oD;rS pdkufysKd;xm;=uaom opfcGyef;rsm;udk jyoonfh “tefu,fuakd r;&OD;r,fæ/ tJ'u D mwGe;f q&mawGubmvJtefu,f/ +y;D awmh urBmo h pfcyG ef;yJaG wmfukd ‘+ird ;f csr;f a&;ESv;kH om;’acgi;f pOfEiS hf *syefEikd if /H wdu k sKòd r@&Sd umwGe;f q&meJ@pma&;q&mu bmrsm;jcm;=uovJæ” Tokyo DomewGif azazmf0g&v D 18 &ufae@rS 26 &uftxd usi;f yjyKvyk cf yhJ g “at; at;/ ajymhygr,fu h &ifav;&,f? 'Daumif‘0vH;k ’ wdu k sKu d ae+y;D 'de;f rwf onf? rSmoGm;+y;D wkww f jyuf "g;wjyufomG ;rvky&f if+y;D wmygbæ J ” tqdkygyJGodk@ jrefrmEdkifiHtygt0if EdkifiHaygif; 23 EdkifiHrS opfcGyef;rsm;ESifh (2) ta&mif;qdik rf sm;zGiv hf pS cf +hJ y;D *syefjynfwiG ;f &Sd yef;trsK;d tpm;waomif;ausmu f kd “'Dvu kd æ GJ / yef;csq D &meJ@umwGe;f q&mu nDtud0k rf;uJaG yg?h wifv0S if;(wif) vnf; cif;usif;jyoxm;&m vma&muf=unfh±_ol av;odef;ausmfavmuf&Sd i,fpOfu umwGe;f OD;atmif&edS x f rH mS umwGe;f vmoifwmh ‘rif;[m umwGe;f q&m a=umif;vnf; od&&dS ygonf? ay;yd@k ol-apmode;f xuf yef;csq D &momjzpfr,f’qd+k y;D vdik ;f ajymif;ay;vdu k w f ,f? 'Dae@rSm emrnfausmf yef;csq D &m}u;D aygæ h ” “[kwu f hJ tefu,fæ” “wud, k af wmfu, kd t hf vkyu f , kd v f yk w f ahJ e&mrSmawmh pma&;q&m/ yef;csq D &m/ umwGe;f q&mtwlwyl gyæ J ? wcgxyfujJG yefwmu pma&;q&mawGu pum;ajym wwf=uw,f? yef;csq D &m/ umwGe;f q&mawGu pum;rajymwwfawmhu, G /f p um;ajym&if ‘xpf xpf’eJ@av? tJAsm- oDcsi;f qdjk yefawmhvnf; yef;csaD iGtek ;f (yef;csD armifaiGxeG ;f &J@nD)eJ@ pd;k 0if;&Sed w f @kd vdk rxpfjyefb;l æ” “[kwu f t hJ efu,fæ” “yef;csq D &meJ@umwGe;f q&mawG‘xpf’aewJah e&mrSm umwGe;f OD;[depf eG ;f vnf; xpf/ yef;csu D akd omif;[efvnf;xpf/ udpk w H ;kd / wifv0S if;(wif)eJ@ armifarmifou kd f vnf;xpf/ umwGe;f azode;f / umwGe;f baxG;eJ@ umwGe;f armifped w f @kd vnf; tm;vH;k xpfy?J t±kyaf wGq&GJ awmh olw@kd wawGrmS pum;ajymzd@k tcsed rf &Sb d ;l avæ” “'ge@J tefu,f/ tefu,f&@J ‘0vH;k ’ua&m ‘xpf’ao;ovm;æ” rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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jrefrmausmif;om;vli,frsm; 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d rcifrsK;d rsK;d 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udo k ef;xGËaf tmif 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udrk ;kd ndK 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udak eatmif 1000(wpfaxmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif;rSaumufcaH y;aiG rZifrmOD; 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udak ZmfxeG ;f [ef 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif;pd;k 1000(waxmif,ef;wdw)d udak tmifrif; 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udak Zmfr;kd rSaumufcaH y;aiG udak tmifvD 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udw k ;l rdik f 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udpk ;kd pH 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udrk eG yf ;D (HAU LAM MUNG)2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udjk rwfaxG; 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udu k ifyd 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udak usmaf usmo f l 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udck ifarmifoed ;f 2000(ESpaf xmif,ef;wdw)d udak Zmfr;kd 4000(av;axmif,ef;wdw)d pkpak ygi;f 56000(ig;aomif;ajcmufaxmif,ef;wdw)d

jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;'Dru kd &ufwpfwyfO;D od@k axmufyv Hh LS wef;=uolrsm;(2006/ rwfv) rd;k aomuf=u,frS aumufcaH y;aiG armifoef@ 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udpk ;kd 0if;&Sed f 5000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udo k ef;0if; 3000(ig;axmif,ef;wdw)d udn k n D v D iG f 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d udak usmaf usmEf ikd f 3000(oH;k axmif,ef;wdw)d rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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