Mtk Vol3 No1

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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em,mursm; wifr;kd (tar&du) armifpif=u,f (=opa=w;vs) armifprG ;f &nf(tar&du) wm0efcHt,f'Dwm rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,ftzJ@G om;rsm; rsufESmzHk;'DZdki ;f apmode;f (rd;k aomuf=u,f) yef;csDo±kya f zmf aX;opf/ armifatmifvD yHE k y dS f BDA Group

jzef@csda&; ud&k w J if(h em*d, k m) 080 3628 9979 0if;ay:armif(ud&k ;D ,m;) 82 1965 65712 rrif;rif;jyKH ;(tar&dum;) 1260 424 1434 aX;Edik (f e,fomvef) 31 6176 76582 pmrlrsm; ay; yd@k vdyk guT 161-0033 SHINJUKU-KU, SHIMO OCHIAI 1-11-7, OCHIAI ECO MANSION 301, TOKYO, JAPAN [email protected] [email protected] Home Page http://www.moethaukkye.com/

3

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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weoFm&Dwikd ;f / aumhaomif;òr@/ t À0g&yfuu G &f dS wdik ;f aps;}u;D Y 'DZifbm 29 &ufae@nae 5 em&D aps;ydwo f rd ;f csed w f iG f rD;pwifavmifu|r;f &m n 10 em&Da&mufrS rD;!$ef@usKd;oGm;a=umif; aumhaomif;òr@cHwOD;u ajymonf? ‚u “aps;odr;f wJt h csed jf zpfae+y?D 5 em&Dqakd wmh aps;ydw+f y;D vlawGxu G f wJt h csed rf mS avmifwm? avmifaewke;f tayguaf pmifu h wHcg;zGirhf ay;awmh rD; 0ifwm;r&awmhb;l ? waps;vH;k tm;vH;k ajymifoGm;w,f? tckxd rD;cdk;aiG@awG useaf eao;w,fæ”[k ajymonf? rD ; avmif r _ a =umif h vl t aot aysmufr&Sad omfvnf; qdik t f m;vH;k rD; avmifc&H ojzifh ypPn;f tajrmuftjrm; qH;k ±_;H oGm;a=umif; od&onf?(acwfòyif)

rGejf ynfe,ftwGi;f vlaetdrrf aqmufbx J m;aom jcaH jruGurf sm;udk oufqidk f &m &yfuu G af us;±Gm vl}u;D rsm;rS odr;f qnf;rnf[k +crd ;f ajcmufaeonf? 'DZifbm 25 &ufae@wGif rGejf ynfe,f/ rk'òkH r@ awmifbuf=umwJaG us;±GmwGif ,&uOuUX OD;pdefrS tpnf;ta0;ac:,lum aetdrfraqmufvkyf&ao;aom ajruGuyf ikd &f iS rf sm;tm; tdraf qmuf&ef ajym=um;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? “c&pPrwfae@uaygah emfæ? ±GmOuUXu tpnf;ta0;ac:w,f? vrf;r}u;D awG ab;rSm ajruGuaf wG tvGwrf xm;&bl;? tdraf qmuf&r,fw?hJ tdrrf aqmuf&if ajrodr;f r,fw?hJ usrwd@k vJ ajruGu0f ,fwm usyf ode;f 30 ausmfusw,f? tdrf aqmufz@kd ydu k q f rH &Sad o;bl;æ”[k =umwJ±G mG olwOD;u ajymonf? rk'òHk r@e,fwckv;kH rS aus;±Gmrsm;wGiv f nf; vrf;rsuEf mS pmrsm;. ab;wzuf wcsuw f iG f jcu H u G v f yfrsm;r&Sad p&bJ oGyrf ;kd xm;onfah etdrrf sm; aqmufvyk &f rnf [k trde@f xkwaf ea=umif; od&onf? tvm;wl u&ifjynfe,f/ jr0wDòr@wGiv f nf; aetdrrf sm;tm;vH;k oGyrf ;kd &rnf? rvdu k ef mygu '%f±u kd rf nf[k tm%mydik rf sm;rS trde@f xkwx f m;a=umif;vnf; od&onf? (vGwv f yfaomowif;tzJ@G rS) rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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twˆKy`wadW qmif;yg;

ordki ;f yg&*la'gufwmoef;xGe;f (armifpGrf;&nf) ordik ;f yg&*la'guw f moef;xGe;f uG,f vGefoGm;wmudk ESajrmwo0rf;enf;& a=umif; tvGr;f pmwapmifukd zwf=um; vdu k cf siyf gw,f? rEWav;wuUodkvfu t+idrf;pm;yg armuQ/ urBmausm/f jrefrmhordik ;f ynm &Sif a'guw f moef;xGe;f [m 2005 Ed0k if bm 29 &ufae@u rEWav; tr&yl&òr@/ awmiforeftif;apmif;/ OD;ynmawmif av;vH;k ausmif;rSm tarvlxak ':trm touf 90 jynfah rG;ae@udk vma&muf qifE+GJ y;D / aemufwae@ Ed0k ifbm 30 &uf/ eHeuf 2 em&DrmS ESv;kH a&m*ge@J uG,v f eG f oGm;cJ&h mS ygw,f? q&mhb0rSm q&mtvkycf siq f ;kH t vkyaf wGukd trsm;qH;k vkyo f mG ;wJah e&m [m rEWav;wuUov kd ef ,fajrrSmyJjzpf w,fv@kd qdEk ikd o f vd/k rdwaf qG&if;wynfh &if; &Jabmf&zJ uftaygi;f toif;awGe@J &,f&,fðyH;ðyH; ESvHk;arG@avsmf&mae&m [mvJ awmif o ref t if ; apmif ; u awmifav;vH;k ausmif;yJjzpfw,fv@kd us aemfw@kd &J&q J 0kd yhH gw,f? q&mtouf&iS af eao;&if tvkyf awGtrsm;}u;D qufvyk af eOD;rSm rkcsrvJG jzpfv@kd ckvkd q&mtaoapmwmudk us aemfw@kd wawG[m q&mhro d m;pke@J xyf

wlxyfr# 0rf;enf;&ayrJh q&marG@avsmf &mae&mudk q&mudk,fwdkif a±G;cs,f uG,fvGefcJhwma=umifh ajzr,fqdk ajz omao;&J@vd@k usaemfw@kd ajymwmudk w rvGefb0u q&m=um;Edkifr,fqdk&if acgi;f rmw,f toJrmw,fv@kd ausmf =um;wJq h &m[m cgwikd ;f vdk ðy;H +y;D acgi;f wndwn f w d f vkyaf erSm aocsmygw,f? rEWav;rSm usaemfw@kd wawG pmay vkyif ef;awGvyk =f u/ a&;=uc|w=f u/ ajym =ua[m=ueJ@ tm;wufoa&mjzpfae =ucsed rf mS usaemfw@kd a&Su › rm;rm;rwf rwf&yfwnfay;ol/ &Jabmf&Jbufo zG,/f i,faygi;f }u;D azmfawGyrm nDtudk &if;csmawGvkd cspcf ifpnf;vH;k vSwhJ &Jo;kH azmfuawmh ‘vlxOk ;D vS’/ rEWav;wuU odkvfygarmuQcsKyf‘OD;ausmf&if’eJ@ rEW av;wuUov kd o f rdik ;f ygarmuQ ‘a'guf wmoef;xGe;f ’wd@k yJ jzpfygw,f? q&m}u;D oH;k OD;eJ@twl ausmufx;D wEW&/ tm;uk;d ðy&olrsm;uawmh q&m }u;D ‘a±$jynfO;D bwif’/ q&mawmf‘a±$ udik ;f om;’eJ@ tar‘vlxak ':trm’wd@k jzpfygw,f? cktcg tarvlxak ':trm uvJ&G if usaemfw@kd tm;xm;&m q&mh q&m}u;D rsm;[m wOD;+y;D wOD; uG,v f eG f =u&Smyg+y?D

ta0;a&mufwynfh uAsmq&m wifr;kd u q&moef;xGe;f uG,v f eG o f mG ; wJt h cgrmS “rd;k aumif;uifu =u,fwm&mawG wyGi+hf y;D wyGiahf ºu aºuavor# tpm;xd;k vd@k r& ESajrma=uuJGrd woo”pojzifh pmzJ@G cJyh gw,f? usaemfw@kd tm;vH;k ESajrm0rf;enf;r qH;k ,lusK;H r&jzpf=u&ygw,f? q&moef;xGef;[m rEWav;Zmwd r[kwyf gb;l ? q&mhukd {&m0wDwikd ;f / i odik ;f acsmif;/ a'gi}hf u;D ±GmrSm OD;zd;k axG/ a': oifw@kd u 1923/ {+yD 6 &ufrmS arG;zGm;cJh ygw,f? q&m[m i,fpOfu Edik if aH &;vkycf hJ oljzpfygw,f? iodik ;f acsmif;òr@e,f zqy vOuUÏ/ ppf+yD;p &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ AuoOuUÏ/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDawmcdkcsdeftxd uGejf rLepfygwaD cgi;f aqmifpojzifh wm 0efawG,lcJhygw,f? onfaemuf/ pm zwf/ pma&;/ okawoetvkyaf wGukd r em;wrf;vkycf &hJ mrSm touf 83 ESpt f ±G,/f q&muG,v f eG cf sed t f xd wae@ 14 em&Dr# ae@pOftvkyv f yk cf yhJ gw,f? Arm jynfu ynm&Siaf vmurSm pmtzwf qH;k eJ@ okawoetvkyq f ;kH jzpfv@kd q&mh wynfah wGu q&mhwynfjh zpf&wmudk txl;*k%, f =l uygw,f? ynm&Sit f aeeJ@ xrf;aqmifcw hJ w hJ m 0efawGuawmh Adkvfae0if;ydwfqdk@&yf qdkif;ypfcJhwJh jrefrmEdkifiHokawoet oif ; *sme,f J BRS t,f ' D w m/ a&S ; a[mif;okawoetoif;wnfaxmifo/l rEWav;wuUov kd o f rdik ;f ygarmuQ/ *syef/ t*Fvef/ tar&duefwuUov kd }f u;D awG rSm ordkif;ygarmuQ/ jrefrmordkif;Xme rsm;&J@ *k%fxl;aqmifygarmuQpojzifh jzpfwt hJ jyif txufArmEdik if H pma&;q &mtoif ; &J @ xm0&em,u}uD ; vJ jzpfygw,f? q&m[m pmrsK;d pHzk wf&if; wcsK› 0d wˆK awGudk bmomjyefavhusifhcef;tjzpf tptqH;k bmomjyefcw hJ mawG trsm; }u;D &Syd gw,f? okawoeðy+y;D jrefrmvdk a&;cJo h r#uv kd J ud, k w f ikd af &;wJph mawG udyk gru/ wynfah wGe@J vkyaf zmfuikd zf uf awGa&;wJph mawGuv kd J t*Fvyd v f kd bm

rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

omjyefygw,f? a&;om;xkwaf 0xm;wJh pmtkyaf wG vJ trsm;}u;D &Sw d t hJ jyif ‘uGeo f m,m’ pmtkyfwdkuftrnfeJ@ udk,fwdkifquf vufxw k af 0r,hf pmtkyaf wGvJ trsm; }u;D &Syd gw,f? uGeo f m,mqdw k myk*aH cwfausmuf pmxJupmvH;k yg? omom,m,muGe;f cdk p&mtdro f m,mvd@k t"dym` ,f&ygw,f? rEWav;wuUodkvfrSm q&maewJhtdrf udk ‘uGeo f m,m’vd@k pmwef;a&;xm; wmudk axmufvrS ;f a&;u ‘uGejf rLepf &dyo f m’vd@k t"dym` ,faumuf+y;D txl; axmufvrS ;f pHpk rf;wmudk cHc&hJ zl;ygw,f? q&mu bJ@G vufrw S &f w,fqw kd m oloif,rl w S o f m;cJw h hJ pmayawG/ tod ynmawGudk tajccH+yD; a&S›udktvkyf qufvkyfzdk@jzpfw,fvdk@ ,lqygw,f? wuUodkvfq&mawG[m oufqdkif&m bmom&yfawGrSm okawoevkyf+yD; ausmif;om;awGukd oif=um;yd@k csay;& r,fv@kd ajymavh&ydS gw,f? ckacwfrmS yg armuQawG[m '&0rf*w d af pmifyh J vkyf ae=u&vd@k ynma&;wd;k wufrmS r[kwf bl;vd@k vJ rSwcf suaf y;chyJ gw,f? q&m[m rSew f mvkyf [kww f majym avh&o dS t l jzpfvJ xif&mS ;ygw,f? rif;vdk vdu k f rif;óuufvyk af vhr&Sw d hJ ynm&Sif yDool/ a,mrif;}u;D vdyk *k Kd~ vrf sK;d vJjzpf ygw,f? om"utjzpf wckavmufajym& &if Adkvfcif!$ef@wa,muf qifjzLw aumifaumuf&vd@k txl;0rf;ajrmufae wJt h cg wcsK› o d rdik ;f ynm&Siaf wGu a0 oEW&mrif;}uD;&J@ ypP,qifjzLawmfu p+y;D jrefrmrif;tqufqufrmS qifjzL &Sib f @GJ cHcw hJ hJ bk&ifawGe@J qifjzLawG&@J t a=umif;awGukd azmfxw k *f % k w f if a&; om;wifqufc=hJ uygw,f? q&mhudkar;awmh “qifjzLjzpfjzpf qifrjJ zpfjzpf qif[m wd&p>mefy/J wd& p>mefukd vlu&Sprf cd;k tyfb;l æ”vd@k bGi;f bGi;f }u;D ajymcsvu kd yf gw,f? q&mt+idrf;pm;,l+yD; qufvkyfae wmu ol@wynf‘h a':eDejD rif’h !$ecf sKyf tjzpftkyfcsKyfwJh wuUodkvfordkif;ok awoeÏmerSmjh zpfygw,f? wzufpmrsufEmS od@k «

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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uAsm

a*gwra& rjyefaveJ‹ atmifjcif;ud;k yg; t˜ygayh wifr;kd &,f ausmufqif;wk ud, k af wmfukd 'Du tusK;d ta=umif; ukepf ifatmif av#mufxm;+y;D rS rjyefaveJ@vdk@ rif;wm;vd@k &rwJv h m;æ? &Siaf wmfb&k m;u t,kwq f ;kH t±dik ;f qH;k qd&k if csujf cif;awG@/ &atmifc|wf atmifjcif;ud;k yg; vmr,fav rif;rrDrmS igp;kd w,fæ? ?

a'guw f moef;xGe;f jrefrmEdik if H ordik ;f ynm&Si}f u;D a'guw f moef;xGe;f u vlxu k Asmq&m}u;D wifr;kd tar&duefEikd if u H ae a&;om;xkwaf 0vdu k w f hJ ‘Ak'e< @J awG@qHjk cif;’uAsmudk zwf±+_ y;D a&;om;vdu k w f u hJ Asmjzpfygw,f? tqdyk guAsmudk *syefEikd if x H w k f ‘a±$armfueG ;f r*~Zif;’ trSwf 37 rS ul;,lazmfjyjcif;jzpfygw,f? q&mwifr;kd &J@ ‘Ak'e< @J awG@qHjk cif;’uAsmudkvJ pmzwfolrsm; ESpfoufoabmus rnf[k ,lqaoma=umifh jyefvnfcpH m;Edik af tmif yl;wJaG zmfjyvku d yf gw,f?

a':eDeDjrifhqdkwm trsm;od=uwJht wdkif; AdkvfcsKyfae0if;&J@ZeD;wOD;jzpfvdk@ AdkvfcsKyfuawmf/ tm%m&Sifuawmf jzpfygw,f? &efukefwuUodkvf tr& aqmifav;xyf&@J ta&SO› ;D zsm;tcef;rSm/ ol@tcef;rSmyJ aumaZmcif;+y;D avat; pufwyfaeygw,f? wae@awmh ajrnDxyfrSmaewJh ol@ q&ma'guw f moef;xGe;f udk “igawG@csif w,f/ igq h aD c:cJæ h ”vd@k ol@wynfh q&m rav;wOD;udk tac:v$wv f u kd yf gw,f? q&mu bmajymw,frSwfovJ? “ighae&moloo d m;yJ/ olawG@csif&if ig qD v maygh æ ”vd k @ ajymv$ w f v d k u f ygw,f? q&mu tJ'v D ykd *k Kd~ vrf sK;d yg? tJovdk rma=umwJyh *k Kd~ vjf zpfayr,hf ol@udk nDt &if;vdk csicf iftm;ay;apmifah &SmufwhJ vl xkOD;vSta=umif;udk ajym=u+yDvm; qdk&if tarvlxka':trm&J@ t&ifOD; atmif rsu&f nfrxde;f Edik jf zpf&ol[m q &moef;xGe;f yJjzpfygw,f?

q&m[m awmiforeftif;apmif; rSm vlxOk ;D vStxdr;f trSwf ‘r,fZ,f yif’eJ@ ol@&Jabmf/ rEWav;wuUodkvf ausmif;om;or*~OuUÏ ‘udak pmvGi’f t wGuf txdr;f trSwrf ,fZifyif wyifpD pdu k cf yhJ gw,f? q&m&J@ b0aemufqHk;tcsdefrSm 'D r,fZ,fwef;&J@+idrf;csrf;ajrrSm tarvl xka':trmudk *k%fjyKpum;ajym=um; &if; csK;d iSurf sm;udv k w $ +f y;D +ird ;f csr;f a&; qENukd azmfxw k cf yhJ gw,f? awmifav; vH;k e,fajrrSm ‘oef;xGe;f r,fZ,fyif’qdk wJt h rnfrsK;d urŠn;f xd;k +y;D tarvlxk a':trm/ q&muawmfrr&Dwdk@eJ@ w ynfo h m;ajr;awGu r,fZ,fyiftopf wyif pdu k =f u&r,fxifygw,f? q&mv$wfcJhwJh csKd;iSufuav;awG [m q&mpdu k cf w hJ hJ r,fZ,fyif/ r,fZ,f udik ;f wd@k rSm +ird ;f +ird ;f csr;f csr;f ab;roef;yJ pHjref;yso H ef;Edik =f uygapownf;? usaemfarmifprG ;f &nfyg? S

Ak'<ESifh awG‹qHkjcif; wifrdk; bmr[kwf nmr[kwef @J igA'k b < &k m;udak wmifrS a&S;a[mif;ypPn;f awGt=um;rSm a&mif;pm;cH& pD;yGm;a&;rsupf d pl;&SwhJ 'Dvdk Oa&myrSm rif;u bmvmvkyo f vJv@kd Ak'u < ar;awmfrw l ,f? ud, k af wmfrodv@kd aemf ud, k af wmfom jrefrmEdik if rH mS &S&d if ylaZrdtrsK;d rsK;d eJ@ &Scd ;kd cH&rSmawmh trSeyf gy?J 'gayr,fh rrSew f mawGajym/ rrSew f mawGa[mae& uf, k af wmfa&m Aka'
rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

ppfwyfqw kd m jynfou l t kd Edik u f sizhf @kd ajr‡mufyifhtm;ay; "m;aoG;cdik ;f xm;wJh t±dik ;f rsm;&J@cdv k &H_ m Adv k w f umwd@k &J@ bk&ifygb&k m;æ? Adv k af e0if;ppfwyfqw kd m ypfcwfzdk@eJ@ npfywfz@kd yJow d mr[kwv f m;? jynfoal wGuawmh wufwufrGJ &[ef;aumif;awGu cGuv f ufpGJ 'if;wd@k awGu obufo&J vufeufyJ t"du vufeufyJ y"me vufeufp;kd rd;k wJh ppf0g'yg? ud, k af wmht f zd@k uawmh Oa&my plygrm;uwfrmS +ird o f ufpmG pHyg` ,w f murS tEW&m,fcyford ;f uif;aysmuf+ird ;f +y;D ode;f oef;ru wefz;kd wuf Ak'< Ak'
Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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e,fomvefEikd if o H wif;

OD;0if;wifvGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ e,fomvefEdkifiHwGif usif;yjyKvkyf 'DZifbm 10 &ufae@wGiu f sa&mufonhf Edik if w H umvl@tcGit hf a&;ae@txdr;f trSwt f jzpf e,fomvefEikd if t H ajcpdu k f Edik if w H umvGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGit hf zJ@G cJrG v S nf; e,fomvefEikd if /H Amsterdamòr@&Sd ‚wd@k ±H;k taqmuftODEiS hf e,fomvefEikd if H ajrmufzufq;kH usaom Groningenòr@&Sd Openbare Library Scholtens Wristers Bookstore, Godert Waller BookstoreESihf Boomker Bookstorewd@k Y pnfum;odu k òf rufpmG usi;f ycJo h nf? tqdyk gae@wGif jrefrmEdik if rH S owif;pmq&m}u;D OD;0if;wifEiS t hf wl usL;bm;Edik if rH (S Jose En Lijis Ferrer)/ w±kwEf ikd if rH (S Hada)/ qD;&D;,m;Edik if rH (S Haythem Al-HamwiESifh Nikolaj Statkevich)/ ql'efEdkifiHrS(Mohammed Abbou)tygt0if wle;D &Sm;/ wm*spef pPwefEiS hf yD±;l Edik if rH sm;Y tusO;f uscaH e&aom owif;pmq&m(10)OD;.ta=umif;udk ajym=um;&Si;f vif;um/ ‚wd@k vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf awmif;qdv k maompm±Guaf y:ESihf owif;pmq&m(10)OD;yHk ydwjf zLay: Y 0dik ;f 0ef;vufrw S x f m;=uonf? wufa&mufvmonfh 'kw, d òr@awmftyk cf sKyaf &;t&m&S/d Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;/ todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sirf sm;/ pma&;q&m uAsmq&mrsm;/ owif;axmufrsm;/ owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh òr@olòr@om;rsm;rS vl@tcGifhta&;ta=umif;/ owif;pmq&m(10)OD;ta=umif;wdk@udk ajym=um;+yD;vsif tm;vHk;u jrefrmEdik if o H wif;pmq&m}u;D OD;0if;wifvw G af jrmufa&;twGuf atmufygtwdik ;f qENjyKawmif;qd=k uonf? 1)Our good wishes, for now and the future are with you. 2)Do not loose hope. 3)Our greatest desire, freedom for you. 4)U Win Tin We hope for your release. 5)Not only today, we think of you. ae@v,fyikd ;f wGif 'Dru kd &ufwpfjrefrmhtoH (DVB)rS

udck ifarmif0if;/ udak usmaf usmo f ef;ESihf roif;oD&w d @kd vnf; a&muf&v dS m=u+y;D / roif;oD&rd S OD;0if;wif. use;f rma&; tajctae/ OD;0if;wif(1954 rS 1957)xd Amsterdam òr@Y owif;pmynmoif,&l if; aexdik cf ahJ =umif;ESihf q&mOD; 0if;wifvw G af jrmufa&;twGuf óu;yrf;ay;wmudk *k%, f l av;pm;a=umif;/ OD;0if;wifrmS axmif'%fuscaH ewm (16) ESpaf usm+f y;D jzpfv@kd tckvókd u;yrf;aewmudk odciG &hf r,fq&kd if 0rf;omrSmjzpfa=umif; ajym=um;oGm;ygonf? tqdyk gtcrf; Groningenòr@tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sd Mr.Koninginu OD;0if;wifta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifh tusOf;uscHae&yHkudk tem;udk Boomker bookstorewd@k rSwqifh wdu k ±f u kd f zwf=um;aepOf(0J)ESihf Scholtens Wristers Bookstore twGi;f Y Mr. Willem Smink(Vice-mayor hf a&; ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm;vGwaf jrmufa&;udk ajym=um;aeyH(k ,m) tar;tajzðyvkyf+yD; OOG Raidio& TW RTV of Groningen)u vl@tcGit NoordrS toHxw k v f i$ ahf y;cJyh gonf? (ay;yd@k ol? ? aX;Edik f MTK-e,fomvef)

awmfvSefa&;usm; Útaræ ab;pum;rsm; r,Hv k u dk ef @J awG;um;&ifrmS ;vdræ hf Útarh&@J om; tar@&J@aoG; &J&ifw h ahJ oG; &J&ifw h ahJ wmfveS af &;eJ@ c0gcsrhJ aoG;eJ@ac|; Ú&J&eJ D cGyaf 'gi;f tvH wdu k yf 0GJ if &Jpw d rf mef psmef0ifv@kd cGyw f [ hJ ef &J0v hH @kd pdwºf um; olrwl waumifbmG ; usm;&Jqrkd u S sm;æ

armif rd;k ndK rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal *syefjynfwiG ;f v+y&f mS ;r+owif;rsm;

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,cif IIdabashiwGif zGiv hf pS cf ahJ om JAR(Japanese Assiociation for hf pS yf GJ Refugee). ±k;H cef;ae&mopf zGiv tm%mykid af wG&@J t"rRvyk t f m;ay; apckid ;f r_udk uk, d u f sK;d rzufyJ owW&d &dS dS wGe;f vSecf w hJ hJ rpkpak EG;ukd rw&m;zrf;;qD; axmifcscv hJ @dk axmif'%f 1 ESpf 8 v usccH &hJ ygw,f? olr&J@ &J&ifw h phJ w d "f mwf eJ@ uk, d u f sK;d pGe@f tepfemcHru _ dk av;pm; *k%jf yKwt hJ aeeJ@ jynfwiG ;f rSma&m jynf yrSmyg tvSLaiGawG qufwu dk af umuf cHvLS wef;cJ=h uygw,f? ,ckvdk vSLwef;=uolawGxrJ mS *syef Ekid if &H dS jrefrmh'rD u dk a&pDa&;v_y&f mS ;aewJh olrsm;uyg tvSLaiGawG aumufcx H nfh 0ifv#uf&Sd+yD;/ &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (jynfy)*syef/ (Araken League for Democracy)uvnf; rpkpak EG;twGuf tvSLaiGay;tyfyGJ tcrf;tem;wckukd 'D Z if b m 18 &uf a e@u MINAMI OTSUKAwGiu f si;f yjyKvyk o f mG ;cJyh gonf? tcrf;tem;wGif ALDrS r=uL=uL 0if;u tv_aiGay;tyf&jcif;ESifhyuf oufI &Si;f vif;ajym=um;oGm;+y;D / ALD

&J@OuUXjzpfol OD;aZmfrif;ckid rf S rpkpak EG; twGuf tv_aiGaumufcv H #u&f o dS nfh tzG@J rS wm0ef&o dS w l OD;jzpfwhJ rav;av; ukd *syef,e;faiG 40000 wdwd ay;tyf v_wef;chyJ gonf? tv_aiGay;tyfyo JG @kd &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pD tzG@J 0ifrsm;/ zdw=f um;xm;olrsm; wuf a&mufc=hJ u+y;D / *syefEikd if o H @kd acwWa&muf &Sad eaom &[efysKrd sm;or*~OuUX &Siaf c rmpm&uyg wufa&mufcs;D jri‡ chf o hJ nf? ,cktcsdefxd aumufcH&&SdaiGaygif; rSm 150700 ,ef; jzpf+y;D tqdyk gaiGtm; vHk;udk trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf vlrt _ axmuftuljyK tzG@J rSwqifh ay; tyfv_wef;oGm;rnfjzpf+yD; qufvuf vSLwef;vdyk gu- 090 9800 6886/ 090 4964 9718/ 090 3527 7320/ 090 8500 1642/ 090 4924 2906/ 090 1826 0664/ 090 4527 2240 rsm;od@k qufo, G v f LS wef;Edik yf gonf? ausmfEikd (f MTK)

ESihf vlo;kH ukeyf pPn;f rsm;udk vufaqmif tjzpf xyfraH y;cJyh gonf? JARtzJ@G onf *syefEi kd if &H dS UNHCR . vufatmufct H zJ@G wckjzpf+y;D *syeft pd;k &xHwiG f 'kuo Q nftjzpf av#mufxm; olrsm;. ta&;udprP sm;twGuf ulnD aqmif±u G af y;vsu&f o dS nf? ae&mopfvyd pf mrSm-

tcrf;tem;udk 'DZifbm 18 &ufae@/ ae@vnf 1 em&DrS nae 5 em&Dtxd ae&mopfjzpfaom Shibuyac±dik /f Sa kura ShinmachiblwmteD;&Sd ‚wd@k .ae&mtopfwiG f usi;f yjyKvyk cf o hJ nf? 2-11-5, xdyk o GJ @kd zdw=f um;xm;aom *syefEikd f Sakura Shinmachi, iH&Sd 'kuQonfrsm;ESifh/ 'kuQonftjzpf Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. av#mufxm;olrsm;vnf; wufa&mufchJ Tel: 03 5451 5051 =u+y;D tpm;taomufrsm;/ bif*u kd pm; Fax: 03 5451 5052 enf;rsm;jzifh {nfch u H m tpm;taomuf *srf;(MTK)

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

*syefEikd if aH &muf jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d rsm;pkaygi;f I X'masyJaG wmfEiS hf "rR aw;oDq*kd % k jf yKyt GJ crf;tem;wcktm; ‘jrefrmwdik ;f &if;om;aygi;f pHk c&pf,mef rdwfo[mtoif;’bk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif; wGif 'DZifbmv 18 &uf nae 3 em&DrS n 7 em&Dtxd usi;f ycJyh gonf? tqdyk gyaGJ wmfwiG f c&pfawmf. arG; ae@udók uqdak omoDcsi;f rsm;/ aumif;cs;D pum;rsm;ajym=um;um c&pf p rwf vufaqmifypPn;f rsm; tjyeftvSev f J vS,jf cif;rsm;udv k nf; aysm±f iG pf mG jyKvyk f cJ=h uonf? awmom;}u;D (MTK)

10

bmvdkvdkeJ@ 2005 ckESpf}uD;vnf; ukeo f mG ;ygyaum? 'DESpfxJrSm bmawGjzpfcJhovJ jyef =unfh&if ‘jzpf’wmawGu tvGefrsm; avawmh b,f[mu ta&;ygrSef;/ b,f[mu ta&;rygreS ;f awmif cGjJ cm; zd@k cufvrd rhf ,fxifyg&?hJ urBmrh 'D , D mawG&hJ xk;H pHtwkid ;f w ESpfwmtwGif; ta&;ygtxl;jcm;qkH; ‘awmhyw f ef;’ pm&if;awGvnf; xGuf vmae=uwmawG@&yg+yD? 'Dvdkpm&if; awG jyKpkwJhtcg xkH;pHrysuf&atmif ud, k ef @J eD;pyfwhJ udpaP v;awGukd omom xk;d xd;k a&G;cs,v f u kd zf @kd vnf; rarhravsmh =uwm awG@&yg&?hJ jynfyrD'D,mawG&Jh a±G;cs,fcsufeJ@ etzrD', D m&Jh a&G;cs,cf suaf wGukd ,SOf =unfhcsifpdwfawmif aygufrdygw,f? jynf y rD ' D , mawG u uk v vk H j cH K a&; aumifprD mS jrefrmhta&; aqG;aEG;jzpf=u wmudk xdyw f ef;owif;tjzpf a±G;cs,f &if/ etzrD', D mu anmifEpS yf ifnv D m cH}u;D jyefusi;f ywmudk xdyw f ef;tjzpf a±G;cs,rf ,fxifyg&?hJ jynfyrD', D mawGu a':atmifqef; pk=unf touf 60 jynfah rG;ae@udk w urBmvk;H u *k%jf yKusi;f yku H kd tus,f jyef@qk;H vlxv k y_ &f mS ;r_v@kd owfrw S cf sed f rSm etzrD', D mu =uzhH @HG &Jh tzsuo f rm; qef@usifa&;pnf;a0;yGJudk tm;yg;w& cs;D rGr;f r,fxifyg&?hJ tJovdk pOf=unfv h u kd &f if etzrD'D ,meJ@ jynfyrD', D mawG[m jy'g;wvrf; oHwvrf;tjzpfe@J ajzmifah jzmif}h u;D qef@ usiaf ewmudk awG@&Edik yf gw,f? rD', D m ESpcf k ajzmifah jzmif}h u;D qef@usiaf ew,f qdw k mudu k olw@kd aemufu y&dowf }u;D ESpcf v k nf; vk;H 0ajzmifah jzmif}h u;D qef@ usiaf ew,fqw kd o hJ abmyJ r[kwaf y bl;vm;? “tr,f- 'grsm; rif;rajymvnf; vl wdik ;f odae=uwmygæ”vd@k ud}k u;D ay:udk tjypfwifr,fqv kd J wifygava&mh? vl wdik ;f odae=uwJh ta=umif;xJuyJ awG; rdwmav;udk ajymcsiv f @kd yg? etzAdv k cf sKy}f u;D awGe@J olw@kd &Jyh gw empD;yGm;a&;orm;awG [m jrefrmEdik if H wckvkH;udk csKyfudkifxm;+yD; vkyfcsif&m vkyaf e=uwm[m jynfov l x l k oabm

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qENeJ@ vkH;vkH;qef@usifzDvmjzpfae=u wmyg? bma=umifh qef@usizf v D mjzpf ae&ovJqw kd hJ ta=umif;&if;ud&k mS &if etz&Jh vky&f yfawG[m jynfov l x l t k usdK;twGufr[kwfbJ olwdk@tusdK;t wGuyf J jzpfaevd@k qdw k hJ tajzudk &rSmyg? [kwo f ayg?h wdik ;f jynftm%mudk &,l xm;+y;D jynfo@l tusKd ;twGurf vky&f if jynfou l b,f}uKd uEf ikd yf grh vJ? Edk@- AdkvfcsKyf}uD;awGu olwdk@t wGuf vkyfaewmygvdk@ b,frSmajym xm;vd@k vJ/ Edik if aH wmftwGuf vkyaf e wmyg vd@k ajymaewmr[kwb f ;l vm;/ rif;u bmapm'u wufae&wmvJ vd@k ra[mufvu kd yf ge@J cifAsm? ud}k u;D ay:u &rf;ajymaewm r[kwf ygb;l ? a[m'D urBm}u;D ay:rSmav ‘ig wd@k twGuf vkyaf ewmuG’vd@k ajymwJh tpd;k &rsm;&Scd &hJ if ud}k u;D ay:udk qGx J w k f jyprf ; yg? ord k i f ; wav#muf r S m w a,mufavmufrsm;awG@vdu k cf sif prf;yg bd? aemuf+y;D vmvwW@H aom tpd;k & awGxrJ mS &SEd ikd w f ,fq&kd ifvnf; }uKd wif a[mude;f av; ay;vdu k =f uprf;yg? +y;D awmh Edik if aH wmftwGuf wdik ;f jynf twGuf jynfot l wGuv f @kd ajymae=u wJh tpd;k &rif;rsm;tm;vk;H xJrmS ‘ud, k t hf usK;d twGuf vk;H 0rvky’f wJh tpd;k &rsm;&Sd &if ud}k u;D ay:udk vufw@kd jyprf;yg? rao cifav; jrifoGm;csifvdk@yg? Adv k cf sKy}f u;D awG ajymaewmawGukd awmh ud}k u;D ay:u ay,smvuefxm; vdu k cf siyf gw,f? olw@kd vkyw f mawGukd yJ =unfo h ifw h ,fv@kd xifygw,f? olw@kd vkyw f mawGu=kd unf&h if olw@kd b,fvkd awG;w,fqw kd m odEikd w f mayg?h olw@kd awG;wmudo k &d if olw@kd &Jh tod^m%ft qifu h kd tuJjzwfv@kd &Edik w f mayg?h etzAk d v f c sKyf } uD ; awG & J h vk y f y k H awG;ykHudk =unfhvdkufawmh udk}uD;ay: i,fi,fu zwfcJhzl;wJh ykHjyifwyk’fudk oGm;owd& rdygw,f? wcgwkef;u ±Gmw±GmrSm ‘ynm&Sd

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wifr;kd 19/ 12/ 2005

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

14

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

15

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

16

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

18

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( Refers & Quoted from : Japan Times & Yahoo News )

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Moe Thauk Kye Journal

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tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; oifw h ef;pDae+y;D jzpfaom um;wef;}u;D wae&mwGif ae&m0if,v l u dk af vonf? vrf;c&D;wm0efcw H yf=uyf}u;D wOD;onf wef;pDxm;aomum;wef;rS um;ta& twGupf m&if;ukd a&;rSw, f al eonf? c%=umv#if c&mr_wo f EH iS t hf wl um;wef; &Sn}f u;D onf pwifa±G@vsm;vmavonf? qufom;trsK;d orD;. ajymjycsut f & wyf&if;rSL;.um;onf um;wef;.a&Sw › iG yf gvmonf? xkad e@u um;wef;wGiyf g vmaom um;pD;a&aygi;f onf um;}u;D um;i,fppk ak ygi;f ESpq f ,fausmcf ef@&Srd nf [k usaemfxifonf? bm;tH+rKd @txGu*f w d q f o D @dk eD;uyfvmv#if um;toGm;E_e;f onf +rKd @wGi;f t oGm;E_e;f xuf jrefvmonf? qufom;trsK;d orD;ajymjyxm;I odxm;onfrmS aemufq;kH jzpfaom axmufvrS ;f a&;*dwu f dk ausmjf zwf+y;D rSom bm;tH+h rKd @jyifbuf ok@d a&mufrnfjzpfonf? TwGif &ifx&J dS pk;d &draf =umifu h sra_ 0'emu wpfq@dk qk@d }u;D jzpfaeqJjzpfonf? ok@d &mwGif tawG@t=uKH Om%fynmwk@d jzifh }uKd wifppD Ofxm; aoma=umifh usaemfw@dk um;uav; bm;tH+h rKd @jyiftxGuf axmufvrS ;f a&;*dwo f @dk a&mufvmv#if tjcm;aomum;rsm;tm; &yfwef@ckid ;f aomfvnf; usaemfw@dk um; ukrd l Ttwkid ;f oGm;cGijhf yKvu dk o f nf? xkad e@u wm0efusppfom;&Jabmfav;onf usaemfw@dk . ppfom;'g±u dk b f m}u;D ukyd if vdu _ v f pJS mG E_wq f ufvu dk &f mS ao;onf? omrnawmifq&mawmf usaemfw@kd . vlp;D ukew f ifum;uav;onf bm;th*H w d t f xGuYf &yfwef@ay; jcif;rcH&aoma=umifh ZGu J yifawmif}u;D ESit hf wl a&Sr› aS eI t+yKd iaf jy;aeavonf? usaemfonf =uufoeG t f w d af y:wGif roufromvku d yf g&if; twdww f iG &f cdS ahJ om u&ifjynfe,fEiS yhf ufoufonft h a=umif;t&mrsm;ukd jyefvnfjrifa,mifro d nf? 1960ckEpS w f iG jf zpfonf? bm;tHòh r@wGif u&iftrsK;d om;,Ofaus;r_azmfxw k af &; nDvmcHw&yfuu dk si;f ycJo h nf? xkpd Ofu usaemfonf {&m0wDwidk ;f / yJc;l wkid ;f / &efuek w f idk ;f uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESit hf wl oD;oef@rD;&xm;wGjJ zifh &efuek rf S rkwrW txd vmcJo h nf(oxH-k +rKd iu f av;vrf;um; rayguaf o;acs)? armfv+rKd it f a&mufwiG f armfv+rKd i&f dS u&ifjynfe,ftpk;d &{nfah *[mwGif wnf;ck=d u&onf? aemufwae@ wGif armfv+rKd irf S bm;tHo h mG ; {&m0wDEpS x f yfoabFmjzifh oHviG jf rpfa=umif;twkid ;f bm;tHo h dk v h m&onf? Tc&D;onf usaemft h zkd o h v H iG jf rpf}u;D tm; yxrqH;k awG@ bl;jrifb;l jcif;yifjzpfavonf?

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rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

22

tcef;qufu, dk af wG‹aqmif;yg; awmifonf ra0;vSacs? rdepfo;kH av;q,fcef@armif;v#if omrnawmifajct 0ifpjzpfaom ajrnDvrf;uav;ok@d a&mufvmonf? ,if;vrf;um; tdEKN bufrS t0ifvrf;jzpfonf? aumhu&dwb f ufrS t0iftxGuv f rf;rl omrnawmif. awmifausmwzufwiG &f o dS nf? tdEKN EiS hf aumhu&dwb f uft0iftxGuv f rf;ESpf zufpvH;k rSmyif vrf;wavsmufY q&mawmftm; trSjD yKvsuf +rKd @uav;w+rKd @yrm tdraf jc,majcrsm; wd;k wufrsm;jym;vmum pnfum;aeavonf? usaemfw@dk omrnawmifo@dk a&mufomG ;csed o f nf ae@vnf oH;k em&Dyif&adS eav onf? ok@d &mwGif q&mawmftm; vma&mufz;l ar#maf om {nfyh &dowfrsm;tm; tdr&f iS 'f um'umrrsm;u apwemxufoefpmG jzifh au|;arG;{nfch aH eqJjzpfav onf? usaemfw@dk tzk@d eHeufpmukd bm;tHw h iG pf m;cJI h vBu&f nfEiS hf rke@f tcsKu d dk tdEKN wiG pf m;aomufc+hJ y;D jzpfI tvSL&SiEf iS hf tdr&f iS rf sm;tm; eHeufpmrpm;vkad wmh a=umif; awmif;yefpum;ajym&avonf?

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orkid ;f uku d m; a&S;rqGuyif usaemfox d m;+y;D jzpfavonf? txl;ojzifh q&m ,k'oef(a'guw f m*spq f if)onf ,if;.omoemXmecsKyt f m; Ekid if aH &;ESihf ppfa&; a=umifh &efuek rf S usKu d r< ED iS hf armfv+rKd io f @dk ajymif;a±$@vm+y;D aemufY usKu d r< /D armfv+rKd irf w S qifh ,if;*sKid ;f jrpfuq dk efI v_id ;f bG@J +rKd @e,ftwGi;f okd ch ufcufccJ jJ zifh av;acguw f w d ad &mufcb hJ ;l a=umif; usaemf. ‘,k'oefEiS jhf refrma±$jynf’ pmrlY azmfjyxm;.? xkpd Ofu pmaypdppfa&;upma&;olonfc&pf,mefr[kw[ f al om ta=umif;jycsujf zifyh ,fcsypfco hJ nf? ok@d jzifh ,k'oefEiS jhf refrma&$jynfonf pmtkyt f jzpfxu G rf vmEkid af wmhacs? *sKid ;f jrpf[lIac:xGifaomfvnf; *sKdif;jrpfonf [email protected]&$avmif;acsmif;r#om us,fonf? *sKdif;jrpf.xl;jcm;r_onf u&ifjynfe,fv_dif;bGJ@+rdK he,ftwGif;okd@ pD;0ifomG ;+y;D aemuf aumhu&dw+f rKd @e,f/ usK'H ;dk teD;ok@d a&mufjyefaomtcg wzef twW&jH rpftwGi;f rS oHviG jf rpftwGi;f ok@d pD;0ifomG ;jyefavonf? ul;wk@d z,f&o D nf usaemfw@kd um;uav;tm; q,fah v;ig;rdepftwGi;f Y w bufurf;ok@d yk@d aqmifay;Ekid v f u dk af vonf? ok@d &mwGif wk, d w dk mum;uav; onf z,f&aD y:rS urf;ay:ok@d twufwiG f z,f&o D aH ygijf zifh cku d rf o d mG ;aoma=umifh um;OD;ykid ;f rSbefygrmS acguo f mG ;avawmhonf? TwGif *sKid ;f jrpfta&Sb › ufurf; (aumhu&dw+f rKd @e,f)ta&mufY ppfwyfEiS &hf w J yfpEk pS pf t k m; rar#mv f ifb h J bGm;ueJ awG@jrifvu kd &f jyefavonf? ppfom;tcsK› o d nf um;vrf;ab;ESihf opfyifatmuf wGix f idk af e=uI tcsK› o d nfxrif;qkid Ef iS v hf u B &f nfqidk rf sm;wGif xkid af e=uonf? t a=umif ; uk d p H k p rf ; =unf h a omtcgusaemf w k d @ um;onf *sKd i f ; qd y f o k d @ OD;pGma&mufEiS ahf e+y;D wyf&if;rSL;um;a&mufrvmao;I *sKid ;f jrpfta&Sb › ufurf; wGif wyf&if;rSL;.vHk jcKH a&;twGuf aumhu&dw&f dS ppfwyfEiS &hf w J yfpEk pS pf u k vm a&mufapmifah ejcif;jzpfa=umif; od&avonf? TwGif usaemf.rsuEf mS ukd a&SmifvzJ$ ;kH uG,I f r&awmhacs? ajy;csipf w d af yguf aeaomfvnf; ajy;ayguu f r&Sad wmh? um;q&monf csK› id 0f ifomG ;aombefygudk txl;}uKd ;pm;Ijyifqifaeavonf? jyifqifI+y;D onfEiS hf tjrefq;kH jyefxu G rf nf jzpfa=umif;ukv d nf; qufom;trsK;d orD;u tm;wH@k tm;empGmjzifh usaemfu h adk jym vmonf? usaemfonf ajymifwvif;acgiw f iG f xD;xD;ESix hf if;xif;aejcif;xuf a&ma&maESmaESmaeonfrmS zH;k uG,jf cif;wrsK;d jzpfEidk o f nfudk oabmayguo f nf? ppfom;rsm;xkid af eaom xrif;qkid x f w J iG f a&maESmxdik af evku d +f y;D xrif;wyGu J dk rpm;csipf m;csijf zifh rSmpm;&avonf? Tok@d jzifh aemufxyfem&D0ufcef@=umv#if [kx d o k nf±u kd jf zifh csKid 0hf ifomG ;aombefygonf jyefvnfaumif;rGeo f mG ;avonf? um;q&monf a&pyfwiG &f adS eaom ol@um;ukd vrf;ray:ok@d armif;wifvm onf? usaemfwkd@om;tzvnf; cyfjrefjrefyif um;ay:okd@wufvdkuf=uonf? usaemfw@dk um;uav;onf *sKid ;f jrpfta&Sb › ufurf;rS xGucf gG vmonfw h idk af tmif wyf&if;rSL;.um;onf *sKid ;f jrpftaemufbufurf; ul;wd@k qdyo f @dk a&mufIrvm ao;acs? aumhu&dwo f @kd a&mufcsed w f iG f nae 5 em&Dx;dk av+y?D ok@d &mwGif xdak e@u aeomaoma=umifh usaemfq h ufom;trsK;d orD;tzd@k olwm0ef,I l aqmif±u G &f

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23

Moe Thauk Kye Journal tar;tajzu¾

onfv h yk if ef;twGuf tcuftcJr&Sv d aS cs? um;q&monf aumhu&dw+f rKd @xJo@dk r0ifbJ aumhu&dwEf iS jhf r0wDt0iftxGuu f m;*dwq f o D @dk um;ukw d u dk ±f u dk af rmif; vmonf? ,if;tcsed o f nf jr0wDrq S if;vmaomum;rsm;a&mufcsd ejf zpfI um;*dwf wGif yGcJ if;wr#pnfum;aeavawmhonf? xkpd Ofxt dk cg xkad 'orSvrl sm;onf vl vlcsi;f tm±Hpk ;l pku d zf kd x h uf ukeyf pPn;f ESiahf iGa=u;tay:wGio f m tm±Hpk ;l pku d af eaom a=umifh usaemfw@dk tzk@d wrsK;d yifuaH umif;ao;onf[k ,lq&awmhonf? usaemfwkd@om;tzonf um;ay:rSqif;I vlolxlxyfaomvrf;ab;wGif xGuaf evdu k o f nf? c%=umv#if wyf=uyf}u;D wOD;ESihf usaemfq h ufom;trsK;d orD;/ um;q&mwk@d wae&mwGif acgi;f csi;f qkid I f aqG;aEG;ae=uonfudk usaemfvrS ;f I jrifvdkuf&onf? u|efawmfrodu|rf;usifjyKIaevkdufonf? aemufykdif;wGifrS usaemfo&d onfrmS vlwiG v f nf;ygvm/ =uufoeG u f ek af wGvnf;ygvmaoma=umifh ,if;vlp;D ukew f ifum;uav;tm; aumhu&dwrf jS r0wDo@dk rnfa±$@rnfr#jzifh ppf wyfuu,f&v D u dk af y;Edik rf nfudk aqG;aEG;=u&m 3000 jzifh aps;wnfo h mG ;a=umif; qufom;trsK;d orD;ujyefajymI od&avonf? ,if;uJo h @dk aps;wnho f mG ;+y;D aemufwiG f wyf=uyf}u;D onf usaemfw@dk um;u av;tm;OD;aqmifI aumhu&dwaf *guu f iG ;f ab;ujzwfarmif;ckid ;f +y;D ppfwyfypPn;f xm;&m *kad 'gi0f if;twGi;f ok@d 0ifcidk ;f vku d af vonf? um;wef;onf rk;d csKyaf omfrS aumhu&dwrf jS r0wDo@dk xGurf nfjzpfI rd;k rcsKyrf csi;f ,if;ppfwyf.ypPn;f rsm;xm; &m *kad 'gi0f if;twGi;f Yyif usaemfw@dk ae=u&onf? xdo k @dk ae&mwGiv f nf; ppfwyf 0if;twGi;f jzpfI av#mufomG ;cGiEhf iS hf um;ay:rSqif;cGirhf &Sad v&m =uufoeG t f w d af y: Y Ttwkid ;f xkid af e=u&onf? n 7 em&DwiG f rd;k pke;f pke;f csKyo f mG ;onf? TwGirf S um;xGuaf wmhrnfjzpfa=umif; um;q&muajymvmonf? c%t=umwGif um; a&SO› ;D cef;qDrS rD;zGiv hf monf? ppf,el aD zmif;tjynft h pH0k wfxm;aom t&m&Sw d OD; um;a&Sc› ef;xJ0ifvmonf? um;aemufzufYrl *so D &D;ukid x f m;aom ppfom;&J abmfav;wOD; wG,w f ufvmonf? ppfom;&Jabmfuav;onf um;a&SO› ;D cef; wGiyf gvmaom t&m&S. d vHjk cKH a&;twGujf zpfa=umif;usaemfw@dk odvu kd =f uonf?

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rd;k aomuf=u,fcifAsm;æ? usaemf[m wu,fpmay0goemygvd@k vmem;axmif wJo h w l OD;yg? 'Dtxd wul;wua&mufvm+y;D a[majymay;wJh usaemfw@kd &J@ q&m }u;D awGuv kd nf; t&rf;aus;Zl;wifygw,f? 'gayr,fAh smæ a[majymwJq h &m}u;D awGtwGuf owfrw S af y;wJh tcsdeef nf;wm&,fæ vmem;axmifwo hJ al wmf awmfrsm;rsm;[m pmay0goemygvd@k em;axmifwmxuf "gwfyt kH ±du k cf cH sifv@kd vmwmu rsm;aewmawG@&vd@k pdwrf aumif;bl;Asmæ usaemfw@kd vnf; aemif}u;D vdrk sK;d cHpm;rdygw,f? jzpfEikd &f if reufuae ntxd tcef;iSm;ygao;w,f? b,fvrkd S iSm;vk@d r&vd@k yg? aemufwcsuu f awmhAsm ol vnf;avavmuDom;ayrd@k vd@k oabmxm;+y;D em;vnfay;ygv@kd ajymcsiyf gw,f [Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f? tckwavm *syefrmS &jzL*sD&wJo h al wG awmfawmfrsm; w,fv@kd od&w,f? b,fvjkd zpfwmvJ? usaemfw@kd u tar&dueftpd;k &qDrmS *syefrmS &jzL*saD y;wmenf;+y;D wif;=uyfv@kd tar&dum;txd a&mufatmifvm+y;D &jzL*sDxufwifwmygvd@k ajymxm;wmæ 'gqkd *syefujkd yefvmcJah væ [Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f*sme,fv}l u;D rif;rsm;&Siæ hf ? &Siw f @kd *sme,f wvxufwv ydak umif;vmw,fv@kd cs;D usL;yg&apæ? qufvuf+y;D ydak umif;atmif óu;pm;ygv@kd ajymcsifygw,fæ tckvkd tm;ay;pum;ajymwJt h wGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f? óu;pm;ygr,fv@kd vnf; uwdpum; xyfraH jymyg&apæ [Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,fa&? t&ifvu cifAsm;wd@k *sme,fxrJ mS ygwJh tzrf;cH&&if bmawGvkyfoifhw,fqdkwJh tyk'fxJrSm usaemfr&Sif;wmwck&Sdvdk@? tJ'gu bmvnf;qdak wmh- ‘jyef0ifrvm&[k trde@f csxm;aom owfrw S x f m;onhEf pS f twGi;f jyef0ifvmjcif; ay:oGm;ygu axmifo;kH ESpcf sygonf’qdw k hJ tyk'yf g? b,fvkd rsKd;jyefr0ifvm&qdw k t hJ rde@f vJ? b,favmuftwdik ;f twmtwGi;f jyefr0ifvm &rSmvJæ tvG,q f ;kH eJ@ t&Si;f qH;k ajym&&if ‘0’vH;k wa,muf tzrf;cH&&if oH;k ESp(f od@k )ig; ESpftwGif; *syefEdkifiHxJudk jyefr0if&qdkwJh trdef@jyÏmef;csuf&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dh olw@kd csrw S x f m;wJt h rdeu f kd remcHbJ wenf;enf;eJ@ jyef0ifvmw,fqw kd t hJ csuf ay:oGm;&if axmifcswmygæ [Jvæ kd rd;k aomuf=u,f? &Siw f @kd rd;k aomuf=u,f jyefvnfz@GJ pnf;wm usrwd@k vnf; bmrSrod&ygvm;æ? usrwd@k vnf; &Siw f @kd tzJ@G xJ0ifcsif&if &ao;ovm;æ usaemfw@kd tzG@J xJ0ifr,fq&kd if aiGuek rf ,fæ? vlyifyef;r,f? trsm;tusK;d twGuf tepfemcHEdkif&r,f? 'D=um;xJ aus;pGyfwmvnf; cHEdkif&nf&Sd&r,f? tJ't D csuaf wG vdu k ef mEdik rf ,fq&kd if b,fo@l udrk qdk óuqdyk gw,fæ

zdwaf c:tyfygonf tðyoabmaqmifonfh pmrlrsm;ESihf owif;tcsuftvufrsm; udk rnfolrqdkay;ydk@Edkifyga=umif; rdk;aomuf=u,f*sme,frS zdwaf c:tyfonf? rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

24

tifwmeufowif;(jynfwiG ;f ) rSww f rf;rsm;vnf; r&Sad =umif; ajz=um;cJo h jzifh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf o wif;ESijhf yef=um;a&; tzJ@G 0if OD;[Homjrifu h “rsufprD w dS +f y;D ZGwjf iif;aewJu h pd q P kd awmh b,fvakd jym&rSe;f awmif rodawmhb;l ? usaemfw@kd t±du k cf &H wke;f u ,leD azmif;0wfxm;wJv h al wG trsm;}u;D ygwmyJ? taxmuftxm; 'Davmufcikd v f w kH hJ udp}P u;D æ”[k ajym=um;onf? +ird ;f aZmf(FIG) =uzH w G t f oif;udk vlra_ &;vkyif ef;rsm;vkyaf qmif&ef 1993 ckwiG f pwifz@GJ pnf; ukefaps;E_ef; cJ+h y;D toif;.em,urSm etzOuUÏ Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;}u;D oef;a±$jzpf+y;D em,utzG@J 0if rsm; }u;D rm;vGe;f rsm;rSvnf; ppftyk pf t k zG@J 0ifrsm;jzpfonf? aeI ae@pm;t jrefrmEdik if w H iG f Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. vlxpk nf;a0;yJrG sm;udk ppftyk pf u k ydwyf if vkyo f rm;rdom;pk xm;aomfvnf; =uzhH w G t f oif;u wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif ac:,lonhf vlxk rsm; wae@xuf pnf;a0;yJrG sm;Y vlaxmifaomif;csI D wufa&mufciG jhf yKxm;+y;D =uzHh w G 0f if&ef tm wae@ pm;0wf %mydik rf sm;u trsK;d rsK;d zdtm;ay;r_&o dS nfqo kd nfo h wif;rsm;vnf; xGuaf y:vsuf aea&; rajyr &So d nf?(acwfòyifowif;rS) vnfjzpfum qefðywfaomuf

ukefaps;E_ef;a=umifh &efukefòr‹ay: qefðywf aomufolrsm;vm

ae&olrsm; rsm;jym;vmaea=umif; od&onf? &efuek òf r@wGiyf if vufvyk v f ufpm;rsm;rSm wae@&aiGEiS hf wae@xrif;pm;&dwf ravmufiI S ,ckuo hJ @kd qefðywfaomuf&aom tajctaejzpfae&onf[k vdi_ f om,mòr@rS OD;ausmfjrihfu ajymjyonf? “vGecf w hJ EhJ pS v f avmuftajctaexuf ydq k ;kd vmw,f? ukeaf ps;E_e;f awGxuf "mwfqaD ps;awG wufvm+y;D wJah emufaygh? vdi_ o f m,m usefppfom;tdr&f m pcef;rSm&Sw d hJ ae@pm;orm; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; qefðywfaomufae=uw,fAsm? uav;awGvnf; iwfjywfaea&m? rdbawG tvkyu f jyefvmrSbJ qefukd Ed@k qDA;l 3 Al;avmuf0,f+y;D qefjyKwfe@J wae@pm+y;D oGm;=uw,f? wjcm;òr@awGrmS vnf; vlawG qefðywfaomufae&w,fv@kd =um;ae&w,f? vlawG t&rf;udk 'kuQ a&mufae=u+yæ D ”[k OD;ausmjf rifu h qufvufajymjyonf? wcsed w f nf;rSmyif &efuek òf r@Y vk,ufr/_ cd;k r_/ cg;ydu k Ef u _d rf r_ sm;/ aiGvrd rf r_ sm; r=umc%jzpfay:aeonf? r=umao;rDu =unfhjrifwdkifY ae@cif;a=umifawmif tdru f 0kd ifI "g;jywdu k cf ahJ o;onf? ,cktcsed w f iG f etzAdv k cf sKyrf sm;ESihf ‚wd@k . aqGrsK;d todik ;f t0dik ;f rsm;om tpOfajyae=uI jynforl sm;rSm pm;0wfaea&;a=umifh 'kuaQ &mufae=u&m xrif; &nfwykvif; usyf 70 ay;0,fI 0,faomufae&jcif;rsm;vnf; &Sad eonf?S

tdkifpDtmpDvkyfief;=uHhzGwf0ifpGuf

tusOf ; om;rsm;. usef ; rma&;ES i f h pm; aomufaexdkifa&; EdkifiH wumpHEe_ ;f ESihf udu k n f rD _ &S d r &S d yH k r S e f o G m ;a&muf =unfh±_&ef 'DZifbm(12) &ufwiG f tdik pf t D mpD tzJ@G u om,m0wDtusOf; axmifodk@ oGm;a&muf =unf±h p_ pfaq;&m axmif wGif;Y tkdifpDtmpDtzGJ@ vkyfudkifaqmif±GufyHkrsm;avhvm&ef =uHhzGwftzGJ@udkyg vdu k yf gciG ahf y;&rnf[k axmiftm%mydik rf sm;u ajymqdck o hJ jzihf tusO;f om;rsm;ESihf oGm;a&mufrawG@qHk awmh[k Edik if w H um=uufajceDaumfrwD(tdik pf t D mpD)ud, k f pm;vS,t f zJ@G t}u;D tuJ ywfx&pfA;D vfu acwfòyifo@kd ajym=um;onf? ‚u “tdkifpDtmpD[m tusOf;axmifawGudk oGm;a&mufwJhtcgrSm jrefrmEdik if w H ckwnf;wifr[kwb f ;l ? urBmb h ,fae&mrqdk vGwv f w G v f yfvyf oGm;a&muf=unf±h y_ gw,f? wjcm;tzJ@G tpnf;awGe@J twl oGm;avhr&Syd gbl;? tJ'ga=umifh roGm;wmygæ”[k ajymonf? tdik pf t D mpDonf jrefrmEdik if w H iG f 1986 ckuwnf;u 0ifa&mufvyk u f ikd cf o hJ nf? etzppftyk pf . k ausmaxmufaemufcv H rl a_ &;toif;jzpfonfh jynfaxmifpk d m Edik if aH &;t =ucHh idk af &;ESihf zG@H òz;a&;toif;(=uzhH w G )f udk Edik if aH &;ygwt D oGif ajymif;vJomG ;&ef&dS xd@k aemuf 1999 rSpI tusO;f axmifrsm;od@k oGm;a&mufciG &hf &Su hf a&; onf[k toif;taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;aX;OD;(v,f,mESihf qnfajrmif;0ef}u;D usO;f om;rsm;tygt0if tusO;f om;rsm;ESihf awG@qHck iG &hf +y;D ‚wd@k . tcGit G cf iG &hf &Scd o hJ nf? Adv k cf sKyaf X;OD;)u &efuek òf r@/ wuUov dk &f yd o f mvrf;opf&dS =uzhH w G Af [dXk mecsKyYf jyK wd;k wufatmif aqmuf±u td i k p f t D mpD t us O ; f axmif o @ k d roG m;Edik af wmhonft h wGuf tusO;f om;rsm;. vkyo f nfh owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJw G iG f ajym=um;cJo h nf? kd ;kd 0g;vmEdik o f nf[k Edik if t H usO;f om;rsm; ulnaD pmifh tqdyk gupd EP iS yhf wfoufI trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf owif;ESijhf yef=um;a&; axmifwiG ;f tajctae ydrk q k w d Ef ikd u f ajymonf? tzJ@G 0if OD;[Homjrifu h “tJvv kd yk rf ,fqv kd @kd &S&d if 'guawmh urBmay:rSm wcgrrS &Sd a&Smufa&;toif; twGi;f a&;rSL;udw ‚u “om,m0wDaxmifrmS aum ppfawGrmS yg tpm;taomuf tawmfnhH ao;wJh ppfwyfygwDjzpfrmS yJ? vlra_ &;tzJ@G tpnf;wckukd Edik if aH &;ygwDtaeeJ@ H umtzG@J tpnf;awGukd awG@cGirhf ay;bJe@J wHcg; b,f vdyk pkH eH @J ajymif;rvJ usaemfw@kd taeeJ@ rSe;f qvd@k r&wJu h pd jP zpfaeygw,f? zsif;w,fv@kd =um;&w,f? Edik if w yd w x f m;wJ h taetxm;rsKd ; &S w d ,fq&kd ifawmh Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;awG&@J tajc usaemfw@kd taeeJ@uawmh wu,fv@kd 'Dru kd a&pDenf;t& vGwv f w G v f yfvyf ,SOòf yifv@kd &r,fq&kd if b,fvv kd u l b,fvykd gwyD zJ @GJ zJ@G ud, k &hf @J ,SOòf yifzuftaeeJ@ tae[m a&&Snrf mS tvm;tvmraumif;ygbl;æ”[k ajym=um;onf? +y;D cJo h nfph ufwifbmwGif om,m0wDtusO;f axmifwiG f axmifyikd Of ;D jrifah qG ,lqrSmygæ”[k ajym=um;onf? tqdyk gowif;pm&Si;f vif;yJYG yif Edik if jH cm;owif;axmufwOD;u 'Dy, J if;udpP u tusO;f om;rsm;udk use;f rma&;ESirhf nDonfh yd;k xd;k qefEiS hf yJrsm;csuaf u|;+y;D d jzifh tusOo f m; 7 OD; aoqH;k cJ+h y;D 80 cef@ ar;jref;&m OD;aX;OD;u 'Dy, J if;udpw P iG f =uzhH w G t f aejzifh yg0ifywfoufrr_ &Sad =umif;/ axmifwiG ;f Yvnf; oef@&Si;f r_r&So aq;±H w k uf c & h J onf [ k atatyD y u D owif ; xk w jf yefco hJ nf?(acwfòyifowif;rS) etzu ‚wdk@tm; vma&mufpHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;rðyovdk taxmuftxm; rd;k aomuf-u,fpm-unfw h u kd u f OD;pD;I ‘tcrJ’h jzef‹csyd gonf/

=uHhzGwftoif; ygwDtoGifajymif;rnf

Moe Thauk Kye Journal

25

oa&mfpm

-uufajy;vm;/ -uyfajy;vm;/ a-umufajy;vm; armifykn(-opa-w;vs)

(1) “bbvm;æ/ b,fw;kH ujyefa&mufovJ” “=umoyaw;ae@uygu, G /f udp&P adS jymavæ” “bboGm;cJw h chJ &D;vrf;ta=umif;rar;cif t&;}u;D wmar;csiv f @kd ygbbæ” “at;æat;/ ar;yg ar;yg/ jzpfygw,fæ” “ck e³t³ztaeeJ@ &efuek u f ae+y;D ysO;f rem;udk ajymif;wma±G@wmbb&,f/ wa,mufwrsKd;pD a&;aeajymaevdk@yg? tJh'g =uufajy;vm;/ =uyfajy;vm;/ a=umufajy;vm;/ b,f[mtrSev f b J b&,fæ” (2) “b,f[mrSew f ,f/ b,f[mrSm;w,fqw kd mawmh twdtusajymzd@k u cuf om;uG,/f igvnf; ysO;f rem;udk um;eJ@ &xm;eJ@om ausmjf zwfz;l w,fav? wcku awmh etztaeeJ@ ckvt kd ajctaersK;d rSm =uufajy;udak jy;wmyJjzpfjzpf/ =uyfajy;udk ajy;wmyJjzpfjzpf/ a=umufv@kd ajy;wmyJjzpfjzpf wckrrS aumif;ygb;l uG,æ f ” “[kwu f hJ ajymygbbæ/ orD;em;axmifaeygw,fæ” “ckvkd rajymrqdyk v J yk w f t hJ wGuf wjynfv;kH taeeJ@ txdww f vef@jzpfap w,f/ tqifoifrh jzpfyJ ajymif;&a±G@&wJv h al wGtwGuf 'kuaQ &mufapw,f? a'o cHawGrmS vnf; ±GmawG tdraf wG ajymif;cH&/ a±$@cH&/ zsucf &H wJt h wGuf pm;&rJh aomuf&rJb h 0rSm rsm;pGmtcH&cufapygw,fu, G æ f ” “[kwfuJhygbbæ” “'ga=umifu h , G æ f / =uufajy;yJjzpfjzpf/ =uyfajy;yJjzpfjzpf/ a=umufv@kd ajy;wmyJ jzpfjzpf wckrrS aumif;ygb;l vd@k ajym&wmygu, G æ f ” (3) “rEWav;uaA'ifq&m}u;D wa,mufuawmh a[mw,fbbæ” “[kwv f m;/ b,fvrkd sm;a[mygvrd hf eef;pdeaf iGæ” “aA'ifued ;f cef;t& ‘toku d af jymif;’wmwJæ h / OD;ae0if;vufxufrmS o}ueF f ESpcf gusb;l w,f? &efuek q f w kd mu a±$w*d b kH &k m;}u;D &Sad eawmh ‘atmifajr’wJ?h "gwaf wmfarGawmfawG&adS eawmh a&S;bk&iftqufquf &efawGtm;vH;k ukev f @kd ‘&efuek ’f vd@k ac:wmwJ/h tck[mu a=umufv@kd ajy;wmwJ/h &mZ0ifcsaD jym&&if bk&ifawGppf±;_H vd@k vGw&f mvGwaf =umif;ajy;wmwJæ h ” “at; at; qufajym qufajymæ” “&efuek u f ae =uufajy;udak jymif;ajy;wm[m aA'ifued ;f cef;t& ‘usr;f us’ w,fw?hJ etz[m bmrS vkyv f @kd udik v f @kd r&awmhb;l æ? &efuek t f aetxm;[m

‘jynfrEdik ’f awmhb;l ? tukezf suv f u kd &f if tukeyf su/f tuke&f efjzpf=ur,f? 'DtEW &m,fuakd =umufv@dk ajy;w,fq+kd y;D a[mw,fbb&J@æ” “tif;æ/ OuUvmyrif;}u;D vufxuf/ Ak'&< @J "gwaf wmfarGawmfawGe@J ‘wzk\’ eJ@‘zvdu’nDaemif a±$w*d akH pwDawmf}u;D udk wnfcw hJ ,f? &Siaf pmykb&k ifr}u;D [m a±$ w d * H k t eD ; rS m w&m;xd k i f c J h w ,f ? tavmif ; bk & m; OD ; atmif a Z,s[m &eftaygi;f udak tmifv@kd ‘&efuek ‘f udw k nfcw hJ ,f? uke;f abmifrif;(ac:)om,m0wD rif;[m &efuek rf mS oH;k vwdwd aexdik pf jH ref;awmfrcl w hJ ,f? rif;wke;f bk&if[m a±$wd *Hak pwDawmf}u;D &J@xD;awmfukd vSLwef;cJw h ,fæ” “[kwfuJhygbbæ” “a=omfæacwftqufquf/ jrefrmwd@k .ESv;kH aoG;eJ@ wnfcahJ om ‘jrwfb&k m; a±$w*d ’kH wnf&m &efuek u f pkd eG @f cGmI etzwd@k onf =uufuav; iSuu f av;ajy; ouJo h @kd ‚/ =uyfuav;/ zGwu f av;ajy;ouJo h @kd ‚/ &Spaf v;vH;k 'kw, d t}urd f rvmrDuav;wGif ysO;f rem;od@k a=umufIajy;=u+yw D um;æ”S

oH±Hk;tm;vHk; òr‹opfodk‹ajymif;&ef raocsm acwfòyifr-S etzEdik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xmeu &efuek &f dS oHwref rsm;udk ,ckv(9)&ufae@u ac:,lawG@qH+k y;D 2007 ckEpS f ukew f iG f ysO;f rem;Y oH±;kH t aqmuftOD pwifaqmuf vkyfEdkif&ef oH±Hk;wckpDt wGuf ajr 5 {upD ae&mpD pOfxm;onf[k today; a=umif; +Aw d o d #o±H ;kH rS wm 0ef&o dS l oHwrefwOD;uajymonf? ‚u“avmavmq,f usaemfw@kd bmrS rqH;k jzwf&ao;ygb;l ? taumif;qH;k qH;k jzwfz@kd tcsed , f &l ygvrd rhf ,fæ”[k acwfòyifukd ajym=um;onf? oHwrefrsm;ESihf ukvor*~wm0ef&o dS rl sm;udk 2006 ckEpS /f {+yw D iG f ysO;f rem;Y ajrae&ma±G;cs,&f ef zdwaf c:rnfjzpfa=umif;/ xdu k mvrwdik rf D oH±;kH rsm;. qH;k jzwf csuu f kd awmif;cHrnfjzpfum ajymif;a±G@rnf/ rajymif;a±$@rnfqo kd nfrmS ‚wd@k tay:omrlwnfa=umif; Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D Xme wm0ef&o dS w l OD;u ajymonf[k attufzfyDwGif azmfjyonf? tar&duefo±H ;kH rS oHwrefwOD;url ‚wd@k oH±;kH taejzifh ysO;f rem;od@k ajymif;a±$@ &ef tpDtpOfr&S[ d k ajymonf? ‚u “usaemfw@kd [m tar&duefo±H ;kH taqmuf tODopfukd &efuek rf mS aqmufaeygw,f? usaemfw@kd ysO;f rem;udk a±$@r,ht f pDtpOf r&Syd gb;l ? tufpyf 'D pD u D usaemfw@kd udk bmrS ta=umif;r=um;ygb;l æ”[k ajym=um; onf? tu,fI etzu urf;vSr;f vmv#iv f nf; tar&duefo±H ;kH taejzifh ysO;f rem; wGif ±H;k cJzG iG &hf ef od@k r[kwf taqmuftODwckcak qmufvyk &f ef avmavmq,f rnfonft h pDtpOfr# r&Sad =umif; od&onf? S

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*syefEikd if &H dS 'kuoQ nfrsm;udk ulnaD qmif±uG af y;v#uf&adS om USHIKUtajcpduk f NGO'sESpf ywfvnfyJG usif;yjyKvkyf *syefEidk if w H iG f 'kuo Q nftjzpfavsmufxm;olrsm;tm; ESpu f mv=um&Snpf mG zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;r_a=umifh vltcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufaeonf[k emrnfq;dk jzifh ausm=f um;aeaom tDbm&mcDv0utusO;f pcef;xJrS zrf;qD;cH Ekid if jH cm;om; 'kuQ onfrsm;ukd ulnaD xmufyrhH t _ rsK;d rsK;d ay;aeonfh tk&u dS t k ajcpku d f ‘v0uxde;f odr;f a&;pcef;twGi;f rS 'kuo Q nfrsm;.ta&;udprP sm;udk avhvmajz&Si;f ay;ae onft h zJ@G ’[k jrefrmvdt k "dym` ,f&onfh NGO'stzG@J . ESpyf wfvnf nDvmcHudk Ekid if w H umvl@tcGit hf a&;ae@jzpfonfh 2005 'DZifbm 10 &uf/ paeae@ ae@vnf 2;00 em&DrS nae 05;00 em&Dtxd TSUKUBA LIBRARY CENTER HALLwGif usi;f yjyKvyk o f mG ;cJyh gonf? tcrf;tem;wGif Edik if w H umrdcif}u;D [k ac:a0:=uonfh TANAKA SANu tzGit hf rSmpum;ajym=um;+y;D / 'kuo Q nfrsm;ukd ulnaD pmifah &Smufaeaom tzG@J 0if Edik if w H umrdcif}u;D [k ac:a0:=uonfh TANAKA SANrS tzGit hf rSmpum;ajym=um;pOf rsm;ESihf *syefwuUov dk rf S ausmif;om;/ausmif;olrsm;u *syefEidk if . H wif;usyaf om Oya'rsm;ESihf 'kuo Q nftjzpfav#mufxm;qJorl sm; =uKaH wG@ae&aom tcuftcJ rsm;ESihf zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae=u&jcif;tay: rdrw d @dk taejzifh 0rf;enf;pGmcHpm;& a=umif;/ wwfEidk o f nfzh ufrS tpGr;f ukeu f n l aD y;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; ajymonf? xdkaemuf tDbm&cDtusOf;pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;cHI jyefvnfvGwf ajrmufvm=uaom 'kuo Q nfrsm;rS xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;twGi;f &ifqikd w f u kd yf 0GJ ifchJ &aom tajctaersm;ESihf *syefv0u. vltcGit hf a&;csK;d azmufrw _ @dk ukd &Si;f vif; ajym=um;oGm;=uygonf? wufa&mufvm=uonfh {nfh y&dwo f wfrsm;tm; Arm tqkt d ujzifh azsmaf jzwifqufomG ;cJ+h y;D / yJaG wmfo@kd (wl&uD/ tD&ef /jrefrm) vlrsK;d rsm;tygt0if pkpak ygi;f 130 ausmw f ufa&mufcyhJ gonf? ausmfEikd (f MTK) TSUKUBAwuUov kd af usmif;olausmifom;rsm;uvnf;tm;ay;pum;ajym=um;=upOf

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