July('05) 6 - Spoken English

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÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 12 Vöµj 2005

b) To drive a car in such traffic is difficult. traffic car drive

book? 13) Raghava does not want to study.

c) To smoke is bad for health.

Scold, chide, reprimand =

(Ïö°Ùæ¨ ÚÛù£dÙ.)

ö˺

à¶óŸªè[Ù à¦ö°

(ð»Þœ íˆõaè[Ù ÎôÁ-Þ¥u-EÚ¨ E-ÚÛô¢Ù.) Ð ÷´èÁ Íô¢nÙ (ô¦óŸªè[Ù, Aìè[Ù ö°Þ¥) ÷#aì-í£±pè[ª infinitive ñë]ªõª 'ing' from (eating, smoking, etc) î¦è[-÷àŸªa. Íô¢nÙ ÷«ô¢ë]ª.

Students go to college to study Prasanthi: Hi Preethi, where were you yesterday?

✒

(purpose) a) Students go to college to study.

Ñë¶løŒÙ

(víˆA, Eìo ìª÷±y ÓÚÛ\è[ª-û¦o÷±?) Preethi:

I went to Ameerpet to see my cousin Prema. cousin Prema Ameerpet Prasanthi: I called you yesterday to ask you for some books. Why is Prema in Hyderabad now?

(÷«

ìª àŸ«è[è¯-EÚ¨

îµü‹xìª.)

(Ú•Eo í£±ú£h-Ú¥õª Íè[Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ Eìo FÚÛª ðƼûË à¶ø‹ìª. v›í÷ª šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°-ëÂö˺ ÓÙë]ª-ÚÛªÙC?) Preethi:

To join a software institute here. software institute

(ÏÚÛ\è[ EÚ¨)

ö˺ à¶ô¢-è¯-

Prasanthi: Which institute does she want to study in?

(Ô ÏûËÂú‡d-å«u-æËÀö˺ àŸë]-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙæ˺ÙC?) Preethi:

I don't know. To learn software in some good place is all that she wants.

(êµMë]ª. ÎÚÛª Ú¥î¦-LqÙ-ë]ö°x ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ ÷ªÙ# institute ö˺ software û¶ô¢ªaÚÁ÷è[Ù) šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ to see, to ask, to join, to learn Íìo ÷«åõª Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. Ï÷Fo Ô ô¢«í£Ùö˺ Ñû¦oô³? To êŸô¦yêŸ 1st Regular Doing Words (see, ask, join, learn) ÷ú£ªh-û¦oô³ ÚÛë¯. Oæ¨E infinitives ÍÙæ°Ù. Englishö˺ infinitive ÚÛª à¦ö° vð§÷³ÜuÙ ÑÙC. Infinitive ÚÛª ÷ªJ-Ú•Eo Ñë¯--ô¢-éõª– ✦ to ✦ to ✦ to ✦ to Infinitive

eat smoke buy sell etc.

(àŸë]-÷-è¯-EÚ¨) b) Suseela came here to join a college. (college c) He went out an hour ago to buy vegetables. ✒ Want, wish, hope, expect, desire

ö˺ à¶ô¢-è¯-EÚ¨)

(Ú•ì-è¯-EÚ¨)

ÚÛõª êµL›í verbs í£ÚÛ\ì õE’ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC.

VOCABULARY

infinitive

÷›úh ‘à¶óŸ«-

a) She wants to sing.

(ð§è¯-õE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-æ˺ÙC.) b) He wishes to go home.

(ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ îµü‹x-õE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oè[ª.)

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 16 c) They hope to pass. (pass d) Kamala expects to get a prize.

Íî¦yõ-E/-Í-÷±-ê¦-÷ªE ÎP-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª.)

(wšíjâÉÀ ð»Ùë]ª-ê¦-ìE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-æ˺ÙC.) ✒ ô¦óŸªè[Ù, (to write), Aìè[Ù (to eat) etc Íû¶ í£ìªõìª infinitive êµL-óŸª-â¶-ú£ªhÙC. .

Oª ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺x

she envies her sister.

(þ¼ë]J Oªë] Î Ðô¢{u-í£-è[ª-êÁÙC) 2) jealousy- Íú£«óŸª jealous - Íú£«-óŸªêÁ ÑÙè[è[Ù ÏêŸ-ô¢ª-õ-ÚÛª-ìoN ÷ªìÚÛª ö¶ì-í£±pè[ª ÷ªìÚÛª ÚÛL¸Þ ò°ëÅ]– Ðô¢{u (envy). ÷ªì-ÚÛª-ìoC ÏêŸô¢ªõÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ ÑÙè… ÷ªì vð§÷³ÜuÙ êŸT_Ùë]ìª-ÚÛªÙç¶ ÍC Íú£«óŸª (jealousy). A poor man may envy a rich man.

ÚÁí£p-è[è[Ù, ÷ªÙë]-LÙàŸè[Ù, ¸ÚÚÛ-ö¶-óŸªè[Ù crush = ìõ-í£è[Ù, í‡Ùè[è[Ù, ìL-T-ð¼-÷è[Ù Squeeze = (ô¢ú£Ù ÚÁú£Ù) í‡Ùè[è[Ù Squeeze tooth paste/shaving cream on the brush. paste Squeeze dry =

(vñùà Oªë]

î¶óŸªè[Ù). ë]ªú£ªhõª ð»è…Þ¥ Íó¶ªuÙêŸ ÷ô¢ÚÛª í‡Ùè[è[Ù. Ïë¶ Íô¢nÙêÁ ÏÙÚÁ ÷«å wring. twist = ÷ÙàŸè[Ù, L-ší-ådè[Ù twist the arm = à¶ô³ L-ší-ådè[Ù fold = ÷ªè[êŸ, ÷ªè[êŸ šíådè[Ù Ð Ú¨ÙC ›íô¢ªx êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁÙè…. lizard - ñLx (Dinosaurs ö°Ùæ¨ î¦æ¨E giant lizards ÍÙæ°ô¢ª) giant - òÅ°K øŒK-ô¢Ù-Þœ-õ-î¦è[ª (WWE ö˺ wrestlers ö°Þ¥). giant, gigantic

÷´è[ª Íô¦nõêÁ infinitive

a) To sit in the class for five hours a day is not a joke

items

Ð Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥u-õìª ö˺ à¶óŸªÙè…. 1) û¶ìª îµü‹xõ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦oìª. 2) Î ð§è¯õE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-æ˺ÙC. 3) ví£A Në¯uJn best college ö˺û¶ à¶ô¦-õ-ìªÚÛªÙ-æ°è[ª.

ö°Ùæ¨ ÚÁJ-

ìª ÷´è[ª Íô¦n-õêÁ î¦è[ê¦Ù. šíj ú£ÙòÅ°ù£-éö˺ Oªô¢ª Þœ÷ª-EÙචÑÙæ°ô¢ª. Ð Ú¨ÙC Vocabulary î¦è[Ùè… 1) Ðô¢{u-í£-è[è[Ù– envy

êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸªè[Ù.

a) To sit in the class for five hours is not a joke. Sitting in the class for five hours is not a joke (to sit - sitting). b) To drive a car is difficult. Driving a car is difficult c) To smoke is bad for health. Smoking is bad for health. English practice

Ð ÷«åõª Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…

(Íô³ë]ª ÞœÙåõª Ú¥xúÃö˺ ÚÛ«ôÁa÷è[Ù êŸ÷«ÿ§ Ú¥ë]ª.) she bought the same necklace as hers.

(êŸì-ÚÛªìo ûµ·Úxúà ö°Ùæ¨ë¶ í£Ú¨\Ùæ°Nè[ Ú•ìoÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ÎÚÛª Íú£«óŸª) 3) gratitude - (vÞ¥æ¨-å«uèÂ) ÚÛ'êŸ-ácêŸ. He has gratitude. He has no gratitude. 4) grateful - (v·ÞóÀª-æËÀ-íÆ£±öËÀ) ÚÛ'êŸ-ácêŸ ÚÛLTì I am grateful to you for your help. 5)

(Oª ú£ï£„-óŸ«-EÚ¨ ÚÛ'êŸ-Vc-è…E) ë¶÷±è… í£åx ÚÛ'êŸ-ác-êŸ-Þœõ – thankful I am thankful that I have such parents.

(Íö°Ùæ¨ êŸLxë]Ùvè[ª-õª-ìoÙ-ë]ªÚÛª ë¶÷±-è…Ú¨ ÚÛ'êŸ-Vc-è…E) (ëÅ]ì÷Ù-꟪-è…E àŸ«›úh ›íë] î¦è…Ú¨ Ðô¢{u ÚÛõ-Þœ-÷àŸªa) (grateful - ÷ªEù‡ í£åx ÚÛ'êŸ-ác-êŸ-Þœõ, She is jealous of her neighbour because thankful - ë¶÷±è… í£åx ÚÛ'êŸ-ácêŸ Þœõ)

4) ÖÚÛ ôÁTE àŸ«è[-è¯-EÚ¨ Eìo Îú£ªí£vAÚ¨ îµü‹xìª. 5) î¶éª àŸë]-ô¢Ùޜ٠Îè[-è¯-EÚ¨ ôÁW ú£ªò°sô¦÷± ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ îµüŒê¦è[ª. 6) Ð vÞœ«íà àŸë]-÷è[Ù v›íîªڨ Ïù£dÙ ö¶ë]ª. 7) ÍÙêŸ-ë]«ô¢Ù ìè[÷è[Ù ú£ªõòÅ¡Ù Ú¥ë]ª. 8) î¦è[ª Eìo ú£Jd-íƇ·Úåªx êµàŸªa-ÚÁ-è¯-EÚ¨ college Ú¨ îµüŒx-ö¶ë]ª. 9) Î Î <ô¢-Ú•-û¦õE Íìª-ÚÛªÙ-æ˺Ùë¯? 10) FÚÛª àŸë]-÷è[Ù Ïù£dÙ M. SURESAN (like ö¶ë¯? î¦è[Ùè…) 11) Î ÑëÁuޜ٠÷ú£ªhÙë]E ví£Oªõ ÎPþ¼hÙë¯?(hope, get) î¦è[Ùè…. 12) í£±ú£hÚÛÙ Ú•ì-è¯-EÚ¨ Eìo ÓÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ îµü‹x÷±? 13) ô¦íÆ£ª-÷Ú¨ àŸë]-î¦-õE ö¶ë]ª. Answers: 1) I want to go. 2) She wishes to sing. 3) Every student wants to join the best college. 4) I went to the hospital yesterday to see a patient. 5) Venu goes to Subbarao's everyday to play chess. 6) Prem does not like to study this group. 7) To walk/walking such a distance is not easy. 8) He did not go to college yesterday to get the certificates. 9) Does she want/wish to buy the sari? 10) Don't you like (Do you not like) to study? 11) Does Pramila hope to get that job? 12) Where did you go yesterday to buy the

(áóŸªÙæËÀ, âµjÞ¥Ù-æ¨ÚÂ) Íû¦o à¦õšíë]l

size

ÍE.

His is a gigantic figure. Giant wheel tortoise chameleon dove/pigeon parrot

(òÅ°K ÎÚ¥ô¢Ù); êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛë¯. (æ°æ¨úÃ). ê¦ò¶õª – (ÚÛOª-L-óŸªûËÂ) Òú£-ô¢-îµLx – ð§÷±ô¢Ù – #õªÚÛ – ÏüŒxö˺x šíÙàŸª-Ú•û¶ ÚÁüŒ‰x ö°Ùæ¨N – domestic fowl.

ví£øŒo: þ¼p·ÚûË ÏÙTxùà í£ë]-Ú•ÙèÁ òÅ°ÞœÙö˺ ô¢î¶ªøÉÂ, ì¸ô-øÉÂõ ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é Î ôÁV áJ-T-ìë¶. Ñë]óŸªÙ í£²ô¢h-ô³ì í£ìª-õÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é present perfect tense ö˺ ÑÙè¯L ÚÛë¯. Oªô¢ª past tense ö˺ Ïà¦a¸ô-Nªæ¨? Eìo ö¶ë¯ ÞœêŸÙö˺ Óí£±p-èµjû¦ áJTì Nù£-óŸ«-õÚÛª past tense î¦è¯L ÚÛë¯. ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ bought, didn't you õÚÛª ñë]ªõªÞ¥ have bought, haven't you ö°Ùæ¨ present perfect Ñí£-óµ«-TÙàŸ ÷àŸªa ÚÛë¯ N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª. – ú‡šï°àÂ. ô¦÷ª-àŸÙ-vë]-÷´Jh, Ú¥Ú¨-û¦è[ áî¦ñª: Past actions, time known ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJTìN Ô çµjîªö˺ Ô ûµõö˺, Ô ôÁV ÍE ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ àµí£p-Þœ-L-Tê¶ Íí£±pè[ª ÷ªìÙ past simple ÷«vêŸî¶ª î¦è[ê¦Ù. ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì í£E Óí£±pè[ª, Ô ûµõ, Ô ôÁV, Ô çµjîªö˺ ÍE àµí£pì-í£±pè[ª (ÍÙêŸÚÛª ÷³Ùë]ª çµjîª ú£Ùë]-ô¦sÄ-ìª-þ§-ô¢ÙÞ¥ êµLú‡-ì-í£±pè[ª êŸí£p) present perfect î¦è[ê¦Ù. a) He has brought a car.

(çµjîª êµL-óŸª-â¶óŸªè[Ù ö¶ë]ª) b) He bought the car this morning.

(çµjîª àµñªêŸªû¦oÙ)