Feb ('07)-6 - Spoken English

-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 12 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ affect = effect =

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

272

Vilakshana: Hi Nirikshana, this is our last day at college. No knowing when we can meet again. Parting is painful, isn't it? (College

™ ÉC ´’†èπ◊ *´-J-®ÓV. ´’†ç ´’Sx á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ-í∫-©¢Á÷ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. NúÕ-§Ú-´úøç ¶«üµ∆-éπ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?) Nirikshana: Why? We can still be meeting, can't we? What stops us?

(áçü¿’èπÿ? ´’†ç Éçé¬ éπ©’Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô÷ØË ÖçúÌa éπü∆? àN’-ôúøfç?)

Vilakshana: I mean we can't, this way, as students. students

(؈-†ôç, É™«

í¬ ´’Sx éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰-´’E.)

v°æ¶µ«´ç îª÷°æôç; Å´’-™xéÀ ®√´ôç.

to come into

The anti dowry law came into effect more than ten years ago =

´®Ω-éπôo ´uA-Í®éπ îªôdç °æüË∞¡x éπçõ‰ ´·çüË Å´’-™xéÀ ´*açC. Academic = Nü¿uèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ Nü∆u-¢Ëûªh.

What books and subjects a student should study is an academic matter =

Nü∆uJn à °æ¤Ææh-鬩’, à N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Ŷµºu-Æœç-î√-©ØËC Nü∆u N≠æߪ’ç. Not all the members of a university senate are good academics = university senate

Æ涵º’u-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ ´’ç* Nü∆u-¢Ë-ûªh-©’-鬮Ω’.

Vilakshana:

2

Replace = äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤†’ BÆæ’èπ◊E ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ ÅüË ®Ωéπç ´Ææ’h´¤ ÉçéÓ-öÀ-´yúøç. 2) How good they are at putting across even complex ideas to students put across = explain

N´-Jç-îªôç/

N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªôç/

a) He put across his ideas to me in a convincing manner =

Ø√èπ◊ †îËa-N-üµ¿çí¬ ÅûªE Ç™-îª-†-©†’ Ø√èπ◊ N´-Jç-î√úø’. (ÅûªE N´-®Ω-ù´©x ÅûªE Ç™-îª-†©’ Ø√èπ◊ †î√a®·.)

b) I put across to my father my idea of buying a car = car

éÌØ√-©ØË Ø√ Ç™-îª-††’ ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊

N´-Jç-î√†’.

Yea. I've heard of it. They are going to collect this extra fee for the personality development course they are going to offer. I feel that's a good step and so the fee rise is justified.

c) It is the cost of the project that may discourage him. Anyway put it across to him and see. = project

Ç èπ◊ ÅßË’u ´uߪ’ç ÅûªEo ¢Á†èπ◊\ ™«í∫-´îª’a. Å®·Ø√ Åûª-EéÀ N´-Jç* îª÷úø’.

... to get across our ideas to others ... Nirikshana: There you are right of course. Our student days will remain only as sweet memories. correct.

(Ç Nüµ¿çí¬ †’´¤y ´’† Nü∆uJn ®ÓV©’ B°œ-í∫’-®Ω’h-©’-í¬ØË ÖçúÕ-§Ú-û√®·.)

Vilakshana: But what a great college we've been in (I) doubt very much if we can come across such an institution. The instruction, the system, the environment- why? Everything about it is good. college

(é¬F áçûª íÌ°æp ™ ÖØ√o¢Á÷ éπü∆ ´’†ç. Ééπ\úÕ ¶üµ¿†, °æü¿l¥A, ¢√û√´-®Ωùç – äéπ-õ‰-N’öÀ? Ñ college ™ àüÁjØ√ î√™« ¶«í∫’çC.)

Nirikshana: Especially the lecturers and professors how good they are at putting across to students even complex ideas, without an exception every teacher here reaches out to the students with ease. lecturers, professors

(´·êuçí¬ Ééπ\úÕ – ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢æ Á’i† Å稻-©†’ èπÿú≈, î√™« Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ N´-Jç-îª-í∫©®Ω’; Åçü¿®Ω’ Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊©’ èπÿú≈, á´®Ω÷ ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈.) complex = ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢ æ Á’i†, with ease = éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ-†ô’x éπ†-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈, without an exception = á´®Ω÷ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. reach out = ¶µ«¢√™x Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ îË®Ω’-éÓ-´ôç.

Vilakshana: I can't agree with you more.

(†’´y†oü¿çû√

ØËØÌ°æ¤p-éÌç-ô’Ø√o.) Ñ expression, I can't agree with you more = FûÓ °æ‹Jhí¬ àéÃ-¶µº-N-Ææ’hØ√o– English conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ NE-°œÆæ’hçC. O’®Ω÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Nirikshana: Certainly. Their teaching cuts across students of varying abilities.

(Eï¢Ë’. ¢√∞¡x ¶üµ¿† Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ≤ƒ´’®Ωn u ≤ƒn®·ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÅEo ®Ω鬩 Nü∆u-®Ω’n©èπÿ Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûª’çC.)

Vilakshana: That's true. Ours is a college in demand. college college.)

(Eï¢Ë’. ´’†

´’ç* T®√éÀ Ö†o

Nirikshana: A piece of bad news. It doesn't affect us, though. The college has raised the fees across the board for all students of all courses; to come into effect from the next academic year. students fees

(ã îÁúø’ ¢√®Ωh, ´’†Íéç ¶«üµ¿ ™‰ü¿-†’éÓ. Åçü¿J èπÿ °çîË-ÆœçC. ´îËa Nü∆u Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç* Å´’-™xéÀ ´Ææ’hçC.)

(Å´¤†’. ؈’ NØ√o-†C. v°æA class èπÿ Åü¿-†çí¬ ¶Cµç-îª-¶-ûª’†o personality development (´uéÀhûªy Né¬Ææç) course èπ◊ í¬†÷ ÉC Åü¿-†çí¬ ´Ææ÷©’ îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Æ敶‰. justify = Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç. justified = Ææ´’-®Ωn-F-ߪ’-¢Á’i†; Ææ•-¶„j†-. Nirikshana: The course is good for career making people like us. At interviews and group discussions, to get across our ideas to the others, we need that kind of training.

(ÖüÓu-í¬©÷ ´%ûª’h™x v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îª-¶-ßË’-¢√-JéÀ ÉC î√™« Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç. Interviews ™, Group discussions ™ ´’† Ç™-îª-†©÷ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©÷ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ñ Péπ~ù ´’†-éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç.)

Vilakshana: OK, Niri. Time that I left. See you again. Keep calling. (OK Phone

EK. ØËE-°æp-öÀÍé ¢ÁRx-§ÚîËÆæ÷hçúø’.) ߪ·ç-ú≈-LqçC. ´’Sx éπ©’ü∆lç.

Nirikshana: OK, bye. ☺

☺

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English conversation across expressions expressions conversation simple lesson across expressions

™ ûÓ ´îËa î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√-®ΩF, Ç ´©x ´’† î√™« í¬ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ™ îª÷¨»ç-í∫ü∆. ´’J-éÌEo Öçô’ç-ü¿E éÀçü¿öÀ ûÓöÀ É°æ¤úø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¶-ûª’Ø√oç. Look at the following sentences from the conversation between Vilakshana and Nirikshana. 1) I doubt very much if we can come across such an institution 2) ... how good they are at putting across to students even complex ideas 3) Their teaching cuts across students of varying abilities. 4) ... to get across our ideas to others, we need that kind of training. 1) Come across =

îª÷úøôç/ (àüÁjØ√) ņ’¶µº´ç éπ©-í∫úøç/ û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç. come across ÅØËC English ™ î√™« common.

a) It is very difficult to come across a person like Mahatma Gandhi =

´’£æ«-û√t-í¬ç-Dµ-™«çöÀ

´uéÀhE îª÷úøôç î√™« éπ≠dçæ . b) You don't come across elephants in cold countries =

Qûª© ü˨»™x à†’-í∫’©’ éπE-°œç-¤.

c) Rarely do we come across shops offering replacement of goods with no questions asked = shops

´’†ç é̆o ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ àç v°æ¨¡o†’ î√™« ©-úø-èπ◊\çú≈ •ü¿’©’ ÉîËa Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ îª÷≤ƒhç.

3) Their teaching cuts across students of varying abilities =

NNüµ¿ ≤ƒ´’®Ωn u ≤ƒnߪ·-©’†o Nü∆u-®Ω’n©èπ◊ Å®Ωn´’ßË’u ¶üµ¿† ¢√JC. cut across = NGµ†o ´®√_-©™ ¢√u°œç* Ö†o

a) Protest and shock against the Nithari killings cut across party lines = party party, party

Eü∑∆J £æ«ûªu©-°æôx E®Ω-Ææ†, Cví∫s¥´’, ÅEo ©èπ◊ (Ç Ñ ÅE ™‰èπ◊çú≈) ¢√u°œç-*çC.

b) Cutting across caste distinctions every one protested against the mass killing of tribals in the area =

Ç ´®Ω_ç, Ñ ´®Ω_ç ÅE ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (èπ◊© Nîª-éπ~ù ™‰èπ◊çú≈) v°æA-¢√∞¡Ÿx Ç éÌçúø ñ«A v°æï© Üîª-éÓ-ûª†’ êçúÕç-î√®Ω’. mass killing = Üîª-éÓûª. tribals = éÌçúø-ñ«A v°æï©’.

c) Cutting across all kinds of groups, people rose as one person to fight the enemy =

à N¶µ‰-ü∆-©ûÓ °æE-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ v°æï-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ äéπ\-Jí¬ ¨¡vûª’-´¤ûÓ §Ú®√-ú≈®Ω’.

4) ... to get across our ideas to others we need that kind of training =

´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒßª÷©’ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊ Ç Péπ~ù Å´-Ææ®Ωç. get across = î√™« ¨¡éÀh-´’ç-ûªçí¬ ¶µ«¢√-©†’ äéπ-JéÀ ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªôç.

a) To succeed in an interview you should get across your points to the interviewer = Interview interviewer

©†’ Öçú≈L.

™ Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’† ¶µ«¢√-©†’ / Å稻èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-LT

b) Get the idea across to him that he is no longer wanted here =

Åûª-E-éπ\úø Öçúø-†-´-Ææ-®Ω癉-ü¿E Å®Ωnç ÅßË’u™« îÁ°æ¤p.

c) I am unable to get this simple point across to him =

Ñ *†o N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-E-éπ-®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁ°æp-™‰-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. put across, get across ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË, get across, put across éπØ√o éÌçîÁç stronger. ¶«í¬ Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’ô’x îÁ°æpôç – get it across. EXERCISE

Speak aloud sentences on the following pattern. Subject What he says

Verb is

Complement etc. interesting.

(Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø subject äéπ ´÷ô é¬èπ◊çú≈, 'wh' ûÓ ÖçúË clause.) ´’®Ó example: How he does it will be known only to me.

v°æ¨¡o: i) I saw him enter the room I saw him entering the room

ûËú≈ Öçü∆? á) Åûªúø’ í∫C™ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªúøç ؈’ îª÷¨»†’. G) í∫C-™éÀ v°æ¢Ë-PÆæ÷h Åûª-úÕE ؈’ îª÷¨»†’. ii) Seniority - antonym àN’öÀ? – §Úûª’© XE-¢√Ææ’, -¢Ëí¬-ߪ’´’tÊ°ô.

-ï-¢√-•’:

i) I saw him enter the room entering the room

Å®Ωnç, I saw him ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. ûË-ú≈ ™‰ü¿’. ii) Seniority éÀ antonym ™‰ü¿’. seniority ÅØËC age éÃ, experience éà Ææç•ç-Cµç*çC 鬕öÀd younger in age & experience ÅE ņ-´îª’a. äÍé ´÷ôí¬ antonym ™‰ü¿’.

v°æ¨¡o:

àüÁjØ√ O’öÀç-í˚™ à Nüµ¿çí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? à Tense ™ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? ÅEo Tenses Ö°æ-ßÁ÷Tç-îª-´î√a? Öü∆: Republic day Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ éπ∞«-¨»-©™ äéπ meeting à®√pô’î˨»®Ω’. Ñ O’öÀç-í˚™ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’, ´·êu ÅA--C∑E, Éûª®Ω °ü¿l-©†’ -ᙫ Ææç¶-Cµç-î√L? ¢√JE Öü¿-£æ«-JÆæ÷h ᙫ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L. N´Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’. - T. Ramana Rao, Palakol.

-ï-¢√-•’: Meeting

™ -à tense ™ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L ÅØËC ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo•öÀd-í∫ü∆ Öçô’çC. Republic Day Ææçü¿-®Ωs ¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª ÷, Republic Day v§ƒ-¨¡-≤ƒhuEo í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, Republic Day °æ¤ô’d-°æ‹-®Óy-ûªh-®√-©®·ûË, past tense ™ îÁ§ƒhç, ÅN í∫ûªç 鬕öÀd. Republic Day Öûªq´ç Ç®Ó-V -E®Ωy£œ«ç-éÓ-´-úøç ÇØ√öÀ programme ´Èíj-®√-©çû√, ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~-©ûÓ Ææ£æ…, present tense. ´·†’tçü¿’ ´îËa Republic Day © Çé¬ç-éπ~©÷, éÓJ-éπ©÷, Å®·ûË future tense. O’®Ω-úÕ-T† N’í∫û√ v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç Lesson Nos 265 to 270 îª÷úøçúÕ.

v°æ¨¡o:

i) India need to bowling in the evening. question need Helping verb question

Ñ ¢√é¬uEo à Nüµ¿çí¬ îËߪ÷L. ÅØËC éπü∆. DEûÓ á™« îËߪ’´îª’a? ii) I do work. Ñ Sentence †’ à N-üµ¿çí¬ question îËߪ÷L? – §ƒ©-éÌçúø Ææ’üµ∆-éπ®˝, ê´’tç

-ï-¢√-•’:

i) India need to bowling in the eveningsentence India need(s) to bowl in the evening correct. India team India needs to bowl India India need to bowl sentences need (s) main verb. Need question India bowl in the evening? need, helping verb example. Need you go there now?

Ñ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Åçõ‰ †’ äéπöÀí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀÊÆh, Åçö«ç; ïô’d-™E véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-©†’ °æJ-í∫-ùÀÊÆh Åçö«ç. Ñ È®çúø’ ™†÷ Å®·ûË DØËo ÅE ®Ω÷°æç™ ®√ÊÆh Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉçéÓ (É°æ¤úø’ †’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?)

ii) 'Do you work here?' Yes, I do work here. Sentence verb object do work here'

Ééπ\úø work verb. èπ◊ é¬ü¿’. Ééπ\úø 'I èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– ØËE-éπ\úø °æEîË≤ƒh†’, îË≤ƒh†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\îÁ°æpôç. I do work= ؈’ °æEîË≤ƒh†’ ņo-°æ¤úø’ work= °æE ÅØË Å®Ωn-ç-ûÓ, do èπ◊ object Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉC Ñ éÀçC question èπ◊ answer: What do you do? – DEéÀ Answer: I do work. (I do maths ™«í∫). ™E

- M. SURESAN