August ('05)-13 - Spoken English

I

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Jagadeesh: I came for you yesterday. You were out.

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 25 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2005

Åçõ‰ verbsèπ◊ verb form: was + ing / Were + ing.

(E†o ؈’ FéÓÆæç ´î√a†’. †’Nyçöx ™‰´¤) You were out = †’´¤y Éçöx ™‰´¤. Were you in? = †’Nyçöx -ÖØ√o¢√? îª÷úøçúÕ. Ñ in, out, be forms ™«çöÀ *†o´÷ô©ûÓØË áçûÓ conversation †úø-°æ-´îª’a. *†o*†o Ææ®Ω-∞¡-¢Á’i† ´÷ô-©ûÓ spoken english ´÷ö«x-úÕûËØË ÅC Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÅE°œ-Ææ’hçC. *†o ´÷ô-©-èπ◊çúË ÅEo ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç conversation èπ◊ î√™« ´·êuç. Jayanth: I was at Sekhar's. I was playing chess with him.

Singular subjects (I, he, she, it, they)©èπ◊ was + ing

¢√úøû√ç. Plural subjects (we, you, Å®·ûË were + ing Å´¤-ûª’çC. (English ™ you = †’´¤y / O’®Ω’; à Å®Ωnç™ Å®·Ø√ ÅC plural verb ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç) Was + ing / were + ing form™ verb, past continuous tense ™ Öçô’çC. éÀçC sentences îª÷úøçúÕ. a) Åûª†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿’-´¤ûª’Ø√o = I was reading a book when he they)

came in. b) ¢Ë’´·

•ßª’-ôèπ◊ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ áçúø-í¬ØË ÖçC =

The sun was shining when we went out.

(؈’ ¨Ïê®˝ ¢√Rxçöx ÖØ√o†’. ¨Ïê-®˝ûÓ îÁÆˇ Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’)

While the teacher was teaching the

Pradeep: Ç¢Á’ TV

îª÷≤ÚhçC. Åûª†’ ´Ææ’hØ√oúøE O’Èé-´-Jéà ûÁLߪ’ü∆? Pradeep: Åûª†’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o-úøE ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F ÅûªEûÓ§ƒô’ úø•’s BÆæ’-éÌ-Ææ’h-†oô’x ´÷èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.

pupils were talking

Pratap:

Ñ ¢√éπuç™ teacher teach îËߪ’úøç, °œ©x©’ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷ Öçúøúøç– È®çúø’ Continuous past actions éπü∆! Åçü¿’-éπE was + ing / were + ing.

You were out

ANSWERS: a) I saw her when she was going out. b) He was studying while she was cooking. c) Venkat: What were you doing when all this happen? Vinai: I was reading the newspaper.

Sekhar's

Åçõ‰ î√©’; Sekhar's Sekhar's place ÅØ√Lq† °æE-™‰ü¿’

home,

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 38

Jagadeesh: On my way home I saw your father and his friend. They were taking a walk.

c) Warden

™°æL-éÌ*a†°æ¤púø’ °œ©x©’ (pupils) îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ = The pupils were studying when the Warden came in.

d)

(Ø√éÓÆæç áçü¿’-éÌ-î√a´¤?) Jagadeesh: I was just going this way. I

e)

(†’´¤y ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ´÷ brother, sister Éçöx ™‰®√?) call = °œ©-´úøç, call at = äéπ-îÓ-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç. ؈’ E†o O’ ÉçöÀ-éÌî√a = I called at your place

uncle

ûª®Ωîª÷

ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡-û√úø’

Jagadeesh: They were, of course. They

¢Ë’´· •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ áçúøí¬ Öçúøúøç continuing action in the past, 鬕öÀd was shining (was + ing)

were watching the T.V.

™°æ-L-éÌ-*a-†-°æ¤púø’ °œ©x©’ (pupils) îªü¿’-´¤-ûª÷ç-úøúøç - a continuous past action - 鬕öÀd were studying (were + ing) d) ´®Ω{ç èπ◊®Ω´úøç E†oçû√ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC – a continuing past action 鬕öÀd – was rain-

°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ verbs í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Verbs

°j ¢√öÀ™x– Åûª†’ ™°æ-LéÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ °æ¤Ææhéπç îª-ü¿’´¤ûª÷ç-úøúøç continuing past action 鬕öÀd

c) warden

He often calls at his uncle's =Åûª†’

ing (was +ing)

Forms

ØË-†’ ¶µçîË-Ææ’hç-úø-úøç a continuing past action 鬕öÀd was having (was + ing) ÉC-èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. Teacher §ƒ®∏Ωç îÁ°æ¤ h-†-°æ¤púø’ °œ©x©’ ´÷ö«x-úø’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ e)

1. Was playing - was +...ing 2. Were taking - were+... ing 3. Was going - was+... ing 4. Were watching - were+...ing

(Ç¢Á’ §ƒúø’-ûª’-†o°æ¤púø’ Ç¢Á’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ dance îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’)

Venkat: He stole the watch while you

M. SURESAN

v°æ¨¡o: 1) I am having lunch

What were you doing when he knocked

v°æ¨¡o:

Present perfect tense, present perfect

They have lived here for 10 years. ûËú≈

having a lesson éπÈ®é˙d better.

é¬ü¿’. 'He has a les-

bringing money. Important:

≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ Ñ éÀçC verbs†’ was + ing/ were + ing form™ ¢√úøúøç Å®Ω’ü¿’. Åçõ‰ Ñ éÀçC verbs ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√úøç. Was see-

(Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ÅEo verb forms ¢√úøçúÕ) a) Ç¢Á ’ •ßª ’ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª ’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ØËØ√-¢Á ’†’ îª÷¨»†’. b) ¢√úø’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô’çõ‰ Ç¢Á’ ´çô îË≤ÚhçC. c) Venkat: Éü¿çû√ ïJ-T-†-°æpúø’ †’¢Ëyç îËÆæ’hØ√o´¤? Vinai: ؈’ news paper îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Venkat: Table O’ü¿’†o watch E í∫´’-Eç-‰ü∆? Vinai: îÁ§ƒp†’ éπü∆ ؈’ news paper îªü¿’´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’ Venkat: †’´¤y news paper îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-†o°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’ watch üÌçT-Lç-î√úø’. (üÌçT-Lç-îªúøç = steal) d) Pradeep: ؈ ’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊ç-ô ’-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√-∞¡Ÿx Çúø’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Pratap: O’ Å´’t-í¬Í®ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?

They have been living here for 10 years,

a bath éπÈ®é˙d. 'He is having a lesson' ™ is

Pradeep: We knew that he was coming, but we didn't know he was

4) He is having a lesson

having lunch, are having juice, is having

Didn't (Did not) any of you know that he was coming?

(•Ææ’q ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’ ü¿÷Íé-¨»úø’)

3) She is having a bath

OöÀ™ àN éπÈ®é˙d, àN é¬ü¿’. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. – öÀ.N.-®Ω-´’-ù- π◊-´÷®˝, ï´’t-©-´’-úø’í∫’, éπúø°æ >™«x ï¢√•’: O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u-©™ am

Pratap:

The boy jumped from the bus while it

continuous tense

ņúøç

playing

was moving

2) They are having juice

son'

were reading the newspaper. d) Pradeep: I was studying while they were

Now, Practice the following in English

îÁ§ƒhç.

was reading (was + ing) b)

I've (I have) told you/ I told you, I was reading the newspaper.

Pradeep: She was watching the TV

/ were + ing form™

spoken english expression.

ÉC èπÿú≈

Vinai:

(¢√úø’ ûª©’°æ¤ ûªöÀd-†-°æ¤púø’ †’¢Ëyç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤?) Ééπ\úø îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤ ņúøç continuous past action éπü∆ – 鬕öÀd 'were you doing?'

actions over a duration in the past) was + ing

yesterday. practiceîËߪ’çúÕ.

table?

students

°ü¿l ¨¡•lç NE-°œç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ ¶µçîË-Ææ’hØ√o =

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ– °j ¢√é¬u™x í∫ûªç™ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o °æ†’-©†’ (Continuous actions in the past-

a)

not)

Pratap: What was your mother doing?

noise.

called?

you

at the door?

special.

and sister at home when you

¢√∞¡x

E†oçû√ ´®Ω{ç èπ◊®Ω’Ææ÷hØË ÖçC = It was rainI was having my meal when I heard that

Jayanth: Weren't (were not) my brother

her

(Did

ing the whole of yesterday.

thought of seeing you. Nothing

(Ñ ü∆JØË ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. E†’o îª÷ü∆l-´’-†’èπ◊Ø√o. à v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ é¬ü¿’)

She was singing while

you

observe the watch on the

were dancing

(؈’ ÉçöÀ-Èé∞Ïx ü∆J™ O’ Ø√†o-í¬®Ω’, Çߪ’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úŒo îª÷¨»†’. ¢√∞¡Ÿx †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’) Jayanth: Why did you come for me?

Venkat: Didn't

Éô’-´ç-öÀ-îÓôx á°æ¤púø÷ 'while' ¢√úøû√ç.

© ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

N´Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. – ®√∞¡x-•çúÕ Ææçí∫ç-Ø√-ߪ·úø’, ï®Ω-ñ«-°æ¤-Ê°ô, Nï-ߪ’-†-í∫®Ωç >™«x ï¢√•’: a) Present Perfect tense †’ éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’i-†-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Present Perfect Continuous Tense †’ éÌçûª-鬩ç éÀçü¿ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.

ing/ were seeing; was noticing/ were noticing; (´Ææ’h-´¤©

¢√Ææ† í∫’Jç*)was smelling/ were

smelling; was believing/ were believing; was knowing/ were knowing; was understanding/ were understanding; was wanting/ were wanting; was loving/ were loving; was hating/ were hating; was containing/ were containing; was consisting/ were consisting; was possessing/ were possessing etc.

•ü¿’©’ ¢√öÀ-¢√öÀ

Oô-EoçöÀ

past doing words¢√úøû√ç.

eg: He loved her. (He was loving her

é¬ü¿’)

She understood his point. (She was understanding his point

é¬ü¿’) N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀéÀ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË.

(ûËú≈ Ææ÷éπ~ tçí¬ Present perfect - É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊, Present á°æp-ô’oçîÓ Éçé¬). Å®·ûË OöÀ È®çöÀéÀ î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ ûËú≈-™‰-ü¿ØË îÁ°æp-´îª’a. Éçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿’ lessons™ OöÀ í∫’Jç* îªJaç--èπ◊Ø√oç.

perfect continuous -

b) They have been living here for 10 years 10 à∞¡Ÿxí¬ Ééπ\úø Öçô’-Ø√o®Ω’ – É°æp-öÀéà Éçé¬ Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o®Ω’ They have lived here for 10 years 10

à∞¡Ÿxí¬ ¢√∞¡Ÿx Ééπ\úø ÖØ√o®Ω’. É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ÖØ√o®Ω’. É°æ¤p-úø’-Ø√o®√, ™‰ü∆ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç Ñ Sentence -îÁ°æpü¿’.