U Ottama Phamplet In Burmese 2005

u|EkfyfwdkhtwGuf ckdifrmaomtkwfjrpf jynf}uD;&ckid f jynfr¾dKifrS &ckid rf sK;d ESpf aoG;eDppf ysKjd rpfwufºuG o#iOf ;D OwWrum; e,fcs@J usm;ukd wd@k rsm;jynfrS ESifxkwf-u&ef u|eb f 0rS vGwaf jrmufvI kd vrf;jya&S@aqmif a-omf @ @ @ @to#if?

q7mawmfO;D OwWr (1879 =1939) aus;Zl ; &S i f q &mawmf to#if O D ; OwW r ud k (1879)ck E S p f 'DZifbmv 28 &ufae@ wGif &cdkifjynfppfawG_rdK@ Y arG;zGm;chJonf? touf 16ESpfwGif &Sifomra%abmifodk@0if_yD; touf 17ESpfwGif tdEdN,jynf umvuwWm;Y 3ESpftwGif; q,fwef;atmifjrifchJ_yD; (1907) rS (1910)xd *syefjynf wdkusdKwuUodkvfwGif ygVdygarmuQ tjzpfaqmif&GufcJh_yD; jrefrmEdkifiHodk@jyefvmchJ&m t*Fvdyfvufatmuf jrefrmjynf. tajctaeudkoHk;oyf um (1905)ckwGif &k&Sm;udkppfEdkif vdkufonfh *syefEdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;/ vlr+a&;/ ynma&;/ tajctaersm; udk avhvmtwk,l&ef (1912)wGif *syefodk@ jyefoGm;um (7)ESpfr# avhvmv+yf&Sm; cJhonf? (1919)wGif jrefrmjynfodk @ jyefvm_yD; te,f e ,f t &yf & yf o d k @ vS n f h v nf u m trsKd ; om;vG w f a jrmuf a &; twGuf Edk;-um;a&; w&m;a[m-um;r+a-umifh yk'fr 124(u) jzifh (1922)ckwGif yxrqHk; tjypfay;cH&aom jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif jzpfonf? tzrf;cH vdkuf vGw fv dku f j zif h w&m;yG J a ygif ; tenf;qHk; (870)ausmu f kd a[majymcJh onf? ol&d,owif;pmYvnf; Edk;-um;a&;aqmif;yg;aygif; t ajrmuf trsm;a&;cJhonf? q&mawmfto#if. aemufqHk; xGufouf xd jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJudk &J0HhajymifajrmufpGm OD;aqmifvrf;jy cJ h a om to#if t m; atmuf a rh v G r f ; qG w f w rf ; wpG m jzif h u|Ek f y f w d k @ (AASYC)rS OD;!Gw*f g&0jyKvdu k yf gonf? A[d k t vk y f t r+ a qmif a umf r wD &cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (&uvu)

wdk@to#io f nf jynforl sm;tm; rsK;d csppf w d "f gwf Ek;d -uGvmatmif oufe@cJ E<m y"gerxm; awmfveS pf w d "f gwf jynf0h pGmjzifh v+H@aqmfwu dk w f eG ;f ay;cJo h ?l

@

toufomao rqH;k wku d yf JG vGwv f yfa&;omt"du aeylr;kd &Gm ra-umufr&GH h -urf;wrf;r+'%f }uH}h uHch _H yD; a&S@qufawmfvSefoGm;-u&ef OD;aqmifvrf;jyay;cJo h ?l

ordkif;udkzHk;zd ausmuf&yk u f _kd zKd cs a*g,mu|e;f uae0ef;udk arhcsif-uolawG @ @ @ @ @ ?

“vGwfvyfa&;ukdjrwfEkd;ol u|eo f abmufvufatmufraevdo k l” to#io f nfum; tpmiwfcHqENjyjcif; xdpk um;awmif ray:ao;cif vGwfa&;w&m;a[mcJhol?

tarSmifacwfrSmbJjzpfjzpf tvif;acwfrSmbJjzpfjzpf aemuf_yD; tarSmifacufrSmbJjzpfjzpf -u,fpifawGºuG a omG ;onf [kww f ,f tav;jyK-uyg @ @ @ @ @?

a-omf @ @ @ @ @ to#if e,fcsJ@vufatmuf 'l;raxmufbJ to#io f mao 0D&owWd jynfht0jzifh to#ief mrnfraoyg e,fcsJ@tm%m rr+ygbJ vGwv f yfa&;. rD;&SL;wefaqmif f nfum; ta-umufw&m; Avmewˆ d to#io f em;rSm&Sd u|Eyfk o f o d nf t}udr}f udrf axmifus u|Eyfk t u| E y k f w f @ k d u rB m rS m &S d ra-umufw&m;a[mcJo h ?l u|Eyfk w f dk@wawGoo d nf? usL;ausmv f mol e,fcs&J ;l ukd jynfot l rsm; cku d cf u dk w f ek af tmif a-omf @ @ @ @ @ to#if f eD&aJ omaoG; a-umuf&HG ah ecsed f to#i. &J & if h a jymif ajrmufaomowWd “u&ufa'gufxGufoGm;”[lI toufyifao jywfom;aomqH;k jzwfcsuEf iS hf axmifukdyifra-umuf xda&mufaom &J&0J 0hH hH ajymqdck _hJ yD; }uKd ;yrf;vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;ukd f dk@ .tonf;ESv;kH 0,f jrefrmhrsK;d rmefjycJo h ?l u|Eykf w ckid rf maomtkyjf rpf wnfaqmufxm;_yD a-omf@ @ @ @to#if? 7JabmfjrifhaZmf (AASYC)

&cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf? &cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf?

a*g,mu|ef;u ae0ef;

7JabmfjrifhaZmf (AASYC)

&cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf? &cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf?

'gayrJh @ @ @ @ @ -u,fpifawGaxmifaomif;ruxufvif;wJh tm&S&@J ae0ef; jrefrmjynf&J@ae0ef; tarSmifacwfxrJ mS &J&aJ wmufcw hJ m -u,fpifawG&J@ ocif odk@r[kwf @ @ @ @ @ to#ifOwWr @ @ @ @ @? (od@k r[kwf olwdk@b0tvif;&zdk@ taemufuae0ef;xGe;f cJo h nf) ordkif;udkzHk;zd ausmuf&yk u f _kd zKd cs a*g,mu|e;f uae0ef;udk arhcsif-uolawG @ @ @ @ @ ? ykPÖm;uRefZl;a0 6?9?2005 &cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf?

e,fcsJŒawmfvSefa7;

acgif;aqmif}uD; q7mawmfOD;OwWr urBmwcGif/aer0if[k ac:wGifjyK-u/ _Adwdo#wdk@ rmeatmifoH/ rdk;odk@vGefr# tm;tifjyI/ tm&SwcGif _yJ_yJpifatmif/ csnfaESmif}udK;wkwf e,fcsŒ J ,kww f Œ kd aoG;pkycf s,v f , S af ecsed w f iG ?f _Adwdo#xH/ u|efrcH[k tmcH&o J /l TZrŠLwGif ay:olr&Sd/ }uD;bdpGrf;tif wdk@ocif[k xdyfwGifwifxm;/ e,fcsJ@rsm;udk rkef;xm;&efaxmif/ “ay:xGef;atmif”wnf;? ay:xGef;atmifv#if/ i,frnfwGifonfh o#ifOwWr/ bGJ@emrESifh tm&SwcGif/ _yJ_yJpifatmif t&Sifbk&m;/ rdef@jrGuf-um;onf pdwfxm;qdk;,kwf/ e,fcsJ@pkyfudk &dkufykwfarmif;xkwf-u&efwnf;? t&Sifbk&m;/ a[mw&m;a-umifh trsm;Adkvfvl/ jrefjynfolwdk@ pdwfrljyif;jy/ awmfvSef-uonf zdk;ztar$ &&efwnf;? b0ay;vSL/ jynfol@twGuf toufriJh/ e,fcsJ@pepf tjrpfrusef/ awmfvSef&ef[k tm;oGef}udK;pm;/ o#ifbk&m;udk pdwfxm;,kwfrm/ rm,m-uG,fvS _Adwdo#wdk@/ a-umif;-uylyif ta-umufvGefI }uHzefcsKyfaESmif/ tusOf;axmifwGif ydwfavSmifzrf;qD; xm;cJhonf? e,fcsJ@rsKd;,kwf/ trsKd;pkyfwdk@ csKyfaESmifaxmifcs/ &ufpuf-uvnf; vHk;0ra-umuf/ 'l;raxmufcJh? ,Hk-unfcsufESifh/ toufomao pdwf0,fr&GH@/ vufrwGef@ cJh e,fcsJ@rsKd;,kwf/ aoG;pkyfzkwfaumif zufqpfaumifwdk@/ aoG;a-umifcJh& “OwWr.”tm*owWd }uD;bdpGrf;tif wcGiftm&S/ Ed+if;r&wnf;//

urBmwcGif/ _yJ_yJpifr# }uD;bdpGrf;tif pGrf;tif}uD;rm;/ e,fcsJ@ rsm;udk jcm;em;awmfvSef/ rrSefrvkyf r[kwfrcH/ a&$Om%f}uD;&Sif to#if OwWr/ “rGD;cJh”onfhajr &ckdifjynfwnf;/ Zrnf “pHjr” ±ly&Gmae rdemrnfrl “atmifº uGol” wnf;? e,fcsJ@ vufatmuf/ u|efoabmufrS wa,mufrusef/ vGwfajrmuf&ef[k tm;oGefcJh&/ OwWr. b0ewfxH/ ysHvGefonfhESpf ouU&mZfrSm/ axmif;udk;&mESifh wpfrSmt,Gef;/ av;q,fpGef;wnf;? To#ifhaus;Zl;/ *k%ftxl;udk csD;usL;rukef/ jynft[kefr# to#ifbk&m;/ vGefrkef;xm;onfh rsKd;jcm;&efol/ e,fcsJ@ oltm; jynfoltm;vHk;pk&Hk; awmfvSef cJh-u_yD? to#ifbk&m;/ a[m-um;rdef@ rSm a'oemudk/ jynf&Gmwdkif;ol &cdkifvlwdk@ / em,lt_rJ pdwfrSmpGJvsuf &Sdygonf? to#ifowif;/ urBm&Sif;atmif cyif;jynfol/ &cdkifvlwdk@ *k%f,l jzef@ jzL; ygvdrfhrnf? to#ifbk&m;/ &ckdifom;[k 0ifhº uGm;*k%f,lrdygonf? to#ifbk&m;/ u|efav#mufxm;rnf to#ifta-umif;/ wdwfjzpfa[mif;udk jyefajymif;awG;v#if/ a&;a&;jrifrd rcsDb0if/ tu|ef&ifudkcGJyif cGJI jycsifbd? to#ifbk&m;/ u|efao#mufxm;rnf to#ifuG,fvGef/ wrvGefrS vrf;!$efygvSJ@ / vrf;!$efvSJ@ ?

edkifedkif(ppfawG) (9-9-2005)

&cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf?

aus;Zl ; &S i f

(66)ESpfajrmuf tm&SeD0ef;oQif&[ef;

taemufuae0ef; ta&S@ YxGef;I vGwfvrf;jrif& olw@kd b0Y t&Sifonfom jyKzl;ol @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? bke;f pnfol rSwfcsuf?

?(64) ESpaf jrmuf q&mawmft&SiOf ;D OwWrae@ txdr;f trSwu f Asmrsm;pmtkyrf u S ;l ,lazmfjyonf?

&cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf

q&mawmfOD;OwWrudk,fawmf}uD;onf jrefrmwrsKd; om;vHk; . aus;Zl ; &S i f } uD ; [k v nf ; aumif ; / ud k v d k e D q ef @ usif a &;wyf O D ; . t}uD ; trSL;ppfol}uD;[kvnf;aumif;/ jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;.rD;&SL;wefaqmif [kvnf;aumif;/ rsKd;cspftmZm enfjrefrmh om;aumif; om;jrwfwOD; tjzpf v nf ; aumif ; / jref r mh E d k i f i H a &;acgif ; aqmif p m&if ; 0if trS w f ( 1) yk*~dKvf}uD;[k vnf;aumif;/ ajrmufrsm; pGmaom *k%fxl;0daoo taygif; wdk@ udk cH,lxdkufatmif udk,fusKd;pGef@ v$wf tepfemcHcJhr+a-umifh udkvkdeD acwfOD; jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;ordkif; wGifyxrqHk; pmrsufESmrSxdkufxdkufwef wefxnfhoGif; todtrSwf jyKarmfuGef;xdk;&rnf?

“jrefrmhtrsK;d om;a&; v+y&f mS ;r+ukd wdu k &f nfcu kd &f nf oGi;f ay; vdu k w f hJ yk*~Kd vf rSm q&mawmfO;D OwWryif jzpfonf” a':atmifqef;pk-unf

twd w f u d k t 7if ; cH / ypP K y` e f u d k y pP n f ; -yK/ tem*gwf u d k 7 nf r S e f ;Ÿ 7J v #if } uH / ajumuf v #if - yef /

&cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf?

&cdkifjynfvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;ESifhvli,frsm;uGef*&uf (AASYC) rS jzefŒcso D nf?