September('05) 12 - Spoken English

I

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Ram:

Raghu, how tall are you?

Salesperson: The price has gone up by Rs. 3000/-

(®Ω°∂æ·, †’¢Áyçûª §Òúø’í∫’?) Raghu: I am 5'9". (؈’ 5'9") Does it mean you are taller than me by an inch? (Does it mean) inch Raghu: of course, and I weigh less than you by 5 Kgs 5 Kg

(üµ¿®Ω ´‚úø’¢Ë© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ °J-TçC. à ¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊ – by Rs.

Ram:

(Åçõ‰ = §Òúø¢√?) äéπ

†’´¤y Ø√éπØ√o

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬. ´’Sx FéπØ√o ؈’ •®Ω’´¤ ûªèπ◊\´)

Ram:

©

But the length of my shirt is more than yours by atleast 4 Cms. shirt shirt 4 Cms

(Å®·ûË Ø√ §Òúø-¢Á-èπ◊\´)

-F

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 29 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2005

éπçõ‰

3000/-) Practise the following in English: 1. Priya: Sekhar: Priya: Sekhar: Priya: Sekhar: Priya:

Ø√éπçõ‰ †’´¤y °ü¿l-¢√-úÕ¢√? Å´¤†’. éπFÆæç È®çúË∞¡Ÿx (by ¢√úøçúÕ). Åçü¿’-éπØ√ E†’o ´·çü¿’ °œL-î√®Ω’ Interview éÀ. áçûª-´·çüËN’öÀ? 10 EN’-≥ƒ-™‰í¬. Sreekanth á°æ¤p-úÌ-î √a-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ? Ø√ éπçõ‰ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’. Å®·ûË ÅûªEo Féπçõ‰ §ƒ´¤-í∫çô late í¬ °œL-î√®Ω’ éπü∆.

2. Santosh:

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 53 Raghu: That's because you are fatter than me by 3 Cms 3 Cms 'by' by

(†’´¤y Ø√éπØ√o ™«´¤-é¬-•öÀd) °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ¢√úøéπç í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ ´’üµ¿u à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ ûËú≈ ÖçC ÅØËC ü∆y®√ ûÁ©’°æ¤û√ç.

¢√öÀ üµ¿®Ω™ x ûËú≈ éπFÆæç 50 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’. Sunil: ¢√öÀ È®çúÕöx àC áèπ◊\´ •®Ω’´¤? áEo éÀ™©’? Santosh: Ç Â°ü¿lC, *†o-ü∆-E-éπØ√o 4 Kg©’ •®Ω’¢Á-èπ◊\´. Sunil: ÉC ü∆E-éπçõ‰ 50 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ ûªèπ◊\´. ANSWERS 1. Priya: Are you older than I/ me? Sekhar: Yes, atleast by 2 years.

The Indian is not so hardworking as the Japanese. (the Indians) (the Japanese) The cheetah ( all cheetahs is the fastest of all animals.

¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·©’

ï§ƒØ˛ ¢√∞¡xçûª éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-ߪ’®Ω’. *®Ω’-ûª-°æ¤L)

äéπ Åçí∫’∞¡ç ûËú≈ b) I weigh less than you by 5 kgs 5 Kg c) by atleast 4 cms 4 Cms d) fatter than I/ me by 3 cms = 3 Cms Prakash: Congrats, Lakshman. That was a marvellous game you played yesterday (Lakshman, congrats How many points did you win the match by? I know you were winning and left before the end of the match

FéπØ√o ؈’ éπFÆæç

ûªèπ◊\´ •®Ω’´¤

¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ áèπ◊\´

© ûËú≈.

E†o î√-™« ¶«í¬ Çú≈´¤).

(áEo §ƒ®·çôx ûËú≈ûÓ

Èí-L-î√´¤?).

(†’´¤y Èí©’-≤ƒh-´E ûÁLÆœ ´·çüË ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷†’). Lakshman: By nine points (9 points ûËú≈/ ÇCµ-éπu-ûªûÓ) Prakash:

At the half time itself you were leading by 4 points. (Half time 4 points That's a good lead.

Å°æ¤p-úË †’´¤y ÇCµ-éπu-ûª-ûÓ/ -ûË-ú≈ûÓ ´·çü¿’-Ø√o´¤) (´’ç* ÇCµ-éπuûË) Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ à ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ ûËú≈/-Ç-Cµ-éπuûª ÅØËC 'by'ûÓ îª÷°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oç éπü∆. a) Ç¢Á’ Ç¢Á’ îÁLx-éπçõ‰ È®çúË∞¡Ÿx °ü¿lC She is her sister's elder/ older than her sister by two years. b) necklace necklace

Ñ éπçõ‰ Ç ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-™„-èπ◊\´.

È®çúø’¢Ë©

This necklace is costlier than that by Rs. 2000/Salesperson: What do you want, please? Customer: How much is this wrist watch? watch Salesperson: It's Rs. 2000/-

(Ñ

êK-üÁçûª?) (È®çúø’ ¢Ë©

®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’) Customer:

But it was Rs 1700/- last week.

(í∫ûª-¢√®Ωç 1700 ÅØË

ÅØ√o®Ω’)

Is that why they called you earlier for the interview? Sekhar: How much earlier? Just by 10 minutes. Priya: When did Sreekanth come here? Sekhar: Half an hour earlier than I/ me (Earlier than I by half an hour) Priya: But they called him later than you by just 15 minutes. 2. Santosh: They differ in their prices by Rs 50/Sunil: Which of the two is the heavier, and by how many kgs? Santosh: The bigger one is heavier than the smaller by 4 kgs. Sunil: It costs less than that by Rs 50/-

The lotus is a lovely flower

û√´’®Ω °æ¤´¤y Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’çC (ÅEo û√´’®Ω °æ‹´¤©’ ÅE). äçõ„ áú≈-J™ ãúø ™«çöÀC The camel is the ship of the desert. Kuntala: Your friend Kamala has failed again friend fail

(O’ Å®·çC)

éπ´’© ´’S}

Karuna: She is lazy. The lazy never succeed

(Ç¢Á’ ≤Ú´’J. ≤Ú´’®Ω’x Nïߪ’ç

Priya:

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Anjan: Hi Arun, which is your most favourite wild animal?

(ÅúøN ´’%í¬-©™ FÈé-èπ◊\´ É≠æd-¢Á’i-†-üËC?) (°æ¤L)

Arun: The tiger, of course Anjan: Doesn't the lion look more majestic than the tiger? Amar:

(°æ¤L-éπØ√o Æœç£æ«ç™ áèπ◊\´ ®√ïÆæç éπ-E°œÆæ’hç-ô’çC éπü∆?) The elephant is my favourite (Ø√ favourite à†’í∫’). It looks grand and is not at all ferocious like the tiger or the lion. grand

(î√-™« í¬ éπ-E°œÆæ’hç-C. °æ¤L, Æœç£æ«ç-™«í¬ vèπÿ®Ω-¢Á’içC é¬ü¿’) Ééπ\úø, 'the' ¢√úøéπç îª÷úøçúÕ. The E Ééπ\úø countable singulars... lion, tiger, elephant The tiger, the lion, the elephant. The tiger is my favourite the tiger the lion, the elephant =

´·çü¿’ ¢√ú≈ç.

Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ Ç ñ«AéÀ îÁçC† ïçûª’-´¤©Fo ÅE. Å™«Íí Æœç£æ…©’, à†’-í∫’©÷ ÅE. The dog is a faithful animal

èπ◊éπ\ (ÅEo èπ◊éπ\©÷) N¨»y-Ææç-éπ© ïçûª’´¤(©’) äéπ ñ«AE ¢Á·ûªhç í∫’-Jç-* îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ countable singular ´·çü¿’ the ¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.

2. Pramod: Prasad: Pramod:

(*®Ω’-ûª-°æ¤-©’©’ ÅEo ïçûª’-´¤-©-éπØ√o ¢Ëí∫ç éπ©N)

By nine points.. a) you are taller than (I)/ me by an inch

Sasikanth:

§Òçü¿®Ω’). she not

She is rich of course, so does care.

(¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¶«í¬ úø•’sçC, Åçü¿’-éπE °ü¿lí¬ °æöÀdç-éÓü¿’) Kuntala: But not all the rich are like that.

í∫´÷uEo ü¿%≠œd™ Öç-éÌ-E éπ≠d-°æ æ-úË -¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ Nïߪ’ç ûªü∑¿uç

>çéπ î√™« ¢Ëí∫çí¬ °æJ-Èí-úø’-ûª’çC éπü∆? *®Ω’ûª°æ¤L (Cheetah) >çéπ éπçõ‰ ¢Ëí∫ç. -v°æéπ%-A-™ ≤ƒüµ¿’ v§ƒù’-©Íé -áèπ◊\-´ £æ…E ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ô’çC (≤ƒüµ¿’ v§ƒ-ù’©’ = Meek creatures). üË´¤-úø’ ≤ƒüµ¿’ v§ƒù’©†’ ®ΩéÀ~ç-îª-úËç-ö? ANSWERS

Sasikanth: Have you finished the assignment? Srikanth: No. I will begin it in the evening. Sasikanth: The lazy always postpone Srikanth: Do the industrious always succeed? Sasikanth: The industrious with a clear idea of their goals always succeed. 2. Pramod: Doesn't (Does not) the deer run very fast? Prasad: The cheetah is faster than the deer. Pramod: The meek always are harmed/ always suffer in nature. Wonder why God doesn't protect the meek (Wonder = I wonder -

Å®Ωnç 鬴--úøç-™‰-ü¿E/ ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ûÁ-©°æ-úøç)

from the ferocious. ♦

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í∫´’-Eéπ: Comparative degree ™ adjective Öçõ‰ than ûª®√yûª me or I? him or he? her or she? them or they? - -à-C -¢√-ú≈-©-ØË ÆæçüË£æ«ç ´Ææ’hçô’çC éπü∆. M. SURESAN

(Åçü¿®Ω’ üµ¿†´ç-ûª’©÷ Å™« Öçúø®Ω’ éπü∆) Karuna: That's right. Among the hardworking, there are many who are rich.

(ÅC Eï¢Ë’. éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îËÊÆ ¢√∞¡x™, î√™«-´’çC üµ¿E-èπ◊©’ ÖØ√o®Ω’) Ééπ\úø îª÷úøçúÕ: The rich, the lazy, the hardworking. rich (úø•’s†o, üµ¿E-èπ◊-™„j†), lazy (≤Ú´’J Å®·-†), hardworking (industrious) = éπ≠d-°æ æúË – Oô-Eoç-öÀF adjectives Åçö«ç – Åçõ‰ í∫’ù«-©†’ ûÁLÊ° °æü∆-©†o ´÷ô. ¢√öÀ´·çü¿’ the ¢√úÕûË Ç í∫’ùç í∫©-¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË ÅC plural. Tall = §Òúø-¢Áj†, the tall = §Òúø-í∫®Ω’x (plural); Fat = ™«¢Áj†, the fat = ™«´¤í¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx; poor = Hü¿, the poor = Hü¿-¢√∞¡Ÿx. 1) §Òúø-í∫®Ω’x §ÒöÀd-¢√∞¡x éπçõ‰ ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√®Ω’

Suman is taller than me/ taller than I. correct? Grammatical taller than I correct. modern usage taller/ stronger/ cleverer than me/ him/ her/ them/ us better. taller than I

Ñ È®ç-úÕç-öx àC ÅØËüË v°æ鬮Ωç

í¬

Å®·ûË

¶«í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™éÀ ´îËa™«çöÀC ÆœçC. ÉüË ¢√úø-úøç é¬Ææh ví¬çC∑éπç. É°æ¤púø’ Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø’éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË Ñ éÀçC ¢√é¬u©’ îª÷úøçúÕ. a) My friend likes the mango better than I b) My friend likes the mango better than me. Correct, a) mango mango b) mango clear (a) My friend likes the mango better than I do do extra

Ééπ\úø È®çúø÷ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ Å®√n-©ûÓ. èπ◊ Å®Ωnç. Ø√èπ◊ É≠ædç. Ç¢Á’èπÿ É≠ædç. Åçõ‰ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç. Ø√éπçõ‰ èπ◊ Å®Ωnç. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ؈çõ‰ É≠ædç. Å®·ûË Ç¢Á’èπ◊ °æôx Ö†oçûª É≠ædç Ø√°æôx ™‰ü¿’– ÅE. í¬ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ™ ÉC ÅE °æ-ü∆--Eo í¬ îË®Ω’-≤ƒh®Ω’.

The tall play better than the short. 2)

üµ¿E-èπ◊©’ Hü¿-¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷L. The rich should help the poor.

3)

üµ¿E-èπ◊©’ áèπ◊\´ üµ¿E-èπ◊-©-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Hü¿-¢√∞¡Ÿx Éçé¬ Hü¿-¢√-∞¡x-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ The rich are getting richer, the poor are getting poorer.

4)

≤Ú´’®Ω’x °jéÀ-®√®Ω’ The lazy never prosper

Practise the following in English: 1. Sasikanth: Assignment Sreekanth: Sasikanth: Sreekanth:

°æ‹Jh-îË-¨»-¢√? ™‰ü¿’. ®√vA v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒh. ≤Ú´’È®x°æ¤púø÷ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’. éπ≠d-°æ æ-úË-¢√-∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ Nïߪ’ç §Òçü¿’ûª’ç-ö«®√?

-v°æ- ¨¡o:

Did not he play cricket? Interrogative negative ‘not’ he

-Ñ -¢√éπuç-™ - ™ èπ◊ -´·ç-ü¿’ -´-*aç-C. é¬-E éÌ-Eo Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x °æ-vAéπ-™x, -•’é˙q-™ ‘not’ he èπ◊ -ûª®√y-ûª -´Ææ’hç-C. -ûË-ú≈ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. -Ö-ü∆: Did he not speak the truth? – -áç.Ææ’Í®ç-vü¿-Ø√-ü∑˛, -üµ¿-´-∞Ï-¨¡y®Ωç -ï-¢√--•’: (a) Did not he play cricket? ÅØ√o, (b) Did he not play Cricket? ÅØ√o äéπõ‰. (b) áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖçC. Å®·ûË, contracted form ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, (a) ´Ææ’hçC. Didn't (Did not he) he play cricket? ÉC spoken english ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøû√®Ω’.