September ('05)3 - Spoken English

I

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Ravi: Hi Rahul, going somewhere? (

£æ…-ß˝’ ®√£æ›-™ ¸, -áéπ\-úÕÈéj-Ø√ ¢Á∞¡Ÿûª’-Ø√o-¢√?)

Rahul: I am on my way to class. (Class Ravi: So early? ( Rahul: Yes. Our Classes are in the morning from 7. Classes Ravi: But I saw you at the temple on the morning of the 15th. (15

èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’)

Éçûª §Òü¿’l-ØËoØ√?) (´÷

Öü¿ßª’ç àúÕç-öÀéÀ)

´ û√Kê’ §Òü¿’l† E†’o í∫’úÕ™ îª÷¨»†’ ´’J)

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 8 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2005

a) We have classes in the morning everyday except on the morning of Sunday. b) The accident took place in the evening, it was on the evening of last Saturday, the 29th. Kumar: How do I go to Learnwell College from here? Learnwell College

(Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ᙫ ¢Á∞«}L?

éÀ

Kamala: You have been here for the past 15 days. Strange that you don't know the way yet. 15

(†’´¤y ®ÓV-©’í¬ Ééπ\úø’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆? ü∆J ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç N*-vûª¢Ë’)

c) During this period he has changed a lot Officer:

When did you take your degree?

®Ó-V-© -´·ç-ü¿’ in.. on

Rahul: Yes. The 15th was a Saturday. We did not have classes on the morning of Saturday. (15 classes Ravi: You were planning to go home, when are you leaving?

Officer:

(ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«}-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆, á°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) Rahul: Yes, on the evening of the 25th

(Å´¤†’, 25 ≤ƒßª’çvûªç) Ravi:

How do you spend your evenings?

(F´¤ ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√©’ àç îËÆæ’hçö«´¤?) Rahul: Usually I go for a long walk in the evening

(≤ƒßª’çvûªç ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ ¢√éÀç-í˚èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿûª’ç-ö«†’) Ééπ\úÕ Prepositions í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. in (the morning), on (the morning of saturday), in (the evening), on the (the evening of the 25th) etc. lesson Prepositions of time. 1) at, time 2) on, days and dates

éÀçü¿öÀ

™ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊éπ*aûªçí¬ °∂晫Ø√ ÅE ûÁLÊ° †oC.. ´·çü¿’, ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’; 3) in, months and years ´·çü¿’ ÅE. 4) in, ´u´Cµ (a period of time) †’ ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç. 'In' °æ‹ô© (Parts of the day) ´·çü¿’ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. In the morning, in the evening, in the after noon, in the night or at night. Krishna: When do you get up?

(F´¤ á°æ¤púø’ Evü¿ ™‰≤ƒh´¤?) Kesav: At 5 in the morning

(Öü¿ßª’ç âCç-öÀéÀ) Krishna: When do you usually have lunch? (Lunch Kesav: In the afternoon between 1.00 and 1.30

á°æ¤púø’ îË≤ƒh´¤?)

(´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 1, 1.30èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u) í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. °æ‹ô© (Parts of the day) ´·çü¿’ in ¢√úø-úø¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, morning, evening etc., ´·çü¿’ 'the' ûª°æpéπ ´Ææ’hçC. (In the morning, in the evening etc.) lesson conversation a) In the morning; On the morning of Saturday b) In the evening; on the evening of the 25th. morning, evening parts of the day in morning, evening on

Ñ

™

í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

Åçõ‰, ÅØË ´·çü¿’ ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË °∂晫Ø√ ®ÓV °∂晫Ø√ ûËD ņo°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀ´·çü¿’ ´Ææ’hçC.

Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™

®ÓV-©’í¬ †’ç* Ñ âü¿’ ®ÓV™x äéπ ´·çü¿’ ´Ææ’hçC. (°æC ®ÓV-©’í¬) ÅüË Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* ÅE. †’ç*) a) India has been independent for the past 58 years. b) India has been independent since 1947 a) b) a)

¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË– ¶µ«®Ωû˝ áØËo-∞¡Ÿxí¬ Ææyûªçvûª-üË-¨¡çí¬ Ö†oüÓ îÁ•’-ûÓçC. b) ¶µ«®Ωû˝ á°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Ö†oüÓ îÁ•’-ûÓçC éπü∆. Period of time èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ 'for', point of time (°∂晫Ø√ í∫çô †’ç*/ ®ÓV †’ç*/ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç*) ņo-°æ¤púø’ ‘since’ ¢√ú≈L. Since the vedic times (¢Ëü∆© é¬©ç †’ç*) à∞¡Ÿxí¬)

*´-®Ωí¬

-ï-†-´-J-™ 

a) I have not met him for the past/ the last four years and ten months

-Ø√-©’Íí∞¡x °æCØÁ©-©’í¬ Øˆ’ Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. b) I have not met him since January 2000 January 2000

†’ç* ؈-ûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.

Ç¢Á’ 2002 ´®Ωèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ È®çúË∞¡Ÿx °æE-îË-ÆœçC.

teacher

í¬

She worked as a teacher for about/ around two years till 2002. c) We reached home (at) about 1.30

(2002 ´®Ωèπ◊ È®çúË-∞¡x-§ƒô’ teacher í¬ ÖØ√o†’. Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Software Programmer í¬ ÖØ√o†’ (É°æp-öÀ -´-®Ωèπ◊/ Éçé¬) During your period as Software

Bhaskar: How long were you there yester-

Programmer what computer

day?

skills have you used?

(E†o †’´¤y Åéπ\úø áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o´¤?)

(Software Programmer

í¬ Ö†o 鬩ç™, à computer skills O’®Ω’ ¢√ú≈®Ω’?) É™« for, since, during ÅØË prepositions of time †’ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ´·êuçí¬ since ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷ èπÿú≈ verb, have been/ has

Bhavan: For over an hour (= for more than an hour =

í∫çô-èπ◊-°jí¬).

Bhaskar: When did he come?

(Åûªúø’ á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√aúø’?) Bhavan: It was over five when he came.

been; have + past participle/ has + Past par-

(Åûªúø’ ´îËa-Ææ-JéÀ 5 ü∆öÀçC.)

ticiple form

™ØË Öçö«®·. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ °∂晫Ø√ õ„jç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ω-èπ◊-í¬F, Éçé¬ ÅEí¬F Å®Ωnç 鬕öÀd. a) Delhi has been the capital of India since the time of the Pandavas

Corrections: : Spoken English 43
Column line prepositions of place and position-

(§ƒçúø-´¤© é¬©ç †’ç* ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ úµÕMx ®√ï-üµ∆-Eí¬ ÖçC– Åçõ‰ Éçé¬ ÅE èπÿú≈.) b) India was under the British rule during the

(¢√úø’ ††’o îª÷Æœ-†-°æpöÀ†’ç*).

(؈’ Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.)

b)

¢Ë’´· ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 1.30 éÀ ÉçöÀéÀ îË®√ç. õ„jç expression- 6 O' Clock, 5.30, 2.00 (AM/ PM)- OöÀ-´·çü¿’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Ç time èπ◊ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ at about Åçö«®Ω’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ at ´C-™‰Æœ Íé´©ç about èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. ã period of time ´·çü¿’ 'over' ´ÊÆh °jí¬ ÅE Å®Ωnç.

Software Programmer.

(´’J Ñ âü¿’-®Ó-V™x †’´¤y îËÆœçüËN’öÀ?)

(≤ƒßª’çvûªç 6.30, Ç v§ƒçûªç™)

-

Since then I have been a

Kumar: During these five days I have been busy buying books, clothes etc. prepositions of time: for, since, during. for the past 15 days - 15 Since last Sunday - last sunday During these 5 days 'for' period of time for an hour, for a day, for 10 days . since since 1999 (1999 since he last saw me

for the past last five thousand years (5000 I met him last in 2000 Jan 2000

What have you been doing

upto 2002.

Kamala: And what have you been doing during the 5 days?

Å®·çC?)

I was there for about half an hour.

™)

(Å°æpöÀ †’ç*– Since then O’Í®ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?)

Officer:

begin

(á°æ¤púø’ ´·T-ÆœçC?) Koushik: Around 8. (8, Ç v§ƒçûªç™) About, Around, ÅØË Ñ prepositions of time, ü∆ü∆°æ¤, ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ time †’ ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô-©´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç. a) ؈’ Åéπ\úø ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Å®Ω-í∫çô ÖØ√o†’

Candidate: I was a teacher for two years

(ÅüËçé¬ü¿’. ؈’ Ééπ\úø §Ú®·† M. SURESAN ÇC-¢√®Ωç †’çîË éπü∆ Ö†oC. Åçõ‰ 5 ®ÓV™‰)

á°æ¤púø’

Kushal: When did it end?

since then?

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 44 Kumar: No, not 15 days. I have been here only since last Sunday. Only 5 days.

(Meeting

Koushik: (At) about 6.30 in the evening

(O’®Ω’ úÕvU á°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’?)

Candidate: In April 2000 (April 2000

´ ûËD ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç. -Ç®Ó-V §Òü¿’l† ´÷èπ◊ ™‰´¤)

Kushal: When did the meeting begin?

(Ñ Ø√©’Íí-∞¡x-™ Åûªúø’ î√™« ´÷J-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’)

18th, 19th and part of the 20th Centuries




(18, 19

¨¡û√-¶«l©’, 20´ ¨¡û√•lç™ éÌçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ British §ƒ©-†™ ÖçC. Ééπ-§ÚûË about, around, prepositions of time í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖØ√o®·.




(6.9.2005 Ææç-*éπ)™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ *´®Ω, *´J ™ ''Oô-EoçöÀF Åçõ‰ v°æüË-¨»-©†’ ´’E≠œ/ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ Ö†o îÓôx†’ ûÁL-Ê°N Åçö«ç—— ÅE ´*açC. Åçü¿’èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ''Oô-Eoç-öÀE Prepositions of time—— ÅE îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-¢√L. Last Column 5´ ™„jØ˛™ – Kumar: (Over to Phone) •ü¿’©’ (Over Phone) ÅE Öçú≈L. Ñ éÀçC Vocabulary îª÷úøçúÕ Å†o Line éÀçü¿ ''É´Fo í∫’ù«-©†’ ûÁL-Ê°N—— ÅØË •ü¿’©’ ''OöÀ™ No. 1) í∫’ù«Eo, No. 2) and 3) °æ†’-©†’ ûÁLÊ°N—— ÅE îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-¢√L.

v°æ¨¡o: Ø√èπ◊ Active Voice, Passive éÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* äéπ doubt ÖçC. I shall do my home work passive Passive voice

®Ω÷°æç Öçô’çC. é¬E I shall go to market.. ™«çöÀ Öçúøü¿’. 鬮Ωùç àN’öÀ? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. – N.íı-ûªN’, û√öÀ-°æLx, éπKç-†-í∫®˝ >™«x ï¢√•’: I shall go to market- É™«çöÀ verbs (go - Ééπ\úø shall go) èπ◊ passive Öçúøü¿’. verb èπ◊ á´-JE, üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËa Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ passive Öçô’çC. Shall go- Ééπ\úø go Åçõ‰ ¢Á∞¡}úøç– á´-JE ¢Á∞¡}úøç, üËEE ¢Á∞¡}úøç ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’. 鬕öÀd passive Öçúøü¿’. 'do' Åçõ‰ üËEE îËߪ’úøç Åçõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ÖçC – 鬕öÀd ü∆EéÀ passive Öçô’çC. v°æ¨¡o: ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ õ„j¢˛’ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ O' clock ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ Åçö«®Ω’. ´öÀd Clock ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ņ-´-a-éπü∆! – Ƒ£«î˝.´’™‰x¨¡ç, ÆœCl-Ê°ô ï¢√•’: O' Clock Åçõ‰ of the clock. Of the clock E èπ◊Cç* îÁ°æpúøç, ®√ߪ’-úø¢Ë’ O' clock. Ééπ\úÕ apostrophe (') ´C-™‰ÊÆ ¨¡¶«lEo Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC. ´öÀd clock Åçõ‰ Ç Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. °æ‹®Ωh-®·† í∫çô-©èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ O' clock ¢√úøû√ç. 7.25 O' clock ņç. èπ◊

¢√é¬u-©èπ◊