September('05) 9 - Spoken English

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Ðû¦è[ªGanesh: Hi Harish, pleasure seeing you here. Welcome. Do come in.

(óÀª, KùÃ! Eìªo ÏÚÛ\è[ àŸ«è[è[Ù/ ìª÷±y ÏÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ô¦÷è[Ù à¦ö° ú£ÙêÁ-ù£ÙÞ¥ ÑÙC. ö˺í£-LÚ¨ ô¦!) Do come in = ö˺í£LÚ¨ ô¦ ÍE Þœæ¨dÞ¥ àµí£pè[Ù. Oª conversation ö˺ practise à¶óŸªÙè…. Harish: Pleasure is equally mine/ Pleasure is mine too. So this is your new home. Really splendid. The furniture is elegant too.

(û¦ÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ ú£ÙêÁù£ÙÞ¥ ÑÙC. Ïë]-ìo÷«å Oª Ú•êŸh Ïõªx. à¦ö° ò°ÞœªÙC. Oª íÆ£Jo-àŸô ÚÛ«è¯ à¦ö° û¦W-ÚÛªÞ¥ ÑÙC.) Ð 'pleasure' -expressions ÍFo conversational bits. Oª conversationö˺ î¦è[ªêŸ« ÑÙè[Ùè…. Splendid = excellent Elegant =

û¦W-·Újì

Þœªô¢ªî¦ô¢Ù 22 šúšídÙñô¢ª 2005

šíj ú£Ù-òÅ°-ù£-éö˺ made (make) êÁ ÷#aì prepositions Þœ÷ª-EÙàŸÙè…– made of, made from, made out of. 1) All the furniture is made of teak.

íÆ£Jo-àŸô ÍÙê¦ ç¶ÚÛªêÁ à¶ø‹ô¢ª. ÖÚÛ ÷ú£ªh÷± ë¶EêÁ Íô³û¦ à¶óŸª-è¯Eo ÍÙæ°Ù. `of' ÏÚÛ\è[ êŸí£p-E-ú£J.

made of

We make tables of wood.

(÷ªìÙ tables (çµóÀª-ñªöËÀq)ìª àµÚÛ\êÁ à¶þ§hÙ.) a) Ð ôÁVö˺x ÷ªìÙ Eô¦t-é°-÷-ú£-ô¦-õÚÛª Ïìª÷³, ÑÚÛª\êÁ à¶ú‡ì šíjí£±-õÚÛª ñë]ªõª Þœæ¨d ð§xú‡d-ÚÂêÁ à¶ú‡ì šíjí£±-õû¶ î¦è[ª-꟪û¦oÙ. Nowadays we are using pipes made of (pipes of) hard plastic instead of pipes made of iron and steel for construction purposes. (finished product) made of

êŸóŸ«-·ôjì ÷ú£ªh÷± ë¶EêÁ êŸóŸ«·ôjìëÁ ÚÛEí‡ú£«h ÑÙç¶ Íí£±pè[ª ÍÙæ°Ù. This Table is made of wood- Íìo-í£±pè[ª àµÚÛ\

pieces. curtain b) She made a beautiful figure out of the pieces of coloured paper.

(Î <ô¢õ ÷³ÚÛ\-õêÁ Î

à¶ú‡ÙC.)

(Î ô¢ÙÞœª Ú¥T-ê¦õ ÷³ÚÛ\-õêÁ ò˹÷ªt êŸóŸ«ô¢ª à¶ú‡ÙC). ÏD made of, made from, made out of ÷ªëÅ]uê¶è¯.

ò°ÞœªÙë¯? ÏÙêŸ ÓÙè[ö˺ í£åªd vèµúà Óö° î¶ú£ªÚÛªÙæ°÷±? àµ÷ªå í£åd-è[Ù-ö¶ë¯? sweat- àµ÷ªå – šúyæËÀ Suseela: ö¶ë]ª. û¶ìª ÓÚÛª\-÷-›úí£± ÷« Óú‡ ÎíƈúÃö˺û¶ ÑÙæ°Þ¥? Suguna:

Answers:

1. Raghu: What do you want, sir?

of... from... out of made of. 2) The sweet is made from flour and milk.

ÚÛEí‡-ú£«hû¶ ÑÙåªÙC. Ú¥ñæ¨d

(Î úˆyæËÀ í‡Ùè…, ð§õêÁ à¶þ§hô¢ª (à¶óŸª-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC)). ÏÚÛ\è[ made êŸô¦yêŸ from ÷þ¼hÙC ÚÛë¯! í‡Ùè…, ð§õêÁ(from flour and milk) Íìo-í£±pè[ª ÏÚÛ\è[ êŸóŸ«-·ôjì ÷ú£ªh÷± (finished product) Ô í£ë¯-ô¦n-

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 50

Your drink is good. How did you make it? Ganesh: Thank you. The furniture is all made of teak. Dad got the wood specially from Bhadrachalam forests. How about having this sweet? It's vilakand. Mom's (Mom has) made it.

(íÆ£Jo-àŸô ÍÙê¦ ç¶ÚÛªêÁ à¶ú‡Ùë¶. ÷« û¦ìo-Þ¥ô¢ª òÅ¡vë¯-àŸõÙ Íè[÷±õ ìªÙ# êµí‡pÙ-à¦ô¢ª. Ð úˆyæËÀ Bú£ªÚÁ. ÍC Nö°ÚÛÙèÂ. Í÷ªt à¶ú‡ÙC.) Harish: (After taking a bite) It's delicious! What's the stuff it is made of?

((Ú•ÙêŸ AE) à¦ö° ô¢ª#Þ¥ ÑÙC. ë¶EêÁ à¶þ§hô¢ª DEo?) stuff = í£ë¯ô¢nÙ Ganesh: It's a new variety. It is made from a mix of rice and wheat flour, milk, ghee etc.

(GóŸªu-í‡pÙè…, ÞÁëÅ]ª-÷ª-í‡Ùè…, ð§õª, ûµô³u ÚÛLí‡ à¶þ§hô¢ª.) ûËÁæËÀ: Nö°-ÚÛÙè úˆyæËÀ ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é ÚÁú£Ù ÚÛLpÙ#ìC ÷«vêŸî¶ª. êŸóŸ«-ô¢ªà¶›úÙë]ªÚÛª ví£óŸª-AoÙ-àŸ-ÚÛÙè…. (flour = í‡Ùè…, pronunciation- íÆ£xÍ, flour, flower - ·ôÙè…Ùæ¨Ú© Ö¸Ú pronunciation) Harish: That flower vase stand over there, that particularly attracts me. Is it very expensive?

(ÍÚÛ\è… íÆ£xÍ î¦âÉÀ þ§dÙè à¦ö° ò°ÞœªÙC. ÍC à¦ö° ÜKë¯?) flower vase= í£²õªÙචޥV/ åöËÀð§vêŸ vase- pronunciation- British - î¦âÉÀ, American - îµóÀª-úÃ/-îµ-óÀªâÉÀ) Ganesh: No. Our carpenter made it out of the wooden pieces left over.

(ö¶ë]ª. NªT-L-ð¼-ô³ì àµÚÛ\÷³-ÚÛ\-õêÁ ÷« ÷vè[ÙT ë¯Eo à¶ø‹è[ª.) left over = NªT-L-ð¼-ô³-ÙC. eg. She gave the left overs to the beggar.

(Î NªT-L-ð¼-ô³ì î¦æ¨E GàŸa-Þ¥-è…Ú¨ Ï#aÙC.)

õêÁ (raw material - ÷³è…-ú£-ô¢ªÚÛª/ ú£ô¢ª-ÚÛªõª) êŸóŸ«·ôjÙëÁ ÚÛEí‡Ù-àŸë]ª. Ú¥ñæ¨d made from. Made of ÚÛª, made from ÚÛª ê¶è¯ Þœ÷ª-EÙàŸÙè…. ÍÙê¶-Ú¥-ÚÛªÙè¯ ·ôÙè[ª, ÷´è[ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±õ ÚÛõ-ô³-ÚÛêÁ êŸóŸ«-·ôj-ì-í£±pè[ª ÚÛ«è¯ from Ñí£-óµ«-TÙ-à¦L. a) Ú¥T-ê¦Eo àµêŸhêÁ (ìªÙ#) êŸóŸ«ô¢ª à¶þ§hô¢ª. Paper is made from waste material. Paper `from'. b) The doctor made this medicine from some herbs. herbs) 3) Our carpenter made it out of the wooden pieces.

ö˺ àµêŸh ÚÛEí‡Ù-àŸë]ª Ú¥ñæ¨d è¯ÚÛdô Р÷ªÙë]ª Ú•Eo ÷´L-ÚÛ-õêÁ à¶ø‹ô¢ª.

(÷´L-ÚÛõª=

(÷« ÷vè[ÙT DEo NªT-L-ð¼-ô³ì àµÚÛ\-÷³-ÚÛ\-õêÁ êŸóŸ«-ô¢ª-à¶-ø‹è[ª.) ÏÚÛ\è[ out of î¦è[ª-꟪û¦oÙ. Ú•Eo ÷ú£ªh-÷±-õ쪖 ÓÚÛª\÷Þ¥ Ö¸Ú ô¢Ú¥EN Íô³ìí£±pè[ª `make out of' ÍÙæ°Ù. a) She made the curtain out of the sari

Now practise the following aloud in English. 1) Raghu: Ram:

ÔÙ Ú¥î¦-õÙè† OªÚÛª? ñõxõª, ÚÛªKaõª ÷ªÙ#-î¶-÷ªû¦o Ñû¦oó¶ªîµ« àŸ«ú£ªhû¦o. Raghu: Ð ñõxõª, ÚÛªKaõª àŸ«è[Ùè…. Ram: ÍN ð§xú‡d-ÚÂêÁ à¶ú‡ìN ÚÛë¯. û¦ÚÛª ÷ªÙ# ç¶ÚÛªêÁ à¶ú‡ìN Ú¥î¦L. Raghu: ÍN ÍÚÛ\-è[ªû¦oô³. ÷ªÙ# ç¶ÚÛªêÁ, NNëÅ] M. SURESAN ô¢Ú¥õè…âµj-ìxö˺. Ram: ÏN ò°Þ¥û¶ Ñû¦oô³. û¦ÚÛª Ú•Eo í£ô¢ª-í£±õª, CÙè[ªx Ú¥î¦L. Raghu: ÏÚÛ\-è[ª-û¦oô³ àŸ«è[Ùè…. î¶ú£-Nö˺ ÏñsÙC ö¶ÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙæ°ô³. ÑêŸh þ§pÙâÉÀêÁ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ sponge, rubberized íˆàŸªêÁ êŸóŸ«-·ôj-ìN. (íˆàŸª= coir) Ram: ÍC ú£¸ô. ëÅ]ô¢õª Óæ°x Ñû¦oô³? 2) Suguna: ìªNy-#aì vè…ÙÚ à¦ö° ò°ÞœªÙC. Óö° à¶ø‹÷±? Suseela: v믤Ûô¢ú£Ù, ÚÛ÷ª-ö°-ô¢ú£Ù, Ú•ClÞ¥ ÍõxÙô¢ú£Ù, ë¯ÙêÁ-ð§åª í£ÙàŸ-ë¯ô¢, NªJ-óŸ«õ-ð»è… ÚÛL-í‡ì NªvøŒ-÷ªÙêÁ. (Þœ÷ª-EÚÛ: ÏC Ð î¦uú£Ù ÚÁú£Ù ô¦ú‡Ùë¶. ví£óŸªêŸoÙ à¶óŸª-ÚÛÙè….) Suguna: à¦ö° ò°ÞœªÙC. Ïë¶Ùæ¨ Ð vèµúÃ? Suseela: îµ³êŸhÙ í£åªdêÁ êŸóŸ«ô¢ª à¶ú‡ÙC

ví£øŒo: An awareness programme will be held at kurnool on saturday. Ð î¦ÚÛuÙ future tense a) An amount of Rs. 104 crores would be paid in Rajampet constituency of Cuddapah district on Saturday. Indirect Speech past tense refer

ö˺ ÑÙë]E êµõªú£ª. Íô³ê¶ Ð î¦ÚÛuÙ àŸ«è[Ùè….

·ôÙèÁ î¦ÚÛuÙ ö˺ ÑÙë¯? ö¶ë¯ ¸Ú÷õÙ ìª à¶ú£ªhÙë¯? û¶ìª ›íí£ôÁx ú£÷«-à¦ô¢Ù àŸ«›ú-û¦-æ¨Ú¨ è[ñªs í£Ùí‡é© áJ-Tìæ°x ö¶ë¯ áô¢Þœìæ°x? b) 'Dr YSR is sure that availability of funds would not be a hindrance'- Ð î¦ÚÛuÙ Indirect Speech Íìª-ÚÛªÙç¶ YSR was sure ÍE ÑÙè¯L ÚÛë¯! Ú¥F ÓÙë]ªÚÛª News paper ö˺ is sure ÍE î¦è¯ô¢ª? ÖÚÛ-î¶üŒ is sure ÍE î¦è¯Lq ÷›úh will be hindrance ÍE ÑÙè¯L ÚÛë¯! N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª. – ÓúÃN FL÷ª, ò˹õx-÷ô¢Ù

I am looking for good tables and chairs. Raghu: How about these tables and chairs, sir? Ram: They are made of plastic. I want tables and chairs made of good teak. Raghu: There they are sir. Of good teak and in a variety of designs. Ram: They're (they are) OK. I need some mattresses and pillows too. mattress bed = Raghu: Here are they sir. Made from Sponge, rubberized coir- no problem in summer as they are not made only of sponge. Ram: That's OK. How much are they? 2) Suguna: Your drink is good. How did you make it? Suseela: From a mix of grape juice, orange juice, ginger extract, sugar, and a little pepper powder. (ginger = extract = Suguna: Really fine. How about this dress of yours? Suseela: It is made of pure silk. Is it good? Suguna: How are you able to wear it in such hot sun? Don't you sweat? Suseela: No. I am most of the time in our air conditioned office. Ram:

= í£ô¢ªí£± í£ô¢ª-í£±êÁ Ñìo ÷ªÙàŸÙ

ÍõxÙ,

Bú‡ì ô¢ú£Ù)

Íí£±pè[ª Oª sentence DEÚ¨ continuation Íô³ê¶ ÚÛ·ô¸Úd. Íö° Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ an amount of Rs. 104 Crore would be paid... Íû¶C independent sentence Íô³ê¶ ÏÚÛ\è[ would be paid ÚÛ·ôÚÂd Ú¥ë]ª. ÏÚÛ\è[ ÑÙè¯Lqì verb will be paid. Íë¶ ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. Oªô¢ª ›íí£ô àŸC-î¶-û¦-æ¨Ú¨ í£Ùí‡é© áô¢-Þœ-ìç¶x. Future ö˺ áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ÙC ÍE Íô¢nÙ. b) Dr YSR is sure that the availability of funds would not be a hindrancemain clause verb sub-ordinate clause verb Dr YSR is sure report will not be sentence correct form. Dr report YSR was sure YSR report was) would not be- correct.

÷ªìÙ Óí£±pè[ª

ìª ñæ¨d ìª ú£÷-JÙ-à¦L. ÍE à¶ú£ªhÏÚÛ\è[ Íû¶ ô¦î¦L. Íë¶ Ð ì-í£±pè[ª áî¦ñª: a) An amount of Rs. 104 ñæ¨d ÷«vêŸî¶ª àµí£p-ÞœõÙ. ÍÙêŸÚÛª ÷³Ùë]ª ÚÛª ÖÚÛ î¶üŒ crores would be paid in Rajampet con- î¦ÚÛuÙ Ïö° ÑÙë]-ìª-ÚÁÙè…– The Minister ÍE ඛúh (ÓÙë]ªsaid that money would be disbursed to stituency of Cuddapah district on ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ñìo ú‡nAE Ïí£±pè[ª ÚÛÙç¶ Saturday- Ð î¦ÚÛuÙ Indirect Speech ö˺ the deserving (Íô¢ª|-öµjì î¦JÚ¨ è[ñªs Ï÷yà¶ú£ªhû¦oÙ Ú¥ñæ¨d ÑÙë¯ ö¶ë¯ Íû¶C, ÍÙêŸÚÛª ÷³Ùë]ª î¦Ú¥uEo ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC.) Ð sentence ÑÙë]ìªÚÛªÙç¶