September ('05)4 - Spoken English

I

-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Subhash: Hi pranav, How are you getting along? Pranav:

O fine. How is it with you?

Subhash: Fine too, thanks. Where in the work have you been? Ages since we met.

(Éçûª-鬩ç áéπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤. ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’éÌE ߪ·í¬-©-®·-†-ô’xçC). -É´Fo èπÿú≈ èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o©’. Pranav: I was in Bangalore for a month from Aug. 1st to/ till Aug 31st, and then in Chennai from Sept. 1st to/ till Sept 6 th, and since then here. (Bangalore

™ äéπ-ØÁ©, Chennai ™ Sept. 6 th ´®Ωèπ◊. Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Ééπ\úø)

Subhash: Happy you are back, and in a good shape too. You remember

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 11 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2005

Pratibha: When is he here everyday? Prabha: He is here from morning 9 till evening 5. Pratibha: Is he here upto 5? (5 ´®Ωèπ◊ Öçö«ú≈?) Prabha: He is here until 5 everyday.

(v°æA-®ÓW 5 ´®Ωèπ◊ Öçö«-úÕ-éπ\úø) '´®Ωèπ◊— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ to, upto, till, until ÅFo äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË spoken English ™ to, till ¢√úøéπç áèπ◊\´. Sriram: Raghu, for how long has your sister been here? Raghu: for the past five days, since the 4th of this month. from èπ◊, since èπÿ ûËú≈: 'from' ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬

°∂™æ «† Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* °∂™æ «† Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπ◊, ÅØË expressions ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË since

´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ prepositions position and time ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.

ANSWERS:

of place,

a) Our office is on the 2nd floor. It is just

Now practice the following sentences/ conversation aloud in English. a) ´÷ Office È®çúÓ Åçûª-Ææ’h™  ÖçC. ÅC ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Åçûª-Ææ’h-™E fancy shop °j† ÖçC.

above the fancy shop on the first floor. b) Sunil: Where is the book? Anil: In the shelf. Sunil: I thought it was in the box. I

my cousin Harsha? He is here now. He has been here since the last Saturday. He will be here upto the end of this month.

(†’´¤y Ç®Óí∫uçûÓ AJT ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç. -´÷ éπ->-Ø˛ £æ«®Ω{ í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o-ú≈? -Å-ûª-E°æ¤p-úø’ -Ééπ\-úË -Ö-Ø√o-úø’ -§Ú®·-† -¨¡-E¢√®Ωç -†’ç-*. -Ñ -ØÁ-™«-ê®Ω’ -´®Ωèπ◊ -Öç-ö«-úø’)

till.. until.. searched inside the box. b) Sunil:

Pranav: What does he do here until then?

(Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ééπ\úøûªØËç îË≤ƒhúø’?)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 45

Subhash: He is attending coaching classes for ICET.

(Ééπ\úø Åûªúø’ ICET Coaching BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’) Ñ Conversation ™E prepositions: of, from, to, since, till, until, upto.

´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’– from Åçõ‰ '†’ç*—– °∂晫† Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* ÅF, to Åçõ‰ °∂晫† Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπÿ ÅE. 'from-to' ïûªí¬ ´Ææ’hç-ö«-®·-éπü∆– Ñ ïûªèπ◊ Å®Ωnç: °∂晫† Æ洒ߪ’ç/ ®ÓV/ ¢√®Ωç/ ØÁ©/ Ææç´ûªq®Ωç †’ç* (from) °∂晫† Æ洒ߪ’ç/ ®ÓV/ ¢√®Ωç/ ØÁ©/ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ´®Ωèπ◊ (to) ÅE. Sukanya:

What are your college hours?

(O’

College

¢Ë∞¡-™‰-N’-öÀ?)

Ramakanth: Our College works from 9 am

He was teacher here from 2003 to 2004 (È®çúø÷ past) b) Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø Öçú≈-Lq† period 2004 †’ç* 2006

´®Ωèπ◊.

to 4 pm.

(´÷ College 9 †’ç* °æE-îË-Ææ’hçC) Sukanya:

Å™«-é¬ü¿’. í∫ûçª ™ °∂™æ «† Æ洒ߪ’ç/ û√Kê’/ ¢√®Ωç/ ØÁ©/ Ææç´-ûqª ®Ωç †’ç* É°æpö- ´-À ®- Ωèπ◊, Éçé¬ ÅØË Å®Ωçn ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç. í∫ûçª ™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* í∫ûçª ™- ØË ÉçéÓ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®Ωèπ◊ Å®·Ø√, í∫ûçª ™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* present (v°Ææ æ’hû- çª )™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®Ωé- π®- ·Ø√, í∫ûçª ™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* future ™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®ΩÈ- éØj √, future ™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* ÉçéÓ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´®ΩÈ- éØj √ from ´÷vû¢ª ’Ë ¢√úøû√ç to ûÓ. a) Çߪ’† 2003†’ç* 2004´®Ωèπ◊ Ééπ\úø teacher í¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’.

4

´®Ωèπÿ

Do you have classes upto?

(-O’èπ◊ Ø√©’í∫’´®Ωèπ◊ Öçö«ßª÷?)

Classes

Ramakanth: Except on Saturdays when the College works until 2 pm.

(äéπ\ ¨¡E-¢√®Ωçûª°æp – Ç®ÓV 2´®ΩÍé) îª÷¨»-®Ω’-éπü∆: from Åçõ‰ °∂晫† time/ day/ week/ years etc., -†’ç-* -Å-E. To Åçõ‰ °∂晫† time/ day/ week/ years etc., -´®Ωèπ◊ ÅE. Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ to èπ◊ •ü¿’©’, till èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç, ´®Ωèπ◊ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.

Her period/ tenure here is from 2004 to 2006. (from the past to the future) c) Cricket matches 2005 December †’ç* 2006 January ´®Ωèπ◊. The Cricket matches are from Dec 2005 to January 2006. (Both future) Since: Past™ ã time †’ç* (from some time - ´-À ®- Ωèπ◊ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√ú≈in the past) É°æpö LqçC Since ´÷vû¢ª ’Ë . from ¢√-úçø . My sister has been here since 2004 February. (2004 February †’ç* ´÷ sister Ééπ\úË ÖçC) ´÷´‚-©’í¬ She has been here from 2004

ņç.

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. O’®Ω’

A, An í∫’Jç* É*a† N´-®Ωù °æ‹Jhí¬ ™‰ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ éÌ-Eo Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x capital letters ´*a-†-°æpöÀéà a ¢√úø-û√ç. Öü∆: A Union, A European, A

One-way traffic etc., 2. ‘Mother loves her child’ wrong widest sense article beautiful All Roses rose

ÅØ√o®Ω’. é¬E ™ ®√ü¿’. Öü∆: Rose is ņo-°æ¤púø’ ÅE Å®Ωnç. A rose Åçõ‰ äÍé Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆! -Å°æ¤p-úø’ ÅEo Roses Åçü¿-¢Á’i-†N ÅE Å®Ωnç-®√ü¿’. DE í∫’Jç* °æ‹Jh N´-®Ωù -É-´yí∫-©®Ω’. 3. Water uncountable éπ†’éπ plural - ‘s’ ®√ü¿’ ÅØ√o®Ω’. é¬E ´Ææ’hçC. Deep waters, Troubled waters ÅE Åçö«ç éπü∆! N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 4. I get up at 6 a.m. ņo-°æ¤púø’ Everyday ÅE ®√ߪ’éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ÅC habitual éπ†’éπ everyday ÅE ®√ߪ’èπÿ-úøü¿’. N´--Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. – -N.-N.-Ç®˝.Èé.®√-´¤, -N-¨»-ê°æ-ôoç

Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç áéπ\úø’çC? Anil: Ç shelf ™ Sunil: ؈’ Ç Â°õ„d™  Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊Ø√o. ™°æ-©çû√ ¢Á-Aé¬. M. SURESAN Anil: Ç shelf ™ F note book O’ü¿ ÖçC. Sunil: ؈’ E†o-öÀ-†’ç* ü∆E-éÓÆæç ¢Á-Aé¬. c) Prabhat: Ç match áéπ\úø ïJ-TçC? Prakash: ´÷ college play grounds ™ Prabhat: á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçC? Prakash: E†o §Òü¿’l† àúÕç-öÀéÀ ¢Á·ü¿™„j ûÌN’tCç-öÀéÀ Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. Prabhat: Sunday morning èπÿú≈ Match ÖçúÕçü∆? Prakash: Matches ÅFo mornings ïJ-í¬®·. Sunday morning ïJ-T† match î√© interesting í¬ ÖçC. d) Suseela: ØËE-éπ\úø 2003 †’ç* ÖØ√o. äéπ\≤ƒJ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Charminar °jéÀ ¢Á∞«x†’. éÀçü¿èπ◊ CT ´îËa-ô°æ¤púø’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ °æúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Sucharita: F ¢Á†’é¬, F ´·çü¿÷ á´®Ω÷ ™‰®√ EØ√o-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ? Suseela: Ææ ’v°œßª ’ áéπ\úÓ Â°j† ÖçC. Sulekha Ø√éπçõ‰ î√© éÀçü¿ ÖçC. ØËØË á™«íÓ control îËÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o. Sucharita: ÉüÁ-°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçC? Suseela: ã January ≤ƒßª ’çvûªç. ã ÇC-¢√®Ωç.

-ï-¢√-•’: 1. A, An í∫’Jç* -N-´-Jç-*-† Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç-™ áéπ\ú≈ Capital letters

´·çü¿’ a/ an ¢√úø-èπÿ-úø-ü¿Eí¬-F, ¢√úøç ÅEí¬F ™‰ü¿’éπü∆. 2. countable, singular áéπ\úø ÖØ√o ü∆E´·çü¿’ a/ ané¬F, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd 'The' é¬F ¢√úø-´-©-ÆœçüË. Mother loves her Child ûªÊ°péπü∆. 'mother' countable singular éπ†’éπ. A/ anèπ◊ 'äéπ— ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, 'any' ÅE, 'all' ÅF èπÿú≈ Å®√n©’Ø√o®· éπü∆. Generalise îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ A mother loves her child Åçö«ç. ü∆E Å®Ωnç every mother ÅE, ™‰-ü∆ 'any mother' ÅE. ÅçûË-é¬F äéπ mother ÅE é¬ü¿’. 'A dog is a faithful animal' ņo-°æ¤púø’ A dog = all animals of the species (Ç ñ«AéÀ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC). O’®Ω-†oô’x, Countable singular, Widest sence ™ A/ an ®√EC äéπ\ 'Man' N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ ØË. eg: Man is mortal: Man proposes, God disposes. N’í∫û√îÓôx éπ*aûªçí¬ àüÓ äéπ article ®√¢√-LqçüË éπü∆. 'Rose' is beautiful ņ-úøç ûªÊ°p. A rose (any rose/ every rose) is beautiful ņ-úøç correct. 'A/

(search for =

¢Áü¿-éπôç)

I looked for it inside the box. Anil: It is on the notebook in the shelf. Sunil: I have searched for it since yesterday. c) Prabhat: Where did the match take place? (take place =

ï®Ω-í∫-úøç)

Prakash: On our college playgrounds. Prabhat: When? Prakash: It began at 7 in the morning yesterday and was over by 9 Prabhat: Was there a match on Sunday morning too? Prakash: All matches were in the morning. But the match on Sunday morning was very interesting. d) Suseela: I have been here since 2003 but

I

have

been

up

the

Charminar only once. While coming down I almost fell. (almost =

ü∆ü∆°æ¤)

Sucharita: Was there none before you and behind you to stop you? Suseela: Supriya was far above me, and sulekha far below me. I controlled myself somehow. (far =

(Ééπ\úø) î√©)

Sucharita: When did this happen? Suseela:

On a January evening, on a Sunday.

an' The rose (all flowers of the rose species) is beautiful 'Rose' is beautiful Rose Oxford/ longman's/ Collins Dictionary/ any standard grammar book. plural form 3. Waters (Eg: The waters of the Krishna (river). Water Water dissolves salt. Waters uncountable. 4. I get up at 6 AM every day

é¬éπ-§ÚûË,

ÅØÁjØ√ ÅØ√L. éπÈ®é˙d é¬ü¿’ Å-ØË-C -Å´÷t®· Ê°È®jûË ûª°æp. (îª÷úøçúÕ.

ÅØË èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπ †C-/ Ææ´·-vü¿ç-™E F∞¡Ÿx ÅE. ´÷´‚©’ F∞¡} í∫’-Jç-* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÅØË Åçö«ç. É™«ç-ô°æ¤p-úø’ ņç éπü∆. ÅC Å°æ¤púø’ ņo-°æ¤púø’ ņ-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. éπÈ®é˙d. é¬F ņ-úøç ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. 'How often do you go there?' ņo v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ v°æA-®ÓW ¢Á∞«h†’ ÅE Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç. I go there every day. Ééπ\úø everyday ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. I go to bed at 10 every night. Ééπ\úø every night ņ-´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’é¬E, ûª°æ¤pé¬ü¿’.