Presented By: Fahad Bin Muhammad.

PRESENTED BY: FAHAD BIN MUHAMMAD.

INSTRUCTOR: Ms. AFSHEEN KHALIL. PRESENTATION DATE: 30 SEPTEMBER, 2006.

ELEMENTS •Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom. •There are about ninety elements that make up all the materials on earth. •Every element has its own symbol which is a type of code or shorthand for the actual element itself.

•Elements are grouped as being either Metals or Nonmetals. •All metals have a definite melting and boiling point.

Elements

ELEMENTS - SYMBOLS Aluminium

Al

Hydrogen

H

Bromine

Br

Iron

Fe

Calcium

Ca

Magnesium

Mg

Fluorine

F

Nitrogen

N

Au

Oxygen

O

Gold

ELEMENTS 



An element is made up of only one type of atom. An atom is a tiny particle which can only be seen using a special microscope. The smallest amount of an element you can have is one atom. Different atoms make up the different elements, giving them different properties.

The Reactivity of Elements Elements can combine together in a chemical reaction to form mew substances. Not all elements react easily whilst others are very reactive. Elements can be arranged according to how readily they react. This is called the REACTIVITY SERIES. E.g. Potassium is the most reactive metal whilst Gold is the least reactive metal

THE PERIODIC TABLE Scientists have organised all of the Elements into a chart called the Periodic Table. The elements are arranged in order depending upon their Physical Properties( such as Density) and their Chemical Properties ( such as Reactivity).

THE PERIODIC TABLE

PERIODS: The elements with in a period have dissimilar properties from left to right across any period, the physical & chemical properties of elements change from metallic to non metallic along a period. There are seven periods in periodic table.

THE PERIODIC TABLE GROUPS: The vertical columns are called groups Basically there are eights groups (I to VIII) but each group is further divided into “A” & “B” sub groups.

I 1 2

Period

3

H 1

Group

O He 2

II

B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 F 9

Atomic number

Mg 12

Cr 24

Mn 25 Fe 26

Co 27

Ni 28

Cu 29

Y 39 Zr 40

Nb 41

Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44

Rh 45

Pd 46

Ag47 Cd 48

Hf 72

Ta 73

W 74 Re 75

Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79

Sc Ti 21 22

5

Rb 37

Sr 38

6

Cs 55

Ba 56

La 57

7

Fr 87

Ra 88

Ac 89

Most reactive metals

Al 13

V 23

K 19 Ca 20

4

III IV V VI VII

Element

Li 3 Be 4 Na 11

THE PERIODIC TABLE

Os 76

Zn 30

Hg 80

Ga 31

Ne 10

Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 Ge 32

As 33

Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36

In 49 Sn 50

Sb 51

Te 52

I 53 Xe 54

Tl 81 Pb 82

Bi 83

Po 84

At 85 Rn 86

Most reactive non-metals

Very uncreative gases

METALS AND NON-METALS Metals

Usually hard and shiny. They are usually difficult to melt and are good thermal and electrical conductors.

Non-Metals Usually gases or solids that melt

easily. Most are good insulators as they are poor thermal and electrical conductors. The solids are often powdery or brittle.

Elements and their symbols ELEMENT hydrogen

S ELEMENT

S ELEMENT

S

H titanium

Ti technetium

Tc gadolinium

Gd radon

Rn

Ru terbium

Tb francium

Fr

ruthenium

ELEMENT

S

ELEMENT

S

helium

He vanadium

V

lithium

Li chromium

Cr rhodium

Rh dysprosium

Dy radium

Ra

beryllium

Be manganese

Mn palladium

Pd holmium

Ho actinium

Ac

boron

B iron

Fe silver

Ag erbium

Er thorium

Th

carbon

C cobalt

Co cadmium

Cd thulium

Tm protactinium

Pa

nitrogen

N nickel

Ni indium

In ytterbium

Yb uranium

U

oxygen

O copper

Cu tin

Sn lutetium

Lu neptunium

Np

fluorine

F

zinc

Zn antimony

Sb hafnium

Hf plutonium

Pu

neon

Ne gallium

Ga tellurium

T

tantalum

Ta americium

Am

sodium

Na germanium

Ge iodine

I

tungsten

W

Cm

magnesium

Mg arsenic

As xenon

Xe rhenium

Re berkelium

Bk

aluminium

Al selenium

Se caesium

Cs osmium

Os californium

Cf

silicon

Si bromine

Br barium

Ba iridium

Ir

phosphorus

P krypton

Kr lanthanum

La platinum

Pt fermium

Fm

sulphur

S rubidium

Rb cerium

Ce gold

Au mendelevium

Md

chlorine

Cl strontium

Sr praseodymium

Pr

Hg nobelium

No

argon

Ar yttrium

Y

Nd thallium

Tl

Lr

potassium

K zircon

Zr promethium

Pm lead

Pb Kutchatovium

neodymium

mercury

cerium

einsteinium

lawrencium

Es

Ku