Presented By

Presented By Md. Mesbah Uddin ID.: 050712 Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Highlight  Fuel-endangered World  BioFuel- Efficient

Alternative  Microbes, the living machine  Production of Bioethanol  Future Challenges

Fuel-endangered World

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Speaker:- Md. Mesbah Uddin

What is Fuel 

Fuel is any material from which we can get energy.

e.g. Fossil Fuel, Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Nuclear Energy, Water Energy, Biofuel, etc

Introduction Energy availability, supply and use play a central role in the way societies organize themselves, from individual welfare to social and industrial development. By extension, energy accessibility and cost is a determining factor for the economical, political and social interrelations among nations. Considering energy sources, human society has dramatically increased the use of fossil fuels in the past 50 years in a way that the most successful economies are large consumers of oil. However, geopolitical factors related to security of oil supply, high oil prices and serious environmental concerns, prompted by global warming - the use of petrol for transportation accounts for one-third of greenhouse gas emissions (Wyman, 1996) - have led to a push towards decreased consumption. Indeed, the world's strongest economies are deeply committed to the development of technologies aiming at the use of renewable sources of energy. Within this agenda, the substitution of liquid fuel gasoline by renewable ethanol is of foremost importance.

PetroleumFossil & Natural Gas Formation Fuel 

Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fossil source fuel, that is, hydrocarbons found within the top layer of the Earth’s crust. Example:- Volatile materials with low carbon : hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquid petroleum to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields, alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.



It is generally accepted that they formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years. This is known as the biogenic theory and was first introduced by Georg Agricola in 1556 and later by Mikhail Lomonosoy in 1757. There is an opposing more modern theory that the more volatile hydrocarbons, especially natural gas, are formed by abiogenic processes, that is no living material was involved in their formation.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form, and reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are being formed.  One litre of regular gasoline is the time-rendered result of about 23.5 metric tonnes of ancient phytoplankton material deposited on the ocean floor.  The total fossil fuel used in the year 1997 is the result of 422 years of all plant matter that grew on the entire surface and in all the oceans of the ancient earth. 

Levels (reserves) of Fossil Fuel  Oil:

1,050 to 1,277 billion barrels (167 to 203 km³) 2003-2005  Gas: 6,040 - 6,806 trillion cubic feet (171,000 to 192,700 km³) 6,806*0.182= 1,239 billion barrel oil equivalent (BBOE) 2003-2005  Coal: 1,081,000 million short tons (1,081,000*0.907186*4.879= 4,786 BBOE) (2004) Fig: Oil-well Source: EIA oil, gas, coal estimates

Daily production (Flows) during 2002  Oil:

(10,230*0.349)*7.9/365= 77 million barrels per day  Gas: (10,230*0.212)*7.9/365= 47 million barrels oil equivalent per day {MBOED}  Coal: (10,230*0.235)*7.9/365= 52 MBOED

Years of production left in the ground  Oil:

1,277,000 million barrel reserve/77 million barrels used per day/365 days per year= 45 years  Gas: 1,239,000 million barrels equivalent reserve/47 million barrel equivalent used per day/365 days per year= 72 years  Coal: 4,786,000 million barrels equivalent reserve/52 million barrel equivalent used per day/365 days per year= 252 years Source: Oil & Gas Journal, World Oil

Environmental Pollution by Fossil Fuel 2

CO Emission



The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes (= 21.3 gigatons) of CO2 per year.



Natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount. There is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year



Global Warming

Melting of Polar Ice

An oil spill is the release of a Cont. 

 





liquiddioxide petroleum hydrocarbon Carbon is one of the greenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes to into warming. the environment due to global The averageactivity, surface temperature ofathe Earth human and is form rises in response to CO2. of the pollution. In United States, more than 90% of greenhouse gas emissions come from the combustion of fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels also produces other air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals; generates sulfuric, carbonic, and nitric acids, which fall to Earth as acid rain. Fossil fuels also contain radioactive materials, Fig: Oil Spill mainly uranium and thorium that are released into beach after an oil spill VolunteersA cleaning up the aftermath of the the atmosphere. Prestige oil spill

Oil Spill: 

  



The oil penetrates and opens up the structure of the plumage of birds, reducing its insulating ability, and so making the birds more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water. It also impairs birds' flight abilities, making it difficult or impossible to forage and escape from predators. Most birds affected by an oil spill die unless there is human intervention Oil coats the fur of Sea otters and seals, reducing its insulation abilities and leading to body temperature fluctuations and hypothermia.

Spills take months or even years to clean up.

Start of 2008: 100$/barrel

Last Seven Months: 55% increase in oil Price December, 2007: 98$/barrel

Oil Price Mid 2006: 75$/barrel

July-September, 2005: 60$/barrel

Year 2004: ~40$/barrel Year 2003: ~30$/barrel

Source: Prothom Alo, 19-07

•Bangladesh Spends about $2 billion/year to import Oil. 7.5% (it may  Bangladesh: exceed 10% due to recent oil It price) is 15% of total National Budget of  India: 11.63% Bangladesh.  Vietnam: 26.8%  Philippine: 11.8% Through Biofuel Source: Prothom 19-07-20 production, half of Alo,its

Inflation

World We Entering need Danger Zone

alternative source of Due to Energy !!!Energy (???!!!) What to do?

Crisis!!!

That’s Right!