Noli Me Tangere And El Filibusterismo

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

Noli Me Tangere

NOVELA EL TAGALA  Influenced by Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew  Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe  Bible  Describing the Philippines under the Spanish Government and Church  Jose Rizal was a student in Univiersidad Central de Madrid  House of Paterno – every propagandist will give a chapter as their contribution  But the propagandist wants to write about women in Europe and about gambling  Rizal wrote it by himself  “Don’t touch me”, Huwag mo kong salingin  It should be in the gospel of John instead of Luke “Araw ng Pagkabuhay” / Resurrection with St. Mary of Magdalene  It was made in Madrid, Paris and Germany  Lost chapter in Elias at Salome  Finished in 1887 Berlin  2000 copies for P300 borrowed from Maximo Viola  Copies were given to Ferdinand Blumentritt, Graciano Lopez, Mariano Ponce and Felix Hidalgo  The galley proof was given to Mr. Viola as sense of gratitude  Dedicated to the Philippines  Social Cancer  Chapter 1 – House of Kapitan Tiyago  Characters: Crisostomo Ibara son of Don Rafael Ibarra – friend of Kapitan Tiyago (owner of the house)

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

 Ma. Clara – lover of the main character  Padre Damaso-fat Franciscan curate of San Diego  Padre Sibyla – Dominican friar of Binondo  Senyor Guevarra – Tenyente  Don Tiburcio de Espadana and Donya Victorina  Easy reading, more of action and motion (Voltairian) EL FILIBUSTERISMO NOVELA EL FILIPINA  Motivated by the Calamba affair and not by his experience in his student years  Both Noli and El Fili shows strong anti-Clerical and even anti-Catholic color  It discredit the colonial government and religious institutes  A weapon used by a rationalist liberal of the 19th century would use  Made in Brussels Belgium in Ghent with Jose Alejandrino and Edilberto Evangelista  With the help of Valintin Ventura  Dedicated to Gomburza  Noli – love story, El Fili – revenge and anger  Both show situation of the Philippines during the Spanish Period  Idea of liberalism, Freedom and Revolution  Thoughtful, discursive and dialectical  Effects of Leonor Rivera, Calamba Controversy, M.H del Pilar  El Fili students – humorous, critical, serious, optimist, frivolous, pessimists, industrious, indifferent, noisy, silent, leaders and followers  Students discussing and debating – defeat of their cause  Plans of students – revolution

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

 Simoun – want to have an academy of Spanish language – organization of Jehu  El Fili professors – Father Millon – the bad professor in Physics  Father Sibyla – not loved by Rizal – became vice rector of the university  Shows discrimination (Tabo) Students of UST 1.Isagani- unfaithful sweetheart oof Paulita Gomez -without notable defects, intelligent, generous, reasonable and brave 2.Basilio- adopted by Kapitan Tiyago -Another angle of Rizal as a medical student -Shows enigmatic ambiguity character and feeling -oscillating between fear and hope -like Rizal – Pessimism and optimism, illusion and disappointments of Rizal 3. Makaraeg- afford to go to Europe -leadership character like Rizal in Companeros de Jehu -very rich -comfortable financial situation like Rizal -discreet 4. Sandoval – Peninsulares -shows a 19th century Spanish liberalist, open-minded, great orator, anti-clerical 5.Tadeo- Lachuacha student, like holidays, most interested with the girls -universal type of person common to all schools, periods and places 6.Pecson- scpetical, pessimistic, anti-type of Sandoval -Mistrust of the government and friars -also like Rizal 7. Juanito Pelaez- always irritates his classmates

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

Unforgivable crime- he married Paulita Gomez 8.PLacido Penintente – Peaceful, placid patient, unhappy experience in the classroom -joined the rebels  Priest – hypocritical, meddling, ignorant, conservative  Ibarra- liberalist free thinking  Friars – wicked  Filipinos – despairing  Kill all the Spanish authorities and friars! Reaction of Noli:  Jose Rodriguez – full of heresies, blasphemies and grossest errors  False, rash, offensive to friars, injuruos to the sacred hierarch, to the faithful, impious, foolish, erroneous, heretic Recurrenty Themes in Rizal’s Works by Florentino H. Hornedo, Ph. D.  These are what I percieve to be recurrent themes in the works of Jose Rizal 1. God is the ultimate reason of the universe 2. all humans are equal in dignity 3. Freedom in an essential component of human dignity and 4. love is the supreme manifestation of a human’s recognition of his divine origin GOD IS THE ULTIMATE REASON OF THE UNIVERSE  Rizal called it Providence, God, and so forth. He believed in a God who made himself known by the unfolding of the human mind through: 1. education and 2. enlightenment by the natural sciences He did not think much of politics and power- grabbing intrigues. Only scientific solutions really work in the interest of the human community ALL HUMANS ARE EQUAL IN DIGNITY

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos Transcribed by Nikko Izar

 No human is born superior to thers in dignity. The apparenr inferiority of certain oppressed peoples is caused by their oppressed and brutalization of oppressors. The white man has been particularly guilty of this oppression.  This must be upheld as honor at all times, and be defended even to the death. He saw the emerging need of violence as a last resort, but he was unwilling to accept the concomitant death of innocent bystanders and illprepared revolutionaries. FREEDOM IS ESSENTIAL TO DIGNITY  UNLESS A HUMAN IS FREE, THE SPIRIT HE/SHE RECEIVED FROM GOD CANNOT UNFOLD, WITHOUT FREEDOM, 1. THE BEST IDEAS CANNOT BE EXPRESSED 2. SCIENCES CANNOT FLOURISH AND WITHOUT THE SCIENCES; -NO MATERIAL PROGRESS -THERE WOULD BE NO DESTITUTION OF BODY AND SPIRIT  Dignity is virtuousness; and virtue means living according to principles, NOT according to mere convenience.

Love is the supreme manifestation of any human’s recognition of his divine origin  Rizal was often nearly mystical. He had tender sympathy for the poor and helpless: 1. He tried to alleviate pain through medicine; 2. He taught the ignorant 3. He provided potable water for the people of Dapitan; 4. He was concerned for the basic needs and happiness of his family and other people around him. This consuming concern for people’s welfare was his religion.