Laporan Kebakaran.docx

LABORATORY ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT REPORT “FIRE EXTINGUISHER”

By : 1. Firyal Nabilah Q.A (17030194042/PKU 2017) 2. Nuril Fatimah (17030194053/PKU 2017) 3. Imtikhana Nur K. (17030194084/PKU 2017)

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM JURUSAN KIMIA PRODI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA 2018

I.

Experiment Tittle

II. Date of Experiment

: Fire and its Extinguisher :

Thursday, November 22th, 2018 at 09.30 pm – 12.00 pm III. Experiment Purpose

:

1. Knowing fire prevention procedures 2. Can use a fire extinguisher properly IV. Basic Theory Flame is a phenomenon that can be observed for symptoms, namely the presence of light and heat from a material that is burning. Another symptom that can be observed is if a material has been burned it will changes in both its physical form and its chemical properties. The physical condition of the material that has been burned will also change to become a new substance. The symptom of this change according to the theory of changes in substances and energy is chemical change. Generally fire is the result of the three factors needed for combustion, fuel, heat and oxygen, which is known as triangle of fire. If one of these factor is not in sufficient balance, then the fire will not occur.

by observing the fire triangle above, there are three methods to extinguish fire: a. Starvation, removing of fuel or other combustible material from the fire with the purpose of isolating the fire. b. Smothering, reduce oxygen amount around the fire by minimizing the entry of air.

c. Cooling, lower the temperature of the fuel that burns to below the ignition temperature There are three types of fire produced in the laboratory can be classified based on the origin of the fire : 1. Type A, comes form a solid combustible material for example; wood, paper, rubber and etc. 2. Type B, comes from a liquid combustible for exampel; oil, oli, gasoline, chemical solution combutible and etc. 3. Type C, comes from electricity for example; eectrical short circuit. Fire extinguisher (APAR) is an equipment that is packaged in a tube to extinguish the initial fire. In other words APAR can only extinguish a small fire. The function of fire extinguisher is to extinguisher fire. Fire Extinguisher (APAR), consists of: 1. APAR type of Water (Water Fire Extinguisher) Effective for class A types of fire: Wood, Paper, Fabric, Rubber, Plastic, etc. Water is one of the most useful and economical fire extinguishers. All fire extinguishers made from production water have jet-type applications that are capable of producing concentrated currents that make the operator able to fight fire from a greater distance than the ordinary spray nozzle. 2. APAR type of Dry Chemical Powder Effective for class A types of fire (Wood, Paper, Fabric, Rubber, Plastics, etc.), class B (Gasoline, Gas, Oil, Paint, Solvents, Methanol, Propane, etc.) and class C (Computers, Electric Panels, Generators , Electric Substation, etc.). Lightweight Fire Extinguisher made from dry powder, very versatile to fight Class A, B & C fire, and suitable for dealing with high risk. Besides being useful in overcoming the dangers of electricity, flammable liquids and gases, powder is also effective for vehicle fires. 3. APAR type Foam (AFFF Foam Liquid) Fire Extinguishers made from foam, suitable for fighting Class A & B fires. Foam-based extinguishers have the ability to reduce the risk of turning back fire after a blackout. After the fire has been extinguished, the foam effectively removes steam along with cooling the fire.

Foam fire extinguishers provide a fast and strong ability to deal with 'A' and 'B' class fires. Very effective against gasoline and volatile liquids, forming "seals" of fire above the surface and preventing re-ignition. Ideal for multi-risk use. Fire rating provides a way to measure the effectiveness of a fire extinguisher in terms of the maximum size of fire that can be extinguished. Class A, for example, a burning wood fire box with a width of 0.5m x height of 0.56m x length. The rating is ten times the length in meters, for example. 13A uses 1.3 meter wood pile. Class B is related to fire surface area and rating for the amount of flammable liquid in the ratio of 1/3 of water, 2/3 of the fuel that can be extinguished in a circular area. 4. APAR type CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) CO2 fire extinguishers are very suitable for Class B electric and fire equipment. Then the ability of high non-destructive and effective and clean is very well known. CO2 has non-conductive and anti-static properties. Because this gas is not dangerous for fine equipment and materials, it is ideal for modern office environments, where oil, solvents and candles are often used. Non-destructive and very effective and clean performance is very important. Both models have funnel and non-static funnels, suitable for situations involving flammable liquids and electrical hazards. Gas (produced) does not (damage) damage the equipment and fine materials. Ideal for modern office environments, with all the electronic risks, and where oil, solvents and candles are often used. Fire rating provides a way to measure the effectiveness of a fire extinguisher in terms of the maximum size of fire that can be extinguished. Class B is related to fire surface area with a rating for the amount of flammable liquid in the water ratio 1/3, 2/3 of the material burn which can be buried in 1 circular area. 5. Hallon fire type (Thermatic Halotron) Effective for class A fires (Wood, Paper, Fabric, Rubber, Plastics, etc.) and C (Computers, Electric Panels, Generators, Electric Substations, etc.)

Automatic Fire Extinguishers that contain Halotron™ Clean Agent I. This Automatic Fire Extinguisher (APAR) uses Argon propulsion gas, and a pressure gauge is installed in the Automatic Fire Extinguisher (APAR). The capacity of 2 kg and 5 kg units is enabled automatically by heat sensitivity with a sprinkler head and complete with pressure. Automatic fire extinguisher (APAR) requires a minimum maintenance of 1 year and Thermatic Halotron™ I is also guaranteed 1 year. Being the cleanest content agent / media, leaving no residue after use. Safe if inhaled by humans and also environmentally friendly. Thermatic Halotron™ I designs as a substitute for Halon gas and does not contain CFC. The workings of Thermatic Halotron™ I integration of fire alarms are as follows: The presence of smoke in the room is detected by a smoke detector that covers the fire of a protected room, so that the bell alarm sounds. If there is a fire and has not been put out and the room temperature reaches 68OC, the bulb sprinkler automatically breaks and the Halotron ™ I gas spray automatically so that the fire will instantly extinguish. V. Tool and Materials  Tool 1. Fire Extinguisher

5 pieces

2. Matches

1 piece

 Materials 1. Wood 2. PDAM water 3. Petroleum VI. Line Works Making a flame 1. Wood, twigs and leaves (fuel) are placed below the ground that has been prepared 2. The fuel is doused with enough petroleum 3. Burned with matches Flame

Flame 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Be Calm Prepare a fire extinguisher Open the safety pin The fixing handle is pressed upright Wacth out the direction of the wind to avoid the heat of the fire 6. Hold the hose and move it towards the fire area until the fire estinguished The fire extinguished VII. Explanation From the video that we saw, the first step to extinguish fire is to be calm and then prepare fire estinguisher quickly. After that, we must open the safety pin of the fire extinguisher. We must check the fixing handle is pressed upright. In the video they didn’t observe the direction of the wind carefully. So, the fire can’t be extinguished even they have tried several times. We must wacth out the direction of the wind. It is to avoid the flame. But, If we try to extinguish the flames without observe the direction of the wind, the flames will burning more huge and the fire extinguisher can’t extinguish the flames effectivelly. In the video, they prepared some water in barrel to anticipate if the flames can’t be controlled. We have to know the type of the burning material. By observing the type of the burning material, we know what the effective way to extinguish the flames. We have to observe the place of the fire, is it close from the material that can blow up or not. The fire will become more huge if there are a lot of materials that can blow up. The direction of the wind can affect the fire spread to another building or place. Another fault of the procedure in the video is how to use the fire extiguisher. They can’t use the fire extinguisher correcly. They stood in front of the flames together. It is dangerous. They stood too close around the fire. Then, they stopped to spray the fire extinguisher before the smoke is gone, so the fire can burning again. They didn’t check if the fire extinguisher is fine or not to use.

VIII. Conclusion 1. The fire prevention procedures are : a) Keep calm b) Prepare the Fire Extinguisher c) Open the safety pin and d) Check the fire extinguisher by sprayed it to the air, but avoid the others when spray it. e) Go on the fire place and stand up for about 3 meters from the flames f) We have to know the type of the burning material g) Observe the direction of the wind and the area h) Take the right position and spray the fire extinguisher on the base of the fire i) Press the handle of fire extinguisher and spray it to the left and right until the flames extinguished. 2. The steps to use fire extinguisher properly are : a) Open the safety pin b) Sprayed it to the air, it is to check that the fire extinguisher is fine c) Press the handle and spray it to the flames d) Spray the fire extinguisher to the base of the fire

IX. References