July ('05)14 - Spoken English

I

Ðû¦è[ªKrishna: Hi Nikhila, How are you?

(óÀª E"õ, Óö° Ñû¦oîËÂ?) Nikhila: Fine, thank you, How go your studies?

(ò°Þœª-û¦oìª. ìª÷±y Óö° àŸë]ª-÷±-꟪-û¦o÷±?) Krishna: Studying well. My brother was come yesterday. Nikhila: Was come? Look here, Krishna, we never use verb forms like was come. That isn't English. (was come

vÚ¨óŸª ô¢«ð§Eo ÷ªìÙ Ñí£óµ«-TÙàŸÙ. ÍC ÏÙTxùà ڥë]ª.) Krishna: ë¯ûËÁx ꟛíp-÷³ÙC? Nikhila: Oª vñë]ô Eìo ÷à¦a-è[E ÚÛ믖 ìª÷yÙ-åªû¦o÷±. ÏÚÛ\è[ was come ÍE verb î¦è¯÷±. ÍC êŸí£±p. English ö˺ verb ÚÛª

Ð be forms ÍEo-Ùæ¨Ú© #÷ô¢ àŸÙè….

'be'

Þœªô¢ªî¦ô¢Ù 28 Vöµj 2005

ô¦÷è[Ù Þœ÷ª-EÙ-

have been, has been, had been, shall have been, should have been, will have been, would have been, may have been, might have been, can have been, could have been, must have been, need have been, ought have been, dare have been

Ð be forms #÷-ô¢-õ-EoÙ-æ¨Ú© been ô¦÷è[Ù Þœ÷ª-EÙàŸÙè…. šíj÷Fo 'be' forms. Oå-Eo-æ¨Ú© Íô¢nÙ ‘ÑÙè[è[Ù’ Íû¶ ë¯EÚ¨ ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ# ÑÙåªÙC. Oæ¨ö˺x Ú•Eoæ¨ î¦è[ÚÛÙ ÷ªìÙ àŸ«ø‹Ù. šíj î¦æ¨-ì-EoÙæ¨F ÷ªìÙ àµð§p-õ-ìªÚÛªû¶ Íô¦nEo ñæ¨d independent Þ¥ î¦è[-÷àŸªa. He is here.

can sing- verb - can + sing (1st RDW)

Íö° Oæ¨ö˺x ë¶E í£ÚÛ\-ûµjû¦ 1st RDW î¦è…ê¶ verb Í÷±-꟪ÙC. Þœ÷ª-EÚÛ: 'shall, will, should, would, etc 'be' forms Ú¥÷±. shall, should, will, would, etc.,

Íú£õª ú£ÙÞœA Î ÎJÙæ¨ö˺û¶! Îô¢ª ô¢«ð§õª Ñû¦oô³. Îô¢ª ô¢«ð§ö˺x ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ ô¢«í£Ùö˺ verb ö¶ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶, ÍC English Ú¥ë]ª.

(à¦ö° ÷ªÙC ð§ôÈ¢-ÚÛªõª, was come, has going, ö°Ùæ¨ verbs ÚÛ·ôÚ¥d, Ú¥ë¯ ÍE ÍE Íè[ª-Þœª-꟪ìo ví£øŒoõ-Eo-æ¨Ú© Ð lesson Ñí£-óµ«-Þœ-í£-è[ª-꟪ÙC. â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ àŸë]-÷Ùè…, Þœªô¢ªhÙ-àŸª-ÚÁÙè…, practice à¶óŸªÙè…, Oª ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ î¦è[Ùè….)

÷ªìÚÛª Spoken English ÚÛù£d÷ª-E-í‡Ù-à¶C, êŸí£±põª ඛúD verb Nù£-óŸªÙ-ö˺û¶. verb ÍÙç¶ êµõªú£ª ÚÛë¯? subject ÑÙè¶ ú‡nAE

They could be here yesterday itself. She might be dangerous, etc.

II form (verb ·ôÙèÁ

ô¢«í£Ù)

'be' form+ ...ing form verb, 'be' form '...ing' form (going, coming, singing, dancing etc., Kumar is writing. verb: is (be form) + writing (ing form)] She has been singing for the past one hour. verb- has been singing has been ('be' form) + singing (ing)form verb sentences 'be' form + ing form

ÍÙç¶

Ôëµjû¦

êŸô¦yêŸ Ôëµjû¦

ö°Ùæ¨-N)êÁ ÷ú£ªhÙC.

ÏÚÛ\è[

šíj ö˺, ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ÑÙC ÚÛë¯. Íö°¸Þ–

They could be going there. could be (be form) + going (ing form).

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 24

í£ÚÛ\ì 'be' Ñìo-í£±pè¶ ÍN 'be' forms Íìo Nù£óŸªÙ Þœªô¢ªhÙ-àŸª-ÚÁ-î¦L. V form (verb Íô³ëÁ ô¢«í£Ù) have, has, had, shall have, should have, will have, would have, can have, could have, may have, might have, must have, ought have, dare have need have be forms 'been' 'be' form shall have been 'be' form. shall have 'be' form Past Participle (PP) (PP) go went gone see saw seen do did done like liked liked talk talked talked

}

+ past participle

ÏN ÚÛ«è¯ Ú¥÷±. Oæ¨ö˺x ë¶E í£ÚÛ\-ûµjû¦ Ñìo-í£±pè¶ ÍC Í÷±-꟪ÙC. ÏC ÏC Ú¥ë]ª. ÍÙç¶ êµõªú£ª ÚÛë¯?

verb, V form have, has, had, shall have, should have, etc., past participle combinationverb eg: He has seen me. verb: has seen - has + past participle (PP) She will have gone by then. verb: will have gone- will have + gone (PP) They should have done it. should have done - should have + done (PP)

ö˺ šíjì àŸ«í‡Ù-#ì

III form (verb Doing Words

÷´èÁ ô¢«í£Ù)

Oæ¨E ÷ªìÙ êµõª-ú£ª-Ú•E Ñû¦oÙ

ÚÛë¯. 1st Regular

2nd Regular

Past

Doing word

Doing word

Doing Word

come sing do talk like smell

Fine, thank you, How go your studies? (state of being ÍÙç¶ ÑÙè[è[Ù) Ú¥F, subject ඛú í£EE (action) Ú¥F êµLóŸª-â¶-ú£ªhÙC. Eg: He is here.

ÏÚÛ\è[ ÏÚÛ\è[ ÚÛë¯!

õÚÛª

Sunitha works hard.

ú£ªFêŸ ÚÛù£dí£è… í£E-à¶-ú£ªhÙC. verb 'works' í£EE (action) êµõªí£±-êÁÙC

ú‡- ÑÙç¶

English

ö˺ verb ÚÛª Îô¢ª ÚÛ#aêŸ-iì ô¢«ð§õª Ñû¦oô³. Þœªô¢ªhÙ-àŸª-ÚÁÙè…. Oªô¢ª Oª sentence ö˺ î¦è¶ verb ÷ªìÙ àŸ«è[-òËºó¶ª Îô¢ª ô¢«ð§ö˺x (six forms) ö˺ ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ÑÙè[-ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ Oª sentence correct Ú¥ë]ª. ÏÚÛ àŸ«è[Ùè…. I form of the verb (verb îµ³ë]æ¨ ô¢«í£Ù) 'be' forms

am, is, are, was, were, shall be, should be, will be, would be, can be, could be, may be, might be, must be, ought be, dare be, need be

Þœªô¢ªh à¶ú£ªÚÛªÙë¯Ù!

came sang did talked liked smelt

Regular actionsI, we, you, they 1st Regular Doing 2nd RDW word (1st RDW); He, She, It not Questions 1st RDW 'do', 2nd RDW 'does' Past Doing Word actions Past Doing Word not Questions did

î¦è[ê¦Ù. Íô³ê¶ î¦è[ê¦Ù.

ÍêŸ-E-ÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oè[ª. verb 'is' ÑÙè[-è¯Eo êµõªí£±-꟪ÙC.

comes sings does talks likes smells

î¦è…ê¶

vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ áJ¸Þ í£ìªÍô³ê¶ Íô³ê¶ Oæ¨êÁ Ú¥F, ö˺ Þ¥F êÁ êÁ ÏN ÷ªìÚÛª êµõªú£ª ÚÛë¯. Íö°¸Þ ìª ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ô çµjîªö˺ áJ-TÙëÁ êµLÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù. Íåª-÷Ùæ¨ E êÁ Ú¥F, êÁ Ú¥F ÷ú£ªhÙC. ÏC ÚÛ«è¯ OªÚÛª êµõªú£ª.

IV form (verb

û¦õªÞÁ ô¢«í£Ù)

shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, might, must, need, ought, dare

}

+ 1st RDW

I shall go there tomorrow. verb- shall go. shall + go (1st Regular Doing Word) Srinu will help me. verb: will help- will + help (1st RDW) They can sing.

ÏÚÛ\è[

DE ô¢«í£Ù–

ö°Ùæ¨ î¦æ¨

í£ÚÛ\ì Í÷±-꟪ÙC.

à¶J›úh Î

Ïö° NªÞœê¦ î¦æ¨êÁ ÚÛ«è¯. VI form (verb

ÎôÁ ô¢«í£Ù)

'be' form + past participle 'be' form past participle verb (PP) a) He was seen there yesterday. verb: was seen- was (be form) + seen (PP). b) The snake has been killed. verb: has been killed, has been (be form) + killed (PP). c) It can be done. verb: can be done- can be (be form) + done (PP) d) He had been killed before he was thrown on the railway track. verbs: had been killed - had been (be form) + killed (PP); was thrown- was (be form) + thrown (PP). VI form of verb verb form- 'be form + past participle'. verb PASSIVE VOICE verb- English passive voice

ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ ÷›úh ÍC

í£ÚÛ\ì Ôëµjû¦ Í÷±-꟪ÙC.

Ð

ÚÛª ÖÚÛ ví£ê¶u-ÚÛêŸ ÑÙC. Ð Ð Óí£±pè[« ô¢«í£Ùö˺ Ñìo ö˺ ÑÙåªÙC. ö˺ ö˺ Ñìoí£±pè[ª êµõª-Þœªö˺ ‘ñè[ª’ ÍE Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙC. a) He was seen here yesterday.

(ÍêŸìª ÏÚÛ\è[ Eìo àŸ«è[ñè¯fè[ª). b) All kinds of books are sold here. (verb - passive

ÏÚÛ\è[ ÍEo ô¢Ú¥õ í£±ú£hÚ¥õª Í÷ªt-

ñ-è[-ê¦ô³). c) The film will be released next week. (verb- passive

ú‡E÷« ÷à¶a-î¦ô¢Ù Nè[ª-ë]õ à¶óŸª-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC). ÖÚÛ\ VI form of the verb ÷«vêŸî¶ª passive. NªÞœê¦ forms ÍFo active voice. êµõª-Þœªö˺ ÷ªìÙ passive voice ë¯ë¯í£± î¦è[Ù ÚÛë¯! ÍÙç¶ ÷ªìÙ ÏÙæ˺x ‘Í÷«t’ ÍìoÙ ÷Ùè[ñè…Ùë¯ ÍìÙ. Ú•åªdÚÛª îµRx Ð í£±ú£hÚÛÙ ÏÚÛ\è[ Í÷ªt-ñ-è[ª-꟪Ùë¯ ÍìÙ. spoken telugu ö˺ passive voice î¦è[Ù. English ö˺ ÚÛ«è¯ ÓÙêŸ êŸÚÛª\÷Þ¥ î¦è…ê¶ ÷ªì òÅ°ù£ ÍÙêŸ simple Þ¥ ú£ï£°-áÙÞ¥ ÑÙåªÙC. conversational ease ÑÙåªÙC. àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛë¯ English verb Óí£±pè[« šíj singular forms ö˺ ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ ô¢«í£Ùö˺ ÑÙè¯L. ö¶ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ Oªô¢ª ÷«æ°x-è¶C sentence Ú¥ë]ª. Íö° ÷«æ°x-è…ê¶ êŸí£±p. Ïí£±pè[ª àŸ«è[Ùè…– He was come. verb was come - (was (be form) + come (1st RDW) be form + 1st RDWsix forms of verb form He was come- sentence was come = was (be form) + come (past participle) be form + past participle passive voice verb

ÏÚÛ\è[

Ô÷ª-î¦yL?

ö˺, Ð

ö¶ë]ª. Ú¥ñæ¨d Ú¥ë]ª.

ÏC Í÷àŸªa ÚÛë¯ Íû¶ ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù OªÚÛª ô¦÷àŸªa. ÏÚÛ\è[ ÷³Üu-iì Nù£óŸªÙ come, go, walk, sit ö°Ùæ¨ verbs M. SURESAN ÚÛª passive voice ÑÙè[ë]ª. verb ÚÛª Ó÷-JE, ë¶EE ÍE ví£øŒo-î¶-óŸªÙè… Answer ÷›úh passive ÑÙåªÙC. Answer ô¦ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ passive ÑÙè[ë]ª. They came yesterday. verb came.

ÏÚÛ\è[ DE Íô¢nÙ– ‘÷à¦aô¢ª’ ÍE. Ó÷JE ÷à¦aô¢ª? ë¶EE ÷à¦aô¢ª? Íû¶ ví£øŒo-õÚÛª 'Answer' ô¦ë]ª. Ú¥ñæ¨d Oæ¨Ú¨ passive ÑÙè[ë]ª. Íë¶ He writes books ö˺ 'writes' verb. ÍÙç¶ Íô¢nÙ ‘ô¦þ§hè[ª’ ÍE. ë¶EE ô¦þ§hè[ª? ÍÙç¶ ‘í£±ú£hÚ¥õª’ Íû¶ answer ÷ú£ªhÙC. DEÚ¨ passive êŸí£pÚÛ ÑÙåªÙC. Books are written by him ÍE passive àµí£p-÷àŸªa.

ví£øŒo: Were you there then yesterday? Eìo Oªô¢ª Íí£±pè[ª ÍÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oô¦? Ïö° ô¦óŸª-÷à¦a? – N. û¦ô¦-óŸª-é-·ôè…f, Të]l-õ«ô¢ª áî¦ñª: ô¦óŸª-÷àŸªa. ví£øŒo: ÖÚÛ î¦ô¦h-í£-vA-ÚÛö˺ ÷ªï‡°-ü‹-¸ÞóŸª ô¢àŸô³êŸE poet ÍE ú£Ùò˺-CÅÙ-à¦ô¢ª. poetess Íû¦L ÚÛë¯. – ·Ú. û¦Þœ-àµj-êŸìu, ð§óŸª-ÚÛ-ô¦÷±›íå áî¦ñª: English ö˺ ô¦ì« ô¦ì« gender difference (LÙÞœ-òŶë]Ù) ð§æ¨Ù-àŸè[Ù êŸT_-ð¼-êÁÙC. poet ÚÛ÷ô³v꟪õÚÛ« î¦è[è[Ù þ§ëů-ô¢-é-÷ª-÷±-êÁÙC. êŸí£±p ö¶ë]ª ÍÙåª-û¦oô¢ª.