July('05) 15 - Spoken English

Ðû¦è[ª-

I Sasank: Where is your brother, Radha?

(ô¦ëů, Oª vñë]ô ÓÚÛ\è[?) Radha: He coming slowly. I seen him a few minutes ago.

(ÍêŸìª Eë¯-ìÙÞ¥ ÷ú£ªh-û¦oè[ª. Ú•Cl ENªÿ§õ Ú¨Ùë]å ÍêŸè…E àŸ«ø‹) Sasank: Look here, Radha. Your words, 'He coming slowly', and 'I seen him a few minutes ago' are not sentences because there are no verbs in them, they don't have complete meaning. 'he coming slowly', 'I seen him a few minutes ago' verbs

(F ÷«åö˺x

î¦Ú¥uõª Ú¥÷±. î¦æ¨ö˺x ö¶÷±. î¦æ¨Ú¨ Íô¢nÙ í£²Jh Ú¥ö¶ë]ª ÚÛë¯)

Radha: But 'coming' and 'seen' are verbs. Why to doubt that? (coming, seen verbs

ÚÛë¯?, Íìª-

÷«ìÙ ë¶EÚ¨?) Sasank: 'coming' is only an 'ing' form, and 'seen' is just a past participle. In our last article, we have seen the six forms of verbs.

øŒEî¦ô¢Ù 30 Vöµj 2005

4. (C) 5. (W) Correct form: The snake has been/had been/will have been (any such 'be' form) + killed. 6. (W) Correct form: The book is/ was/ has/ been (any be form) + stolen 7. (W) Correct form: The class is/ was/ will be going on. 8. (W) Correct form: We have/ had/ will have etc. + known him 9. (C) - Past Doing Word 10. (C) - has been + killed (PP) - Passive voice

õìª êµL›í

vÚÛ÷ªÙ-êŸ-í£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo Ú¥F àµñªê¦ô³. am- I êÁ; he, she, it- is êÁ; you, we, they- are êÁ ÷þ§hô³. II) was, were ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo àµñªê¦ô³. III) shall be, will be òÅ¡N-ù£u-꟪hö˺ ÑÙè[è¯Eo àµñªê¦ô³. IV) have been (I, We, You, TheyêÁ), has been (he, she, itêÁ) ÞœêŸÙö˺ Óí£pæ¨ ìªÙàÁ, Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛªÞ¥E, ÏÙÚ¥-Þ¥F ÑÙè[è¯Eo àµñªê¦ô³. šíj÷Fo ÑÙè[-è¯Eo ൛íp 'be' forms.

verbs tences

ÚÛ·ô-ÚÂdÞ¥ form à¶ú‡-ì-í£±pè¶ ÷ªì senÚÛ·ô-ÚÛd-÷±-ê¦ô³ ÚÛë¯. ÏÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛ« ÷ªìÙ û¶ô¢ªaÚÛªìo-ë¶Ùæ¨? a) subject - sentence ë¶EE ÞœªJÙ# àµñª-êÁÙëÁ ÍC. b) Verb - sentence ö˺ subject êŸô¦yêŸ Ô ÷«-å/-÷«-åõª ö¶ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶ sentence ÑÙè[ëÁ ÍC/-ÍN verb.

verbs - like, love etc.)

II) verbs expressing actions of the mind.

(÷ªì ñªClÄÚ¨, Îö˺-àŸ-ìõÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì verbs - know, understand etc.) III) certain other verbs like appear, belong etc.

Íô¢nÙ ÍÙê¦ ÍÙë]ªö˺û¶! a) 'be' form + ing form is a verb b) 'be' form/ have/ has/ will have/ shall have etc + past participle is a verb. (coming 'ing' form, + past participle- ing seen 'be' form verb form + past participle 'be' form have/ has/ had/ shall have verb

Íû¶C ¸Ú÷õÙ Íû¶C ÷³Ùë]ª ÑÙç¶ Í÷±÷³Ùë]ª ꟪ÙC. Ú¥F ÷Ùæ¨N ÑÙç¶ Í÷±-꟪ÙC. Ï÷Fo ÷ªìÙ Ú¨Ùë]æ¨ î¦uú£Ùö˺ àŸ«ø‹Ù.)

c) English verb six forms

ö˺ ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ form ö˺ ÑÙè¯L. d) English ö˺ statement ÚÛª (ÔëÁ ÖÚÛ Nù£óŸªÙ ൛íp sentence) , question ÚÛª order of words ö˺ à¦ö° ê¶è¯ ÑÙåªÙC. i) Statement structure: subject + verb ii) Question structure: 1) verb + subject

Radha: So, you say a sentence in English must have a verb- one of the six forms we saw in last article. English sentence correct

(ÍÙç¶ Þ¥ ÑÙè¯-õÙç¶ ÞœêŸ î¦uú£Ùö˺ N÷-JÙ-#ìåªxÞ¥ verb Îô¢ªô¢«ð§ö˺x ÖÚÛæ¨Þ¥ ÑÙè¯L.)

Sasank: That's right

(Í÷±ìª) Ú¨ÙCî¦æ¨ö˺x correct verbs ìª ÞœªJhÙ-àŸÙè…. verb correct Íô³ê¶ brackets ö˺ (c) ô¦óŸªÙè…. êŸí£p-ô³ê¶ (w) šíådÙè…. verb form correct Ú¥ÚÛð¼ê¶, correct verb formô¦óŸªÙè…. verb correct Íô³ê¶ ÍC Ô form verb Í÷±-꟪ÙëÁ ô¦óŸªÙè…. eg: 1) He was do it (W) He was doing it (C) He did it. 2) She looking at it (W) She is/was/any be form looking at it. (C) 3) They have seen me (C) (have + past participle) Exercise: 1. They know me. 2. She seen him. 3. They are take coffee. 4. She will help him. 5. The snake been killed. 6. The book stolen. 7. The class going on. 8. We known him. 9. They saw him yesterday. 10. The snake has been killed.

Answers: 1. (C) I Regular Doing Word. 2. (W) Correct form: She has/ will have/ would have + seen him 3. (W) Correct form: They are taking coffee.

f) subject action words 1st Regular Doing Words (come, go, take, sit verbs - I, we, you, they 2nd Regular Doing Words (comes, goes, takes, sits verbs He, She, It

ඛú í£ìª-õìª êµLóŸª-⶛ú î¦æ¨E ÍÙæ°Ù. Oæ¨ö˺x ö°Ùæ¨ êÁ î¦è[ê¦Ù),

ö°Ùæ¨

Oæ¨E êÁ î¦è[ê¦Ù) vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ áJ¸Þ Regular Actions ÚÛª Ñí£óµ«-Tþ§hÙ.

ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 25 2) 1st word of the verb + subject + other words of the verb. (verb

ö˺

·ôÙè[ª ÷´è[ª ÷«å-õªÙç¶...) Questions ·ôÙè[ª ô¢Ú¥õª:

ìª

ö˺ Þ¥E, êÁÞ¥F î¦è…ê¶ ÷ú£ªhÙC. ìª

î¦è…ê¶

êÁ

vð§ô¢Ù-òÅ¡÷ªó¶ªuN. ö¶EN. Ô ô¢ÚÛ-iû¦ ÷³Ùë]ª Ú¥E, îµ³ë]-æ¨-÷«å Ú¥F ÑÙè… Î êŸô¦yêŸ NªÞœê¦ êŸô¦yêŸ ÷«åõª ÷þ§hô³. e) verbs ö˺ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo ൛íp verbs ìª 'be' forms ÍÙæ°Ù. I) am, is, are - ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ ÑÙè[-è¯Eo Ú¥E,

ö˺ޥE,

êÁÞ¥F

÷ú£ªhÙC.

ö°Ùæ¨ ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ôçµj-îªö˺ áJ-TÙD êµL›úh Íåª-÷Ùæ¨ í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù. Past Doing Word ìª not êÁÞ¥E, Question êÁÞ¥F î¦è…ê¶ did ÷ú£ªhÙC.

1) 'Wh' questions- what, when, etc.,

2) Non 'wh' questions- what, when etc subject verb verb subject, verb

There are no verbs in your sentences

i) 1st Regular Doing Word Question not do M. SURESAN ii) 2nd Regular Doing Word Question not does g) Past Doing Words (came, went, took, sat verbs)

h) am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing form (be form + ing form) verbs

Ïí£±pè[ª áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù. Íô³ê¶ Ïí£±pè[ª áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õìª àµí£pè¯E·Újû¦, Ú•Eo ô¢Ú¥õ verbs ìª am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing form ö˺ î¦è[Ù. ÍN–

I) verbs expressing feelings and emotions.

IV) verbs

of

sense

perception.

(ò°›ï°uÙvCóŸ«õ í£ìª-õÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ# am/ is/ are ing ÑÙè[÷±. am/ is/ are looking, listening î¦è[-÷àŸªa.) V) have ÚÛª Aìè[Ù/ ê¦Þœè[Ù Íô¢nÙ Íô³ê¶ am having/ is having/ are having î¦è[÷àŸªa. NªÞœê¦ Íô¦n-õêÁ am/ is/ are having î¦è[Ù. Bath ÚÛª am/ is/ are having î¦è[ê¦Ù. i) English verbs six forms ö˺ ÑÙæ°ô³. Î six forms ö˺ ö¶E î¦æ¨E verbs ÍìÙ. šíjì àµí‡pìî¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ Ú•Eo vocabulary items ÚÛ«è¯ êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. ÷ªìÙ ëµjìÙ-Cì @N-êŸÙö˺ î¦è¶ ÷ú£ªh-÷±õÚÛª, ÷ªì ÏÙæ¨Ú¨, Cì-àŸ-ô¢uõÚÛª, ÷ªìÚÛª ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ ÷à¶a áñªs-õÚÛª, ÏêŸô¢ ò°ëÅ]-õÚÛª, ÷ªìÚÛ-ë]-L-ÚÛõÚÛª English ÷«åõª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. DE-êÁ-ò°åª Ú•Eo principles of pronunciation (English Ñà¦a-ô¢é ú£«vê¦õª) ÚÛ«è¯ êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ.

(òÅ°î¦-õìª, ÷ªì-ú£ªÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì Nù£-óŸ«-

ví£øŒo: 1) The match is to start. 2) The match is going to start. 3) The match is about to start.

Oæ¨ ÷ªëÅ]u ê¶è¯ ÔNªæ¨? Oæ¨E êµõªÞœªö˺ Óö° àµð§pL. – Ú•í£±põ ô¢N-ÚÛª-÷«ôÂ, ÷ô¢Ù-ÞœöËÀ

áî¦ñª:

1) The match is to startmatch

DE Íô¢nÙ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡ÙÚ¥î¦L/ Í÷±-꟪ÙC Ú¥›úqí£æ˺x ÍE. ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª Í÷-ö¶ë]ª ÍE. 2) The match is about to start- Ú•Cl ¤Ûé°ö˺x match vð§ô¢Ù-òÅ¡-÷ª-÷±êÁÙC ÍE. 3) The match is going to start- match

vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡Ù Ú¥ìªÙC. ·ôÙèÁî¦ÚÛuÙ about to start ö˺ ÷u÷CÅ à¦ö° êŸÚÛª\÷. ÷´èÁî¦ÚÛuÙö˺ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡Ù Ú¥ò˺-êÁÙC. ·ôÙèÁ

î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ ÷´èÁ î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ ÚÛÙç¶ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡÷ªó¶ªu ÷u÷CÅ êŸÚÛª\÷. ví£øŒo: One word substitutions ÍÙç¶ ÔNªæ¨? Oæ¨E Óö° Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hôÁ êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸª-Þœ-õô¢ª. might E ÓEo ú£Ùë]-ô¦sÄö˺x Ñí£-óµ«-T-þ§hô¢ª? – è…. ô¢OÙ-ë]ô ·ôè…f, áìÞ¥Ù áî¦ñª: Ú•Eo ÷«åõ ÚÛ«ô¢ªp Ïà¶a Íô¦nEo êµLóŸªâ¶›ú ÖÚÛ ÷«åìª one word substitute (one word substitution Ú¥ë]ª) ÍÙæ°Ù. eg: one who does not believe that god exists.

(ë¶÷±-è[ª-û¦o-è[E ì÷ªtE î¦è[ª – û¦ú‡hÚÛªè[ª) Ð ÷«åõ îµ³êŸhÙ Íô¦nEo êµL›í Ö¸Ú ÷«å – atheist (ÓóÀª-CÇ-ô³úÃd). Ú¥ñæ¨d ÏÚÛ\è[ 'atheist' Íû¶C one word substitute.

a)

ví£ú£ªhêŸÙö˺ ÷«vêŸî¶ª ÑÙå« òÅ¡N-ù£u-êÂö˺ ö¶E ú£Ùë¶-Eo ÷uÚÛhí£J-à¶Ù-ë]ªÚÛª 'might' î¦è[ê¦Ù.

eg: Hari might help you.

(J FÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶óŸª-÷àŸªa/ à¶þ§hè¶îµ«– ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù) They might leave tomorrow.

(î¦üŒ‰x ¸ôí£± îµü‹h-¸ô/ îµüŒx-÷àŸªa – ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù). Past ö˺ ú£Ùë¶-Eo ÷uÚÛh-í£-ô¢-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨, 'might' î¦è[ê¦Ù. Ð Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨E ð¼õaÙè…– a) I think he may help me.

(î¦è[ª û¦ÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶þ§h-è¶--ìE/ àµóŸªu-÷-àŸaE û¶ì-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åªû¦o.) b) I thought he might help me.

(î¦è[ª û¦ÚÛª ú£ï£„-óŸªÙ- à¶-þ§h-è¶--ìE/ àµóŸªu-÷-àŸaE Íìª-ÚÛªû¦o past).