Feb ('06) -13 - Spoken English

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

II Kasturi: Hi Mayuri what's new?

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 26 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

Mayuri: You know what happened to me yesterday? I went home from Charitha,

(àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’) Mayuri: I met Charitha yesterday. She had a piece of good news. She told me she had bought a new apartment.

(E†o ؈’ îªJ-ûª†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√o. ã ÆæçûÓ-≠æéπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç îÁ°œpçC. éÌûªh apartment éÌØ√o-†çC.) News - uncountable. A news ņç. Å®·ûË News á°æ¤púø’ singular í¬ØË ¢√úøû√ç. A good/ a bad news ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Good news/ bad news Åçö«ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ a piece of good news/ a piece of bad news ņ-´îª’a. Kasturi: That's good really.

and by then my husband had left for office. He had not taken the lunch box. He had forgotten it in his hurry.

(E†o Ø√Íéç ïJ-TçüÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? ؈’ îªJûª ü¿í∫_-J-†’ç* ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«x†’. Å°æp-öÀÍé ´÷ Çߪ’† Office èπ◊ ¢ÁRx§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. Lunch box BÆæ’-èπ◊¢Á-∞¡x-™‰ü¿’. ûÌçü¿-®Ω™ ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.) Look at these sentences picked up from the conversation above:

1) She told me

a) She told me she had bought a new apartment

Mayuri: She told me (that) she had got bank loan for buying the apartment. The bank released the loan three days ago.

b) She told me she had got a bank loan

(ûª†èπ◊ É©’x é̆-ú≈-EéÀ bank ®Ω’ùç É*aç-ü¿E îÁ°œpçC. È®çvúÓ-V© éÀçü¿õ‰ ®Ω’ùç Núø’-ü¿© î˨»®Ω’.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Kasturi: Where are you coming from now?

There are two past actions in sentence (a):

118

Had + PP is always used for the earlier of two past actions-

´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC: (Ø√ûÓ îÁ°œpçC)

2) That she had bought an apartment (apartment

é̆o-ü¿E). Ñ È®çúø÷ past actions. Å®·ûË é̆ôç ´·çü¿’, (éÌØ√o-†E) îÁ°æpôç ûª®√yûª ïJ-í¬®·. ´·çü¿’ ïJT† action had bought (had + PP form) ™ Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Åçõ‰ had + PP form, È®çúø’ past actions™ ´·çü¿®Ω ïJ-T† past action èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.

Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† È®çúø’ °æ†’™x, ¢Á·ü¿öÀ/ ´·çü¿J °æEéÀ had + PP ¢√úøû√ç. a) The teacher knew that he had not done the home work

Åûªúø’ home work îËߪ’-™‰-ü¿E teacher èπ◊ ûÁL-ÆœçC. (îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´ôç– earlier/ first past action) b) Where had you worked before you joined here?

(†’´¤y É°æ¤púø’ áéπ\úÕ†’ç* ´Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?) Mayuri: I went to the station to book tickets to Tirupati. But by the time I reached the reservation counter, they had closed. I was late by only five minutes.

؈’ A®Ω’-°æ-AéÀ tickets reserve îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆´’E station èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’. é¬E ¢Á∞Ïx-Ææ-JéÀ, reservation counter ´‚ÊÆ-¨»®Ω’. 5 EN’≥ƒ™‰ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ¢Á∞«x†’. Kasturi: Why didn't you start early enough?

(éÌçîÁç ´·çüË áçü¿’èπ◊ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-™‰ü¿’?) Mayuri: I had some work, and when I finally went there it was 2 o' clock. You know that on sundays reservation closes by 2.30. I started on my scooter, but on the way I found it had run out of petrol. I had it filled and then went to the station. That delayed me.

àüÓ °æ†’ç-úÕçC. Ç ûª®√yûª •ßª’-™‰l-Í®-Ææ-JéÀ õ„jç È®çúÁjçC. Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆. ÇC-¢√-®√©’, Reservations 2.30Íé éπõ‰d-≤ƒh-®ΩE. Scooter O’ü¿ •ßª’-™‰l®√. ü∆J™ ü∆çöx petrol Å®·§Ú-®·ç-ü¿E îª÷¨». Petrol §Ú®·ç* ¢Á∞Ïx-Ææ-JéÀ Ç©Ææuç Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. Run

out

of

(petrol/

money

etc.)

=

Å®·-§Ú-´ôç.Have it filled = §Ú®·ç-îªôç, Ééπ\úø Kasturi: A similar thing happened to me yesterday. The train had left before I reached the station. So I called my office and told them I was not coming. My delay was due to traffic jam.

(--E-†o Ø√èπÿ Å™«ç-öÀüË ïJ-TçC. ؈’ station èπ◊ îËÍ®-™ Ê° train ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC. ´÷ office èπ◊ Phone îËÆ œ ؈’ ®√´-ôç-™‰-ü¿E îÁ§ƒp†’. Ø√èπ◊ traffic jam ´©x Ç©Ææuç Å®·çC.)

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É´Fo èπÿú≈ ™ -Öç-ö«®·.

Spoken English

I had had some work c) By the time I reached the reservation counter they had closed.

sentence (b)

™

Å™«Íí èπÿú≈.

(Ééπ\úø îËÍ®-´·çü¿’ O’È®-éπ\úø °æE-îË-¨»®Ω’.) Ééπ\úø îË®Ωôç – past - Åçûª-èπ◊ -´·çü¿’ Ææçí∫-A -é¬-•öÀd had worked)

She told me

d) I had had some work and when I finally...

(that) she had got a

e) I found it had run out of petrol.

bank loan - loan

c) I had not known him till you introduced him to me.

h) ... he had not taken the lunch box

´*açü¿E îÁ°œpçC. loan ®√´ôç ´·çü¿J past action 鬕öÀd had got.

i) He had forgotten it.

Sentence c) By the time I reached the reser-

In all the sentences above look at the verbs:

vation counter, they had closed. (؈’ îËÍ®-ô-°æpöÀÍé ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´‚ÊÆ-¨»®Ω’). ´‚ÊÆ-ߪ’ôç ´·çü¿’ 鬕öÀd

1) He gave me yesterday what I asked for

had closed.

2) He gave me yesterday what I had asked for.

f) The train had left before I reached the station. g) ... by then my husband had left for office

a) had bought (had + Past participle (PP) of buy) b) had got (had + PP of get)

M. SURESAN

d) I had had some work and when I finally went

c) had closed (had+ PP of close)

there it was 2 o' clock.

d) had had (had + PP of have)

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ °æE ÖçúÕçC ´·çü¿®Ω, ¢Á∞¡xôç ûª®√yûª 鬕öÀd had had (had + PP)

e) had run (had + PP of run) f) had left (had + PP of leave)

e) I found it had run out of petrol

Petrol Å®·-§Ú®· Öçúøôç (´·çü¿J action) îª÷¨»†’ – 鬕öÀd had run (had + PP) f) ؈’ platform îË®Ω’-éÌØËÆæJéÀ train ¢ÁR}-§Ú-®·çC. – i) had forgotten (had + PP) ÉC ´·çü¿’, 鬕öÀd had left (had + PP) °j verb form í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆: had + Past g) Éçü¿’™ èπÿú≈ 'ØËEç-öÀ-Èé-∞Ï}-Ææ-JéÀ, Çߪ’† Participle (had + PP)-verb- Ñ form ™ Öçõ‰ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. (Had left- ÉC ´·çü¿’) ÅC past perfect tense Å´¤-ûª’çC. É°æ¤púø’ DE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç. h) He had not taken the lunch box - Lunch box BÂÆ\-∞¡x-™‰ü¿’ – ÉC ´·çü¿’ – 鬕öÀd had (not) a) She told me (yesterday) that she had bought g) had left ( had + PP of leave ) h) had (not) taken (had + PP)

a new apartment

éÌûªh apartment éÌØ√o-†E îÁ°œpçC E†o. ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: Angad: Hi Vaali.

Åûªúø’ Chennai ¢Á∞«x-úøE †’´¤y E†o Ø√ûÓ áçü¿’èπ◊ Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ§ƒp´¤? (Å•ü¿l¥ç – lie ¢√úøçúÕ) Vaali: ™‰ü¿’. ؈’ Å•ü¿l¥ç îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡-û√†E Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒpúø’. FûÓ ´÷ö«x-úÕç-ûª-®√yûª Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-ü¿E ûÁL-ÆœçC. Åûªúø’ programme ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√o†E îÁ§ƒpúø’. Angad: ØËØË¢Á÷ Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞«x-úøE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. Åçü¿’-éπE ÅûªúÕé¬ °æ¤Ææhéπç ûª®√yûª É´ya™‰ ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. ØËØ√°æ¤Ææhéπç É´y-™‰-ü¿E Ø√O’ü¿ î√™« éÓ°æp-ú≈fúø’. Vaali: I am sorry. Åûªúø’ -FûÓ Programme ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊†o N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒh-úø-†’-èπ◊Ø√o. 鬕öÀd Fèπ◊ Phone îËߪ’™‰ü¿’ ؈’. Angad: Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡x-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË ûÁ©’Ææ’.

taken i) He had forgotten action

鬕öÀd

ÉC èπÿú≈ ´·çü¿J

past

Angad: Vaali:

Sentence 1

Å®Ωnç: ؈-úÕ-TçC ÅûªúÕî√aúø’. Ééπ\úø ؈-úø-í∫ôç, Åûªúø’ É´yôç ¢Áçô ¢ÁçôØË, ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé-≤ƒJ ïJ-T-†ô’x Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. È®çúø÷ E†oØË. Sentence 2 Å®Ωnç: ؈ç-ûªèπ◊ ´·çüÁ-°æ¤úÓ ÅúÕ-TçC Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ E†o Éî√aúø’. (É´y-ô¢Ë’ E†o, Åúø-í∫ôç Åçûªèπ◊ ´·çüÁ-°æ¤púÓ) Sentence (1) èπÿ, (2) èπÿ áçûª ûËú≈ØÓ í∫´’-Eçî√®Ω’ éπü∆. ÅD had + PP Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. ´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷úøçúÕ. a) He had not slept for two days. When I know that I felt pity for him

È®çúø’ ®ÓV-©’í¬ Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-™‰ü¿’. ÅC ûÁL-Æœ† ؈’ ñ«L-°æ-ú≈f†’. b) Who had opened this before I saw it?

؈’ îª÷ÊÆ-´·çüË á´®Ω’ ûÁJ-î√®Ω’ DEo?

had forgotten - had + PP

PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING Vaali:

O’®Ω’ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Çߪ’† Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. ÅC éπLT, ¢√úø-éπ-§ÚûË ÆæJí¬ Öçúøü¿’. In English, had + PP is very important. confusion communication Look at the following.

Åûªúø’ áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’? Åûªúø’ wait îËÆæ’h†o Phone call ®√™‰-ü¿ô. OK. ØË¢Á-∞«xL. ´≤ƒh.

Angad: I thought that he had gone. So I thought I could give him the book later. He was/ felt angry that I had not returned his book. Vaali:

Angad: Bye. ANSWER Angad: Hi. Vaali, why did you lie to me that he had left for Chennai yesterday? Vaali:

I am sorry. I thought he would tell you about his change of programme. Because I had thought so, I didn't call you (So -

Å™«)

Angad: I had known that he would not go. Vaali:

No. I didn't lie. He had told me that he

Why didn't he go? (Why did he not go?)

only after I had talked to you. He told

Angad: He didn't get the phone call he had waited for.

me that he had changed his pro-

Vaali:

gramme.

Angad: Bye.

would go. I knew that he had not gone

OK. I must be going. Bye.

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