Feb ('07)-13 - Spoken English

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 27 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ concede

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

279

Pradhan: What's the time now? Vardhan: Nine exactly by my watch.

(Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç ûÌN’tü¿®·çC.) Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç.

by my watch =

(éπØ˛-Æ‘ú˛) = Ææ´’t-Aç-îªôç ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ). Vardhan: Why so? (áçü¿’-éπE?)

(

úÕ´÷çú˛

Pradhan: We demanded that they raise the pay from a back date, but they wouldn't. They wanted to avoid paying us the back wages.

(¢Ë’ç í∫ûªç †’ç* °çîª-´’Ø√oç. é¬F ¢√∞¡Ÿx (ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç) ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îª-™‰ü¿’, í∫ûªç †’ç* °ç*-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ´îËa •é¬®· ¢ËûªØ√©’ áíÌ_-ôd-ö«-EéÀ)

Pradhan: Nine already! How time flies! Thanks for a well spent hour. I must rush to office. I've (I have) a lot of back log to clear. I suppose it will keep me busy till the week end.

Vardhan: Yea; now I remember. I read about the trouble in your company in the back number of a finance journal.

(Å°æ¤púË ûÌN’t-ü¿-®·çü∆. ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ ¶«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ thanks. Ç°∂‘Æˇèπ◊ ¢ÁRx§Ú-¢√L. Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·† °æE î√™«

(Ç... Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC. O’ éπç°F vô•’™¸ †’ í∫’Jç* àüÓ ÇJnéπ °ævAé𠧃ûª Ææç*-éπ™ îªC-¢√†’.) Pradhan: You're

right.

It

must

be

the

1

glad to see the back of something/ someone=

äéπ®Ω’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª-´’-´ôç îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îªôç. a) Who won't be glad to see the back of corruption.

(ÅN-FA Åü¿%-¨¡u-´’-´ôç á´-J-éÀ-≠dçæ ™‰ü¿’?) b) Every opposition leader will be glad to see the back of ruling party.

(v°æB N°æ-éπ~-ØËûª ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o §ƒKd ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ú≈Eo £æ«J{-≤ƒh-úø’.) c) He was glad to see the back of the guest.

(ÅAC∑ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç îª÷Æœ Åûªúø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√úø’.) 4) They have back tracked on their offer.

(¢√Rx-≤ƒh-´’†o ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.) Back track on offer/ promise/ word =

É´yôç/ ¢√í¬l†ç/ ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´ôç

-v°æ¨¡o: i) Shopping ÅØË °æü¿ç ᙫ °æ¤-öÀdç-C? ii) I saw/ I did see

™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? °æü∆-©èπ◊ plural îÁ°æpçúÕ. –-Å-L-¨Î-öÀd ≤ƒy-N’-ü∆Æˇ, -A-§ƒp-ߪ’°æ-Lx, éπ-Kç-†í∫®˝. ï¢√•’: i) shop Åçõ‰ ü¿’é¬ùç éπü∆. ü¿’é¬ùç/ Åçí∫öx ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌçö«ç 鬕öÀd shopping Åçö«ç. a) shop = ü¿’é¬ùç/ Åçí∫úÕ b) shop = ü¿’é¬-ùç™E ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆úøç. iii) Miss, Mister, Mrs

a) I bought these things at/ in that shop =

Ç ü¿’é¬-ùç™ Ñ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌØ√o.

I've a lot of back log to clear ÖçC. Åü¿çû√ Å´-íÌ-ö«dL. ü∆E-´©x Ñ ¢√®√ç-ûªç- ´-®Ωèπ◊ G@í¬ Öçö«-†E ņ’èπ◊çö«.) well spent = ¶«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ†. to clear = ÅÆæç-°æ‹-Jhí¬ Ö†o°æE-E -°æ‹Jh îËߪ’ôç. Vardhan: You usually sweat it out. Why don't you take it easy for a change.

(´÷´‚-©’í¬ †’´¤y î√™« v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-û√´¤. éπFÆæç ´÷®Ω’p-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ ã≤ƒ-JéÀ ûËLí¬_ BÆæ’éÓ-´îª’a éπü∆?) sweat it out= îÁ´’-öúÕa v¨¡´’-°æ-úøôç

December issue of it. OK. I must be going. See you.

(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC éπÈ®Íéd. ÅC úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ Ææç*éπ Åߪ·uçú≈L. ؈’ ¢Á∞«}L. éπ©’≤ƒh) [ [ [ Spoken English ™ back ûÓ ´îËa ÅA≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωù¢Á’i† expressions †’ í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆. Now look at the following sentences from the dialogue above. 1) I've a lot of back log to clear 2) The boss is always on our back

Pradhan: What do you know? The boss is always on our back; he forgets we are understaffed. If I don't clear the back log, I'll be shown the door. It's as serious as that.

3) Most of us at the office will be glad to see the back of him.

(ÅC °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆éπ ´÷ ¶«Æˇ ´÷ ¢Áçô-°æúø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’. ´÷èπ◊ Æœ•sçC ûªèπ◊\´ ņo N≠æߪ’ç ´’Ja-§Ú--û√úø’. Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú-®·† °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË, ¢ÁRx-§Ò-´’tç-ö«úø’. Ç N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª Æ‘J-ߪ’Æˇ.) (To be) shown the door = •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-´’-†ôç.

6) They wanted to avoid paying us back wages.

Vardhan: I thought your boss was the good sort.

(O’ ¶«Æˇ ´’ç*-®Ωéπç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.) ®Ωéπç

sort = type =

Pradhan: Good Sort! No other boss can be as nasty as he. Most of us at the office will be very glad to see the back of him.

(´’çî√! à ¶«Æˇ èπÿú≈ Åçûª ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úø’í¬ Öçúøúø’. ´÷ Ç°∂‘-Æˇ™ î√™«´’çC Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.) Nasty = ü¿’®√t-®Ω_-¢Á’i†. Vardhan: Perhaps your pay is good.

(O’ @ûªç ¶«í¬ØË Öçô’ç-ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«) Pradhan: Who'd grudge if the pay were as good as the work? what we get is a pittance.

(v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªí∫_/ °æEéÀ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† @ûªç Öçõ‰ á´®Ω’ Ææù’-í∫’-û√®Ω’? ¢Ë’ç§Òç-üËC î√™« ûªèπ◊\´.) pittance = î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ úø•’s. - °œö¸Ø˛q– '°œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç Vardhan: Then demand a rise.

(°çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îËߪ’çúÕ.) °ç°æ¤

A rise=

Pradhan: We did and they conceded. But they have back tracked on their offer of a 20% rise in wages.

(¢Ë’ç úÕ´÷çú˛ î˨»ç. ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ÅçUéπJç*çC. é¬-F 20 ¨»ûªç ¢Ëûª-Ø√© °ç°æ¤ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¢√Rx-*a-†-´÷ô O’ü¿ ¢Á†éÀ\ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’/ ´÷ô-´÷-®√a®Ω’)

4) They have back tracked on their offer 5) We demanded that they raise the pay from a back date... 1) I've a lot of back log to clear =

Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú®·† °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC. back log = (°æE ™«çöÀN) Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·-†N. a) In every LPG shop/ gas agency, there is a lot of back log, So you'd (you had) better book in advance.

(v°æA gas agency ™†÷ É°æp-öÀÍé book îËÆæ’èπ◊†o î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC. Åçü¿’éπE ´·ç-üË Cylinder †’ book îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç ´’ç*C. (Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ book îËÆæ’èπ◊E ÖØ√o cylinder E Éçé¬ §Òçü¿-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx, back log Ééπ\úø)) b) The back log of applicants for the issue of licences is yet to be cleared. So I'd better apply now so that I can get the licence three months later .

a) The party has back tracked on the policy of free power for all the farmers.

(È®jûª’-©ç-ü¿-Jéà Ö*ûªNü¿’uû˝ Nüµ∆†ç ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’déÓ-™‰ü∆ §ƒKd/§ƒKd ´÷ô´÷JaçC/ ´÷ô ûª°œpçC.) b) He back tracked on his word of pardon.

(éπ~N’-≤ƒh-†E ņo´÷ô†’ Åûªúø’ E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.) 5) We demanded that the raise of wages from a back date.

2) The boss is always on our back

(´÷ ¶«Æˇ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Áçô-°æ-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’ °æE îË®·çîª-ö«-EéÀ.) be on some one's back = ÅüË°æEí¬ äéπJ ¢Áçô-°æúÕ °æE-îË-®·ç--éÓ-´ôç/ §Ú®Ω’-°-ôdúøç. a) My dad's on my back about getting married. So I am seeking a job in a distance place.

(°R} îËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E ´÷ Ø√†o äéπõ‰ §Ú®Ω’ °úø’-ûª’Ø√oúø’. Åçü¿’-éπE àüÁjØ√ ü¿÷®Ω v§ƒçûªç™ ÖüÓu-í∫ç éÓÆæç v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.) b) She was on her husband's back about costly jewellery. He ran into debts to satisfy her.

(êK-üÁj† †í∫© éÓÆæç ¶µº®Ωh†’ §Ú®Ω’-°-õ‰d-Ææ-JéÀ, Ç¢Á’ éÓJéπ B®Ωa-ú≈-EéÀ Åûªúø’ Å°æ¤p-©-§ƒ-©-ߪ÷uúø’.) 3) Most of us will be glad to see the back of him.

(Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ Ç°∂‘Æˇ ™ î√™«-´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’.)

úø•’s-†o-°æ¤púË ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆-í∫©ç. ii) Miss, Mrs, Mr. - OöÀéÀ plural Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ¢√úø®Ω’. ¢√úø-éπç™ ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË Mr èπ◊ plural Messrs ÅE ÖçC. é¬E DEE M/s í¬ company © Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ – ÅC èπÿú≈ company © Ê°®Ω’x ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’xí¬ Öçõ‰ØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. eg: M/s Gopal and Krishna, M/s Syamlal & Sons, Company Messrs iii) I saw, I did see -

™«çöÀN. ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ωx™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úøç.

Ê°®Ω’x,

È®çúø÷

correct. I saw (the movie last night) = I did see (the movie...) =

؈’ îª÷¨»†’. ؈’ îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\ (§ƒûª ûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª-Ø√©’ °çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îÁ°æpôç. (؈’ îª÷úø-éπ-§Ú-´ôç àN’öÀ? éπ*aûªçí¬ î˨»ç.) îª÷¨»†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) Back date = í∫ûªç™ äéπ ®ÓV/ ûËC. I did see him go out = Åûª†’ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç a) Raju wanted the teacher to issue him a cer؈’ îª÷¨»†’ – îª÷úøôç ߪ’ü∆®Ωnç. tificate with a back date. (§ƒûªûË-C ¢ËÆœ† ÆæJd-°∂œ-Èéö¸ É´y-´’E ®√V öÃîª-®˝†’ v°æ-¨¡o: éÀç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -ûË-ú≈ -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ. 1. Passenger - traveller éÓ®√úø’.) b) Kumari issued a cheque carrying a back date. 6) They wanted to avoid paying us back wages .

(èπ◊´÷J §ƒûªûËDûÓ Ö†o îÁé˙†’ É*açC.)

(§ƒûªûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª†ç É´yôç áíÌ_-ö«d-©E ņ’èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.back wages = (Back date †’ç* Å´’™„j† @-ûªç •é¬-®·©’.) a) The court struck down his removal from service and ordered the company to pay him back wages.

(ÅûªúÕE ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îªôç éÓ®Ω’d éÌõ‰dÆœçC; @-ûªç •é¬-®·-©†’ îÁLxç-îª-´’çC.) b) He spent the back wages on his daughter's marriage.

(ûª† @ûªç •é¬-®·-©ûÓ èπÿûª’J °Rx î˨»úø’.) 7) back number = back number a) I came across your photo in one of the back numbers of the magazine.

äéπ °ævAéπ í∫ûª Ææç*-éπ†’

(Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ ™„jÂÆØ˛q éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h °ô’d-èπ◊†o ¢√∞¡x ñ«Gû√ °æ‹®Ωh´-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ É°æ¤púË Å°kx îËÊÆh ´‚úø’ ØÁ©©-ÈéjØ√ ´Ææ’hçC.)

b) Only when we have money we can shop =

Åçö«ç.

(Ç °ævAé𠧃ûªÆæç*-éπ© äéπü∆ØÓx F§∂Òö îª÷¨»†’.) b) Kumar could not get the back number of the magazine. (

-´÷uí∫-@-Ø˛ §ƒûªÆæç*éπ- èπ◊´÷-®˝èπ◊ áéπ\ú≈ üÌ®Ω-éπ™‰ü¿’.)

Exercise Match the words under A with their meanings under B A B 1) Rural A) small 2) quiet B) of villages 3) harm C) calm 4) polite D) hurt 5) minute E) simple F) courteous G) complicated Key: 1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.F; 5.A.

2. Attender - Attendant

– Èé. Å°æp-©-Ææ÷J, N¨»-ê-°æôoç ï¢√•’: Traveller ÅØ√o passenger ÅØ√o ûÁ©’í∫’™ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Traveller Åçõ‰ ûª®Ωîª÷ v°æߪ÷-ù«©’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ English ™ áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. Passenger Åçõ‰ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË. Å®·ûË àüÁjØ√ v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿†ç (car, bus, train) ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅE. ÉC î√™« ´·êu¢Á’i† ûËú≈. passenger á°æ¤púø÷ v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿-†ç™ ÅD ûª†’ drive îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ÉçÈé-´-È®jØ√ drive îËÊÆ ¢√£æ«-†ç™ ¢Á∞Ïx ¢√úøE Å®Ωnç. Passengers Åçü¿®Ω÷ travellers é¬F travellers Åçü¿®Ω÷ passengers 鬆-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. ii) Attendant Åçõ‰ ؈éπ®Ω’. shops, parking areas (¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ EL-Ê°-îÓô’x–•£œ«-®Ωçí∫ v°æüË-¨»™x) customers èπ◊ ÊÆ´-©ç-CçîË ¢√∞¡⁄x, íÌ°æp £æ«Ùü∆™x Ö†o-¢√--∞¡Ÿx, ´·Ææ-L-¢√-∞¡Ÿx ´uéÀh-í∫ûª¢Á’i† ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx (ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÊÆ´-èπ◊©’) attendants. Å®·ûË Â°j Å®ΩnçûÓ India ™ attender ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. é¬F standard spoken or written English ™ ؈éπ®Ω’, ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ attender ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úø®Ω’. äéπ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ £æ…ï®Ω’ (attend) ÅßË’-u¢√-∞¡xØË attenders Åçö«®Ω’ standard English ™. a) She is a regular attender at these music concerts =

Ñ §ƒô éπîË-K-©èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ véπ´’ç ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈ £æ…ï-®Ω-´¤-ûª’çC.

b) There wasn't any attendant to take care of the blind passenger =

Ç Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊úÕE îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-ú≈-EéÀÈé´®Ω÷ ؈éπ®Ω’/ ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ™‰úø’. (á´J Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË v°æߪ÷ùç î˨»úø’)

c) Blind passengers are allowed to take an attendant free on the train =

Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷ùÀèπ◊©’ ûª´’ Å´-Ææ-®√-©†’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ØË ¢√JE È®j∞¡x™ Ö*-ûªçí¬ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x´îª’a .

- M. SURESAN