Feb ('06) -11 - Spoken English

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

II Dinesh: Hi Ramesh, I hear (that) you have bought a new bike. bike

(†’´¤y éÌûªh ûÁL-ÆœçC)

éÌØ√o-´E NØ√o†’/

Ramesh: Yes, I bought it the day before yesterday. I took it to the temple yesterday, and had the pooja done.

(Å´¤†’, ¢Á·†o éÌØ√o†’. E†o í∫’úÕéÀ BÆæ’-ÈéR} °æ‹ï îË®·ç-î√†’) Had the pooja done = °æ‹-ï îË®·ç-î √†’ Dinesh: Wish you a happy ride on the new bike ride = bike, scooter ride

-•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 22 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

Ramesh: My brother hasn’t seen my new bike yet. He has been away in Chennai for the past four days. We expect him tomorrow. brother new bike

(´÷ Éçé¬ Ø√ îª÷∞Ïxü¿’. Çߪ’† Ø√©’-í∫’-®Ó-V-©’í¬ îÁØÁj o™ ÖØ√oúø’. Í®§Ò-≤ƒh-úø-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.)

Dinesh: Have you shown it to our friend Kapil?

(éπ°œ-™¸èπ◊ îª÷°œç-î√¢√?) Ramesh: Yes. I showed it to him yesterday itself. He liked the colour very much.

(´÷´‚-©’í¬) ≤ƒyK, ™«çöÀ ¢√£æ«-Ø√© O’ü¿ ¢Á∞¡xôç èπÿú≈

(E†oØË îª÷°œç-î√†’. ®Ωçí∫’ Åûª-EéÀ î√™« †*açC). Dinesh: Do come down this evening. Let me have a ride on it.

a) I bought it the day before yesterday.

(¢Á·†o éÌØ√o†’ – 鬕öÀd

bought - past doing

u have + pp/ has + pp actions versation sentences

öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ïJ-T† ™ Ñ

word) b) I took it to temple yesterday and had the

a) I have used my bike for only two years

pooja done

(È®çúË-∞¡Ÿxí¬– Åçõ‰ È®çúË∞¡x éÀçü¿öÀ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ´-®Ωèπ◊– Ø√ bike ¢√ú≈†’. Åçõ‰ action from then. Å°æpöÀ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æE.)

E†o í∫’úÕéÀ BÆæ’-ÈéR} °æ‹ï îË®·çî√

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

116

(≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ®√. ã≤ƒJ ††’o -†-úø°æF ü∆Eo.) Ramesh: Oh, certainly. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈).

c) I called your home three times yesterday

؈’ O’ ÉçöÀéÀ E†o ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x

Phone

î˨»

I haven’t had any trouble Ramesh: Thank you. I have called your home three times yesterday, but there was no response. I wanted to show the bike to you. phone bike

(O’ ÉçöÀéÀ E†o ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x î˨»†’, é¬E á´®Ω÷ áûªh-™‰ü¿’. Fèπ◊ îª÷°œ-ü∆l-´’-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.) Response = Ææpçü¿†. Phone ™«çöÀN á´-È®jØ√ îËÊÆh °æ©-éπúøç response

Dinesh: We were at my cousin’s to attend a function cousin function Ramesh: Any idea of buying a new bike? bike

(´÷

Éçöx

(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o éÌûªh Ø√o¢√?)

èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xç)

éÌçü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-

Dinesh: I have used my bike for only two years. I haven’t had any trouble with it, so I don’t find a reason to change it. bike trouble

(Ø√ †’ È®çúË∞Ïx ¢√ú≈-E-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊. É´y-™‰ü¿’. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ÅC Ø√Íéç ´÷®Ωa-ö«-EéÀ Ø√Íéç 鬮Ωùç éπE-°œç-îª-ô癉ü¿’) PRACTISE

Interviewer: Candidate Interviewer:

O’ Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’ àN’öÀ? (ŶµºuJn): ؈’ B.Tech î˨»†’. O’®Ω’ B.Tech degree á°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’? Candidate: ؈’ B.Tech exam June 2004 ™ ®√¨»†’. Result Aug 2004 ™ ´*açC. Interviewer: Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ O’Í®çîË-¨»®Ω’? Candidate: ؈’ ã software company ™ Programmer í¬ ÖØ√o†’. Interviewer: É°æp-öÀéÀ O’èπ◊ áØËo∞¡x experience? Candidate: ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç-†o®Ω. Interviewer: îª÷úøçúÕ, O’È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπç°F ´÷®√©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’? Candidate: O’ éπç°-F™ job îËߪ÷-©ØË éÓJéπ Ø√èπ◊ î√™«-é¬-©çí¬ ÖçC. Interviewer: That’s OK. O’ certificates ûÁî√a®√? Candidate: ûÁî √a†’. Interviewer: ††’o îª÷úø-E-´yçúÕ.

Spoken English

Dinesh: Bye then, see you this evening.

(Å™«Íí, ≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ©’ü∆lç). éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç ´’†ç– have +

°j ´‚úø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x†÷ time ûÁL-Æœ† actions 鬕öÀd bought, took, called ÅØË doings words ¢√ú≈ç.

past

a) I have seen the movie; I saw it yesterday.

M. SURESAN

past participle/ has + past participle (PP)_

(DEo present perfect Åçö«ç)– past action time not stated èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ èπÿú≈ Å™«çöÀ ¢√úøéπç îª÷úøçúÕ. You have bought a new bike = †’´¤y éÌûªh bike éÌØ√o´¤. é̆ôç past, Å®·ûË á°æ¤p-úø-ØËC îÁ°æpôç ™‰ü¿’. Verb: have bought = have + PP ÅD past action, time stated (í∫ûªç™ ïJT, á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçD time ûÁL-§ƒ-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ)– Å°æ¤púø’ past indefinite / past simple tense ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ Past doing word (came, went, sang, danced ™«çöÀ verbs ¢√úøû√ç). Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ü∆E Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù îª÷úøçúÕ. tense

THE

Past

FOLLOW-

ANSWER: Interviewer: What are your qualifications? Candidate: I have done B.Tech. Interviewer: When did you take the B.Tech Degree? Candidate: I took the B.Tech exam in June 2004. The result came in Aug 2004. Interviewer: What have you done since then? Candidate: I have been a programmer in a software company. Interviewer: Howmany years of experience have you had so far? Candidate: About a year and a half. Interviewer: Look here, Why do you want to change your company? Candidate: I have had the wish/ desire of doing a job in your company. Interviewer: That’s OK. Have you brought your certificates? Candidate: Yes, I have. Interviewer: Let me see them.

†’ á°æ¤púÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i É°æpèπÿ ¢√úøû√ç. °j conîª÷úøçúÕ.

b) I haven’t had (have not had) any trouble with it so far trouble (Till now) action have + not + pp (haven’t had) c) My brother hasn’t seen my new bike yet. (yet= brother bike verb - has + not + seen) d) Have you shown your bike to Kapil? bike Have shown) e) He has been away in Chennai for the past four days

(ü∆E-´©x Ø√éÀ-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ àç ™‰ü¿’) Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† èπ◊ ¢√ú≈ç.

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. (F

Ø√ éÌûªh

éπ°œ-™¸èπ◊ îª÷§ƒ¢√ (Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊–

(Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV-©’í¬– Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV© éÀçü¿öÀ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Çߪ’† îÁØÁj o™ ÖØ√oúø’. has been - ‘be’ form - state of being -ÖØ√oúø’ – ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) doing word. u So, have + pp/ has + pp- Ñ verb form†’ éÀçC b) We have finished our breakfast; We finished Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úøû√ç. 1) Past action, time not stated (í∫ûªç™ ïJT, it an hour ago. time îÁ°æpE °æEéÀ) (¢Á·ü¿öÀ ¶µ«í∫ç™ time îÁ°æpô癉ü¿’, 鬕öÀd have finished. È®çúÓ ¶µ«í∫ç™ ‘an hour ago’, ÅE 2) Action from then till now (Å°æpöÀ†’ç* É°æp-öÀ´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æEéÀ) time îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç, 鬕öÀd finished. c) The police have arrested him; They arrested u have + pp/ has + pp (pp- Åçõ‰ past participle)just, just now, ÅØË ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕûË É°æ¤púË °æ‹®Ωhhim last week. °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úø-´îª’a. (Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ have arrested (time not stated); a) ®·† ¢√úÕ-°æ¤púË •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞«xúø’= ¢Á·ü¿ô time îÁ°æpôç ™‰ü¿’ á°æ¤púø’ îª÷ÆœçC. Åçü¿’-´©x have seen (have + pp). È®çúÓ ¶µ«í∫ç™ yesterday ÅE îÁ°æp-ôç-´©x, saw - past

arrested (past doing word because time is stated)

Ñ difference English ™ very important. So ´’†ç have + pp/ has + pp èπ◊, Past doing èπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈ î√™« careful í¬ í∫’®Ω’h-°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√L.

Ñ game ÇúøçúÕ I know that he has gone.

He has just gone out b) Train The train has just arrived. c) They have just had their meals.

É°æ¤púË ´*açC=

¢√Rx-°æ¤púË ¶µçîË-¨»®Ω’=

É°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’ îËߪ÷-LqçC. I know that he has gonesentence model sentences Model: sub + Vb + that clause I Know that he has gone examples: She says that she knows Telugu. He does (not) know that it is mine. a) questions b) dialogues practice

í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊E áEo

Ñ Å®·ûË ÅEo ņôç

Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞«x-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´’J-éÌEo That he has gone= ¢Á∞«x-úøE (that èπ◊ Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç = ÅE.) That he has passed = Åûªúø’ pass Åߪ÷uúø’ èπÿú≈ É™« English ™ that ûÓ begin ÅßË’u ´÷ô™x OöÀ™x îËߪ’-´îª’a. verb (6 forms of verb í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆?) Öçõ‰ a) Does she think that I am a fool? ü∆Eo ‘that clause’ Åçö«ç. Kumar: Do you know that Ganesh is here? Ééπ\úø ... that he has gone- that ûÓ begin ÅßË’u b) Kesav: I don’t. How do you Know that he is Ñ ´÷ô™x has gone ÅØË verb ÖçC. 鬕öÀd, ÉC, here. ‘that clause’.

Kumar: Your sister has said that he is here.

-v°æ-¨¡o: He is a student of learn well school ÅE -O’®Ω’ ®√¨»®Ω’. He is a student at learn well school ÅE Öçú≈L éπü∆. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. – -üµ¿-†, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -ï-¢√-•’: A Student of, Student at- Ñ È®çúø÷ correct. Å®·ûË A Student at Learn well School éÌçîÁç formal. -¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ student of a School/ College/ University ÅØËüË áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖçC.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm