Etymology Of Chora And Papa

Is it possible that Tamil be a Prakrit Home > Communities > Science & History > Indian / South Asian Languages > Forum > Messages first | < previous | next > | last showing 1-10 of 24

23 Feb

.. Is it possible that Tamil be a Prakrit though in the mainstream academics, this view is almost neglected now, there seems to be still a belief amongst some than Tamil / Dravidian languages could have evolved from a form of Prakrit. When we say as Prakrit, it means that the language is a descendent of Sanskrit. in that sense, it would almost mean impossible, except for a few Sanskrit loanwords in ancient Tamil. is there a probability more than 10% that Tamil could be considered a Prakrit, in continuity with the rest of the Indian languages?

23 Feb

Misanthrope If the linguistic history of the subcontinent has been mapped right up to the pre-Sanskrit era then I guess that there is 0% probability that this could ever be true. Anyways, I never understand this obsession(or even the thought) of some people trying to encompass the Dravidian languages within the Sanskrit fold. Why never the Austro-asiatic or the Sino-Tibetan languages of India?

24 Feb

Miguel Il y a aussi une certaine obsession d’attacher l’anglais au latin, ou comme une langue « mixte » ou tout simplement comme une langue « anglo-saxonne », qui a subi une « énorme » influence du latin « dès l’occupation romaine de la Grande-Bretagne ». La raison est subtile, mais suffisamment claire pour qui la veut voire : s’approcher de l’héritage temporel

et spirituel de Rome, l’Empire et l’Eglise, et s’éloigner d’une parenté incomode : les allemands. Je vois que le sanskrit et le latin, au-delà des semblances dans leurs histoires externes, suscitent aussi des mythes semblables.

24 Feb

Karthik Prakrit does not mean derived from Sanskrit. It just meant a spoken dialect in the beginning, and came to be used for all non-sanskrit languages later on. In that sense, Tamil is a prakrit. However, this cannot be interpreted in a modern linguistic context to mean anything (like this is derived from that and so on), as Indians did not classify the spoken languages of their times based on modern ideas.

24 Feb

.. Why never the Austro-asiatic or the Sino-Tibetan languages of India? i suppose its because those languages do not have an independent literary and cultural heritage as Tamil has. proving those languages to be descendents of Sanskrit is not going to be of much use in the real world. So for the Sanskritic fundamentalists, if Tamil is not to be a descendent of Sanskrit and at the same time has a large corpus of reasonable and thoughtful ancient literature, then it means Sanskrit will get a new competitor for itself in terms of antiquity.

24 Feb

.. Karthik, ur post makes some sense on this topic.

25 Feb

Dibya (িদবয্) @ Miguel:

I thank you for your contribution and insight, but I request you to please try to write in English (even if it is not perfect), when posting in a thread which is otherwise in English. Please, try to stick to the language used by the thread starter. Je vous remercie pour votre apport des idées précieuses; mais au même instant, je vous prie d'essayer d'écrire en anglais (même si ce n'est pas parfait) dans les fils, qui sont par ailleurs en anglais. Merci d'utiliser la même langue que celle qu'a choisi l'initiateur du fil.

26 Feb

Ramakrishnan I dont think anyone claims (or even want to think) that Tamil may be derived from Sanskrit or the other way round, although I know that there are people who throw such wild ideas on internet discussion forums. Those discussions are not worth commenting about though. Most of the IA and Dravidian literature are undated. Apart from the Vedas (which we know can be roughly dated to the second millenium BCE) and the epics, old sutra literature, and buddhist canon which may be dated to the first millenium BCE, most other IA and Dravidian literature are datable only in the christian era. Existence of literature from an independent language family (Dravidian in this case) does not imply we can build Dravidian's linguistic ancestry upto the second millenium BCE (Vedic period) or even to the Indus valley civilization. So there may be no question of any competition or anything of that sort between the language families to determine which has an older attested presence. I think that question has already been settled unless we come up with fresh inscriptions/literature that are older than what is known to us. No, Tamil is not a prakrit (according to our current understanding), but in olden days, it may have been called a prakrit simply to distinguish it as a crude form of speech contrasted with sanskrit. Kumarila Bhatta mentions in his Tantravarttika about "andhra-dravida bhasa" which seems to imply that in his time, one could not distinguish clearly between telugu and tamil or that they were so similar even in the 7-8th centuries AD as to be classified as a single language.

26 Feb

Sumanth ಸುಮಂತ್ ^^ Kumarila Bhatta mentions in his Tantravarttika about "andhra-dravida bhasa" which seems to imply that in his time, one could not distinguish clearly between telugu and tamil or that they were so similar even in the 7-8th centuries AD as to be classified as a single language.

Where does that put Kannada and TuLu? I for one, feel that Telugu, specially during the time of Krishnadevaraaya had absorbed a significant amount of haLagannaDa (old Kannada). MalayaLam, we of course know, came to be known as a language separate from Tamizh a little later (11th or 12th CAD).

26 Feb

Ramakrishnan Tamil and Telugu are probably the most different from each other of the dravidian languages. If they were to be grouped together as a single language in Kumarila Bhatta's time, I suppose Kannada would have been largely identical to tamil or different at very minor levels?? showing 11-20 of 24

26 Feb

Karthik Kumarila Bhatta mentions in his Tantravarttika about "andhra-dravida bhasa" Could you quote that if possible?

26 Feb

Unceasing One cannot date or pre-date a language based on the availaible texts alone. it is an obsession to quote from a Sanskrit text and accept the jaundiced version of the writer. Many a time Ramakrishan has come out with a referal from a Skt. txt that Prakrit was unrefined language and Skt was refined simillar to the Sen Tamil and Kodum Tamil version of Tamil. In Kannada sometimes it is referred as Acchu Kannada ( which prpbably means as printed text language) So the definition of Prakrit is just an unrefined way of generalising the ignorance of whoever decided to make Prakrit as a synonym for languages, whose vocabulary had not yet been classified. This is simillar to the claim that those who are not Muslims, christians, Sikhs or

Parsees as Hindus by the constitution. There are hundreds of religion,belief and faith that is followed and Hinduism is a general term. It is not the lack of knowledge but an attempt to encompass unknown into the one known knowledge of the author/s. So. the ignorance of the Skt pundiits should not result in us becoming sheep. lt is not the lack of literature or information but a lack of will to follow "Sathya meva Jeyathe". Language is dynamic only when spoken or used in any politically administrative way. Sen Tamil, Sanskrit or Acchu Kannada do not in itself create new vocabulary or sentence strucrure or even grammatical rules. It is the spoken language that can create the rules and even break it as necessary. This is probably what we all know as practitioners of speech. Are the Andamanese language also Prakrit by any count? As they have not yet felt the divine grace of Skt or is English the new flavour of humam civilisation now?

5 Mar

ಮಹೇಶ ಬಿ.ಎಸ್. To the topic. As I read there were so called "gupta bhaashas" during veda period. Or some are called Pishacha bhaasha etc... All these are till today assumed rightly pointing to Kannada. Because 1) Even today Marathi people think Kannada as a magic language 2) Kannada by word means Black land and its language 3) Kannada to an aryan would be cryptic 4) See the geography where the Kannada country was situated. It was from Narmada till Kaveri during Pulikeshi II rule. Pulikeshi defeated Harshavardha on the bank of Narmada and hence in Harsha-charita he was called a Pishacha/Demon 5) Kannada writing was considered magical . Because the way of writing is by holding pen with four fingers around it and thumb not touching the pen. If you see and Mantravadi etc in Kerala, they still use this type of writing. 6) It is mentioned in Kannada literature that Kannada tribe used black magic and used to attack during night. So for Aryan, Nishachara are demons. 7)Prakrit and Marati contain quite some Kannada words. 8) Tamils were insulted from Aryan from the Kannada and Telugu people. Thats why Tamil kept the dravidian flavour more than these. Whereas many Tamil inscription used Kannada words thanks to Jain. Prakrit cannot be Tamil or not got influenced by Tamil. Prakrit offcourse and usually got influnced by Kannada and Telugu because of the proximity. Whereas Sinhala would have a lot of Tamil and Malayalam influence though

7 Mar

Appandai Raj INSULTED??? RIDICULOUS.....

8 Mar

.. @Mahesh Tamils were insulted from Aryan from the Kannada and Telugu people. Thats why Tamil kept the dravidian flavour more than these what do u actually mean by this?

9 Mar

சி.ேமகராஜன Rajan Kumarila Bhatta mentions in his Tantravarttika about "andhra-dravida bhasa" which seems to imply that in his time, one could not distinguish clearly between telugu and tamil did Kumarila bhatta knew how to read and write either Tamil or telugu ? If not , i would feel its illogical to expect him to know to differentiate between tamil and telugu.

9 Mar

Ramakrishnan Kumarila further in Tantravarttika specifically mentions five dravida words as examples and disagrees with sanskrit speakers who try to understand dravida words through similar sounding sanskrit words. Kumarila believes that the meanings of dravida words should be understood as in the original language and not through sanskrit words. For example, he mentions the dravida word chor (rice/food) is understood by sanskrit speakers as related to sanskrit word chora (thief). He says they try to relate it through the understanding that a man without food becomes a thief and this is the reason sanskrit speakers call a thief as chora based on the dravida word chor.

Another example he gives is pAp (snake) and says the sanskrit speakers relate it to the sanskrit word pApa (sin) as the snake is considered a sinful animal. Kumarila says he disagrees with this kind of reasoning. Since he mentions tamil words with meaning and compares it with similar sanskrit words and their meanings, he must have known atleast something of the dravidian languages to mention about an andhra-dravida-bhasa

9 Mar

ಮಹೇಶ ಬಿ.ಎಸ್. @Ramakrishan.. Go on.. interesting... Where did u get this?

13 Mar delete

రవి వరరో @ Ramki For example, he mentions the dravida word chor (rice/food) is understood by sanskrit speakers as related to sanskrit word chora (thief). He says they try to relate it through the understanding that a man without food becomes a thief and this is the reason sanskrit speakers call a thief as chora based on the dravida word chor. The clarification between skt meaning and Tamil means for the words pap and chor /pambu/choram is correct. However the word choar in sanskrit word is derived from the Tamil word. Chul (to Steal, to plunder)-> (Chur)->ChooRai "head"சூைற¹ cūṟai , n. < சூறு-. 1. Whirlwind; சுழல்காற்று. சூைறமாருதத்து (திருவாச. 3, 10). 2. [T. cūra, K. sūṟe, Tu. sūre.] Robbery, dacoity, pillage; ெகாள்ைள. (திவா.). 3. cf. சூைர. A blighting disease of crops; பயிரில் விழும் ேநாய் வைக. Loc. 4. A kind of dressing the hair in a knot; பனிச்ைச என்ற மயிர்முடிவைக. வட்டச்சூைறயர் (சீவக. 632). 5. Loin cloth, short drawers; சல்லடம். (சீவக. 632, விேசடக்குறிப்பு.) 6. Tunny fish, bluish, attaining 2 ft. in length, Thynnus thunnina; இரண்டடி நீளமும் கருநீலநிறமு முள்ள கடல்மீன்வைக. 7. See சூைறக்குருவி. (பதார்த்த. 894.) சூைறெகாள்(ளு)-தல் cūṟai-koḷ- : M. 181.) சூைறெகாள்(ளு)-தல் cūṟai-koḷ, v. tr. < id. +. [T. cūrakoṉu, K. sūṟekoḷ.] To rob, plunder; சூைறயாடுதல். ேசாதியான் சூழ்பனிநீர் சூைறெகாளு மாேறேபால் (பட்டினத். திருப்பா. ெநஞ் ெசாடு. 32). சூைறயாடு-தல் cūṟai-y-āṭu- :

(தஞ்ைசவா. 377). சூைறயாடு-தல் cūṟai-y-āṭu, v. < id. +. [T. cūrāḍu, K. sūṟeyāḍu.] tr. To plunder, pillage; ெகாள்ைள யடித்தல். அறிவிைனச் சூைறயாட. (கம்பரா. நகர்நீ. 200).--intr. To be dizzy from disease, from hunger; தைலசுற்றுதல். (W.) சூைறவிடு-தல் cūṟai-viṭu- : (W.) சூைறவிடு-தல் cūṟai-viṭu, v. tr. < id. +. [T. cūraviḍucu, K. sūṟeviḍu.] 1. To permit plunder; ெகாள்ைளயிடச்ெசய்தல். 2. To give over one's things to be appropriated promiscuously; ெசாத்ைதப் பிறர்க்கு வாரிவிடுதல். ெசயசூைற ceya-cūṟai : ceya-kōṣam , n. < id. +. Shouts of victory; ெவற்றியார்ப்பு.

13 Mar delete

రవి వరరో ெசயசூைற ceya-cūṟai : ceya-kōṣam , n. < id. +. Shouts of victory; ெவற்றியார்ப்பு. ெசயசூைற ceya-cūṟai , n. < id. +. 1. Plunder following victory in a battle; ெவன்ற பின் அடிக்குங் ெகாள்ைள. (சங். அக.) 2. Spoils of victory; ெவன்று ெகாள்ைளெகாண்ட ெபாருள். Loc. Chul-> (chur)(Tam)->Churi (skt) चिु रः curiḥ री rī चिु रः री f. 1 A small well. -2 Theft; ततो दै वयोगेन राजभवने चौराश्श्चुरीं कृत्वा ... Vet. Chul-> (Chur)-ChuRRu/Chuttu சுற்று¹-தல் cuṟṟu -, 5 v. [T. tcuṭṭu, K. Tu. suttu, M. cuṟṟu.] intr. 1. To revolve, circulate, turn around, spin, whirl; சுழன்றுெசல்லுதல். சக்கரம் சுற்றுகிறது. 2. To take a circuitous or indirect course, meander, wind about; சுற்றிப் ேபாதல். அவன் ேநர்வழியிற் ேபாகாமற் சுற்றிப் ேபாகின்றான். 3. To move here and there, roam, wander about; அைலதல். அவன் சும்மா சுற்றுகிறான். 4. To be coiled; to lie encircling; வைளந்தைமதல். காலிற் சுற்றிய நாகெமன்ன (கம்பரா. நீர்விைள. 11). 5. To be giddy, dizzy; கிறுகிறுத்தல். பித்தத்தினால் தைல சுற்றுகின்றது. 6. To be perplexed with difficulties; மனங்கலங்குதல். Loc.--tr. 1. To go round, to circle; சுற்றிவரு தல். ேபாகா ெதறும்பு புறஞ்சுற்றும் (நாலடி, 337). 2. To entwine, embrace; தழுவுதல். ெகாடிகள் ஒன்ைறெயான்று சுற்றிக் கிடக்கின்றன. 3. To follow unceasingly; விடாதுபற்றுதல். அவன் அவைனச் சுற்றிக்ெகாண்ேட இருக்கிறான். 4. To encompass, surround; சூழ்ந்திருத்தல். ேதாைக மாதர் கள் ைமந்தரிற் ேறான்றினர் சுற்ற (கம்பரா. பிணிவீ. 45). 5. To wear around; வைளயச்சூடுதல். குடர் ெநடுமாைல சுற்றி (திருவாச. 6, 30). 6. To tie around the waist, invest, gird; உடுத்துதல். (திவா.) கூைற யைரச்சுற்றி வாழினும் (நாலடி, 281). 7. To coil up, as rope; வைளயக்கட்டுதல். சுற்றுஞ் சைடக் கற்ைறச் சிற்றம்பலவர் (திருக்ேகா. 134). 8. To roll up, as mat; சுருட்டுதல். பாையச் சுற்றுக. 9. To wave, whirl, brandish; சுழற்றுதல். சிலம்பஞ் சுற்றுகிறான். 10. To string, fasten with fine wire, as coral beads, pearls; கம்பிகட்டுதல். பவழமாைலையச் சுற்றிக்ெகாண்டுவா. 11. To grasp, appropriate, steal; அபகரித்தல்.

அவனுைடய ெபாருைள ெயல்லாம் சுற்றிக்ெகாண்டான். 12. To circumvent, accomplish by trickery; வஞ்சித்தல். (W.) showing 21-24 of 24

13 Mar delete

రవి వరరో in colloquial Tamil, the word is still used in the sentence of Chuttu vittu Varudhal Chul-> chol (tam) ேசால்(லு)-தல் cōl- : (page 1675) id. +. Bleeding of the nose, Rhinorrhoea; இரத்தபீனசம். (ைதலவ. ைதல. 53.) ேசால்(லு)-தல் cōl, 3 v. tr. 1. cf. சூல்-. To plunder, seize; அபகரித்தல். நல்கிற்ைற ெயல் லாஞ்ேசால்வான் புகுந்து (திவ். இயற். திருவிருத். 35). 2. To redeem, as a mortgage; மீட்டுக்ெகாள்ளு தல். ேசாரவித்ைதகள் ெசாலுந் துரிசனும் (சிவதரு. 3, 88). ேசாரன்¹ cōraṉ , n. < cōra. 1. Thief; கள் வன். ேசாரர் வஞ்சைன (திருவாலவா. நூற்ப. 4). 2. Adulterer; வியபிசரிப்பவன். ேசாரேன னிங்ெகாருத்தி வாய்துடித்தவாறும் Chul->(chor)->Choram (Tamil)->Chora (Skt) Choram (Tamil)->Choran(Tamil)->chora (Skt) ேசாரன் cōraṉ : ேசாரவித்ைதகள் ெசாலுந் துரிசனும் (சிவதரு. 3, 88). ேசாரன்¹ cōraṉ , n. < cōra. 1. Thief; கள் வன். ேசாரர் வஞ்சைன (திருவாலவா. நூற்ப. 4). 2. Adulterer; வியபிசரிப்பவன். ேசாரேன னிங்ெகாருத்தி வாய்துடித்தவாறும் चो cō (चौ cau) रः rḥ चो (चौ) रः 1 A thief, robber; सकलं चोर गतं त्वया गह ृ ीतम ् V.4.16. इन्दीवरदलपर्भाचोरं चक्षःु Bh.3.67. -2 Any dishonest dealer. -2 One that steals or captivates the heart. चो cō (चौ cau) िरका rikā चो (चौ) िरका Theft, robbery; ˚िववाह Māl.1, secret marriage. ேசாரகன் cōrakaṉ : (வச்சணந். ெசய். 48.) 2. Plagiarised poem; திருட்டுப்பாடல். (W.) ேசாரகன் cōrakaṉ , n. < cōraka. Thief; திருடன். (சங். அக.) it is incorrect to state that the word Chora in Skt is pure Skt word. however in reality, It is derived from the Tamil word.

13 Mar

Sumanth ಸುಮಂತ್ Ramki says: For example, he mentions the dravida word chor (rice/food) is understood by sanskrit speakers as related to sanskrit word chora (thief). He says they try to relate it through the understanding that a man without food becomes a thief and this is the reason sanskrit speakers call a thief as chora based on the dravida word chor. Another example he gives is pAp (snake) and says the sanskrit speakers relate it to the sanskrit word pApa (sin) as the snake is considered a sinful animal. Kumarila says he disagrees with this kind of reasoning. Yes, very interesting - quite a revelation.

16 Mar delete

రవి వరరో From the word Malam meaning of Dirty, the meaning of Sin was derived both in Tamil and Skt.malam 1. excrement, faeces; 2. excretions of the body, as semen, menstrual blood, urine, ordure, ear-wax, phlegm, sweat; 3. dirt, filth; 4. dregs, sediment; 5. rust; 6. the three impurities of the soul; 7. sin; 8. camphor mala n. (in later language also m. ; prob. fr. %{mlai}) dirt , filth , dust , impurity (physical and moral) AV. &c. &c. ; (in med.) any bodily excretion or secretion (esp. those of the Dha1tus q.v. , described as phlegm from chyle , bile from the blood , nose mucus and ear wax from the flesh , perspiration from the fat , nails and hair from the bones , rheum of the eye from the brain ; cf. also the 12 impurities of the body enumerated in Mn. v , 135) Sus3r. Va1gbh. &c. ; (with S3aivas) , original sin , natural impurity Sarvad. ; camphor L. ; Os Sepiae L. ; m. the son of a S3u1dra and a Ma1luki1 L. ; (%{A}) f. Flacourtia Cataphracta L. ; n. tanned leather , a leathern or dirty garment (?) RV. x , 136 , 2 ; a kind of brass or bell-metal L. ; the tip of a scorpion's tail L. (v.l. %{ala}) ; mfn. dirty , niggardly L. ; unbelieving , godless L. [Cf. Gk. $ ; &240436[792 ,1] Lat. {ma8lus} ; Lith. {mo4lis} , {me4lynas}.] மலம் malam , n 1. Excrement, faeces; பவ்வீ. சலமலம் விடுக்கும்ேபாது (காஞ் சிப்பு. ஒழுக்க. 7). 2. Excretions of the body, as semen, menstrual blood, urine, ordure, ear-wax, phlegm, sweat; சுக்கிலம் சூதகம் மூத்திர முதலிய உடல் மாசு. (சூடா.) 3. Dirt, filth; அழுக்கு. (பிங்.) 4. Dregs, sediment; வண்டல். (W.) 5. Rust; துரு. (யாழ். அக.) 6. (Šaiva.) The three impurities of the soul. See மும்மலம். 7. Sin; பாவம். (யாழ். அக.) 8. See மலநானம். நானேமா ெரண் வைகயா மலசலம் (தத்துவப். 45). 9. Camphor; கர்ப்பூரம். (யாழ். அக.)\ Like wise, the Tamil word Pavam and Skt word Papa are derived from the tamil word Pavvi which means dirty. பவ்வீ pa-v-v-ī , n. Faeces, a euphemistic periphrasis; மலம். (நன். 178.) Pavvi (Tamil)(dirty) ->(Pavvam)->Pavam (Tamil) (Sin)->Paavam (Tamil) (sin)->Papa (Skt)->papma(Skt)

16 Mar delete

రవి వరరో "பவம்² pavam , n. 1. Sin; பாவம். (பிங்.) பவமல்லா லாய தரும மறியார் (கந்தபு. அயிராணிேசா. 13). 2. Rancour; மனைவரம். (திவா.). 3. Destruction; நாசம். (W.) pApa (S3Br. xiv , also %{pA4pa}) mf(%{I} older than %{A} ; cf. Pa1n2. 4-1 , 30)n. bad , vicious , wicked , evil , wretched , vile , low RV. &c. &c. ; (in astrol.) boding evil , inauspicious Var. ; m. a wicked man , wretch , villain RV. &c , &c. ; N. of the profligate in a drama Cat. ; of a hell VP. ; (%{A}) f. a beast of prey or a witch , Hcat ; n. (ifc. f. %{A}) evil , misfortune , ill-luck , trouble , mischief. harm AV. &c. &c. often %{zAntam@pApam} , `" heaven forefend that evil "' R. Mr2icch. Ka1lid. &c.) ; sin , vice , crime , guilt Br. Mn. MBh. &c. ; (%{a4m}) ind. badly , miserably , wrongly AV. ; (%{a4yA}) ind. id. RV. AV. ; %{-papa4yA7muyA4} , so badly , so vilely ib. Hence from the Tamil word Pavam only, the Skt word Papa is derived. Hence Like chora (thief), the Skt word Papa(sin) is also derived from Tamil.