Aug ('06)-14 - Spoken English

í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 31 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Laxman: Hi Suman, do you know Bhavan is in

áèπ◊\´ ®ÓV©’çô’çC.)

town?

Laxman: OK. A happy time in Delhi to you and your mom.

(¶µº´Ø˛ Ü-∞x-éÌ-î√aúø’ (ÖØ√oúø’) ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Suman: Oh, is he? when did he come?

(†’´¤y, O’ Å´÷t Åéπ\úø Ææ®Ωü∆í¬ í∫úø-§ƒ©E Ø√ éÓ®Ω’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o.)

(Å´¤Ø√? á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√aúø’?) Laxman: Yesterday. He won the first round of the badminton match.

(E†o -¶«u-úÕtç-ô-Ø˛ -´÷u-î˝™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ -®ıç-ú˛ ÈíL-î√úø’.) Suman: That's no surprise to me. I knew he would win. He is certainly a better player than his rival in this round.

(ÅüËç Ø√èπ◊ °ü¿l Ǩ¡a®Ωuç é¬ü¿’. ¢√úø’ Èí©’≤ƒh-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ñ ®ıç-ú˛™ -ûª-† v°æûªuJn-éπç-õ‰ Åûª-úø’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† Çô-í¬úø’) (rival=È®j´™¸= v°æûªuJn, §ÚöÃ-ü∆-®Ω’) Laxman: I was sure of that too. Mind you,

Suman: Thank you.

éÀç-ü¿-öÀ Lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç. È®ç-úÕçöÀ-éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†÷, ´uèπ◊h-©†÷ §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ ´‚úø’ degrees (positive,

comparative

and

superlative)

Öçö«®·. Ç degrees ™E sentences ™, Word order ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈, È®ç-úÕçöÀE ´÷vûª¢Ë’ §ÚLa†°æ¤púø’ superlative Öçúøü¿’ ÅE èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆. Now look at the following sentences from the

Amar is not so (as) short as Anand.

Let's now try to change the comparative degree

(

statements in the conversion between Laxman

Å-´’®˝, -Ç-†ç-ü˛ Åçûª §ÒöÀdé¬ü¿’.) comparative ™, positive ™ Amar, Anand position ´÷®Ωôç, comparative ™ ™‰E not – positive ™ ®√´ôç îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. positive ™ ´÷´‚-©’í¬

tage in badminton

(؈÷ Å™«ØË -Å-†’èπ◊-Ø√o. ÉçéÓöÀ í∫’®Ω’hçéÓ. ¶µº-´-Ø˛, ûª†- v°æûªuJn -v¨¡´ù˝ éπç-õ‰ §Ò-úø´¤. -¶«u-úÕtç-ô-Ø˛™ ÅC (§Ò-úø-´¤) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫°æúË N≠æߪ’ç.) Advantage = Åú≈y-Ed-ñ ¸–'ú≈y— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= Ææ£æ…ߪ’-é¬J. ´’†èπ◊ ¢Ë’©’ éπ-L-Tç-îËC. Mind you = í∫’®Ω’h ûÁaéÓ/ ûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓ, (ñ«ví∫ûªh ÅE èπÿú≈)

1) He is certainly a better player than his rival.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(Åûª-úÕ v°æûªuJn éπç-õ‰ Åûª-úø’ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’) Ééπ\úø §ÚLéπ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u ´÷vûª¢Ë’– Bhavan, Sravan ´’üµ¿u)

the next match. fare =

(ûª®√y--ûª -´÷u-î˝™ ᙫ

(

E†o †’´¤y

exam

ᙫ ®√¨»´¤?)

How did he fare in the debate contest last

(comparison only between two) (taller- comparative degree) 3) Bhavan's movements are quicker than Sravan's.

Åûª†’

debate

4) That (AP Express) is faster than the special train. (special train

¢Á’içC– (´éπh %ûªy) §ÚöÙ ᙫ î˨»úø’?)

Suman: He has good chances of winning that

AP Express

¢Ëí∫-´ç-ûª-

5) This is certainly better than that =

ÉC ü∆E-

(comparison only between two)

(-Ø√éπç-õ‰, ´÷ Å´’t áèπ◊\´ ®ÓV-©’ç-ô’çC–

com-

parison only between two. Longer - comparative)

(O’ Å´’t†’ -úµÕ-Mx á°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤?)

È®ç-úÕçöÀ éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ §ÚLa-†°æ¤púø’, superlative, comparative, posiSuman: This Wednesday. tive ™ word order (´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ) (Ñ •’üµ¿-¢√®Ωç) ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ ´’†ç ûÁ©’Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. Laxman: Have you booked the tickÅ™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ °j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ ets? §ÚLéπ È®ç--úÕç-öÀ ´’üµ¿uØË. M. SURESAN (-öÀÈé-ô’x -•’é˙ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o¢√?) 1) §ÚLéπ È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿uØË Å®·-†Suman: Yes, by the AP Express. °æ¤púø’, superlative degree Öçúøü¿’. (Å´¤†’. à°‘ -áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ ™) 2) È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ØË §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ comparative Laxman: That's good. That's faster than the degree, positive degree word order èπÿ È®çspecial train you thought of going by. úÕçöÀ-éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ (´’ç* °æEî˨»´¤. †’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊†o comparative, superlative word order èπÿ ÂÆp-≠æ-™ ¸ -võ„®·-Ø˛ éπç-õ‰ ÉC ¢Ëí∫-çí¬ î√™«ûËú≈ -Öçô’çC. -¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’ç-C.) džçü˛, Å´’®˝ ÅØË Éü¿l-JE §Ú™«a-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ. Suman: It is. This is more comfortable than that 1) Å°æ¤púø’ superlative Öçúøü¿’. too. 2) Comparative ™ sentence èπ◊ ´·ç-ü¿’ džçü˛, (ÉC ü∆E éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Ææ’êçí¬ Öçô’çC) sentence èπ◊ *´®Ω Å´’®˝ ´ÊÆh, positive degree Laxman:This is certainly better than that in ™ Ñ ´®ΩÆæ ´÷J Å´’®˝ sentenceèπ◊ ´·ç-ü¿’, every respect. When are you returndžçü˛ sentence èπ◊ *´-®Ω- -´≤ƒh®·. ing? 3) Comparative ™ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, positive ™ not (à Nüµ¿çí¬ îª÷ÆœØ√, Ç ÂÆp-≠æ-™¸ -võ„®·-Ø˛ ´Ææ’hçC. comparative ™ not Öçõ‰ positive ™ éπçõ‰- à°‘ -áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ ´’ç*C. á°æ¤púø’ AJnot ®√ü¿’. íÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?) Comparative: stay there will be longer.

(Íé~´’- éπç-õ‰ Ê£«´’ Ééπ\úø

Sankar:

(Taller - comparative degree) -

§ÚLéπ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿uØË, É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ superlative Öçúøü¿’. DEéÀ positive degree: Kshema is not so (as) tall as Hema.

Ê£«-´’ -Åç-ûª §Ò-úø-´¤ é¬ü¿’) comparison (È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿u ´÷vûª¢Ë’

only between two

§ÚLéπ): Comparative: Sunder is cleverer than Sukumar (

Sukumar is not so (as) clever as Sundar

Ææ’èπ◊-´÷®˝, Ææ’çü¿-®Ωçûª ûÁL-¢Áj†¢√úø’ é¬úø’.) Ééπ\úø È®çúø’ ´·êu -N-≠æ-ߪ÷©’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: 1) Comparative ™, Sundar ´·çü¿’, Sukumar *´®√ ÖØ√o®·. ÅüË positive™, ¢√öÀ ≤ƒnØ√©’ û√®Ω’-´÷-È®j, Sukumar ´·çü¿÷, Sundar *´-®Ω ´-Ææ’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆. 2) Comparative ™ not ™‰ü¿’, positive ™ not ÖçC éπü∆. ÉçéÓ example îª÷ü∆lç: (

Comparative: Vijayawada is hotter than Hyderabad .

(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛ -éπç-õ‰, Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø ¢ËúÁ-èπ◊\´) (Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø ´·çü¿÷, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ *´®Ω.

Not

™‰ü¿’)

Positive: Hyderabad is not so (as) hot as Vijayawada.

(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøçûª ¢ËúÕ-é¬ü¿’) (£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ´·ç-ü¿’, Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø *´®Ω;

Not

Å®·Ø√ éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J Ø√ marks éπç-õ‰ F marks- áèπ◊\-´ . (éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J–last time )

ª Omkar: Å®·Ø√, -Ñ≤ƒJ Ø√ marks , í∫-ûª≤ƒ-J -Åç-ûª ¶«í¬ Öç-ö«-ߪ’-†o †´’téπç Ø√èπ◊™‰ü¿’. (†´’téπç Ø√èπ◊™‰ü¿’ =I am not sure). Sankar: -Ñ college ¢Á·ûªhç ™„éπa®Ω®˝q-™  -O’ ™„éπa®Ω®˝íÌ°æp.Omkar:- O’ ™„éπa®Ω®˝ èπÿú≈ íÌÊ°p, é¬F †’´y-†oô’d ´÷ ™„éπa®Ω®˝ Åçûª íÌ°æp-é¬úø’. Sankar: ؈ ’ Tuition -BÆæ ’éÓ-¢√-©-† ’èπ◊ç-ô ’-Ø√o-† ’. á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞¡x-´’ç-ö«´¤? Omkar: O’ lecturer ü¿í∫_®ΩÍé ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. Answer: Sankar: Isn't this the toughest of all our question papers? Omkar: No. This is not as (so) tough as the paper last time. Sankar: But your marks were higher than mine last time. Omkar: But I am not sure that my marks this time will be as good as my marks last time. Sankar: Your lecturer is the best/greatest (of all) in the college. Omkar: Your lecturer is good too, but not so (as) good as our lecturer. Sankar: I want to take tution. who do you want me/to go to/suggest that I go to? Omkar: Go to your lecturer.

ÖçC) POSITIVE

COMPARATIVE 1) He is certainly a better player than his

His rival is not so (as) good a player as he (is)

rival. 2) Bhavan is taller than Sravan.

Sravan is not so (as) tall as Bhavan

3) Bhavan's movements are quicker than

Sravan's movements are not so (as) quick as

Sravan's. 4) AP Express is faster than the special train.

Bhavan's The special train is not so (as) fast as the AP Express.

Anand is shorter than Amar. (

5) This certainly is better than that.

That certainly is not so (as) good as this.

Positive:

6) Mother's stay will be longer than mine.

Mine (Ø√C) will not be so (as) long as mother's stay.

Å-´’®˝ éπç-õ‰ -Ç-†ç-ü˛ §ÒöÀd)

(؈’ ¢√®√-E-éπ-™«x AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh†’. Å´’t Åéπ\úø

´≤ƒh®·. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ

Positive:

6) Mother's stay will be longer than mine.

to Delhi?

Suman: I will return in a week. My mother's

as

Ææ’èπ◊-´÷®˝ éπç-õ‰ Ææ’çü¿®˝ ûÁL-¢Áj†¢√úø’)

comparative)

éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’ Laxman: OK. When are you taking your mom

éπç-õ‰

comparison only between two) (faster-

too.

(ÅC èπÿú≈ ÈíLîË Å´-é¬-¨»©’ ¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o®·.)

ûª®√yûª

the last exam paper.)

(Kshema,

(v¨¡´ù˝ éπü¿-L-éπ-© éπç-õ‰ ¶µº´Ø˛ éπü¿-L-éπ©’ ¢Ëí∫çí¬ Öçö«®·) (quicker - comparative)

week? (

´’† question papers ÅEoöx ÉC Å-A éπ-≠dçæ í¬ ÖçC éπü∆? (éπ≠dçæ = tough) - superlative ¢√úøçúÕ) Omkar: é¬ü¿’ ÉC §Ú®·-†-≤ƒJ paper Åçûª éπ≠dç æ é¬ü¿’. (§Ú®·-†-≤ƒJ paper=the paper last time/

£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøçûª ¢ËúÕ-é¬ü¿’

îË≤ƒhúÓ îª÷ü∆lç.) îËߪ’-ôç/-Ç-úøôç ™«çöÀN.

How did you fare in the exam yesterday?

so (as),

Hema is taller than Kshema.

§Ò-úø-´¤)

quicker than Sravan's.

Laxman: Let's see how he is going to fare in

´·çü¿’ Éçé¬:

v¨¡´ù˝ éπç-õ‰ ¶µº´Ø˛ §Ò-úø-´¤.

Suman: Moreover, Bhavan's movements are

(ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈, Sravan éπü¿-L-éπ-© -éπç-õ‰ Bhavan éπü¿-L-éπ©’ î√™« ¢Ëí∫çí¬ Öçö«®·.)

206

(better- comparative degree of good-

2) Bhavan is taller than Sravan =

Exercise: Sankar:

the beginning of the lesson:

(Better- comparative degree)

positive degree statements: Practise the following aloud in English:

conversation between Laxman and Suman at

Bhavan is taller than Sravan, that rival of his. That certainly is an advan-

and Suman, at the beginning of this lesson into