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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 18

a&;awGygvmr,f?yk*K¾v d f a&;awG xdyg;vmr,f qkdawmh pma&;olwkdY xde;f odr;f oifw h mawGudk xdef; odrf;wJhtaeeJY vufavsmh vku d w f ,f/ (nDra,mufz?r,m; ukdukd) taMumif;av; ukd 'Dv 'DrQeJY auseyf

aomif;ajymif;axGvm pmtkyfpif rrSm;wJzh w d pf m Muyfuav; yefatmifpmay Zlvidk ?f 2003('k-Budr)f rsuEf mS zk;H 'DZidk ;f armifarmifaZmf(jynf) wefz;dk -700 usyf pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSw-f 555^2003(5) 314 pmrsufESm? 4.1 _ 6.8 vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 20 ausmfu py,fOD; pmayrS yxrtBudrf xkwfa0cJhzl;onf/q&m Muyfuav;\ [mo arwåmbGJU vkH;csif;0w¦K jzpfonf/ [mo0w¦K &Snfrsm; &Sm;yg;aecsdef wGif [mopma&;q&m BuD;Muyfuav;\vuf &mukd 'kw, d tBudrf yef

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 20

254 rsufESm 4.6_7 Anm;aZmf?rif;okw yef;EkaoG;wkdY\ cspfjcif; arwåm tm;NyKdirf rI sm; ukd a&;zGUJ xm;onf/ bmr[kwfwJh oHa,mZOfrmS pwifjrpfzsm;cHw,f.. tprSm acsmif;uav; wjznf;jznf; toGiaf jymif; ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm pD;qif;&if;eJY jrpfwpfpif; jzpfcw hJ ,f tzGifhwGif azmfjy xm;aom uAsm jzpf onf/ & jrL0ef;vkYdcdk EGr*f smokid ;f tifyg,mpmay ZGe?f 2003('k-Budr)f wefz;dk - 300usyf pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSw-f 384^2003(3)

302 rsufESm 4_6.8 q&mEGrf*smokdif;\ wpfcsdefu ausmfMum;cJh aom 0w¦Kukd 'kwd, tBudrfjyefvnfxkwfa0 onf/ Zmwfq&m OD; ausmufcJa&; udEé&D acsmif;jcm;uav;ywf rsK;d rS... jrL0ef;vkYd tvkdonf0,f a&muf vG,fEkdifbJ ywf0ef; b,fnm oDwmacsmif; a&uGo J nf;a
pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSw-f 263^2003(4) 163 rsufESm 5.2_8.2 jrefrmh vlY tzGJU tpnf;wGif ,Ofaus; rIzGHUNzKd;vmonfh tjzpf rsm;uk d pmzwf o l r sm; vG , f v G , f oabm aygufí qifjcifESvkH; oGi;f Ekid af p&ef[k ausmzk;H wGif azmfjyxm;onf/ pma&;ol trSmyg&Sdí aqmif;yg; 42 yk'fukd pkpnf; xkwfa0xm; onf/ & olemjyKvufpJG a'gufwmpy,fyiG jhf zL pdwu f ;l csKdcsKd Zlvikd ?f 2003? rsufESmzkH;- M.S.O wefzkd;- 350 usyf pmrlciG jhf yKcsu-f 934^2002(10) 142 rsufESm

4.1_6.5 vlemeJY olemjyK? vlem&Sifrsm;eJY olemjyK? q&m0efeJY olemjyKawG Mum;rSm t"du tus qkH; tcef;u@uae yg0ifae&wm olemjyK wpfOD;ygyJ/ 'D pmtkyf i,fav;[m xkdolem jyKwpfOD;twGuf rsm;pGm taxmuftul jyKEkdif ygw,f[k olemjyK wuúov dk f ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmar0if;atmif cif\ trSmyg pmykd'fukd ausmzkH;wGif azmfjyxm; onf/ & uk, d af wGUokccsrf;om £pämo,*rÇ&D q&mOD;cefYausmf OD;cefYausmpf may ar? 2003('k-Budr)f ? tzk;H yef;cs-D pE´mol&, d wefz;dk -700 usyf pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSw-f

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om;&if;csm aqG;rsKd;Ó wumwkYd Mum; rac:Ekid ?f rajymEkdif NiKd;ol&efzuf BuD;awG jzpfoGm;wwf Muonf[k pma&;ol\ trSmpmwGif azmfjyxm; onf/ 32 yk'fukd pkpnf; xkwfa0xm;onf/ & tar&duef bDvsHem nDaomfvS &nfreG Of ;D pmay rsufEmS zk;H 'DZidk ;f -KoTok wefzkd;- 450 usyf pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSw-f 791^2003(6) 4_6.5 Ekid if w H umwGif Ekid if H wumtvku d ?f vly*k K¾ v d f tvkduf BuD;yGm;csrf;om vmMuykrH sm;ukd rSww f rf; rSwf&mrsm; jyKpkxm;Mu ygonf/ twk,lp&m? tm;usp&m? avhvmp&m rsm; &Sad eaomaMumifjh zpf ygonf[k pma&;ol

tem;wGif azmfjyxm; onf/ urÇmausmf bDvsHem olaX;BuD; (40) wdkYtm; tusO;f csKyrf sm;ukd pkpnf; xkwfa0xm;onf/ & enf;enf;ajymr,f armifcsp(f ref;wuúov dk )f yefatmifpmay rsuEf mS zk;H yef;cs-D aZmfarmif wefz;dk - 600 usyf pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSw-f 850^2003(6) 4.3_7 þaqmif;yg;rsm;ukd a&;om;&mwGif Ekid if jH cm; ukd txifBuD; tm;usNyD; ukd,fhEkdifiHukd txif t jrifao; ESdrfhcsum a&; om;xm;aomaqmif;yg; rsm; vkH;0 ryg&Sdyg/ okdY &mwGif EkdifiHjcm;wGif tawGUtMuHK jrifawGUcJh &aom olwkdY\ pnf;

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2003

&,f p &mumwG e f ; pdea f tmif

aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 22

2003

&,f p &mumwG e f ; uHx;l armif

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2003

&,f p &mumwG e f ; ausmfo& l e d f

aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 24

2003

&,f p &mumwG e f ; azmif;azmif;(ausmufqnf)

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2003

&,f p &mumwG e f ; xifatmif

aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 26

2003

&,f p &mumwG e f ; atmfwa D emif(ausmufqnf)

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 28

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 30

onf[k Mum;zl;onfr[kwfygvm; wlri,f/ uHtcsufydkufvQif . . . a&onfuyif a&Tv, G &f tdraf &SUrif; jzpf cJh onfu wpfcsuf? avSxdk;om; paviacG;yif? rif;jzpfum pdkufaumfí csHKay: yufvufwifcJhonf u wpfaMumif;/ ajrawmifydkYay: aiGpwifí r*'l;onf vnf; [if;Eke,fukefonf [kwfaygif rif;jzpfcJh vnfwpfaMumif;/ pmwdk iñdkyif zdk;&mZm[lí &mZmae0if;tzdk; tJav . . . ynm&SdBuD; jzpfcJh&onf [k wpfzHk &SdcJhayonfrSm txift&Sm;/ od k Y aomf uH r amif ; jyef y gaomf v nf ; bk&m;avmif; ra[mfo"myif tdk;zkwform;jzpf&? ukorif;onfvnf; *spfypdqefqefae&? tdrfom wufNyD;rS a&r&Srd eS ;f od&wwfygonf/ taMumif ; nD ñ G w f u abmif ; bD 0 wf vsuf? 0gr0ifcif jyefvmapcsifygonf/ oifr& ívnf; BudwfrqlygESifh/ vifr&ívnf; pdwfr ylygESihf/ oifr&í Budwfqlaevnf; tBudrfrSef vQif omygvdrfhrnf/ vifr&í pdwfylaevnf; tcsdefwefvQif vmygvdrfhrnf/ wpfa,mufawmh jzifh &ygvdrfhrnf/ tajcmufawmhjzifh rç ygvdrfh rnf/ uHaumif;onfhtcdkuf *Pef;wlaomfvnf; ae&mvGJwwfygonf/ terf;ulaomfvnf; a& &SmcJwwfygonf/ tqef;rlaomfvf; azG&SmvGJ wwfygonf/ a>rrSefwdkif;vnf; udkufrnfrxifygESihf? aiG&Hwdkif;vnf; rdkufNyDrxifygESihf? avqefwdkif; vnf; wdkufonfrxifygESihf/ a>rrSefwdkif; vdkuf rnfxifu aomuBuD;&onf/ aiG&Hwdkif; rdkufNyD xifu a'goBuD;&onf/ avqefwdkif; wdkuf onfxifu arm[BuD;&wwfygonf/ wHcg;em; vnf;r&dESihf? ukvm;um;vnf; rMunfhESihf/ wHcg; em; oGm;&dawmh rif;vkyfESihf qGJ½dkufcH&wwfonf/

ukvm;um;oGm;Munfhawmh ysif;ukyfojzifh cJçrdkuf jyef&wwfonf/ [dk; . . rda0;? za0; wvkyfwaus;? aiG aMu;&SmazG? b0tajcjrifhzdkY &ifha&mfcufxef? pdwf rmefESihfZGJ? wuwnf; xGufoGm;vdkufonfrSm MumyJMumvS? aEGrrS ;kd wdu k ?f rd;k ,dik af qmif;ul;? wefc;l aEGa&muf? tarQmfawGyif ajcmufvyS gNyD wlri,f/ rvdr®m wpfcgrdkufpNrJrdkU? vkduf qGJvQif vnf; cH&ygayrnf/ reufudkvf; aps;yGJrS roGm;ESihf? puwf udkvnf; ab;cGJrSrMum;ESifh/ reufudk aps;yGJrSoGm; u vnfcsnf;Avmjyef&wwfonf/ puwfudk ab;cGJrS
2003? rwf v xkwf &,farmp&mxJrSm a'guf wmcifarmifñdk &JU bmomjyef [mo wpfcktay: uRefawmf tjrif wifjywJh aqmif; yg;wpfy'k f a&;cJyh gw,f/ ]&,f&wdik ;f [mor[kwf yg} qdkwJh cRif;csuftae eJY wifjy xm;wJhaqmif; yg;wpfyk'fyg? trSeft wdik ;f 0efc&H &if uReaf wmf

armifopfv+dif; (ausmufqnf) w,f} qdkwm BuD;udka&; csif;pdwf Edk;xvmvdkY a&;vdu k &f ygw,f/ yxrqH;k [moqdk wm bmvJqdkwmu p &ygr,f / [mo&J U teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk csuf (DEFINITION)u b,fvdk zGifhqdkxm;o vJ? [mouRrf;usifol

oabmwl v uf c H x m; Muw,fqdkwJY tcsuf udak &m udak t; (rEÅav;) jiif;rSm r[kwfygbl;? 'gqdk&if [mo&ojzpf zdkY bmhaMumifh cufovJ qdkwmudk taMumif;w &m;&SmMunf&if vlwpf a,muf u d k j zpf a p? vl trsm;pkudkjzpfap &,f

[mo\wefjyefoufa&mufrI aqmif;yg;a&;cJhygw,f? tif r wef a&;csif w h J tmoD o jzpf v mrS m om a&;jzpf y gw,f / tckvnf; 2003? Zlvdkif v &,fp&mxJrsm udk at;(rEÅav;)qdkolu uRefawmfaqmif;yg;udk (REFER)vkyfNyD; wkefY jyefa&;om;xm;wJh ]r &,f & ayr,f h [mo jzpfw,f} qdw k ahJ cgif;pOf eJY wkefYjyefa0zefxm; wm zwfvdkuf&ygw,f? udak t;(rEÅav;)&JUaqmif; yg;acgif p Of j zpf w J h ]r &,f&ayr,fh [mojzpf

rsm;? ynm&Sifrsm; zGifh qdkxm;wJh (DEFINITION )u [moynm qdkwm vlwpfa,muf udkjzpfap? vltrsm;udk jzpf a p? [m',ES v H k ; &TifNyHK;apatmif? aysmf &T i f & ,f a rmapatmif zef w D ; aom twwf ynmvdkY wnDwñGwf wnf;vufcHzGifhqdkxm; wJh tcsufudkawmh udk at;(rEÅav;) taeeJY jiif;r,f rxifygbl;? &o (9) yg;xJrSm t cuftcJqHk; ynm[m [moynmvdkY trsm;pk

armaysmf&Tif vmatmif tjy (SHOW) eJYjzpfap? tajym (DIALAUGE)eJY jzpf a p? pd w f cH p m;rI (FEEL)eJY jzpfap qGJ aqmifEdkifrSom cdkifvHk wJ h [mo jzpf r S m yg? [mo&JUzGiq hf ckd su(f DEFI NITINO)udu k &,farm &r,f? NyHK;&r,f? pdwf ESvHk;csrf;ajrU&r,fqdkyg rS udkat; (rEÅav;) &JU ]r&,f&ayr,fh [mo jzpfw,f} qdkwJY tcsuf [m ud k , f h [ mud k , f owfrSwfxm;w,fqdk &if [mo&JU zGifhqdkcsuf

t"d y Ü m ,f e J Y vm;vm; BuD;qefYusifaeNyDr[kwf vm;? [moudk zefwD; aeMuwJh [mopma&; q&mawG? [mo½kyf&Sif awG ZmwftNidrfhobif ay:u [mojyufvHk; awG o m cH p m;ol t zd k U &,fzdkYaeaeomom NyHK; awmifrNyHK;&bl;qdk&if zefwD;olawGrSm tawmf ae& txdkif& cufMu w,f? ajymajym? jyjy? a&;a&;? cHpm;rIzufu wef j yef o uf a &muf r I [m tenf;qHk;NyHK;r,f? aemuf &,farmr,f qdk &if [mozefw;D olut aeeJY auseyfyDwdjzpfMu pNrJyg/ csmvDcsufyvif&UJ toHwdwf[mojyuGuf awGudk vlwdkif;bmvdkY &,fovJ? *s,f&D;vl; 0wf ( p)&J U [moawG udk vlawG bmvdkY &,f ovJ? *sif(r)uma&;&JU [moawG u d k vl a wG bmvdkY&,fovJ? [mo ajrmufvdkY? &oajrmuf vdkYqdkwm &Sif;&Sif;av; yg/ [motrsdK;tpm;

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 32

(4)rsKd ;udak wmh uReaf wmf pmrsufESmiJhNyD; cGJjyrae awmygbl;? aemufwpf cku a'gufwmcifarmif ñdk&JU acgif;uywfwD; ajcaxmufavsmuswJh bmomjyef [mo[m jrermvdk jrefrmbmom pum;eJY wifjyxm;wm yg/ tJ'D jrefrmvdk bm omjyefxm;wJh [moudk udkat;(rEÅav;)u olY aqmif;yg;xJrSmbmom xyfjyefxm;wm&Sdao; w,f? tcsuf (4)csuf? eJ Y &S i f ; jyxm;wmyg? a'gufwmcifarmifñdk&JU bmomjyef[moudzk wf vdkufuwnf;u ajym csifwJh twGif;om;udk uRefawmf zrf;qkyfrdNyD; om;yg? odrIacgif;yg; ol&JU rqDavsmfwJh ar; cGef;eJY t½GJUwdkuf? qif acstaMumif;jyajzxm; wmudk zwfuwnf;u uRef a wmf tygt0if pmzwfoltm;vHk;vnf; odMurSmyg/ 'gudk udk at;(rEÅ a v;)u pm zwf o l b uf u d k avsmh wGufNyD; pdk;&drfwBuD; bmomjyef v d k u f a wmh jref r mvd k a&;xm;wJ h

uda k t;(rEÅav;)a& [moqdw k m pmeJYyJ a&;jyNy;D tuf&i S e f YJyJ o½kya f qmifjyNy;D jyufv;kH eJYyJ cGiq f ifNy;D jyufjyuf (TWIN#)av;eJY xGufayguf&Sd&mudk ac:oGm;Ny;D ]zsufceJ} vif;vuf jyvdu k v f Ykd &,farm aysmf&i T o f m G ;w,f qdk&if uRefawmfu [mojzpfw,fvYkd ajymcsifw,f/

acwfay:uAsmudk jrefrm vdk bmomxyfjyefae ovdk jzpfaejyefygw,f? vlawGxJrSm [moawG &Sdygw,f? uRefawmfwdkY &yf u G u f x J u vl a wG xJrSmudk tJovdk odrI acgif;yg;ol&UJ rqDavsmf wJh ar;cGef;awGudk t½GJU wdkuf ajzqdk wwfwJh udpörsdK;awG jrifaeMum; ae&wm edpö"l0qdkovdk ygyJ? 'gayr,fh &,fp&m vnf ; raumif ; ovd k [movnf; rjzpfygbl; cifAsm/ udak t;(rEÅav;)cif Asm; uRef a wmf [ m a'guf w mcif a rmif ñ d k vdk yk*¾dKvfrsdK;udk tjypf wif(BLAME)&avmuf atmifMoZmr&SdaMumif; ygcifAsm;? taMumif; t&mqd k w mBuD ; ud k o m OD ; wnf a 0zef j cif ; om jzpfygw,f? (DIFFER) jzpfcGifh&SdMuw,fr[kwf vm;Asm? aemufxyfajym csifwmu uaeYpmay a[majymyGJawGrSm awGU aeMuudpw ö pfcyk g? a[m ajymr,f h pma&;q&m u [mopma&;q&m r[kwfbl;? 'gayr,fh

olt"dua[majymr,fh taMumif;t&mudk y&d owfpdwf0ifwpm; olU bufygvmzdkY pifay: wufwufcsif; [mo av;eJYypfciG ;f vdu k Mf unfh w,f? y&dowf&UJ &,foH awGxGufvmw,f? 'gyJ ol arQmfvifhwJh wHkYjyef rIu tJ'D&,foHyJ? wef jyefoufa&mufrIyJ? pm a&;q&majymvd k u f w J h [moav;udk y&dowf u &,fvdkufwmeJY tJ'D &,f o H [ m [moud k axmufcHvdkufwJh t aMumif;w&m;ygyJ/[mo trsdK;rsdK; ae&mtrsdK;rsdK; rSm yHko@meftrsdK;rsdK; &S d a eovd k tJ ' D [ mo awG & J U tqif h t wef ; (RANR)vnf;trsdK;rsdK; &S d y gw,f / uvd x d k ; [moawGudk uRefawmf r&,fwwfyg? atmuf ydkif; npfnrf;jyufvHk; [moawGudk uRefawmf r&,fwwfyg? ]tJ . . [kwfaygif - a,mifvdkY} qdkwJh ZGwf[moudk r &,fwwfyg/ [mowpf cktay:rSm &,fjcif; r &,fjcif;udpö[mvnf; cHpm;ol&JU [mo"mwf

cHtxltyg; uGmygvdrfh e,f? zefw;D ol&UJ t&nf taoG;txlltyg;vnf; uGmygvdrrhf ,f? 'gaMumifh a'gufwmcifarmifñdk&JU ]acgif;ywfwD;}[moudk uRefawmfr&,f? rNyHK; wmudk wHkYjyefa&;om; wJh udkat;(rEÅav;)eJY uReaf wmf&UJ [mo"mwf cHtxltyg; uGmygvdrfh e,fvdkY ajymyg&ap? u aeY[mo0w¬KawG a&; om;aewJh [mopma&; q&mawG? [moo½kyf aqmifawG? tNidrfhpif? Zmwfpifay:u [mo vl&TifawmfawG[m ol wdkYa&;wJh [mo? olwdkY o½kyfaqmifwJh [mo? olwdkYjyufvdkufwJh jyuf vHk; ([mo)udk [mo rjzpfrSmudk pdk;&drfMuwm yJ/ y&dwfowfawGqDu &,f&w,f? NyHK;&w,f? [m',ESvHk; csrf;ajrh Muw,fqdkwJh a&mifjyef [yfrI wpfenf;ajym& &if [moud k [mo jzpfaMumif; axmufcHwJh wefjyef oufa&mufrI awGudk vdkcsifMuw,f? 'grS m vnf ; [mo&J U (DEFINITION)eJY vdu k f

avsmnD a xG jzpf E d k i f e,fqdkwmudk ajymcsif ygw,f/ rEÅav; qdk wm tEk y nm toD ; tyGifhawG oD;yGifhcJh? oD; yGifhqJ? oD;yGifhOD;r,f NrdKU awmf y g? rEÅ a v;rS m uRefawmf av;pm;cspf cif&wJh [moynm&Sif awG trsm;BuD;yg? pm a&;q&mvnf;jzpf? vl &T i f a wmf v nf ; jzpf w J h q&mcspf p &mwd k Y ? ud k xifay:? udkrdwfquf? ud k ' D y gwd k Y vd k [mo zef w D ; ol a wG &S d a eyg w,f/ pifay:uae vl awG &,f a rm&atmif [moawGudk zefwD;ae Muol a wG csnf ; yg/ q&muHcRefvnf; ouf &Sdxif&Sm;&Sdaew,f r

[k w f v m;/ ud k a t; (rEÅav;)a&? [moqdk wm pmeJ Y yJ a&;jyjy? tuf&SifeJYyJo½kyfaqmif jyjy? jyufvHk;eJYyJ cGif qifNyD; NyufNyuf? (TWIS#)av;eJY xGufayguf &S d & mud k ac:oG m ;NyD ; ]zswfceJ} vif;vufjy vdkufvdkY &,farmaysmf &TifoGm;w,fqdk&if uRef awmfu[mojzpfw,f vdYk ajymcsiw f ,f/ aemuf wpfck pifay:u[mo (jyuf v H k ; ) awG r S m z aemifheif;NyD;wrifxGuf ayguf BudKydwfxm;wJh [morsdK;vnf;&Sdw,f qdkwmudkat; (rEÅav;) od r vm;awmh rajym wwfbl;? uJAsm-&,f p&m prsuf E S m ay:rS m [motaMumif;udk ]oD a ygrif ; vuf x uf } b,folqGJovJqdkwm rsdK; tjyeftvSef rsufpd pyg;arT;pl;MurSmvnf; pdk;&ao;w,fAs? [mo eJY ywfoufvdkY'Daqmif; yg;[m uRef a wmf h & J Y aemufxyfwHkYjyefrIr&Sd awmh w J h aemuf q H k ; aqmif;yg;vdYkvnf;aMumf jim0ifvu kd yf gw,f/

udkat;(rEÅav;)udk aemufq;kH ajymcsifwmu awmh OD;ay:OD;avsmuf xHk;awG[m uRefawmf ausmif ; om; b0u wnf;u taqGcifyGef; awG y g? uRef a wmf h u d k zwfzdkY wdkufwGef;wm vnf; tHMordygw,f? OD ; ay:OD ; [m [mo "mwf c H & S d o l [mo taiGYtoufawG udef; atmif;aewJh yk*¾dKvfyg? olYavQmufxHk;wdkif;rSm bk&ifudk,fwdkif rjyHK;bJ taeEdkifwmcsnf;ygyJ/ olvnf; bk&ifjzpfae vdkY&mtdajE´qnfae&vdkY jyHK;½HkjyHK;wmaemf? tjcm; rif ; rI x rf ; awG v d k ol vnf; &,fcsifrSmtrSef yJ? tJovdk OD;ay:OD;&JY &oajrmufwJh avQmuf xHk;awG[m [mojzpf aevdkY bk&ifudk,fawmf wdkif jyHK;w,fqdkawmh OD;ay:OD;[mç [mo&JY (DEFINITION) udk aoG azG qef Y usif o G m ;wJ h avQmufxHk;awG r[kwf bl ; qd k w m ud k a t; (rEÅav;) odygavp/ armifopfvdIif; (ausmufqnf)

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: ao mif: aaxG]ymvifm: 34 34

qnf ; qm a r marmif i f a rarmif m i vf vS-rifS j rh i f h

tdrfBuD;wpfvHk;/ wpfcsdef wk e f ; uawmh tr &S d c J h o nf / taz &SdcJhonf/ rDScdktm;xm;&m tjynfhtpHk/ tckawmh olwpf a,mufwnf;? txD;xD;/ tcGH om usefawmhonfhc½kqefuRwf yrm/ tcsdefu naecsrf;/ olu tdrfa&SUuGufvyfodkY xGufvmcJh onf/ aemufrSD Budrfukvm;xdkif tydkif;udkyg ,lvmonf/ nae ig;em&D &SdayNyD/ opf&Gufrsm;? yef;yGifhrsm;/ vrf;ab;rD;wdkiftm; vHk;rSm rvIyfr,Suf Nidrfouf vsuf/ ol u xd k t &mtm;vH k ; ud k rsufpdwpfcsufoma0hvdkufonf/ jrifuGif;wpfckvHk;rSm rIef&DrdIif; onfh [if;vif;jyifBuD; wpfck yrm/ iSufrsm;u rdk;,HxJwGif wNidrfhNidrfh ysHaeMuonf/ t0g

ESifh tjzLMum;aMumifwpfaumif onf tdrftwGif;rS xGufvmum olYa&SUü aqmifhaMumifhvmxdkif onf/ olYudk tpmauR;ygawmh [k awmif ; qd k a om oauF w yif/ olu rodovdk aevdkuf onf/ aMumifu a&SUvufESpf zuf a y: ar;wif u m ol Y tm; rsufawmifrcwfapmifhMunfhae onf/ tvGef cspfp&m oem;p &maumif;onfh yHkpHuav;yif/ olYacgif;xJü tawG;rsm;u 0if csnfxGufcsnf &ufuef;&S,fae Muonf/ vluawmh enf;enf; uav;rQ rvIyf/ taraooGm; NyDvm;/ tazaum (tjrJwnf&Sd aeonf h aojcif ; w&m;/ xd k t&mu zefwD;ay;onfh qif;&J 'ku©rsm;/) aumif;csD;r*Fvmay; onfh ewfoli,fuav;rsm;u b0c&D;vrf;ay:wGif ysH0JaeMu

onf/ uAsmrsm;/ 0w¬Krsm;/ &Iwf cscH&jcif;/ csD;usL;cH&jcif;/ yHkESdyf xkwfa0cGifh&aom pmtkyfrsm;/ ydwfyifcH&aom pmtkyfrsm;/ t vnf t ywf a &muf z l ; onf h Nrd K Y rsm;/ wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rjrifbl; onfh NrdKUBuD;rsm;/ xdkYaemufzkef;ac:oHay:vm onf/ cifAsm;tpfudk qHk;oGm;NyD/ teufjzef tavmif;vm,lyg/ t&mrsm;pGmwdkYonf ay:ayguf cJhMuonf/ xdkYaemuf aysmuf uG,foGm;onf/ wpfzef jyefí ay:aygufMuonf/ at-AD-AD u ajymcJhzl;onf/ ]vdifrIudpöqdk wm&Sufp&m}wJh/ olvnf;aysmuf uG,foGm;cJhNyD; jzpfonf/ puf qk y f p &m raumif ; wmbm&S d ovJ / bwf p f u m; usyf u syf wnf;wnf;xJ wdk;acGUpD;&jcif;/ wpfa,mufwpfayguf ajymqdk

«tdE´d, wrDvfpma&;q&m Naku Lan \ The Sunset udk jrefrmjyefygonf/ rl&if;wrDvf bmomrS pma&;oludk,fwdkif t*Fvdyfbmom jyefqdkxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ ukefqHk;oGm;aomtcsdef umvrsm; uG,fvGefoGm;onfh cspfcifolrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; pdwfwGif; cHpm;csufudk zGJUqdkxm;onfh xsl;jcm;aom 0w¬K wpfyk'f[k tdE´d,tywfpOf ½kyfpHk r*¾Zif; The Illustrated Weekly of India t,f'DwmtzGJUrS rSwfcsufjyKygonf/

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 36

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 38

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 40

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 42

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 44

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 46

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 48

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 54

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 62

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wpf a,mufa,mufu uRefawmf&JU ynmukd tav;wrljyKNyD; csD;rGrf;cH&wm[m aysmfp&mr[kwfaybl;vm; udk,fhvl&m... uRefawmfhrSm rme tpkwftjywftowfuav; eJY ,kHMunfcsuf cH,lcsufqkdwmawGuvnf; &Sdaeavawmh...

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 64

awGuvnf; &Sdaeavawmh vl i,fxktMum; uGmjcm;csufukd tus,w f 0ifh ajymjyaerdw,f/ NyD;awmh uRefawmfwkdY vlUtzGJU tpnf;wGi;f u &ocHpm;wwfrI uif;rJhwJh vlwef;pm;awG t aMumif;? tJ.. aemufawmh vlY taMumif; avmutaMumif; qifjcifo;Hk oyfwq hJ u D dk pum;pç rdMuygava&m} ]'geJY trsKd;orD;u b,f vkyd v Hk ?J cifAsm; olYudk csprf o d mG ; a&mvm;} uRefawmfu Mum;jzwfí ar;vkdufonf/ ]awmfawmfq;dk wJh vlyu J ;dk / tcspq f w dk muyk*v ¾ u d uyfa&m*g wpfrsKd;As/ 'DrmS aemifBuD;? uRef awmfwYdkrmS vlxq k w dk m &Sw d ,f/ txufvmT vlYtokid ;f t0kid ;f qkd wm&Sdw,f/ uRefawmfeJY trsKd; orD;wkdY pum;trQifrjywf jzpf aeMua&mqkyd gawmh/ odyrf Mum bl;? wpfckckawmh jzpfaeNyDqkd wmukd uRefawmf owdjyKrdvm w,f/ uRefawmfah emufbufu wk;d oJo h phJ um;oHawG xGuv f m w,f/ ]pE´&m;q&m}qkdwJh pum; vkH;ukd yDyDoo Mum;vkduf&NyD;? usdwf&,foHawGvnf; ay:vm w,f/ olwYdkuReaf wmft h aMumif; ajymaeMuwm/bmt"dymÜ ,fv/J uRefawmf vnfpnf; pnf;xm;

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 66

cGuf xkid af omufae½kaH ygh/aemuf awmh bku d ufcsKdw;D vk;H eJY Munf El;&Tiyf svmatmif tajymif;tvJ vkyfay;&wmayghAsm} ]'geJY.. *kPfBuD;&Sifrzk&m; av;taMumif; ajymygOD;} ]uRefawmf[m bmukdrS r pOf;pm;bl;/ tJ'Drzk&m;av;t aMumif;awmif acgif;xJrxnfh bJeJY uRefawmfh vufawG[m pE´&m;cvkwfawGay:rSm oGuf oGufBuD; ajy;vTm;aew,f/ tJ ..wpfckuawmh uRefawmf &,f aew,f/ 'gayr,fh &ifxJrSm awmh wppfppfeJY emusifae w,f/ AkdufxJrSmvnf;
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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 68

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 70

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 72

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aaaxGo]ymvmififm:: 80

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