The 18th Anniversary Of U U Thar Htwan's Pamphlet

pk&mwGiv f nf;aumif;/ Ak't < Ekynm (Buddhist Art of Ancient Arakan) pmtkyfjyKpk&mwGifvnf;aumif; yg0ifulnDcJhonf? (1959)ckESpfrSm jrefrmhtoHa&'D,kdrS &ckdiftoHukd tpqkH;toHv$ifhcJhonf? wdrfjrKyfaysmufuG,foGm;cJh_yDjzpfaom &ckdif,Ofaus;r+tarGtESpf/ &ckdifordkif;/ &ckdifhpmay/ &ckdifh&kd;&m "avhxkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;tm; urBmuodatmif&SmazGpkaqmif; avhvmaz:xkwfcJhonf? xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufcJhonf? &ckdifol/ &ckdifom;rsm;ukdvnf; &ckdifh,Ofaus;r+trGDtESpf/ &ckdifhorkdif;/ &ckdihfpmay/ &ckdifh&dk;&m "avhxkH;wrf;pOfvm az:xkwfxdef;odrf; umuG,f apmifha&Smuf&efvnf; t_rJaqmf-ocJhonf? q&m}uD; onf &ckid , hf Ofaus;r+tarGtESp/f &ckid o hf rkid ;f / &ckid pf may/ &ckid &hf ;dk &m xkH;xrf;pOfvmrsm;ukdaz:xkwfcJhaomzcif}uD; jzpfonf? q&m}uD;onf &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pD&&Sad &;/ wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; wef;wltcGifhta&;&&Sda&;twGufvnf; pGrf;pGrf;wrHa&S‹wef;rS OD;aqmif OD;&Guf aqmif&GufcJhonf? &ckdif'Drkdua&pDtzGJ‹csKyfwGif em,u}uD;tjzpfxrf;aqmifcJh_yD; ausmufawmf_rdK‹ rJqENe,f trSwf (1)wGif jynfol‹vGwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,favmif; wpfOD; vnf;jzpfonf? q&m}uD;onf &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzG‹J csKyf.pnf;&k;H a&;c&D;pOftjzpf te,fe,ft&yf&yfo‹dk rJq, G w f &m;a[mxGuf pOf rif;jym;_rdK‹e,f/ jym;acsmif;aus;&Gm rJqG,fw&m;a[myGJwGif w&m;a[maepOf zrf;qD;cH&_yD; axmifoiG ;f tusOf;cscHc&hJ onf? q&m}uD;tm; trsK;d om;a&;w&m;a[monf ponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d pGcJ suw f if_yD; zrf;qD;cJjh cif;jzpfonf? Armppftpk;d &. wkid ;f jynf ay:rw&m;apmfum;r+rsm;ukd q&m}uD;.tcsuu f sus a0zefa[m ajymr+rsm;a-umifh Armppf0g'Drsm;/ ArmvlrsKd;}uD;0g'Drsm;tm; temay:wkwfusouJhokd‹ qwfqwfxdrcHr&yfEkdif jzpfcJh&onf? xk‹da-umifh q&m}uD;tm; t_idK;xm;um rw&m;zrf;qD;cJjh cif;jzpf_yD; axmif'g%f (3) ESpf tjypfay;um ppfawGaxmifwGif tusOf;cs xm;cJo h nf? axmifxw J iG f q&m}uD;tm; xrif;auGs;&mwGif pdef tp&Sad om tqdyyf gonft h pm;tpmrsm;tm; ae‹pOfvv dk dk tenf; i,fxnfhauGs;vkyf}uHcJh&m axmifus_yD; (5) vt-um (1990)

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q&m}uD; OD;OD;omxGef; tw twˆˆKywW KyywWdtusOf; q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;ukd &cdkifjynfe,f/ ajrmufOD;jrdK‹ anmifyifaps;&GmteD; tzOD;aumif;pH&/D$ trd a':atmif-uGZw H ‹dkrS (1917) ck Edk0ifbmv (23) &uf/ aom-umae‹wGif zGm;jrifcJh onf? wpfO;D wnf;aomom; jzpfonf? i,fpOfrpS I tbd;k jzpf ol&mZ0ifq&m}uD; OD;omxGe;f atmifu &cdik &f mZ0if/ aq;usr;f / euQwfusrf;/ yl&m%fusrf;rsm;tm; Ekwfwdkuftm*Hk oif-um; ay;cJhonf? e0rwef;wGif ynmoif-um;aepOf zcifuG,fvGef aoma-umifh ausmif;xGufvdkuf&jyD; &[ef;yk*~dKvfwkd‹ xHwGif ouUÉygVd/ ordik ;f / tif;/ aA'ifEiS hf tjcm;avmuDynm &yfrsm; udk oif-um;avhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf? (1950) ckEpS rf S (1955) ckEpS x f d rlvwef;ausmif;q&m tjzpf 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJh_yD; (1955) ckESpfrS (1977) ckESpfxd ajrmufO;D jrdK‹/a&S;a[mif;okawoeXmecGw J iG f &cdik =f jrefrmy¾dwf tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? ,ckvuf&SdajrmufOD;a&S; a[mif;okawoejywdkuf}uD;onf q&m}uD; pkaqmif;wnf aqmufcJhaomjywkduf}uD; jzpfonf? (1977) ckESpf rS (1983) ckEpS x f d ajrmufO;D _rdK‹ a&S;a[mif;okawoeXmecGw J iG f t}uHay; yk*~dKvftjzpf qufvuf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? (1980) ckESpfrS (1983) ckESpfxd wl;azmfcJhaom &cdkifa0omvDjrdK‹a[mif; wl;azmfr+vkyfief;wGif udk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifwl;azmf aqmif &GufcJhonf? ajrmufOD;jrdK‹ bk&m;ordkif; (1301 ckESpf ykHESdyf)/ OD;&mZf awmifb&k m;ordik ;f usrf; jyifqifjznfph u G cf suf (yHEk ySd )f (1952= 53)/ &uQdKiftrsdK;orD; ol&Jaumif; twˆKywW y d (1953=54) (yHkEdSyf)/ &uQdKif&mZ0if oaoFyusrf; (1954=55) yHkESdyf/ 0oJ bk&m;ordik ;f (yHEk ydS )f / &Sio f wfb&k m;ordik ;f (yHEk ydS )f rsm;tm; yHEk ydS f xkwfa0cJhonf? &uQdKif uAsmaygif;csKyf/ &uQdKif&mZ0if bmom jyef/ &uQKd if'*Fg;rsm; (bmomjyef)/ &uQKd if"gwfawmfb&k m;apwD rsm;ESihf ajrmufO;D jrdK‹ wef;cd;k }uD;bk&m;rsm;/ ordik ;f usr;f pmrsm;udk

a&;om;jyKpk_yD; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;qmOD;xGe;f atmifausmfxw H iG f tyfcJhonf? tHawmfodrfbk&m;ordkif;usrf;/ oJxufbk&m;ordkif;/ xD;awmfrdk;bk&m;ordkif;/ abmif;'Gwfewfawmifbk&m;ordkif;/ a0omvDb&k m;}uD;ordik ;f / odraf wmf}uD;bk&m;ordik ;f / r[mxD; bk&m;ordkif;/ yg;awmfbk&m;ordkif;/ bk&m;ay:bk&m;ordkif;/ o#pfaomif;bk&m;ordkif;/ r*Fvm"gwfa&$ulbk&m;ordkif;rsm;udk vuFmpum;ajyarmfueG ;f ponfw h ‹dk jzifh a&;om;xkwaf 0cJo h nf? "n0wDr*~if;tm; pmwnf;/ t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0ef,lxkwf a0cJhonf? "n0wDpmapmif/ "n0wDr*~Zif;/ &cdkifwefaqmif r*~Zif;/ rEWav;jynfo‹l*sme,f/ &efuek rf *~Zif;/ pHak xmufr*~Zif;/ ,Ofaus;r+pmapmif/ &cdik rf *~Zif;/ ppfawGaumvdyrf *~Zif;/ &cdik f jynfe,fpmapmif/ 0&mZfajrr*~Zif;rsm;wGif OD;OD;omxGef;/ OD;ol&, d tp&Sad om uavmiftrnfrsm;jzifh aqmif;yg;rsm; a&; om;cJhonf? jrdKapmifhewfa'0wmAvDylaZmfusrf;/ tO…eed'gef; aq;usr;f / &ckid pf nfjyKvkyyf EkH iS hf wD;uGu/f wD;vk;H rsm;/ uAsmrsm; pkaygif;pmwrf;/ &cdik x f rd ;f jrm;r*Fvmyef;wsm;wD;vH;k /wD;uGuEf iS hf jyKvkyyf t kH wdik ;f twmpmwrf;/ &cdik o f wfykH owfne$ ;f cGx J m;jcif; t"dyg` ,fxu G yf pkH mwrf;/ &cdik yf vG(D jyG)D trsdK;rsdK; jyKvkyyf kH twdik ;f twmpmwrf;/ o#dKif'dkif/ aumufOD;qGrf;wif/ ykd;0g/ Ak'< ylZed, qDr;D cGut f u/ aw;jcif;uAsmponfw‹dk udk a&;om;jyKpkco hJ nf? qif,ifx;kH zG‹J ru + srf; (rl-urf;)/ &cdik &f mZ0if (rl-urf;)/ &cdkiftuQqif;oufvmyHkusrf; (rl}urf;)/ &cdkifausmufpm aygif;csKyfusrf;(rl-urf;)/ &cdik b f &k ifordik ;f usrf;(rl-urf;)/ &cdik f om;a'gif;rmwif(rl-urf;)/ o#ifOD;jr0gusrf; (rl-urf;)/ &cdkifrif;orD;{jcif; ±Sif;vif;csuf (rl-urf;)/ Asmvpmwrf; (rl-urf;)/ ausmufawmf_rdK‹ aovm*D&D armyAŠwawmifajc&if;rS awG‹cJh&aom ausmufqpfvuf&mrsm;/ okawoejyKcsuf (rl-urf;) ponfwkd‹udka&;om; jyKpkcJhonf? -opa-w;vsEd k i f i H t rsd K ;om;wuU o d k v f o k a woD PAMELA GUTMAN . ANCIENT ARAKAN usrf;jyKpkpOf wGifvnf;aumif;/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ yg&DjrdK‹rS ygarmuQa&mzwf

qmAf&f ( BERNOT) twGuf &cdkifyHkjyif vdyfuefzmr0wˆKESifh usD;jzL&Gm pmwrf;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ jyifopfEdkifiHygarmuQ OD;vSodef; (ac: ) *GsefeftdkuJvfzdk‹.apwDtaqmufttHkESifh eef;taqmuf ttHkpmwrf;udkvnf;aumif;/ tar&duefEdkifiH tm&Sazmifa';&Sif; twGif;a&;rSL;a';Apfpwdrf;Ampf. a0omvD ausmuf&yk w f k qif;wkrsm;.ESpaf ygif; -umanmif;r+tm; wdik ;f wm r+pmwrf;udk vnf;aumif;/ *syefEikd if yH garmuQtEkd kd wd&k ±+EiS hf &cdik f pum;ajym av,lavodrf; toHxGufykHpmwrf;ESifh abmif;'Gwf t&yfwGif &Sdaom 'wfcsfaumifq,fvm taqmufttHkyHkpHESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcyhJ pHk mwrf;udv k nf;aumif; a&;om;jyKpkun l D cJhonf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&,Ofaus;r+XmeESifh tjcm;yk*~dKvfwkd‹ udkvnf; q&m}uD;onf ulnDay;cJhonf? OD;rif;Edkif.jynf axmifpktuya'ompmtkyf (1959)/ &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; jzpfpOfESifh "avhxHk;pHrsm;pmtkyf/ wdkif;&if;om;,Ofaus;r+&dk;&m "avhx;kH pHrsm;/ &cdik jf ynfe,f b¾mwdu k }f uD;rsm;usr;f / &cdik &f ;kd &m pnfawmfEiS hf wl&, d mwD;uGurf sm;pmwrf;/ jrefrma0g[m& tbd "gefusr;f jyKppk Of a0g[m&pmvH;k rsm; jyKp_k yD; ay;yk‹djcif;/ &cdik af 0g[m &tbd"gefjyKpkpOf a0g[m&pmvHk;rsm;ESifht"dy`g,f zGifhqdkcsuf/ usrf;udk;um;csufrsm;pmtkyf jyKpkjcif;/ (1976=77)ck &cdkifjynf e,fae‹/ &cdik jf ynfe,f/ wHqyd /f &cdik &f ;kd &m usm;§r 0wfpkH pmwrf;/ &cdkifjynfe,f jzpfpOfordkif;/ ajrmufOD;vrf;n$efponf wdk‹udk yg0ifulnDa&;om;jyKpkcJhonf? txufwef;ynmOD;pD;Xmen$ecf sKyf(jidr;f ) ygarmuQ OD;pH omatmiftwGufvnf; (1972)ck tbd"rRmaumufEkwfcsuf yk&ydu k u f kd rdu k cf &dzk vif&u kd Ef ydS &f eftwGuv f nf;aumif;/ *0du¾ ygo%usrf;ayrludk rdkufc&dkzvif&dkufEdkif&ef vnf;aumif;/ vSsKd ‹0u S af usmufpm *%ef;a&;enf;ayrludk rku d u f &dzk vif&u dk &f ef vnf;aumif;/ at'D (6) &mpkEiS hf ,if;rwkid rf u DS &ckid jf ynfe,fo;Hk tuQ&mpmtkyjf yKpk&mwGif vnf;aumif;/ teENpjENm;(8) &mpk &ckid f a0omvDpm tkyjf yKpk&mwGif vnf;aumif;/ &ckid 'f *Fg;rsm;ordik ;f jyK