Swm Report.docx

‘’SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT VIT CAMPUS’ “B& B ANNEX” PROJECT REPORT FOR THE COURSE Solid waste management (CLE2020)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology In CIVIL Engineering By ARUN KUMAR TAILOR (Roll No: 16BCL0061) SAKET YADAV (Roll No: 16BCL0081) PRAKHAR BINAYAK (Roll No: 16BCL0096,) MRIDUL NIGAM (Roll No: 16BCL0229) TEJAS BAJPAI (Roll No: 16BCL0303,) AADITYA RAJ SINGH (Roll No: 16BCL0354)

Department of Civil Engineering VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VELLORE

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Certificate of Approval

This is to certify that the work entitled “Solid Waste Management at VIT Campus”

submitted

by ARUN KUMAR TAILOR (16BCL0061) ,

SAKET YADAV (16BCL0081), PRAKHAR BINAYAK (16BCL0096), MRIDUL NIGAM (16BCL0229) TEJAS BAJPAI (16BCL0303)

and

AADITYA RAJ SINGH (16BCL0354)

my

supervision in partial

fulfilment

of

has been carried out under

the requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) at Vellore Institute Of Technology, Vellore and this work has not been submitted elsewhere for any other academic degree to the best of my knowledge.

Dr. BHASKAR DAS

Professor Department of Civil Engineering. Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014, vellore

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Date : 1/11/2018 Place : VIT vellore

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our profound gratitude and indebtedness to Dr Bhaskar Das, Associate Professor, Department of CIVIL Engineering , Vellore Institute of

Technology, Vellore, for introducing the present topic and for his

inspiring guidance , constructive criticism and

valuable suggestions

throughout this work.

We would also express our gratitude to all the Faculty members of Civil Engineering Department, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, for their guidance and the support they have provided us.

Last but not least, our sincere thanks to all our friends & seniors who have patiently extended all sorts of help for accomplishing this undertaking.

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ABSTRACT The increase in the intake of students, constant change in consumption pattern and social behaviour has increased the generation of solid waste in Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Campus. Though solid waste management is a worldwide phenomenon, but the improper management of solid waste (SW) causes hazards to the inhabitants. The problem of solid waste management (SWM) is prevailing in the academic environment of VIT Campus also. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the improved planning and implementation

of

comprehensive

SWM

systems

for

upgrading

the

environmental scenario of the Campus. It requires detailed information on the quantity and character of SW generated and their physical and chemical properties.

This present study is to investigate the problems and prospects of solid waste in the Campus. The investigation includes the methods of practices associated with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste in VIT Campus. In this work, it is intended to collect the data using questionnaire, field visit, and interaction with inhabitants.

This work will evolve appropriate solid waste management strategy based on the principles of reduce, reuse and recycle. This work will be a feasibility study for a Solid Waste Management System for the Campus.

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1.0. Introduction

VIT Vellore ranks one of the top colleges in India in providing technical education for both under graduates and post graduate students. It is the top engineering college in the state according to the government statistics. Today it has around 35000 students and around 700 faculties. In spite of all these advances in technical and educational fields it faces severe environmental concerns which needs to be addressed immediately. The waste management issues in the college was a hot topic in several local newspapers recently. The sight of a dustbin overflowing and the stench rising from it are all too familiar sights and smells of a crowded city. You look away from it and hold your nose as you cross it. Even our campus is not an exception. Waste management is seldom done properly in VIT Vellore campus. Lack of waste bins, heap of wastes in B & B annex hostel, tiresome job of daily labourers in college to keep the campus clean – all these are familiar sights in our campus life. Have you ever thought that you also have a role to play in the creation of this stench? That you can also play a role in the lessening of this smell and making your campus look a little more attractive and lessen the work of daily labourers in VIT if you follow proper methods of disposal of the wastes generated? Since the beginning, humankind has been generating waste, be it the bones and other parts o+f animals they slaughter for their food or the wood they cut to make their carts. With the progress of civilization, the waste generated became of a more complex nature. At the end of the 19th century the industrial revolution saw the rise of the world of consumers. Not only did the air get more and more polluted but the Earth itself became more polluted with the generation of non-biodegradable solid waste. The increase in population and urbanization was also largely responsible forth increase in solid waste. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorized 5

according to its origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or institutional); according to its contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc.); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious etc.). Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates adverse impacts on the environment and human health and supports economic development and improved quality of life. A Number of processes are involved in effectively managing solid wastes in a human society. These include monitoring, collection, transport, processing, recycling and disposal. Through this project we intend to analyse the solid waste generation in our college campus, the disposal techniques adopted and their effectiveness. We also make an attempt to propose an alternate system for the proper waste management without disturbing the environment.

2.0 OBJECTIVE:  To identify the total amount of solid waste generated (kg/week) in B& B-Annex blocks of men’s hostel, VIT, Vellore.  To segregate the solid waste in each study area specially non-biodegradable and wet fraction, perform detailed analysis on the same.  To identify the current practice of solid waste treatment in each & every survey area.  To deeply evaluate the current followed practice and suggest steps for improvement of the same.

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3.0: GENERAL INFO. OF SURVEY AREA:

Swami Vivekananda Block – MHB(4-story building)

DETAILS

STRENGTH

Total no. of rooms

172

Total no. of beds

531

BED TYPE WISE STRENGTH 3AC

3NAC

6NAC

129

372

30

Total Students Strength

529

No. of Deputy Warden

1

No. of Block Supervisor

1

House Keeping Staff

4

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Swami Vivekananda Block Annexe - MHBA

DETAILS

STRENGTH

Total no. of rooms

30

Total no. of beds

138

BED TYPE WISE STRENGTH 1AC

4AC

6AC

2

64

72

Total Students Strength

79

No. of Deputy Warden

1

No. of Block Supervisor

1

House Keeping Staff

1

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“MESS DETAILS” Inside Block(B-Annex) Mess -- PR- Caterers  This mess is attached with B-annex block • Inherits 2-types of messes: Veg mess, Special mess • Capacity: 340 students (TOTAL) • Expected Students come- 200 or more • Waste Assessment: 65kg/day: (approx.) 15kg- Breakfast Meal 30kg- Lunch Meal 20kg- Dinner Meal

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4.0Analysis of waste generation in VIT HOSTEL B & B ANNEX:  In Hostel Block(4-storied building) every floor has 8 dustbins(vol. 60 lit.) each.  A random check of few dustbins in the building revealed different types of wastes stated below 1. Egg Shells 2. Plastic Polythene 3. Cardboard Boxes 4. Tetra packs/Tin Cans/Plastic Containers(Bottles) 5. Waste food items(including raw peels, bread pieces etc.) We all group members went to the Bio-processing plant where all the waste of VIT is treated. We asked the officials about the waste generated in B block and B-annex, he gave us some data regarding the garbage and the bags that are being collected and we cross checked the next day.

VIT BIO PROCESSING PLANT:

• VIT bio processing plant where all the separation is done and rest treatments. 10

• The trucks that collects the garbage bags from the hostel dumps in this plant .

TOTAL WASTE BAGS COLLECTED: • • • • • • • • •

No. of bags collected from B block(week days) – 2 bags No. of bags collected from B block(weekends) – 2 bags No. of bags collected from B-annex (week days)– 1 bag No. of bags collected from B-annex (weekends)– 1 bag Average weight of each garbage bag collected – 30 kg The total waste collected from B block- 42kg/day (weekdays) The total waste collected from B block- 57kg/day (weekends) The total waste collected from B-annex – 22kg/day (weekdays) The total waste collected from B-annex – 28kg/day (weekends)

In B block in every floor there is 5 dustbins in each floor. A total of 20 dustbins are there in B block. Then all the bags from the block are being dumped in the main dustbin present infornt of the block.

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SEGREGATION: • 10 kg waste from B block is taken and a process of segregation was done and following data’s were recorded:(i) Plastic item waste = 1.5kg (ii) Raw food materials = 2.5 kg (iii) Cloth and shoe item = 1kg (iv) Cardboard and papers = 2kg (v) Tins and can (aluminium foil and disposal plates included) =1.5kg (vi) Plastic bottles = 1.5kg Survey will be conducted in two discrete methods: • By Distributing e-forms with some common questionnaire (Google forms). • Direct Methods (Approaching the concerned authorities of hostel block/mess for correct information).

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• In the bio processing plants there are groups appointed to separate the plastic waste, cans, tins, cardboard box, papers etc. • Firstly all the garbage are dumped in one area and from there the segregation starts.

To analyse how each person contributes to the wastes generated in the campus, we have conducted a survey in two hostels of VIT. In the survey we came to know that plastic and non-plastic wastes make a large difference in their quantity and we have come upon with the following tables.

Table 1: Daily waste generation from rooms in B and B annex hostels (for each 10 kg)

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Weight (kg)

DAY

Date

Monday

15-102018

B BLOCK Plastic

2.2

Non plastic

B ANNEX

Total

7.8

10

Plastic

1.8

10 Tuesday

16-102018

2

8

Mean Daily Waste (kg)

10

8.3

10

2.1 2.5

7.5

10

2.4

7.6

10

21-10-18 Sunday

8.2

1.7

20-10-18 Saturday

Non plastic total

10 7.8

1.9

10 8.1

7.72

8.1

2.27

2.12

Table 2: Details of Daily Food Waste in B Hostel Mess

Date 15-10-18

Breakfast Lunch 15

20

12 32

mean

Total 65

30 21-10-18

Dinner

13.5 31

62

18

63.5

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4. RESPONSE OF E-SURVEY

We got around 62 responses

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5.0 SUGGESTIONS: 5.0.1 FOR MESS WASTE REDUCTION: • By introducing electronic card which will be needed to scanned first to get the plate for serving. this will monitor the number of student eating on particular days. after a month or two authorities can come to a conclusion that on which days students are coming in more number and on which day less students are coming. this will help the mess department to make food accordingly and hence reduce the food waste. • FOR STUDENTS:

• FOR MESS INCHARGE:

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• This solution is not only using information alone to create behavioural change but is also challenging the habits of the users. In our over research we found that wasting food is a highly subconscious practice, and so are the complex processes preceding it. Lack of knowledge also largely reduced people’s ability to independently evaluate the importance of food wastage. So we have created other solutions as well in this matter. Those other solutions are meant to acknowledge the basic aspects of food wastage through visual mediums along with doing the promotional advert for this particular solution. • The responsibility of handling of waste generated in the hostel mess is born by the firm operating it (i.e. the Caterers). The waste is generated here is food waste, thus maximum of it is biodegradable and therefore it is sent to nearby agricultural farms or given to hungry street animals. • If incase there is shortage of food from one caterer they can borrow from another mess with the same caterer. Exchange of done is between same caterer.

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4.0.2 FOR HOSTEL WASTE REDUCTION:  All the waste generated in the block is collected from dustbins/corridors etc. every day in morning around 10:30 AM. This waste is sent to a sacred place which is somewhere beside B-block. From their a contract is issued by VIT Management to take away this waste. This is then classified into various types and bifurcated accordingly. Reusable materials are sent for the processing required, others are transported to government garbage dumping places. • Ban of polythene in college campus, use of cardboards can be done properly. • Instead of cold drinks in plastic bottles we can use tin cans to avoid the use of plastic and tin cans are also recyclable. • Donation of clothes and shoes to the NGO’s instead of just throwing them into the bins. • Increase the awareness about how much the waste is generated by the students so that they can realize their mistakes and wastage is not done.  As because of CAT-II there is wastage of paper as we only use it one time.  If a rough calculation is done minimum of 200pages per students will come and there is lots of student in VIT.  To reduce this problem we came up with an idea to replace paper with kindle tablet.  To reduce paper VIT can provide us Kindle tab which will have the necessary materials that are required for CAT-II examination.  We can just stop the use of paper but we can reduce it for sure with this practice.

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5.0 CONCLUSION The objective of the project was to analyse the effectiveness of the current waste management systems in VIT and to put forward a new and effective one. For this we focussed mainly on two areas: a) Food waste generated in the mess. b) Waste generated from the rooms in B AND B ANNEX hostel. The method adopted was conducting a detailed study on the amount of waste produced in HOSTELS (particularly in mess’) for a period. Also we tabulated the amount of waste generated from the hostel rooms and weighed it after segregating it into plastic and non-plastic. The average waste was calculated from this sample assuming it to be a true reflection of the waste generation for the entire semester. For the mess it was observed that the suitable waste disposal system was the bio-digester. This is due to the fact that it can process a large quantity of food waste to give useful products such as biogas and slurry. But in case of hostel per day is considerably low so an anaerobic digester is a suitable option. The anaerobic digester was chosen since it required less maintenance and was more suitable for a lesser quantity of waste and hence it is economically feasible in the long run. The data for mess waste was analysed by assuming that kitchen waste consists of mainly sugary feedstock. But in reality there may be other substances with low sugar content.

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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY • www.wikipedia.com • http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html • http://www.artiindia.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=4 5 • https://www.slideshare.net/mtcperera/solid-waste-management-project • https://www.pdfcoke.com/document/49850685/Solid-waste-management-inuniversity-hostel

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