Shwekhamauk

pmapmif trSwpf Of (92)

2009 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&Dv (15) &uf?

“vlxkeJŒwdkif;jynf&JŒ rsufESmudkaxmuf_yD; jywfjywfom;om; aqmif&Guf-u” AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vGwv f yfa&;ae‹ a':atmifqef;pk-unf. _cHwcH g;0 ezl;pnf;wGif a&;xm;aompmwrf;? “»»»avmavmvwfvwf usrwdk@[m 'Drdkua&pD pdwf"gwfudk arG;jcif;tm;jzifh avmavmvwfvwf vGwfvyfr_&Edkifw,fvdk@ ajymEdkifw,f? bmjzpfvdk@'Drdk ua&pD vdkcsifvJ/ wu,fawmh pdwfvGwfvyf udk,f vGwv f yf aecsiv f @kd y?J pdwv f w G v f yf ud, k v f w G v f yf qdk wm[m vGwfvyfoGm;wJh oabmrsdK;r[kwfbl;/ r&Sd oifw h hJ tcsKyftaESmifawG r&Sw d o hJ abmrsKd ;udk ajymwm yg? vGwv f yfw,fqw kd m ud, k v f yk cf siw f ikd ;f pnf;rJh urf; rJh vkyfwmudk ajymwmr[kwfbl;/ r&Sdoifhr&SdxdkufwJh tcsKyftaESmifrS uif;a0;wmudkajymwm? tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdkr&Sdoifhr&SdxdkufwJh tcsKyftaESmifawGrS uif;a0;csif vdk@ usrwdk@'Drdkua&pDvdkcsifw,f? tJ'aD wmh r&So d ifrh &Sx d u kd w f hJ tcsKyftaESmifawG/ p+y;D awmh csucf si;f vufiif;/ 'DtcsKyftaESmifawG wjznf;jznf; aysmufuG,foGm;Edkifatmifvdk@ usrwdk@ vkyf&r,f/ vkyfvnf;vkyfEdkifwJh pGr;f tif&w dS ,f? tJ'aD wmh vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f [m/ ud, k [ hf mud, k f p+yD;awmh vky&f r,f?»»»” (13-4-96) ESifh (20-4-96) naecif;/ &efukefòrd@/ wuUodkvf&dyfomvrf;/ +cHtrSwf(54) a&SŒ a':atmifqef;pk =unf ajymjyonf?

a':atmifqef;pk-unfukd aemufq;kH t}udrrf w&m;zrf;qD;xm;wm ,ckq&kd if (5) ESpf (8) v eJ‹ (15) &uf &So d mG ;yg_yD? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) rS xkwaf 0jzef‹cso d nf?

tmZmenfyk*d~KvfwdkŒ. vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufI aqmif&Guf&rnf?

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf trSw-f 970§c/ taemufa&$*w kH ikd v f rf; A[ef;+rdK@e,f ? &efukef+rdK@ 2009 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4)&uf 1370 ckEpS /f jymodv k qef; (9)&uf

a=ujimcsuftrSwf- 1§ 01 § 09 ,ae@onf tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik af om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf wnfaxmif cJhonfh (61)ESpfjynfh vGwfvyfa&;ae@jzpfonf? Tae@onf wdkif;jynfESifh vlrsdK;rsm;twGuf wefz;kd }uD;rm;vS+yD;/ usuo f a&&Sad om ae@x;l ae@jrwf}uD; jzpfayonf? 1886 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1)&ufae@rpS I e,fcsŒJ vufatmuf ESpaf ygi;f wpf&mausmrf # udv k kd eDEikd if jH zpfc&hJ pOf ucsi/f u,m; / u&if / csi;f / Arm / rGef / &cdik f / &Sr;f tp&Sad om wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm;onf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;wk@d wiG f zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf r_ sm; cHc=hJ u&onf? zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf _ '%f&m'%fcsurf sm;rSm }uD;rm;euf±i_d ;f cJo h jzif/h ol@u|erf cHvakd om jrefrmwd@k onf trsdK;om; vGwfvyfa&; jyefvnf&&Sd&eftwGuf b0rsm;pGmay;qyfvsuf toufrsm;pGmudk &if;ESD;pGef@vGwfcJh&onf? udv k ekd t D yk cf sKyfa&;udk qef@usicf =hJ uaom ucsi/f u,m;/ u&if/ csi;f / Arm/ rGe/f &cdik /f &Sr;f tp&Sad om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;onf &&mvufeufpu JG ikd v f suf rsKd ;csppf w d "f mwfukd t&if; cHum ckcaH wmfveS f ppfqifEcJG =hJ uonf? od@k aomf wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf e,fcsŒJ wd@k . acwfrv DS ufeuftiftm;udk r,SOEf ikd o f jzifv h nf;aumif; acgi;f aqmifrw _ pfcw k nf;atmufwiG f pkpnf;nD!w G rf _ rxlaxmifEikd o f jzifv h nf;aumif; ,m,Dta&;edrchf =hJ uonf? vufeufudkif ckcHawmfvSefr_ ta&;edrfhcJhaomfvnf; jrefrmwdk@. trsdK;om;pdwf"mwf jyefvnfE;kd =um;vmaomtcg ordik ;f 0ifwu kd yf v JG y_ &f mS ;r_rsm;tjzpf (1920)ckEpS f yxrausmif; om;oydwf (1930)ckEpS f wd@k Armtpnf;t±H;k ESihf awmifov l ,form; ta&;awmfy}kH uD; (1936) ckEpS f Adv k af tmifausmEf iS hf rE aW v;tmZmenf (17)OD;usq;kH cJah om (1300) jynfv h w G v f yfa&; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;onf tqufrjywfay:ayguv f mcJo h nf? 'kw, d urBmppf jzpfymG ;vmaomtcsed Yf t*Fvyd t f cuf/ Armhtcsuf Edik if aH &;tvSnhf tajymif;umvwGif wd@k Armocifrsm;ESihf ausmif;om;vli,fw@kd onf jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;t wGuf e,fcs@J w@kd tm; vufeufuikd f awmfveS &f efq;kH jzwfc=hJ uonf? ppfa&;t& Adv k cf sKyfatmif qef; OD;aqmifrj_ zifh zG@J pnf;wnfaxmifvu kd af om Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf[k ac:wGiaf om (bDtikd af t) wyfrawmf}uD; ,if;aemuf ArmhumuG,af &;wyfrawmf (bD'aD t) wyfrawmf

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trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u? }uD;onf vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;udk ordik ;f ajymifajrmufpmG wdu k yf 0JG ifc=hJ uonf? xd@k twl Edik if aH &;t&vnf; ocifatmifqef;OD;aqmifaom zufqpfwu kd zf suaf &; jynf ol@vw G v f yfa&;tzG@J csKyf (z-w-y-v) zG@J pnf;+yD; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;wd@k . pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf j_ zifh zufqpfawmfveS af &;udk qifEcJG =hJ uonf? 1945ckEpS f arv(3)&ufae@wiG f zufqpfwu kd zf suf a&; jynfo@l vw G v f yfa&;tzG@J csKyfonf zufqpfqef@usiaf &; jynfo@l vw G af jrmufa&;tzG@J csKyf (zqyv) jzpfvmygonf? Armhvw G v f yfa&;wyfrawmf ArmumuG,af &;wyfrawmf rsKd ;cspf wyfrawmfwdk@udk xlaxmifI e,fcsJ@ESifhzufqpfwdk@udk awmfvSef+yD;atmifyGJ&&SdcJhaom trsdK; om;acgif;aqmif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf ppfwyfrSE_wfxGufI EdkifiHa&;vkyfaqmif&ef (zqyv) tzG@J csKyf}uD;udk qufvuf acgi;f aqmifra_ y;cJo h nf? vGwv f yfa&;Adou k m}uD; wyfrawmf.zcif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf trsK;d om;pnf; vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk wnfaqmufum EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyf csKyfqEkd ikd cf o hJ nftxd qifEEJG ikd cf o hJ vdk &&Sv d mrnfh vGwv f yfa&; wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;twGuf 'Dru kd a&pD vrf;a=umif;od@k a&S;±_&ef atmufygtwdik ;f ajym=um;cJyh gonf? “tm%m&Si0f g'/ vlrsK;d tcsi;f csi;f rke;f wD;a&;0g'/ ppfwyfuom v$r;f rd;k &r,fqw kd hJ ppf tm%m&Sipf epf/ oufO;D qHyikd f &Sib f &k ifpepf0g'/ tJ'h 0D g'rsK;d ti,fpm;jzpfwhJ ya'o&mZfòrd@pm;/ &Gmpm;0g'/ (Feudalism) txufuomcef@xm;+yD; wdik ;f oljynfom;qENt&r[kwyf J wdik ;f ol jynfom;awGe@J uif;uGm+yD; rif;pdwaf yguaf ewJh t&m&Sad wGcs,v f , S w f hJ pepfq;kd wrsK;d &Sad e&if trsm;jynfow l @kd qENe@J vkyu f ikd &f wJh 'Dru kd a&pD0g'/ acwfrpm;Edik w f hJ zufqpf0g'/ qifw&l ;kd rSm;awG ay:vmEdik w f ,f? 'D0g'rsK;d awGay:vm&if wkid ;f oljynfom;awG[m vGwv f yfa&;qdw k mudk r&Edik f awmhbl;” “'ga=umifu h saemfw@kd [m 'Dru kd a&pD0g'udk acwfpm;atmifvyk &f r,f 'Dru kd a&pD0g'om vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ qDavsmfw,f 'D0g'om +idrf;csrf;a&;udktm;ay;w,f? tJh'ga=umifh'Drdkua&pD 0g'udo k m usaemfw@kd &nf&, G &f r,f? (1945 ckESpf/ =o*kwfv/ pwkwW t}udrfajrmuf EdkifiHacgif; aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif ¹rGuf=um;onfhar;cGef;rS) trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;rS vGwv f yfaomjrefrmEdik if aH wmfwiG f 'Drkd ua&pD0g'udk usio hf ;kH &eftwGuf zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'udak &;qG&J mY yg0if&rnfh vrf; !$et f qd(k 14)csuu f kd zqyv y%mr jyifqifrn _ v D mcHwiG f 1947 ckEpS /f arv(23)&ufae@Y OD;aqmifcsrw S cf o hJ nf? xdrk w S qifh wdik ;f jyKjynfjyKv$waf wmfo@kd wifoiG ;f cJyh gonf? 1947 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (17)&ufae@wiG f v$waf wmfu ,if;vrf;!$ef tqd(k 14)csurf S (7)csuu f kd twnf jyKcJo h nf? ,if;tcsurf sm; rSm (1) EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'onf “jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf” [kac:wGiaf paom vGwv f yfonfh tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik f orRwEdik if . H zG@J pnf;tkyf

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a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f csKyfykH tajccHOya'jzpfap&rnf? (2) jynfaxmifpEk ikd if aH wmfwiG f zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'uowfrw S af z: jyonfh woD;yk*v ~ jynfe,frsm;/ yg0ifapvsuf (od@k ) owfrw S af z: jyonfh woD;yk*v ~ jynf e,frsm;onf zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'wGif owfrw S af z: jyxm;onfEiS t hf r# udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;tm%m&&Sdap&rnf? (3) tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik v f w G v f yfaom orRwjrefrmEdik if aH wmfEiS w hf uG tygt0if jzpfonfh jynfe,frsm;ESihf tpd;k &tzG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k wd@k . tcGit hf m%m[lor#w@kd onf wdik ;f oljynfom;wd@k xrH S oufqif;ap&rnf? (4) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf. wdik ;f oljynfom;rSeo f r#onf vlra_ &;&mY‚if;/ pD;yGm; a&;Y‚if;/ Edik if aH &;Y‚if;/ w&m;r#wr_&adS pvsuf tqift h wef;tcGit hf a&;ESihf Oya' oufa&mufrw _ @kd wiG f ql}uKHerd jhf rifrh &S/d yuwdwn l aD p&rnft h jyif w&m;Oya'ESihf aomf‚if;/ trsm;jynfow l @kd apmifph nf;tyfaom tusio hf u d mQ ESiahf omf‚if;/ rqef@ usio f r# vGwv f yfpmG }uHpnfyikd cf iG /f h xkwaf z:ajymqdyk ikd cf iG /hf ,H=k unfyikd cf iG /f h bmom w&m;ud;k uG,yf ikd cf iG /f h 0wfðyydik cf iG /hf y&da,oe&SmrD;S ydik cf iG /hf pnf;±H;k ydik cf iG /hf ðyrlaqmif &Guyf ikd cf iG w hf @kd &&Sw d nf+rJap&eftwGuf zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'wGif tcdik t f vHk owfrSwfxm;&Sdap&rnf? (5) zJ@G pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'wGif vlenf;pkrsm;tzk@d vkaH vmufaomumuG,cf suf rsm; xnfo h iG ;f jyXmef;xm;&Sad p&rnf? (6) vGwv f yfaomtcsKyftjcmtm%mykid f orRwjrefrmEkid if . H e,fajrwk@d waygi;f wpnf; wnf; wnfwchH idk +f rJa&;udk vnf;aumif;/ Ekid if aH wmf. =unf;/ a&/ av wd@k ukd tcsKyf tjcmpk;d rd;k tkycf sKyfyikd cf iG u hf v kd nf;aumif;/ w&m;"rREiS w hf uG jynfaxmiftcsi;f csi;f Oya't& xde;f apmifx h m;&Sad p&rnf? (7) &mZ0ifwiG x f if&mS ;cJah om TjrefrmEkid if aH wmfonf urBmwGif rdr. d *k%u f suo f a& ESiahf vsmn f pD mG &oif&h xdu k af omtqift h wef;ok@d a&muf&adS p&rnft h jyif vlowW0g wk@d .wk;d wufa&;ESihf aumif;usK;d csr;f omjynf0h a&;wk@d ukd wm0eftavsmufapwem jzifh tpGr;f ukejf znfph rG ;f xrf;&Guu f m/ jynfaxmiftcsi;f csi;f qkid &f m w&m;"rREiS u hf sihf 0wfou d mQ udt k ajcðy+yD; urBm+h idr;f csr;f a&;udak &SŒ¶_v#uf Ekid if w H umwk@d EiS hf rdw0f wf rysuf wJb G ufy;l aygi;f aqmif&u G rf u _ kd ckid +f rJaomt"dÏmefjzifh apmifx h ed ;f awmht?hH ” (wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;ta&;ESifh 1947 tajccHOya' 'kwd,wGJ pm-459/ 460/ 461 rS) wk@d jzpfygonf? Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;u TtajccHrw l @dk ukd owfrw S &f jcif;rSm trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf _ &&S&d efEiS hf vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm; cHpm;pHpm;Ekid af &;wk@d twGuf jzpfayonf? xk@d aemuf 1947 ckEpS f

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trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u? Ekid if aH wmfz@GJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' ay:xGe;f vm+yD; qk;H ¶_;H cJ&h aom jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;udk 1948 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (4)&ufae@wiG f jyefvnf&,lEidk cf o hJ nf? txufygrrl sm;udt k ajccHI Ekid if aH wmf.tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd Ekid if o H m;wk@d Yomwnf ap+yD;oumv w&m;Oya'ðyr_tm%m/ tkycf sKyfrt _ m%m/ w&m;pD&ifrt _ m%m[laom tm %m}uD;(3)&yfw@dk . tjyeftvSex f ed ;f a=umif;r_udk usio hf ;Hk tyfaom 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH wmf zJ@G pnf; tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ukd OD;atmifqef;/ (&efuek òf rd@rS vrf;rawmfòrd@e,ftrwf) tygt0if v$wf awmftrwf (255)OD;teuf (246)OD; wufa&mufcahJ om wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmf yxrnDvmcH u v$waf wmf.tm%mpufjzifh w&m;0ifaqmif&u G cf =hJ uonf? “Ekid if aH wmfz@GJ pnf;tkycf sKyf ykH tajccHOya' a&;qJaG &;aumfrwD”udk OD;atmifqef; tygt0if (75)OD;jzifzh @GJ pnf;I a&;qJcG +hJ yD; 1947 ckEpS f pufwifbmv(24)&ufae@wiG f “jrefrmEkid if zH @GJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk tajccHOya'”ukd wkid ;f jynfðyv$waf wmfu wnDw!Gww f nf; vufct H wnfðycJ=h uonf? zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'[lonf tpk;d &.tm%mrsm;ESihf jynfov l x l . k cHpm;ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk pkpnf;azmfjyxm;aom tpk;d &ESihf jynfo=l um;/ qufqaH &;ajyjypfacsmarG@ap&ef !‡Ed id_ ;f owfrw S f xm;aom rlrsm;jzpfygonf? ‚if;jyif tpk;d &ESihf jynfov l x l t k =um; csKyfqx dk m;aom yÉd^mOf pmcsKyfvnf;jzpfaoma=umifh jynfow l @dk . tajccHtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk tmrcHcsuaf y;&ygonf? xk@d a=umifh ,if;zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd jynfov l x l t k m;vk;H yg0ifa&;qJEG idk jf cif;r&Sad oma=umifh ‚if;wkd@u a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufvkdufonfh ppfrSefaom ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;uom a&;qGJ=u&yg onf? orkid ;f taxmuftxm;rsm;t& rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k vkyyf idk cf iG t hf m%m (Mandate) tyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&aom jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifzh @GJ pnf;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd a&;qGrJ o S m w&m;0ifru _ kd &&Srd nfjzpfonf? 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if aH wmfopf xlaxmifa&;twGuf t"duxm;+yD; 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD kH 'Dru kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyu JG kd usif;ycJhjcif;jzpfI zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' a&;qGJ a&;[lonfh ordkif;tawG@tóuHt& jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u a&;qGJ&rnfjzpf ouJhodk@ Oya'ta=umif;t&vnf; Tod@k a&;qG&J ef wm0ef&ydS gonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':tmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; 1999 ckEpS f Zlvid_ (f 2)&ufae@ wGif atmufygtwkid ;f ajym=um;cJyh gonf? “ »»» usrwdk@taeeJ@a&m trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfaeeJ@a&m jynfolvlxku vufcHEdkifwJh zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wckudk jynfolxlxkuae+yD; a&G;cs,fwifajr‡muf xm;wJh v$waf wmfuaetwnfjyKrSom usrwd@k vufcrH ,fv@kd ajymjy+yD;om;yg? aemifvmr,fh a&G;aumufyaJG wG/ bmawGqw kd muvnf; usrwd@k 1990 ckEpS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumif txnfraz:oa&$Œ aemifvmr,fha&G;aumufyGJqdkwm usrwdk@xnfh+yD;awmhpOf;pm;p&m

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tusO;f uscH wdik ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csucf si;f v$w?f ta=umif;r&Sdbl;qdkwmvnf; usrwdk@ajym+yD;om;udpPjzpfygw,f?” xd@k a=umifEh ikd if aH wmf+idr0f yfyjd ym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;tzG@J (,ckEikd if aH wmfat;csr;f om ,ma&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;aumifpD)onf jynfol@v$wfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' (Oya'trSwf 14§89) . yk'fr(3)wGif “vGwfawmfudk rJqENe,frsm;rS TOy'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwif ajrmufvdkufaom v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf zGJ@pnf;&rnf”[lonfh jyXmef;csuft& v$waf wmfac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;+yD; tm%mydik w f @kd u 1990 jynfEh pS f Zlvidk v f (27)&ufae@wiG f xkwf jyefcahJ om a=ujimcsuf trSwf (1§90) tyd'k f (20)udk av;pm;vdu k ef m&ef txl;vdt k yfay onf? ,if;a=ujimcsuf tyd'k (f 20)wGi/f “ »»» ,ae@tajctaewGif jynforl sm;u a&G;aumufwifajrmufvu kd af om ud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;onf tem*wf'rD u kd a&pDEikd if aH wmf zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOa'udak &;qG=J u&ef wm 0ef&o dS nfyh *k Kd~ vfrsm;jzpfonf »»» »»»” [k twdtvif;az: jyxm;+yD;jzpfygonf? zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESiyhf wfoufI 'Dru kd a&pDypHk rH sm; twdik ;f oufqikd o f t l m;vH;k aqG;aEG;!SEd id_ ;f =uv#if trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;udk wnf aqmufEikd rf nfjzpfygonf? ordik ;f om"ursm;t& wyfrawmf/ Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d rsm;yg0ifonfh trsK;d om;tiftm;pk}uD;nDnw G pf mG twlwuGy;l aygi;f vufwcJG =hJ uonfh tcg vGwv f yfaomjrefrmEdik if aH wmfukd xlaxmifEikd cf o hJ vdk ,ae@'rD u kd a&pDjynfaxmifpk jrefrm Edik if aH wmfxal xmifa&;twGuf trsK;d om;jyefv f nfoifjh rwfa&;vrf;pOfjzifh aqG;aEG;!SEd id_ ;f tajz rSef&SmEdkif=u&efvdktyfygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f jynfov l x l u k w&m;0ifwcJeuf axmufco H mG ;onfh trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf. acgi;f aqmifjzpfjcif;/ awG@ qHak qG;aEG;a&;ESihf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifh jrwfa&;udk tpueOD; óud;yrf;az:aqmifco hJ jl zpfjcif; EdkifiHa&;t&tay;t,ljyKvkyf+yD; jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;wdk@a=umifh trsdK;om;jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&;ESihf jrefrmhEikd if aH &;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;wGif rvGrJ aoGyg0if&rnfjzpfonf[k trsKd ;om; 'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfu tav;teufc, H yl gonf? xd@k a=umift h rsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfonf vuf&q dS u dk af &mufaeaom Edik if aH &;tajc taeudk &d;k om;pGm "rR"Xd mefususo;kH oyf+yD; jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru kd a&pDtoGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;twGuf t"duuGi;f pufjy\em}uD;jzpfonfh zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'udk 'Dru kd a&pDusiphf Ofrsm;ESihf vdu k f avsmnDaxG jzpfvmEdik af pa&;twGuv f nf;aumif; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; aoG;pnf;nDnw G f a&;ESifh trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; wnfaqmuf&eftwGufvnf;aumif;/ jynfaxmifpk ppfppf Ekid if w H nfaqmufEikd &f efvnf;aumif;/ jynfaxmifp}k uD;r+ydKuJaG &; twGuv f nf;aumif;/ txl;a=ujimcsut f rSw-f 18§09§08 udk xkwjf yefcyhJ gonf? Ta=ujimcsu. f t"duvkyif ef; pOfrmS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf?

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trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u? (1) tm%mydik w f @kd u ‚if;wd@k u, kd w f ikd f jyÏmef;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumuf yGJ Oya'yk'rf -3ESit hf nD 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG wGif tEdik &f &Scd ahJ om Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd tjrefq;kH ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef/ (2) ,if;jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;Hk oyfa&;aumfrwDukd 1990 jynfEh pS af &G;aumufyw GJ iG f tEkid &f Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;/ jynf ol@vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wyfrawmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;/ wkid ;f &if;om;ud, k f pm;vS,rf sm;/ typf tcwf&yfpx J m;aom vufeufuidk t f zJ@G tpnf;rsm;rS ud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;/ zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccH Oya'qdik &f m u|r;f usio f yl nm&Sirf sm;jzifh zJ@G pnf;ay;&ef/ (3) TaumfrwDu zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;Hk oyfa&;vkyif ef;udk (6)vtwGi;f t+yD;aqmif&Guf&ef/” trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. txufygtqkðd ycsurf sm;rSm tm%mykid w f @dk .Ekid if aH &; OD; wnfcsuw f iG yf g0ifaom“w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;”[lonfEiS t hf nD Oya'jyÏmef;csurf sm;t& t}uH ðy&jcif;jzpfygonf? Ta=ujimcsu(f 18)yg tcsurf sm;udk tm%mykid w f @dk taejzifh av;av;euf euf xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;+yD; taumiftxnfazmfay;&ef vkt d yfygonf? tb,fah =umifq h adk omf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;yg0ifjcif;r&Sb d /J jynfaxmifpEk idk if u H kd wnfaqmufEidk jf cif;r&So d vk/d jynf axmifp}k uD;vnf; wnf+idraf t;csr;f om,mr_ &&Srd nfr[kwyf g? ok@d jzpf&m trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyfu trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf taxGaxG o[Zmwjzpfru _ kd a&SŒ±_a&;rlrsm;t& ta=umif;tusK;d nDnw G pf mG t}uHðycJah omzJ@G pnf;ykt H ajc cHOya' jyefvnfo;Hk oyfa&;vkyif ef;udk tm%mykid w f @dk u pDraH qmif&u G af y;&efxyfrI H tav; teufwkdufwGef;vkdufonf? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfwiG f Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @HG òzd;a&;aumifpu D “ppfreS I f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDpepfxeG ;f um;a&;”udv k nf;aumif;/ trsK;d om; 'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfuvnf; “ppfreS af om'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH &;pepf xGe;f um;a&;”udv k nf;aumif;/ OD;wnfaeaoma=umif/h rnfo@dk qakd p rdrw d @dk Eidk if u H kd 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH wmftjzpf wnfaqmuf=u&ef ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf &nf&, G cf sucf si;f wln=D uonf[q k &dk ygrnf? xk@d a=umifh Ekid if aH &;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh udp&P yfrsm;wGif 'Dru dk a&pDtajccHrrl sm;t&om aqmif&u G o f ifyh gonf? wkid ;f jynfwiG f ,ae@vufiif; trSew f u,fawG@óuH&ifqikd af e&aom Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;paom Ekid if . H taxGaxG tusyt f wnf;rsm;ukd wyfrawmf/ Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ wkid ;f &if; om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;/ tygt0if trsK;d om;tiftm;pktm;vk;H onf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;/ vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGif;rS twlwuGyl;aygif;ajz&Sif;=u&ef EkdifiHwumtajctaeESifh jynfwGif; tajctaersm;uvnf; awmif;qdkae+yDjzpfygonf? EkdifiHawmfzJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'vkyfief;

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udrk if;udEk ikd f tygt0if ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csucf si;f v$w?f pOfrsm;ESihf jrefrmEkid if t H oGiu f ;l ajymif;a&; vkyif ef;pOfrsm;wGif oufqidk o f rl sm;tm; (All Indu f mvowfrw S I f awG@qaHk qG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f tajz&Sm=urSomv#if Ekid if aH &; clusive ) yg0if+yD; tcse wnf+idr+f yD; pD;yGm;a&;vnf; zG@H òzd;wk;d wufvmEkid rf nfjzpfygonf? ok@d ygI trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;udk OD;wnfonfEh idk if aH &;tESpo f m&jynf0h onfh awG@qaHk qG;aEG;yJrG sm; txajrmufatmifjrifap&ef Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òzd;a&; aumifpDu wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfa&; ae@xl;ae@jrwf}uD;wGif EkdifiHa&;ywf0ef;usif tajctae aumif;rsm;ukd zefw;D ay;&ef txl;vkt d yfayonf? xk@d a=umifh (u) jynfaxmifpo k rRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf zJ@G pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' (2008) onf pwiftm %mwnfjcif;r&Sad o;aoma=umifh jyefvnfo;Hk oyfEikd af &;twGuf Ekid if aH wmfat; csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zH@G òzd;a&;aumifpu D rdrw d @dk u, kd w f idk f jyXmef;xm;onfh jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyOGJ ya'/ xkwjf yefxm;onfh a=ujimcsurf sm;ESihf tnD 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufy&GJ v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfonft h aejzifh jynfo@l vw $ f awmfudk tjrefq;Hk ac:,l zJ@G pnf;ay;&ef/ (c) rdrEd idk if w H iG f 'Dru dk a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef tpOfwpku d f óud;yrf;tm;xkwrf _ rsm;a=umifh aetdrrf sm;wGif xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae=u&aom trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf 'kw, d OuUX OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r–; a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@dk tm; ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;&ef/ (*) wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; ryg0ifbJ ppfreS af om'Dru kd a&pD jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H awmfukd wnfaqmufEidk rf nf r[kwaf oma=umifh &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf OuUX cGex f eG ;f OD;/ twGi;f a&;r–; pkid ;f nGe@f viG Ef iS hf tjcm;wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif rsm;tm; jypf'%fuscaH e&jcif;rS ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;&ef/ (C) rdrw d @dk . Ekid if aH &;,k=H unfcsuaf =umifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif; jypf'%fcsjcif;cHae =u&aom q&mawmf/ oHCmawmft&Sio f jl rwfrsm;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m; vS,rf sm;/ 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ponfh Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vk;H wk@d ukd uef@ owfcsurf sm;r&Sb d J ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;&ef/ (i) rdrw d @dk . Ekid if aH &;,k=H unfcsuaf =umifh jypf'%fusjcif;cHae=u&aom rif;ukEd ikd /f udu k }kd u;D ponfh (88)rsK;d qufausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; tm;vk;H udk ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk v$wfay;&ef/ (p) Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;Oya'ESit hf nD w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom trsK;d om; 'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. tqifq h ifah om pnf;¶k;H a&;tzJ@G ¶;Hk rsm;ukd Oya'ESin hf n D w G jf cif; r&Sb d J acwW[q k +dk yD; ,ae@txd ig;ESpaf usmo f nfw h idk f umv&Sn=f umpGm csw d yf w d f xm;jcif;rS tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfziG v hf pS af y;&efEiS hf vGwv f yfpmG pnf;¶k;H v_y&f mS ;cGirhf sm;ay;

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trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u? &ef/ (q) 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw GJ iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydif tEkid f &&Scd +hJ yD;zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cHxm;=u&aom wkid ;f &if;om;Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;tygt0if Ekid if H a&;ygwrD sm;udk jyefvnfrw S yf w Hk ifciG ahf y;I vGwv f yfpmG pnf;¶k;H v_y&f mS ;cGirhf sm;ay;&ef? wk@d ukd Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@òH zd;a&;aumifpu D wdik ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l x l k tusK;d udk a&S;¶_I vufawG@aqmif&u G af y;&ef TvGwv f yfa&;ae@}u;D wGif av;eufpmG awmif;qkd a=umif; a=ujimvku d o f nf? 17-12-08 ae@wiG f usi;f yaom A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G . tpnf;ta0; qk;H jzwfcsut f &? A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf &efuek òf rd@

“usaemfw‹dk u Ekid if aH &;vkyw f t hJ cg-uawmh w,loefz‹dk / acgif;rmzk‹d qw dk m r[kwfygbl;? odk‹aomf usaemfwkd‹qkyfukdifxm;wJh tajccHrl0g'awG/ tajccH oabmw&m;awGudkawmh usaemfwkd‹u pGef‹v$wf_yD;/ ypfy,f_yD; olrsm;ckdif;wkdif;/ olrsm;ac:wkid ;f roGm;Ekid yf gbl;? xyfxyf_yD; tajctaeopfawG ay:aygufvmjcif; r&Sb d eJ ‹J q&dk ifawmh a&SŒtvm;tvmuvnf; tawmfawmhre+ 0f g;aewJ/h arS;rSed w f hJ taetxm;rSm &Sad eygw,f? arS;rSed rf mS a-umufwmwckwnf;eJ‹awmh usaemfw‹dk awGtukev f ;Hk u olw‹dk ajcovk;H zufv‹dk awmh r&awmhb;l ? 'Dvrf;udak v#mufq_dk yD; awmh usaemfw‹dk udk ezm;óud;wyfqaJG c:wkid ;f vnf; usaemfw‹dk rvku d Ef idk af wmhb;l ??”” OD;0if;wif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf

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rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom &[ef; oHCmawmfrsm;tm; csucf si;f v$w?f

trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRACY (Liberated Area)

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&ufp-JG 2009 ckEpS f / Zefe0g&v D (4) &uf? ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

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&maumif;onfh trSew f &m;jzpfonf? tpd;k &aumif;[lonf Edik if aH &;pepfwck . &v'foufouf r[kwyf g? tpd;k &aumif; wckay:ayguf&efta&;rSm vlr_tzGJ@tpnf; w&yftwGif; tajccHwefzdk;xm;r_rsm;ESifh cGJjcm;I r&Edkifavmufatmif wom;wnf; qufpyfaeygonf? Edik if w H ckukd jyefvnfwnf aqmuf&mwGif vl@wefb;kd udk jrifrh m;wd;k wuf vmatmif pGr;f aqmifEikd jf cif;r&Sv d #if vGwv f yf a&;qdo k nfrmS Edik if o H m;rsm;tzd@k ydrk jkd yD;jynfph kH onfh b0&yfwnf&iS o f efa&;[k owfrw S v f @kd &Edik rf nf r[kwaf y? jrefrmEdik if w H iG f ud, k yf ikd f tkycf sKyfciG u hf kd &mpkEpS w f 0ufwikd af tmif &&Sad e +yD;jzpfaomfvnf; tpdk;&aumif;jzpfa&;[l onfh arsmv f ifch suu f / ryDjyifonft h em*wf rSm b,fqb D ,f0,far#mrf eS ;f vd@k r&Ekid af vmuf atmif 0d;k w0g;&Sad eqJyifjzpf+yD; wdro f vm;zH;k vGrf;aeonf? “trSew f u,fawmh pHxm;&rnfh tpd;k &qdw k m pd;k rd;k tkycf sKyfr_ tenf;qH;k jzpf&r,f? jynfolvlxkudk bmwpfckrS vkyfydkifcGifhcsefr xm;wmudk udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;vdk@rac:bl;? 'g[m igw@kd vuf&t dS qift h wef;twdik ;f xde;f odrf;apmifha&SmufcHtqifhyJ[k *END}uD;ua&; om;cJhzl;ygonf? txufygpmom;udk 1925 ckESpfwGif a&;om;cJhaomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH.vuf&Sdt ajctaersm;ESifh rsm;pGmqDavsmfaeygonf?

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onf vGepf mG rSoifah v#myf gonf? tdE, dN Edik if H ESif u h rBmw0ef;rS vli,frsm;udk r*Fvm&Sad om ESpo f pfEiS &hf mpkEpS o f pfrmS aysm&f i$ cf sr;f ajr‹Eikd =f u ygap? +idrf;csrf;om,mr_&SdEdkif=uygap[k qk awmif;arwWm yd@k ovdu k yf gonf? atmifqef;pk=unf 1997 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv(1)&uf

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15

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17

a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f r,f? qdkvdkcsifwmu jynfolawGeJ@yl;aygif; r,f/ jynfyrSm&Sad ewJjh ynfoal wG Edik if aH &;tif tm;pkawGeJ@yl;aygif;r,f? wa=umif;wnf; aomvrf;udkav#muf=ur,fqdk&if EdkifiH&JŒt ajymif;tvJu2009 xJrSmvnf;jzpfvmEdkif w,f? reufjzefvjJ zpfvmEdik w f ,f? obufcg vJjzpfvmEdik w f ,f? tJ'gu usaemfw@kd &ŒJ ar#mf vifhcsufygyJ? _yD;cJhwJh 2008 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHa&;v+yf&Sm;r+xJrS wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl i ,f a wG & J Œ v+ y f & S m ;r+ t ay: tm;&auseyfr+ wckajymygqdk&if NY-Forum rS cGerf if;Edik t f aeeJ‹ bmudak jymcsiyf govJ? +yD;cJhwJh2008ckESpfrSm wdkif;&if;om;vl i,fawGe@J ywfouf wJh tm;&auseyfr_ wckudk ajym&r,f qd&k if wdik ;f &if;om; vli,fawG Edik if aH &; e,fy,ftoD;oD; rSm vl}uD;awGe@J &if abmifwef; ae&m ,lvy_ &f mS ;vmonf omru jynfwiG ;f / jynfy vlxpk nf;±H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk tm;óud; rmef w uf vk y f a qmif v m=uwmawG @ &yg w,f// aemuf+y;D 2008 ckEpS rf mS qd&k if wdik ;f &if; om;vli,fawG[m ordik ;f 0ifetz ppftpd;k &&JŒ twkta,mif jynfolqENcH,lyGJudk jrefrm jynfwjynfvHk; wdkif;&if;om;a'oygrusef uef u h u G rf x J nf0h ifa&; vlxv k y_ &f mS ;r_}uD;udk us,fus,fjyef@jyef@yJ v_yf&Sm;EdkifwmawG@&

18

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19

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20

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21

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22

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vnf;ajymvk@d &ygw,f? bmjzpfv@dk vq J adk wmh &Sad ewmuk;d ? (6˜000) uae (7˜000) jzpfae wmuk;d ? ok@d aomfvnf; 'Djy\emukd usaemf wkd@pOf;pm;wJhtcgrSm au|;zkd@arG;zkd@wif+yD;wm r[kwfbl;? vlqw dk mu xrif;pm;¶keH @J vnf;+yD;wm r[kwb f ;l ? vlaygi;f oef; (7˜000) avmuf jzpf vmwJt h cgrmS b,fvv dk yk &f r,fv@dk pOf;pm;wJh olawG odyyH` nm&Siaf wG&ydS gw,f? ok@d aomf vl qkw d mu vljzpfvm&if aezk@d xidk zf @dk t;dk tdraf wG vkdvmr,f? vlawGeJ@ywfoufaewJhudpPawG ukd xnfph Of;pm;&rSmjzpfygw,f? aumif;+yD urBm }uD;[m 'Dvv dk al ygi;f oef;aygi;f (9˜000) qkw d hJ taetxm;ukd a&mufvm&if olwkd@aexkdif touf&iS zf @dk wk;d +yD;vkyv f m=ur,f? tJ't D cg o,HZmwawG &Sm;yg;vmr,f? Oyrm a&eHqdk &if &Sm;vk@d yjJ zpfjzpf/ vkyif ef;&Si}f uD;rsm;u okd avSmifvkd@jzpfjzpf vmr,fhESpfaygif; (100) awmifcyH grh vm;qkw d hJ jy\emay:vmw,f? tjcm;jcm;aom o,HZmwrsm;vnf; 'Dvydk ?J &Sm;yg;jcif;/ ukecf ef;jcif;qkw d mawG &Sv d mrSmjzpf w,f? tckajymcJhovkd urBm}uD;&JŒtem*wf ukd rSe;f qcsuaf wGe@J odyy`H nm&Siaf wG&ŒJ awGŒ&Sd csuaf wG[m pdwyf sut f m;i,frr_ &Sb d ;l vk@d qkd aomfjim;vnf; urBm}uD;&JŒ tem*wf[m r_ef 0g;vsu&f adS ewmukd awGŒ&rSmjzpfw,f? 'g[m urBm&JŒtem*wfq&dk ifvnf;rrSm;bl;? pD;yGm; a&;uyfawG vl@tcGit hf a&;tajctaeawGudk òcH+yD;=unf&h if urBm&JŒtem*wf[m yk+d yD;pk;d &drf p&mawG&w dS ,fqw dk mudk awGŒ&rSmjzpfygw,f? bmyJajymajym tem*wfuawmh &Sad erSmjzpf

23

a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f dk m ppfwyf&ŒJ zdEydS rf a_ wG/ csKyfcs,f ygw,f? 'g[mvnf; aemufxyfjzpfay:vm ajymif;vJz@dk qw r,fh vli,fawGu qufvuf+yD;&ifqidk o f mG ; r_awGudk vlwidk ;f odygw,f? jrefrmjynf&ŒJ tem *wf[mvnf; usaemf apmapmuajymovkd &r,fh jy\emvnf;jzpfaeygw,f? jrefrmjynf&ŒJ tem*wfudk ppf,Eœ&m; }uD;pk;d xm; urBm}u;D &JŒtem*wfvydk J ppftm%m&Sipf epf&ŒJ qJt&dyfrnf;}uD;v$r;f rk;d aewmukd awGŒ&rSmjzpfyg aemufwcku usaemfwkd@ Armjynf&JŒ w,f? tem*wfyg? Armjynf&JŒ tem*wfeJ@ywf Armjynf&JŒtem*wfqkdwm Armjynf ouf+yD; ajym&r,fq&dk ifawmh trsm;}uD;yJ? wGi;f rSm aexkid =f uwJv h il ,fawG }uHKawGŒ&r,fh 'DxrJ mS usaemfw@dk Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;awGudk tem*wfjzpfaeygw,f? tJ'gawGukd n‡Ed id_ ;f zk@d awmh usaemfrajymcsiyf gb;l ? usaemfajymcsif vkyd gw,f? aqG;aEG;zk@d vydk gw,f? 'Dae@ reufjzef wmuawmh tem*wfta=umif;ygy?J usaemf qko d vkd 'Dru dk a&pD[m bGm;ceJay:vmrSmr[kwf wk@d vGecf w hJ t hJ ESpEf pS q f ,fu ar#mrf eS ;f cJw h hJ t ygb;l ? 'gucdk ifAsm;wk@d vnf; odrmS ygy?J awG;rd=u em*wfuvnf; ppftpk;d &&JŒzdEydS rf e_ @J tkycf sKyf r,fxifygw,f? r_e@J qkw d mawGe@J yJ &ifqidk af e&w,f? teft,fvf'D&JŒ tem*wfvnf;r_ef0g;aeaemuf x yf t ES p f E S p f q ,f q k d w muk d quf+yD; tzGJŒcsKyfvli,fawGukd tef ar#mrf eS ;f =unhaf wmhvnf; 'Dppfwyfqw dk hJ ppf t,fvf'D&JŒtem*wfukd enf;enf;ajymcsifyg ,Eœ&m;}uD;uvnf; b,fvrdk S yDyjD yifjyifacsm w,f? ajymcsiw f ,fqadk yr,fh ajymp&mvnf; acsmarGŒarGŒajymif;vJvmr,fh taetxm; rsm;rsm;pm;pm;r&Syd gb;l ? bmjzpfv@dk vq J adk wmh qkdwm rjrif&ao;ygbl;? 'g[mpdwfysufzkd@ teft,fv'f eD @J uif;uGmaewmuvnf; =um ajymwmr[kwfygbl;? okd@aomf bmyJajym +yDqadk wmh bmawGjzpfaew,fqw dk mukd wdwd ajym t&Sw d &m;u t&Sw d &m;ygy?J vGecf w hJ hJ ususawmh rodb;l ? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtwGif;rSmyJ 'Dppftm%m&Sif usaemfreS ;f vk@d &oavmufuawmh urBm ukd ajz&Si;f zk@d trsm;}uD;}udK;yrf;cJ=h uw,f? Oy &JŒtem*wfvkd/ jrefrm&JŒtem*wfvkd/ tef rmqk&d if ppftm%m&Si, f Eœ&m;}uD;u 'Dru dk t,fv'f &D ŒJ tem*wfuvnf; tawmfurdk e_ f a&pDukd a&mhtifq h +dk y;D awmh ay;rSmr[kwyf gb;l ? 0g;vsu&f w dS ,fqw dk mukad wmh ajymcsiyf gw,f? ok@d aomf tjcm;tjcm;aom taqmufttkH 'g[m pdwyf sujf cif;/ tqk;d jrifjcif; pwJh tjrif awG/ ppfwyfe@J ywfoufwhJ tzGŒJ tpnf;awG/ awGtay:rSm tajcrcHygb;l ? ppfwyfe@J qidk w f v hJ yk if ef;awG tjcm;jcm;aom usaemfw@dk txJrmS touf (100)ausmf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;}uD;rsm;uvnf; ppfwyf&JŒ aeEdkifwJholawG &SdEdkifygw,f? &SdOD;awmhvnf; tkyfcsKyfr_ukd cHae&wJhtajctaersdK;rSm us olwkd@&JŒOD;aqmifEkdifr_qkdwm trsm;}uD;avsmh aemfw@dk [m csucf si;f ajymif;vJz@dk qw dk m rjzpf vmrSmjzpfygw,f? ok@d aomf zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf a_ wG Ekdifygbl;? jrefrmjynfrSm 'Drkdua&pDtpkd;& a=umifv h nf; olw@dk qrD mS qufvuf+yD;awmh

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trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u? &Sio f efEidk pf rG ;f enf;w,fv@dk 'Dae@wufa&muf vmwJhvli,frsm; pOf;pm;rd=urSmyJ? EkdifiHa&; qkw d muvnf; aºuGwvSnhf =uufwckeq f w dk hJ oabmvnf; &Sw d maygAh sm? 'DrmS teft,fvf 'D&ŒJ taetxm;ukd =unfrh ,fq&dk if tm;vk;H od=uwJt h wkid ;f yJ/ a&SŒESpt f enf;i,fq&dk if jy \emawGtrsm;}uD;eJ@ &ifqidk &f awmhr,f? tJ'v D jdk y\emawGxrJ mS tajccHOya' eJ@ywfoufwhJ oabmxm;awG/ ok;H oyfp&m&Sd wmawG 'gawGudk b,fvkdajz&Sif;rvJqkdwm awG/ b,fvt dk ajzay:rvJqw dk mawGukd pOf; pm;=u&awmhrSmjzpfw,f? wcg tJ'DtajccH Oya'uaeayguzf mG ;vmr,fh ygwt D zGŒJ tpnf; rSwfykHwifzkd@udpPawG 'guawmhxm;vkdufyg awmh? 'g[mvnf; tajccHOya'qkdif&mudpP awGudk tqifq h ifah qmif&u G rf a_ y:rSm quf+yD; aqmif&u G &f r,fu h pd aP wG jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh csefxm;vkd@r&wJhudpPu b,fvkdyJajymajym ygwaD wG rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;udpyP jJ zpfygw,f? tJ'aD wmh teft,fv'f &D ŒJ taetxm; uvnf; tenf;eJ@trsm;jy\emawmh rao; bl;vk@d ? 'g[mvnf; tajccHOya'eJ@ wG&J ufyg vmwJyh gwaD wG w&m;0if&yfwnfyidk cf iG ehf @J vnf; qkid af ew,f? b,fvydk aJ jymajym teft,fvf 'D&JŒ taetxm;[mvnf; jy\emawGt rsm;}uD;eJ@ &ifqidk zf @dk &ydS gw,f? ok@d aomf b,fvdk yJjzpfjzpf wu,fv@dk Ekid if aH a&;jy\emawGudk ajz&Si;f vku d v f @dk usaemfw@dk ygwu D Ekid if aH wmf&ŒJ Ekid if aH &;&m v_y&f mS ;r_awG[m taumiftxnf ay:vmr,f/ yg0if+yD;awmh ouf0ifv_yf&Sm; vmr,fq&dk ifawmifrS jy\emawGtrsm;}uD; yJv@dk xifygw,f?

wkdif;jynfjy\emawG usefao;-

tJ'jD y\emawG[mvnf; vli,fawG &ifqkdifoGm;&r,fh jy\emawGjzpfaew,f? teft,fv'f &D ŒJ jy\emvk@d vnf;ajymvk@d r& ygb;l ? 'g[m trsKd ;om;a&;jy\emvnf;jzpf w,f? wcsed rf mS &Sad ewJjh y\emawGudk tef t,fv'f rD mS yg0ifaewJv h il ,fawGu ukid w f , G f D ajz&Si;f oGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f? teft,fv'f t aeeJ@ ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh Edik if aH &;jy\ emawGukd ajz&Sif;vkd@ajyvnfoGm;&ifawmif wkdif;jynftwGuf jy\emawGu&Sdaeao; w,f? wkid ;f jynftwGuq f w dk mu usaemf apm apmu ajymoGm;ovkd pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlra_ &;/ Ekid if aH &;jy\emawG[m trsm;}uD; ajz&Si;f p&mawG &Sad eao;w,f? 'gawGuv kd nf; vli,fawG[m rv$rJ aoG &ifqidk =f u&rSmjzpfyg w,f? tJ'aD wmh 'Dupd [ P m acgi;f xJrmS xnfh +yD;awmh pOf;pm;=u&r,fu h pd jP zpfw,f qkw d m ukd ajymcsiyf gw,f? r_ef0g;wJhtem*wfukd ajz&Sif;zkd@wm0ef&Sdtck usaemfajymcJw h t hJ csuaf wGudk t ajccHpOf;pm;&if vli,fawG&JŒtem*wf[m ajymp&mrsm;rsm;pm;pm; ruseaf wmhygb;l ? vl i,fawG[m urBm&JŒtem*wfjzpfovkd wkid ;f jynf&JŒtem*wfukdvnf; vli,fawGyJukdif wG,&f rSmjzpfovk/d teft,fv'f &D ŒJ tem*wf ukv d nf; vli,fawGuyJ ukid w f , G =f u&rSmjzpf ygw,f? csKyfvkduf&if r_ef0g;aomurBm&JŒtem *wf/ r_e0f g;aomwkid ;f jynf&ŒJ tem*wf/ r_e0f g; aomteft,fv'f &D ŒJ tem*wf tJ'gawGukd vl i,fawGomv#if ajz&Sif;=u&rSmjzpfygw,f?

25

tmZmenfyk*d~KvfwdkŒ. vkyfief;udk qHk;cef;wdkif qufvufI aqmif&Guf&rnf? teft,fvf'Dvli,fawG[m tjcm;omref vli,fawGxufpm&if 'Drdkua&pDa&;rSm t awGŒt}uHKvnf;&Sw d ,f/ tpOftvmvnf;&Sd w,f? tJ'Dawmh 'DtpOftvmawGukdukdif wG,+f yD; 'DtpOftvmawGtwkid ;f &yfwnf+yD; jy\emawGudk ajz&Sif;oGm;&rSmvnf;jzpf w,fvkd@,lqygw,f? tzGJŒtpnf; avmif;&dyf-

'gbmjzpfv@dk usaemf ajym&ovJq&dk if vli,fawGupd u P dk pOf;pm;wJt h cgrmS tzGŒJ t pnf;twGif;rSm&SdwJh vli,fawG[m tzGJŒt pnf;&JŒavmif;&dyf[m wcgwavrSmoGm;+yD; awmh xk;d aewmawG&w dS wfygw,f? tJ'aD wmh tzGJŒtpnf;awGuvnf; owdxm;&rSmu vli,ftzGŒJ tpnf;qkw d m ckid ;f wmvkyzf @dk Ed@k r@dk &ifvnf; tiftm;jyzk@d avmufyJ oabmxm; vk@d r&ygb;l ? 'Dvil ,ftzGŒJ tpnf;qkw d m tzGŒJ tpnf;wckv;Hk &JŒ acgi;f aqmifrt _ pdwt f ykid ;f wckjzpfaew,fv@dk oabmxm;&r,f? 'Dvrdk S omv#if vli,fawGtaeeJ@ acgi;f aqmifawG ukyd sK;d axmifay;jcif;/ acgi;f aqmifaumif;jzpf zkd@jr‡ifhwifwm0efay;jcif;/ acgif;aqmiftqifh qifh pGw J ifjr‡iw hf ifjcif;qkw d hJ pDrrH t _ qifq h ifu h dk aqmif&Gufr_ykHpHay:rSmjzpfygw,f? tJ'Dawmh tzGJŒtpnf;wkdif; tzGJŒtpnf;wkdif;taeeJ@ apmapmuajymcJhovkd avmif;&dyfrdwwfwJh oabmw&m;&Sw d wfaomfjim;vnf; tzGŒJ t pnf;rSm rSeu f efwo hJ abmxm;&S&d if 'Dvil ,f awG[m b,fawmhrS ao;odro f mG ;rSmr[kwf ygb;l ? 'gvnf;yJ oabmaygux f m;&r,fh t csufwcsufjzpfygw,f?

26

pnf;urf;&SdwJh 'Drkdua&pDr[kwf-

vli,ftzGJŒzGJŒpnf;zkd@pOf;pm;wJhtcgrSm &J&ifjh cif;/ ZG&J &dS r,f? ZGq J w dk muvnf; tm;vk;H od=uwJt h wkid ;f yJ pGpJ +JG rJ+rJvyk w f ,f? tm;oGef cGepf u dk v f yk w f ,fqw dk ZhJ rJG sKd ;/ rmefqw dk mvnf; &S&d r,f? ta&;t}uD;qk;H tcsuu f awmh pnf; urf;&Sdjcif;yJ? a':pk&JŒaumif;aomt&nft csif;awGxJrSm pnf;urf;vnf;yg0ifygw,f? a':pk[m pnf;urf;ukw d efz;dk xm;w,f/ olrsm; ukdvnf; pnf;urf;&Sdapcsifw,f? tJ'Dawmh usaemfwŒdk [m 'Dtcsed rf mS pnf;urf;ta=umif; ukd a':pkudk wnf+yD;ajym&wmvnf;raumif; bl;/ awmf=um a':pkyg pnf;urf;&Sad om 'Dru dk a&pDxyJ gomG ;rSmvnf; pk;d &wmuk;d ? vli,fawGukd usaemfajymcsifwmu pnf;urf;eJ@ywfoufv@dk awmh tav;xm;yg? a':pkrmS apmapmuajymwJh &J&ifjh cif;/ ZGaJ umif; jcif;/ Om%fynmjrifrh m;jcif; pwJh tcsuaf wG tjyif pnf;urf;&Sjd cif;qkw d mu ta&;t}uD; qk;H wckvjdk zpfaew,f? 'gawGudk t+rJwrf;pHe rlem,lyg? a':pk&ŒJ aumif;jcif;awGudk avhvm yg? 'g[mvnf; vli,fawG tem*wfukd&if qkid w f t hJ cgrmS 'gawG[m taumif;qk;H pHðy& r,ft h &mawGvnf; jzpfygw,f? tem*wfukd azmufxGuf=uyg-

tem*wfudk OD;aqmifr,fh vli,fawG taeeJ@ wcgwav awG;wJhac:wJhae&mrSm xGuaf yguq f w dk phJ um;ukd ajym=uw,f? us aemfw@dk xGuaf ygub f ,frmS vJ/ xGuaf yguu f dk b,fvkdvkyfrvJ ponfjzifh xGufaygufudpP awGudk c%c%=um;vm&w,f? 'Dawmh t em*wfukd&ifqkdifwJhtcg ckeuajymovkdvl

trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u? i,fawG&ifqidk &f r,fh tem*wftvGeu f dk cuf cJeufew J hJ taetxm;rSm&Sad ew,f? tJ'v D dk xGuaf ygux f uf yk+d yD;ta&;}uD;wmu azmuf xGuzf @dk yjJ zpfygw,f? azmufxu G zf @dk updk Of;pm; =uyg? azmufukdxGuf&r,fhtem*wfvkd@ us aemfjrifw,f? tJ'aD wmh t+rJwrf;xGuaf yguf ukcd sn;f pOf;pm;raebJ azmufxu G zf @dk pOf;pm; apcsiyf gw,f? 'g[m yk+d yD;ta&;}uD;ygw,fv@dk ajym&if; ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f?

rsm;udkifI ,ae@ae@vnfu +idrf;csrf;pGmcsD wuf v rf ; av#muf v mpOf v$ w f a wmf a &S @ ta&mufY vkHxdef;um;rsm;jzifh ydwfqdk@&kduf ESuzf rf;qD;oGm;a=umif; od&&dS ygonf? vuf urf;ykpd wmrsm;vnf; jzef@a0cJah =umif;od&ydS g &onf? udrk if;odr;f u xGuaf jy;onfukd tJ'D

teft,fvf'Dvli,fukd;OD; _idrf;csrf;pGmvrf;av#mufqENjyaepOf vkx H ed ;f rS ±ku d Ef u S zf rf;qD;cH& aumifudk zrf;¶ku d [ f q k u kd m vkx H ed ;f rsm;u eH ygww f w k rf sm;jzifh OD;acgi;f tm; ¶ku d Ef u S zf rf;qD; udx k eG ;f xGe;f 0if; (prf;acsi;f vli,f vkyif ef;tzJ@G ac:aqmifomG ;onf? vkx H ed ;f rsm;ESit hf wl t wm0efcH 1 ESihf &efuek w f ikd ;f vli,f tultnD &yf0wfrsm;vnf; [kid ;f vwfum;wpfp;D tjynfh ay;a&;tzJG@0if) ygonf? NLD-LA (AUS) udjk ynfjh ynfh (prf;acsmif;vli,fvyk if ef;tzJ@G 0if) rxufxufO;D a0 (a&$jynfomvkyif ef;tzJ@G 0if) ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ udk&JeDpkd;(prf;acsmif;vli,fvkyfief;tzJG@0if) aumif;xufvid _ (f prf;acsmif;vli,fvyk if ef;tzJ@G0if) oufxeG ;f armif(prf;acsmif;vli,fvyk if ef;tzJ@G 0if) “&ifudkzGifhI &Sifoefygg”” 0if ; jrif h a tmif ( c)yJ ð ywf (c&rf ; vl i ,f ) =oif ajymcsi&f mudk ajymvdu k yf g? atmifòzd;a0(prf;acsmif;vli,fvyk if ef;tzJ@G 0if) =oif vkycf si&f mudk vkyv f u kd yf g? rif;odrf; =oifh&ifxJuqENawGudk “oif&h ifxu J qENawGukd b,fvt dk &m b,ft&mu wm;qD;xm;&rvJ? u wm;qD;EdkifrvJ/ oifajymcsif&m zGifhajym =&ifuzkd iG I hf &Sio f efyg? vkdufyg” a':atmifqef;pk=unf"gwyf EHk iS hf ydpk wm 'DZifbmv (30)&uf2008

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trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) ESihf XmecGrJ sm;. v+yf&Sm;r+yHk&dyfrsm;

D eftrwfEiS ahf wG@qkH NLD(LA) rS acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf Burma Campaign UK rS tD;,lygvr

NLD(LA) *syefXmecGJ.

NLD(LA)

(61) ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;tem;

rav;&Sm;XmecGJ. (61) ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;ae@tcrf;tem;

P.O BOX - 34, Mae Sot P.O, Tak 63110,Thailand Email: [email protected]

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