Shwekhamauk _100

pmapmif trSwfpOf (100)

2009 ckEpS /f -o*kwv f (30) &uf?

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trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRACY (Liberated Area)

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A[dak umfrwD trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) &ufpJG - 2009 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (11) &uf?

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a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh twlaetrsKd;orD; (2) OD;wk@d tm; w&m;pGq J ckd yhJ gw,f? xkd@aemuf =o*kwf (11) &ufwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfwkd@ukd tif;pdef txl; w&m;±k;H u tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (3) ESppf D csrw S cf +hJ y;D etz t}u;D tuJu aetdrt f us,f csKyf (18)v uscaH p&efEiS hf rlvw&m;±k;H rS csrw S f cJah om jypf'%fw0ufukd qkid ;f iHjh ypf'%ftjzpf xm;&S&d ef jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D rSwqifh trde@f xw k f cJyh gw,f? ,ckt,lcw H ifoiG ;f jcif;onf tif;pdef txl;w&m;±k;H rS csrw S cf ahJ om tvkyEf iS hf axmif '%f (3)ESpf w&m;pD&ifrt _ wGuf t,lcw H ifoiG ;f jcif;jzpf+yD; etzppftpk;d &u xyfru H ef@owf xm;aom aetdrt f us,cf sKyf (18)vESihf ouf qkid jf cif; r&Sad y? xk@d a=umifh t,lcH atmifrnfqv dk #if vnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk aetdrt f us,f csKyf (18)vjzifh etzu xde;f odr;f xm;OD;rnf jzpfygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ qufo,f&ef  [email protected] www.nldla.net.P.O Box (34) Mae Sot,Tak 63110.

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rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ; vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESihf 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;tm; vH;k u ,H=k unftm;ud;k tm;xm;Ekid o f v l nf; jzpfygw,f? a=unmcsu&f ŒJ ed*;kH ydik ;f rSm 'Dpum;vk;H awGtwkdif; vufawG@jzpfvmatmif a': atmifqef;pk=unfe@J Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;awG udk v$waf y;+yD; aqG;aEG;yJaG wGvyk zf @dk wku d w f eG ;f xm;ygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ,cktr_ pD&ifcsucf srw S o f nhf (11)&uf/ (8) v/ 2009ESpf wGif rdrt d aejzifh jrefrmEkid if H +idr;f csr;f wnf+idrf a&;twGuf aqmif&u G cf iG &hf vdrrhf nf[k vnf; aumif;/ urBm}uD;+idr;f csr;f a&;ESifh zG@H òzd;wk;d wuf a&;twGuf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G cf iG hf &vdrrhf nf [kvnf;aumif;/ ar#mv f ifah =umif;wd@k ukd w&m; cGio f @kd vma&muf=uonfh oHwrefrsm;tm; xkwaf zmfajym=um;cJo h nf[k =um;od&ygw,f? xkd@a=umifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf onf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoihjf rwfa&;ESifh jrefrmh Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef; pOfrsm;wGif rvGrJ aoGyg 0if&ef vdt k yfygonf? od@k ygI Ekid if aH wmf at;csr;f om,m a&;ESifh zG@H +zdK;a&;aumifpt D aejzifh wdik ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l x l . k tusK;d pD;yGm;udk a&S@±I _ awG@qkH aqG;aEG;=u&efEiS hf trsK;d om; jyefvnfoifjh rwf a&;wk@d ukd apmv#ipf mG taumiftxnfazmf ay;yg&efEiS hf a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k wd@k ukd ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd jyefvw $ af y;a&;twGuf taxGaxGvw G +f idr;f csr;f omcGiu hf kd tjrefq;kH xkwjf yefay;yg&ef wdu k f wGe;f E_;d aqmfxm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

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tkycf sKyfa&;tm%mok;H um a':atmifqef;pk-unftm; tus,cf sKyfcsvu kd af -umif; teft,fv'f aD jym

NEJ, Aug 12,2009

a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; jypfrq _ ikd f &musix hf ;Hk Oya' yk'rf (401)t& pnf;urf;csuf rsm;xm;+yD; etzppftpd;k &u aetdrt f us,f csKyf xm;vdu k jf cif;jzpfa=umif; teft,fv'f D ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vfwOD;jzpfol OD;O%f0if;u tckvkd ajymjyygw,f? ‚if;u “rae@u w&m;±k;H u trde@f cs wmuawmh (3) ESpfaygh? a':cifcif0if;a&m/ a':0if;rra&m (3) ESpfaygh/ 'Dtrdef@awGcs+yD; w&m;±kH;u vnf;qif;oGm;a&m jynfxJa&; 0ef}uD;a&mufvm+yD;awmh AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$u ol@qu D kd ta=umif;=um;xm;wJph m udk zwfw,f? ta=umif;=um;wJph mrSm a':atmif qef;pk=unfukd (3) ESpu f ae (1) ESpcf JG y,fzsuf vdu k w f ,f? (1) ESpcf yJG u J sew f ,f? tJ'D (1) ESpcf u JG kd olu qdik ;f iHv h u kd w f ,f? qdik ;f iHv h u kd f awmh (1) ESpfcGJjypf'%fuvnf; avmavmq,fuscHzdk@ r&daS wmhb;l ? 'gayr,fh olu tJ'D (401) t&yJ pnf;urf;csufawGxm;+yD;awmh a':atmif qef;pk=unfudk aetdrfrSm aexdkifcGifhðyvkduf w,f” [ko&d ygw,f? 'Djypfr_qdkif&m usihfxkH;Oya' yk'fr (401)onf w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mr[kwb f J tkycf sKyfa&;tm%mjzpfonft h wGuf ‚if;wd@k .

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yJcl;òrdŒòrdŒraps;xJwGif a':atmif qef;pk=unf"mwfyrkH sm; jzefŒa0ol teft,f'D tzG@J 0if (4) OD;onf acwWzrf;qD;cHc&hJ +y;D 0efcu H wdvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh+yD;aemuf naeydkif;wGif jyefvw G v f monf[o k &d ygw,f? yJcl;òrdŒ teft,f'D tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf =uonfh a':cifneG @f r/l udak usm0f if;/ a':a&$EiS hf udak ygupf w D @kd (4) OD;ESihf tjcm;wOD;wd@k jzpfonf? “reufwek ;f u tajctaeuawmh usaemfw@kd ukd c¶dik f (c,u aumifp)D ¶k;H xJ ac:+y;D awmh c%xde;f xm;wmaygch ifAs? usaemfw@kd (2)csucf /JG (3)em&DavmufusrS (òrdŒe,faumif pD)OuUXeJ@ aumfr&Si±f ;Hk u tzG@J awGe@J ay;awG@yg w,f? usaemfw@kd u0kd efcu H wd vufrw S x f ;kd cdik ;f ygw,f? aemufaemif tJ'v D rkd sK;d ra0zd@k v@kd aygh aemf? (4)a,muf pvHk;udkayghaemf xdk;cJh&yg w,f”[k jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmol udak ygupf D u &Si;f jyoGm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

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jref r m ppf a umif p D a cgif ; aqmif Adv k cf sKyrf LS ;}u;D oef;a&$u a':atmifqef;pk=unf tay:csrw S x f m;wJh jypf'%fukd xuf0ufav#mh cs+y;D aetdrrf mS uef@owfcsuaf wGe@J jyefaexdik f cGiðfh ycJw h ahJ e&mrSm tmCmwr&Sad &;/ 'Dru dk a&pD vrf;a=umif; taESmuft,Surf &Sad &; ponf jzihf ta=umif;jyxm;wmawGtay: trsK;d om; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf(NLD)u tðyoabm aqmif rSwo f m;xm;w,fv@kd NLD wm0ef&dS olwOD;u ajymygw,f? 'gayrJv h nf; a':atmifqef;pk=unf udk tjypf&adS =umif; w&m;±H;k uae pD&ifq;kH jzwfchJ wmudak wmh tjyif;txef jypfwifa0zefvu kd yf g k jf yefcw hJ hJ a=unm w,f? NLDu 'Duae@xw csuEf pS af pmife@J ywfouf+y;D NLD owif;eJ@ jyef =um;a&;tzGJ@ wm0ef&Sdol OD;cifarmifaqGu tckvkd pajzygw,f? “Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$ xkwjf yefwhJ tcsuaf wG/ wOD;eJ@ wOD; tmCmw rxm;a&; wk@d tp&Sw d hJ udpaP wG[m trsKd ;om; jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&;udk OD;wnfomG ;Ekid w f hJ tajctae &Sw d hJ oabmay:rSm rlwnf+yD;awmh ajymxm; wmyg? w&m;pD&ifa&;eJ@ ywfoufwhJ tcsuaf wG ygyJ? aemufqHk;tydk'fudk zwfjy&r,fqkd&if &efuek f ajrmufyikd ;f c&dik f w&m;&H;k u 2009 ckEpS f =o*kwfv (11)&ufae@wGif trsdK;om;'Drkdu a&pDtzJG@csKyf. acgif;aqmiftm; tvkyfESifh axmif'%f(3)ESpf uscaH p&ef pD&ifcsuf csrw S cf yhJ g

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w,f? xko d @kd pD&ifcsuf csrw S jf cif;onf Oya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf nD!w $ jf cif; r&So d nht f jyif/ vl@tcGit hf a&;udk csKd ;azmufjcif;jzpfI jyif;xef pGmuef@uu G af =umif; a=unmvku d o f nfv@dk qkd wJt h a=umif; w&m;pD&ifa&;eJ@ qkid w f hJ a=unm csuw f apmif xkwx f m;ygw,f?” ausmaf usmo f ed ;f ? ? Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD; oef;a&$u tmCmw r&Sad tmifv@dk ajymwmudk q&mwk@d taeeJ@u taumif;jrifoabm csO;f uyf+yD;awmh wk@H jyefxm;wmvm;cifAsm? “u|eaf wmfw@dk taeeJ@u Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$ xkwfjyefcJhwJh n$ef=um;csufudk trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyu f rSwo f m;xm;yg w,faygAh sm? rSwo f m;xm;+yD;awmh 'gut kd ðy oabmaqmifwhJ csO;f uyfrr_ sKd ;eJ@ &nf&, G +f yD; awmh u|eaf wmfw@dk bufuvnf;yJ 'Drwkid cf if *EDcN ef;r a=unmpmwrf;rSmygwhJ tmCmw rxm;a&;/ tjyeftvSeef m;vnfa&;/ yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G af &;qkw d hJ tcsuf (7)csurf el @J udu k n f D wJt h wGuaf =umifh a&S@Eidk if aH &;c&D;udk em;vnf r_&&dS edS @J qufEidk af tmif u|eaf wmfw@dk Ekid if aH &; OD;wnfcsufawG cs+yD;awmhoGm;r,fqkdwJh oabmrsKd ; ajymxm;ygw,f?” ausmfausmfodef;? ? wbufu Adv k cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D oef;a&$&ŒJ pum;tay: tðyoabm wk@H jyef+y;D awmh/ wbufu w&m;pD&ifa&; tay: tjyif;txefa0zefwJh ESpfck=um;rSm b,fvkd rsm; csed +f yD;,lygovJcifAsm?

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0ifjcif; r&Sad wmhygbv J su/f (74) Oya'yg tcsuf awGukd ud;k um;+y;D awmh axmif'%f(3)ESpf csjcif; udk u|eaf wmfw@dk taeeJ@ rðyoifh rðytyfwmrd@k jyif;xefpGmuef@uGufw,fvdk@ ajymwmu w&m;Oya'ta=umif ; ud k uef @ uG u f w m/ Ad k v f c sKyf r ª ; }uD ; oef ; a&$ & J @ trsd K ;om;acgif ; aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;&J@orD;rk@d vlr_ a&;t&m pmemaxmufxm;+yD;/ 'Dru dk a&pD&&Sd a&;twGuu f v kd nf; a&S;±_+yD;awmh/ wOD;eJ@wOD; tmCmwrxm;bJe@J cGiv hf w G w f hJ pum;awG oH;k oGm;wJt h cg u|eaf wmfw@dk u urf;vSr;f wJh vufudkykwfrcsbJeJ@ rSwfom;xm;w,fvkd@ tðyoabmaqmifwhJ wk@H jyefru _ kd xkwjf yefvu dk f wmjzpfygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk axmif'%fcsrw S v f u kd w f t hJ wGuf trsKd ; om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf ygwDtaeeJ@ bmawGqufvkyf rvJqw kd meJ@ ywfouf+yD; tzG@J csKyf A[dt k vkyf tr_aqmifaumifrwD0if OD;0if;wifeJ@ quf oG,af r;jref;csuu f kd wifqufvu kd yf gw,f? “olw@kd u a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;&JŒorD;qdw k hJ pum;vH;k awG tvGefaumif;wJh oabmxm;awGeJ@ajymwJh pum;awGygvmw,fqakd wmh usaemfw@kd enf; enf;0rf;om;tm;& jzpf=uw,f? qH;k jzwfcsuf awGukd =unfv h u kd af wmh ppftpd;k &u yg;yg;eyf

eyfe@J 'Dupd u P kd ukid w f , G w f ,fv@kd oGm;awG@& w,f? w&m;pD&ifa&;[m vGwv f w G v f yfvyf ol@[molvkyfwm? olwdk@eJ@ rqdkifbl; qkdwJh twkid ;f yJ olw@kd u w&m;pD&ifa&;udk v$wv f u kd f w,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk w&m;±kH;u axmif (3)ESpf csw,f?” &[ef;oHCmawG/ ausmif;om;vli,fawG&@J awmif;qdck suaf wG vnf; avsmyh g;atmif/ Ekid if w H umzdtm;ay;r_ awGuv kd nf; avsmyh g;atmif a':atmifqef;pk =unfukd jypf'%fw0uf av#mah ygjh ypf'%f vkyf ypfvu kd w f ,f? tJ'h D qdik ;f iHjh ypf'%fuykd J wae@ olw@kd pdwaf useyf&if/ olw@kd vnf;pnf;urf;awG vdu k ef mr,fq&kd if vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGihf ay;r,f

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awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&; taumiftxnfazmfay; qdk+yD; tqifh (3)qifheJ@ a=unmvdkufw,f? 'Dae@tajctae[m vH;k 0auseyfz, G f aumif; wJh qH;k jzwfcsurf [kwaf omfvnf; pdwo f ufom &m qH;k jzwfcsurf sK;d jzpfw,f? apmif+h yD;=unhf &r,fh taetxm;rsK;d jzpfomG ;w,f? q&mwd@k t&ifu ajymoGm;oavmuf qd&k if “a':pkudk axmifcsvu kd rf ,fq&kd if r+ird rf oufra_ wG/ qENjyr_awG jzpfEidk w f ,fayg?h tckus awmh t&Sed u f jyefavsmo h mG ;wmayg?h ” tif; aygh? pdwfoufom&mawmh &wmayhg? bmjzpf vd@k vnf;qdak wmh olw@kd tck ajymaewJh pnf;urf;awGu bmawGqw kd mom usaemfw@kd rodwmud;k ? od@k aomf omreftm; jzifh ajymr,fqdk&if a':atmifqef;pk=unf jypf'%fuswhJ twGuf usaemfw@kd rauseyfb;l ? a':atmifqef;pk=unf tjypfr&Sb d ;l vd@k usaemf wd@k ,Hw k ,f? 'Dtr_u r&Sw d OhJ ya'eJ@ vkyw f ,f? od@k aomf tck olw@kd u w&m;±k;H u w&m;±k;H udpP vkyq f +kd y;D awmh wbufuvnf; tpd;k &taeeJ@ wdik ;f oljynfom;awG rausreyfwhJ qlyt l ºkH uGr_ awG rjzpf atmifv@kd av#mw h ,fayg?h tckeq&majymovdk tus,fcsKyf (18)vawmifrS qdik ;f iHo h abmrsK;d a':atmif qef;pk=unfu oGm;vmvdk@&w,fqdkawmh teft,fv'f D ygweD @J a&m awG@qv kH @kd &wJh tajc taersK;d vm;cifAs? “tJ'gawmh usaemfw@kd twdtus rodao;bl;? 'Dae@txd pnf;urf;csufawG qdw k m bmpnf;urf;csuaf wGvv J @kd rod&ao; bl;? t&yfpum;eJ@ ajym&ifawmh rdu k rf u kd ±f idk ;f ±kid ;f rvkyb f ;l / ajyvnf&majymvnfa=umif;eJ@ vkyf

10

w,fv@kd yJ ajym&rSmayg?h Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; orD;jzpfw,fw@kd / 'Dru kd a&pDa&;wd@k / awG@qakH qG; aEG;yG/J trsK;d om;jyefvnfoihjf rwfa&; pum;rsK;d awG ygwt hJ cgusawmh vlawG=um;xJrmS trsm; }u;D pdwo f ufom&m&w,fv@kd usaemf ajymcsif ygw,f?” tcku (18) v? a&G;aumufyGJu a&S@EpS f xJrmS jzpfEidk w f ,fqakd wmh a&G;aumufyeJG @J ywfouf+yD; b,fvx kd ifygovJ cifAs? “a':atmifqef;pk=unfu 'Da&G; aumufypJG um;udk ajymwm r[kwb f ;l ? usaemf wd@k uvnf; a&G;aumufyq JG w kd m pum;xJukd xnfhrajymcsifbl;? rajymcsifwmu 'Da&G; aumufy[ JG m ppftm%m&Sipf epfukd quf+yD; toufoiG ;f wmud;k ? tajccHOya' twnfðy a&;twGuo f m tusK;d &Sad pr,fh a&G;aumufyJG jzpf a ewmud k ; ? a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u d k v$waf y;w,fq&kd if usaemfw@kd ajymcsiw f mu a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u d k tajccH x m;wJ h a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf & J @ tzG J @ pnf ; jzpf w J h teft,fv'f rD mS tcktxd bmrSvy_ &f mS ;vd@k r&/ ajymqdkvdk@r&/ òrdŒe,fawGrSm pnf;±kH;v_yf&Sm; vdk@r&/ qdkif;bkwfawG ðzwfcscH&wJhae&mawG jzKwfcs? teft,fv'f aD ygi;f rsm;pGm axmifxJ a&mufaeqdw k hJ udpu P kd usaemfw@kd ajz&Si;f ay; &r,fqw kd mudk usaemfw@kd ajymcsiw f ,f? “wdik ;f oljynfom;awGxrJ mS tusyf twnf;/ ydwq f @kd csKyfcs,u f ef@owfra_ wG/ zdEydS f r_awG tukefvHk;udk aysmhajymif;atmif/ ajy vnfatmif ajz&Si;f ay;zd@k upd aP wG ajym&r,f? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG trsm;}uD;&Sdw,f?

zGJŒpnf;yHktajccHOya' jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;aumfrwD zGJŒpnf;ay; a':pk u d k aetd r f t us,f v d k v d k bmvd k v d k ajymvdu k w f ,f qdak yr,fh rif;Edik /f udu k }kd uD;eJ@ teft,fv'f &D ŒJ 'k-OuUÏ OD;wifO;D vdk yk*Kd~ vfrsK;d onf y if v #if tusOf ; usaewk e f ; qd k a wmh a':atmifqef;pk=unf t}udr}f udrf ajymaewJh ±H;k ay:xGuv f mwJt h csed rf mS yxrOD;qH;k oHtrwf awGe@J ajymwJph um; ukvor*~u vkyaf pcsif w,faygAh sm? ukvor*~u taeeJ@ vkyaf pcsif wJh oabmxm;awGajymr,f? trsK;d om;jyef vnfoifjh rwfa&;udk ajymzd@k upd yP J wufvrS ;f &r,f?” Ñ Ñ Ñ

ppfawGòrŒd wGif vkòH caH &; wif;usycf sxm;a-umif;od& NEJ, Aug 24,2009

&ckdifjynfe,f.òrdŒawmf ppfawGòrdŒ wGif ,ck&ufyidk ;f rsm;twGi;f vkòH cHa&;wif;usyf pGmcsxm;a=umif; od&ygw,f? ppfawGòrdŒ. txifu& omoedu taqmuftODrsm;wGif vkHòcHa&;,lxm;jcif;jzpfum vkHòcHa&;,lonfh &Jrsm; omoedu taqmuftODrsm;twGi;f Y yifaexkid pf m;aomuf tavmif;tpm;0kid ;f rsm; axmifaejcif;a=umifv h nf; a'ocHvx l k pdwf taESmihft,Sufjzpf=u&a=umif; ppfawGòrdŒcH wOD;u tckvkd ajymjyygw,f? “avmueENmbk&m;}u;D xJrmS vnf; &JawGvkHòcHa&;,lxm;wm=um+yD? pm;awmh/ aomufawmhvnf; bk&m;ay:/ ae@cif;buf vlenf;yg;csed q f dk vkòH cHa&;&JawGu zJ0ikd ;f axmif =ueJ@/ omoedutaqmuftODe@J b,fvrdk u S dk roifah wmfwm” txifu&ae&mrsm;jzpfaom OD;&Jausmo f al usmif;/ 0uFbmuGi;f / twkvrmef

atmifb&k m;/ avmueENmbk&m;ESihf OD;OwWr yef;+cHwkd@wGif &Jrsm;vkHòcHa&;,lxm;onfrSm wvausmo f mG ;+yDjzpfa=umif; ajymjyygw,f? “tck&ufyidk ;f rSm vkòH cHa&; tiftm; wk;d vmw,f? pufwifbmta&;tcif; ESpyf wf vnfe;D vmvk@d xifw,f? wbufu vkòH cHa&; tiftm;wkd;csxm;ovkd wbufuvnf; wkid ;f rª;u òrdŒxJ&yfuu G f (4) &yfuu G u f dk (24) em&D rD;ay;r,fq+dk y;D pnf;¶k;H aew,f”[k tqdyk g ppfawGòrdŒcHu qufvufajymjyygw,f? &efuek w f iG 2f 007 ckEpS f pufwifbm ta&;tcif;t+yD; ppfawGòrdŒrS oHCmawmfrsm; u ywWeu d KU Z…euHaqmifyrJG sm; qufvufvyk f aqmifcrhJ a_ =umihf ppftm%mykid rf sm;u ppfawG òrŒd ukd ykrd t dk m¶kpH u dk v f monf[k ppfawGrS oHCm awmfwyg;u rde@f ygw,f?“wbufu a'ozG@H òz;d a&;vkyyf g w,fq+dk y;D jyzk@d &xm;vrf; azmufwm awG/ pm=unfw h u dk zf iG w hf mawG/ owif;pmwku d cf JG vm vkyaf y;wmawGe@J pnf;¶k;H a&;vkyaf ew,f? wbufuvnf; vkòH cHa&;ukd wk;d csxm;w,f? wu,fwrf;rSm a'ocHvlxku qif;&Jusyf wnf;qJyJ? zdESdyfr_awG&SdaeqJyJ”[k tqdkyg oHCmu qufvufred @f qydk gw,f? ppfawGòrŒd vkòH caH &;udk ,ck&ufyidk ;f rsm; twGif; ydkrkdwif;usyfxm;&m tjcm;òrdŒrsm;rS ppfawGòrdŒok@d vma&mufonfh um;rsm; nae (6) em&Dausmv f #if ppfawGòrdŒwGi;f 0ifciG rhf &bJ òrdŒjyifrmS om tdy=f u&a=umif;/ ppfawGòrdŒok@d vma&mufonfh &[ef;oHCmrsm;udkvnf; ppfaq;ar;jref;r_ rsm;jym;aea=umif; od&yg w,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

11

rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ;

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jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD acgif ; aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. usef;rma&;ESifh ywfouf+yD; yHrk eS f ppfaq;ay;aeus q&m0ef a'guw f m wifrsK;d 0if;ESihf ukocGi&hf &ef awmif; qdx k m;a=umif; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf (NLD) u ajymygw,f? =o*kwfv(11)&ufae@wGif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; usef;rma&;ppf aq;&eftwGuf tpdk;&tm%mydkifrsm;u pDpOfay;xm;aom trsK;d orD; q&m0efwOD;ukd vufrcHvakd oma=umifh a'guw f mwifrsK;d 0if; ESihf ukocGi&hf &ef awmif;qdx k m;onf[k NLD ajyma&;qkcd iG &hf o dS l OD;^m%f0if;uajymygw,f? “tm%mykid af wG pDpOfwhJ q&m0ef wa,mufvmw,f? tJ'rD mS a':atmifqef;pk =unfu olt&ifwek ;f u jyaeus q&mwif rsKd;0if;ukdyJ jycsifwJhta=umif; tm%mykdif awGukd ajymwmqdkwm&Sdw,f? 'Dae@txd awmh q&mwifrsK;d 0if;oGm;wm rawG@b;l ” [k OD;^m%f0if;u qdyk gw,f? a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf . yH k r S e f use;f rma&;twGuf tm%mydik rf sm;u pDpOf xm;aom trsK;d orD;q&m0efrmS rnforl nf 0gjzpfa=umif; rod&&dS ao;ay? odk@aomf a'gufwmwifrsKd;0if;ESifh ukocGi&hf &eftwGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unf uk, d w f ikd f aqmif&u G af ea=umif; OD;^m%f0if; u ajymygw,f? a'guw f mwifrsK;d 0if;onf a':atmifqef;pk=unf. use;f rma&; tajc

12

taetm; vpOfppfaq; ukoay;onfh rdom;pk q&m0ef jzpfygw,f? “tm%mykid af wGu bmtwGuaf =umifh b,fvkd vkyw f mvJawmh rodb;l ? usaemfw@kd em; vnfwmu ud, k jf yo&r,fh q&m0efu ud, k hf pdwóf uduaf wmh a&G;cs,cf iG &hf &dS r,fv@kd tJ'v D ykd J em;vnfygw,f” [k OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf arv twGi;f ol.tdro f @kd wdww f qdwf 0ifa&mufchJ aom tar&duef Ekid if o H m;wOD;a=umihf ¶k;H wif w&m;pJcG cH &Jh onf? xkt d r_wiG f tif;pdeaf xmifwiG ;f txl;w&m;¶kH;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd axmif'%f (3)ESpf csrw S cf o hJ nf? ok@d aomfvnf; ppftpd;k & acgi;f aqmif Akv d cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a¶$. trde@f jzifh usc&H rnhf axmif'%fudk xuf0uf avSsmch sI aetdrf tus,cf sKyf (1)ESpcf JG pD&ifcsuf csrw S cf &H um aetdro f @kd jyefvnfy@kd aqmif xde;f odr;f vdu k yf gw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ a':atmifqef;pk-unf txde;f odr;f cHc&hJ o!fu h mvrsm; yxrt}udrf txdef;odrf;cH&jcif; = 1989 ck E S p f Zlvkdifv (20) &ufae‹rS 1995 Zlvkdifv (10)&ufae‹ txd ? 'kwd,t}udrf txdef;odrf;cH&jcif; = 2000 ck E S p f / pufwifbmv (23) &ufae‹rS 2002 ckESpf/ arv (6) &ufae‹txd? wwd,t}udrf txdef;odrf;cH&jcif; = 2003 ckESpf/ arv (30) &ufae‹rS ,ae‹txd? pwkxWt}udrf txdef;odrf;cH&jcif; - 2009ckESpf/ -o*kwfv (11)&uf?

ppftkyfpk. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm; qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u

tar&duef txufvw $ af wmftrwf Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }u;D oef;a&$EiS fh awGŒrnf NEJ, Aug 14,2009

tar&duef txufvw $ af wmf trwf *sif0ufbf onf jrefrmEdkifiH od k Œ a&muf & d S + yD ; onfah emufyikd ;f jrefrmppftpd;k & xdyyf ikd ;f acgi;f aqmif Adv k cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D oef;a&$EiS fh awG@q&Hk efppD Of xm;a=umif; 0g&iS w f ef atteftikd f owif; wGif azmfjyxm;ygw,f? ,ckuo hJ @kd rpPwm *si0f ufbo f nf AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$ESifh awG@qkHcGifh&&dScJhygu vGecf o hJ nfh (10)ESpt f wGi;f tar&duef xdyf wef;t&m&dw S OD;ESifh jrefrmppftpd;k & xdyw f ef; t&m&dSwdk@ yxrqkH; awG@qkHjcif;jzpfrnf[k rpPwm0ufbf.¶kH;rS a=unmcsufxkwfjyef xm;ygw,f? tar&duef txufvw $ af wmftrwf

jrefrmEdkifiHodk@a&muf&dSrnfhae@wGif trsdK;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (teft,fvf'D)rS A[dk tvkyftr_aqmif aumfrwD0if (4)OD;tm; aejynfawmfrS zdwaf c:xm;csed Ef iS v fh nf; wku d f qdik af eygw,f? “teft,fv'f u D pDt;D pD (4) a,muf udk aejynfawmfukd zdwyf gw,f? 'Dae@omG ;rSmyg/ OD;oef;xGef;&,f/ OD;vSaz&,f/ OD;!Gef@a0&,f/ OD;pd;k jrif&h ,fyg? (4) a,mufpvk;H oGm;r,f/ roGm; r,fqdkwmawmh rodbl;”[k teft,fvf'D ajymcGi&hf ol OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f? tar&duef txufvw $ af wmftrwf jrefrmEdik if o H @kd vma&muf&mwGif teft,fv'f D ESihfawG@qkH&ef &dSr&dSar;jref;&mwGif ta=umif; =um;r_ wpkHw&mr&dSa=umif; OD;^m%f0if;u ajymjyoGm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

jrefrmEkid if cH &D;pOfta-umif; txufvw $ af wmftrwf owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGJ usi;f y VOA, Aug 17,2009

jref r mh ' D r k d u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unftaeeJ@ jrefrmEdkifiH tay:csrw S x f m;wJh '%fcwfta&;,lr_ wcsKŒd udk ¶kwo f rd ;f zd@k &m ruef@uu G zf ;l vd@k olcpH m;rdwhJ ta=umif; tar&dueftxufv$wfawmf trwf*sifrf 0ufbfu ajymvdkufygw,f? xkid ;f Ekid if /H befaumufòrdŒrSm 'Duae@vyk cf w hJ hJ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGt J wGi;f rpPwm0ufbu f tJ'v D kd ajymvdu k w f myg?

=o*kwv f (15)&ufe@J (16)&ufawGrmS jrefrmEkdifiHudk ESpf&uf=umoGm;a&mufcJhwJh tar&duef txufvw $ af wmf Ekid if jH cm;a&;&m aumfrwD/ ta&SŒtm&Se@J ypdzw d af &;&m aumfrwD cG&J ŒJ OuUÏ/ 'Dru kd &ufwpfygw&D ŒJ Am*s;D eD;,m;jynf e,f txufvw $ af wmftrwf *sirf 0f ufb[ f m '%fcwf ydwq f @kd ta&;,lra_ wGukd uef@uu G o f l tjzpfxif&mS ;ygw,f? 'gah =umifv h nf;ol jrefrm EdkifiHuae jyefvm+yD;aemufydkif;rSm '%fcwf

13

ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;a&;twGuf pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u/ xºuG-u? ta&;,lre_ @J ywfouf+yD; olbmawG aqG;aEG; ajymqdck o hJ vJ qdw k m trsm;pdw0f ifpm;=uwJh t"duta=umif;t&mjzpfaeygw,f? olu vnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J ole@J ta=umif; t&mrsK;d pHk aqG;aEG;cJ=h uwJx h rJ mS '%fcwfta&; ,lru _ pd u P kd tawmfav; us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ aqG;aEG;cJ=h uw,fqw kd m we*FaEGae@uvkycf w hJ hJ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ mS ajymcJyh gw,f? 'Dae@wcgxyf+y;D owif;axmufawG ar;or# ajz=um;&mrSm 'Dupd u P xdyq f ;kH uae jyef y gvmwmyg? '%f c wf ta&;,l r _ a y: a':atmifqef;pk=unfu b,fvo kd abmxm; ovJ qdw k meJ@ywfouf+yD; ol@taeeJ@ vGaJ csmf ajymrdr,ft h a&; a&Smif&mS ;csiyf gw,f? 'gayr,fh ole@J a':atmifqef;pk=unfw@kd aqG;aEG;ajym qd=k uwmawGuae olcpH m;vdu k &f wmygq+kd yD; rpPwm 0ufbu f ajymygw,f? “ol@qDuae usaemf &Sif;&Sif;vif; vif;&vdu k w f hJ cHpm;r_uawmh ol[m '%fcwf ta&;,lrw _ csKŒd udk ¶kyo f rd ;f zd@k ruef@uu G b f ;l qdk wm usaemfajymyg&ap? 'gayr,fh 'g usaemf ajymcsiw f m tm;vH;k ygy?J ol@tjrife@J ywfouf +yD; usaemfvaJG csmaf jymqdk rdwmrsK;d rjzpfcsiyf g bl;”vd@k rpPwm0ufbu f ajymygw,f? 'gayr,fh vnf; '%fcwfta&;,lrw _ csKŒd u bmawGqkd wmudak wmh olu &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; ajymroGm; ygb;l ? 'Dae&mrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfu aomfvnf;aumif;/ ol@&JŒygwDuaomfvnf; aumif; rpPwm0ufb[ f m '%fcwfta&; ,lr_ eJ@ywfouf+yD; olw@kd &ŒJ tjrifukd wvGJ t"dyg` ,f

14

aumufoGm;w,fvkd@ tjrifcH&rSmudkawmh oltawmfav; pdk;&drfyHk&ygw,f? 'gudk ol tav;teufxm;+yD; ajymqdck yhJ gw,f? Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;oef;a&$e@J aqG;aEG;wJh ae&mrSmawmh '%fcwfta&;,lru _ pd P rygcb hJ ;l vd@k vnf; rpPwm0ufbu f ajymygw,f? Adv k cf sKyf rSL;}u;D oef;a&$tygt0if jrefrmppfacgi;f aqmif awGeJ@ bmawG aqG;aEG;cJhw,fqdkwm olu wdwu d sus jyefrajymjyygb;l ? udp&P yfawGtay: rSm olw@kd awG yGiyhf iG v fh if;vif; aqG;aEG;cJ=h uw,f vd@k yq J ykd gw,f? “jrefrmvlx[ k m Edik if w H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f &JŒ tpdwt f ydik ;f wck jyefjzpfEidk rf ,fh enf; vrf;wckukd usaemfw@kd tm;vH;k jrifcsi=f uw,f vk@d aocsmayguf usaemfxifygw,f? tJ'eD nf; vrf;[mvnf; t&ifu usaemfw@kd csrw S x f m; cJw h hJ rl0g'vrf;pOfawGtwdik ;f jzpfEidk yf gvrd rhf ,f” vk@d rpPwm0ufbu f ajymygw,f? rpP w m,uf a wmeJ @ ywf o uf v k d @ awmh rpPwm0ufbu f wdwu d susajymroGm; bJ rae@u befaumufa&mufwJhtcsdefrSm aq;¶Hkudkac:oGm;w,fvdk@yJ ajymcJhygw,f? befaumufòrŒd / tar&duefo¶H ;kH uvnf; yk*v ~ d uudpjP zpfw,fqw kd mudk axmufjy+yD; rpPwm ,ufawm tajctaeeJ@ywfoufv@kd rSwcf suf ay;ajymqdzk @kd jiif;qefcyhJ gw,f? 'g[m yk*v ~ u d udpPjzpfwJhtwGuf olb,frSm&Sdw,f? ol@ use;f rma&;tajctaeu b,fv/kd b,fawmh tar&duefukd jyefr,f pwmawGe@J ywfouf+y;D olw@kd rmS ajymqdck iG rfh &Syd gb;l vd@k oH¶;kH wm0ef&dS olwOD;u ajymjyoGm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

xGuaf ygufurkd &SmbJ azmufxu G -f u ?

jynfwiG ;f tiftm;pkawGeŒJ aqG;aEG;r+r&dyS J tusKd ;rjzpfEikd [ f k a':atmifqef;pk-unf a0zef VOA, Aug 18,2009

jref r mh 'D r k d u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfu jrefrmEkid if t H ay:rSm csrw S x f m;wJh ydwq f @dk ta&;,lra_ wGe@J ywfouf +yD;taemufEkdifiHawGeJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf wmxuf ud, k Ehf idk if t H wGi;f rSm tcsi;f csi;f t&if n‡dE_dif;zkd@vdkw,fvdk@ ajymvkdufwJhta=umif; NLD ajymcGi& hf yk*Kd~ vf OD;Om%f0if;u rae@u ajymqkv d u dk yf gw,f? tar&dueftxufvw $ af wmftrwf *sirf 0f ufbu f a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J awG@qkH wJt h cgrmS ydwq f @dk ta&;,lra_ wGe@J ywfoufv@dk ydwq f @dk ta&;,lra_ wG jyefvnf ¶kwo f rd ;f a&; twGuf vkyfaqmifwmrSm jrefrmEkdifiH[m taemufEkdifiHawGeJ@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufzkd@ vk d a ew,f v k d @ a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u k d wifjycJw h ,fv@dk qkyd gw,f? a':atmifqef;pk =unfbufu tcsuf (2)csuf jyefajymcJw h ,f vk@d rae@u ole@J awG@qckH w hJ hJ NLD ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf OD;Om%f0if;u ajymjyygw,f? “yxrtcsuu f Interaction vkyzf @dk qkdwm tJ'gu jynfwGif;rSm t&ifvkyf&rSm/ wjcm;Ekid if eH @J t&ifvyk &f rSm r[kwb f ;l ? jynf wGi;f rSm Interaction r[kwb f eJ @J wjcm;Ekid if eH @J vkyv f @dk bmrStusKd ;r&Sb d ;l qkw d mudk ol&iS ;f jy w,f? aemufwcku SactioneJ@ ywfoufv@kd 2007 ckEpS u f wnf;u qufqaH &;0ef}u;D eJ@ awG@ aewJu h mvrSm tJ'w D ek ;f u xkwcf w hJ hJ olw@dk &@J ta=umif;=um;pm&Sw d ,fav? confrontation

wk@d out of devastationwk@d sanctionwk@d blockage wk@d 'gawGukd rvkyaf wmhygb;l ? ±kwo f rd ;f ygw,f qk&d if Adv k cf sKyfr;ª }uD;oef;a&$u awG@r,fq+dk yD; [kw d ek ;f u pmxGuw f ,f? tJ'u D wnf;u aqG; aEG;wJt h cgrmS olu ajymw,fwhJ sanctioneJ@ ywfoufv@dk ESpb f ufy;l wJo G abmxm; xkwjf yef vkw d ,f? ESpb f ufy;l wJ+G yD;awmh sanction awG ¶kwo f rd ;f atmif aqmif&u G v f w dk ,fv@dk tqkðd ycJh w,fwJh? tqkdðywmawGudk yxrydkif;rSm oabmwloa,mif&+dS yD; aemufyikd ;f rvkyEf idk f bl;vdk@ tJ'gudk ol*sifrf0ufbfukd ol&Sif;jycJh w,fw”hJ txufvw $ af wmftrwf *sirf 0f ufbf [m ydwq f @dk ta&;,lra_ wGukd qef@usio f w l OD; tjzpf tar&duef EkdifiHa&;tokdif;t0kdif;rSm xif&mS ;olwOD; jzpfwt hJ jyif/ tckvkd ol@&ŒJ ajym qkdr_awG trsm;tjrifrSm xifa&mifxifrSm; jzpfEkdifp&m&SdwJh tcsufawG yg0ifaeygw,f? tckqkd&if a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ydwfqkd@ ta&;,lra_ wG ±kwo f rd ;f ay;a&;twGuf oabm wloa,mifa,mif Ekid if w H um owif;rD', D m awGrmS a&;om;azmfjyaewmudk awG@&ygw,f? 'Dupd t P ay: v$waf wmftrwf *sirf 0f ufb&f @J xdik ;f Ekid if u H owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJt G ygt0if Ekid if H wum owif;rD', D mawGxrJ mS azmfjyaewm awGe@J ywfoufv@dk OD;Om%f0if;u a':atmif qef;pk=unfukd wku d ¶f u dk af r;jref;cJw h t hJ a=umif; ajymjyygw,f?

15

'Dru kd a&pDpepfqw kd m vlwikd ;f wa,mufe‹J wa,muf av;pm;wJph epfygyJ? “u|efawmfu 'Dae&mrSm ar;yg w,f? u|eaf wmfw@dk &ŒJ owif;=um;wmuawmh ,k;d ',m;rSm *sirf 0f ufbu f &Si;f wmvnf; =um; w,f? aemuf vef'efu owif;pmwapmifrmS vnf; Tourism Sanctionudk a':atmifqef;pk =unf ¶kwo f rd ;f vdw k ,fv@dk a&;w,fv@dk =um; w,f? tJ'gukd u|eaf wmfw@dk u ajymawmh olu olt'J v D kd vH;k 0 rajymcJb h ;l wJ?h olajymwmu sanctioneJ@ ywfoufv@dk yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G rf ,f? ¶kwo f rd ;f zk@d oabmxm;udv k nf; yl;aygi;f xkwf jyefr,f? 'gy;l aygi;f aqmif&u G yf grh ,fqw dk mudk oltqkdðycJhwJhta=umif;udk ol&Sif;jyygw,f? t"duu olrajymbl;? olajymwJh sanctionu tpk;d &eJ@ tm%mykid ;f awGe@J ¶kwo f rd ;f zk@d v&dk if yl;aygi;f +y;D aqmif&u G rf ,f? aqmif&u G zf @kd tqkðd y w,f? olu 'gyJ ajymjycJw h mwJ/h ” ppftpk;d &&J@ vl@tcGit hf a&; csKd ;azmufr_ trsKd ;rsKd ;awGa=umifh Ekid if w H umu '%fcwfyw d f qk@d ta&;,la&; rl0g'awGukd csrw S u f sio hf ;kH vm cJw h myg? 'Dvdk ydwq f @dk ra_ wGa=umifv h nf; jrefrm Ekid if [ H m txD;usef jzpfaew,fv@dk *sirf 0f ufbf u jrifygw,f? jrefrmEkid if u H ae xkid ;f Ekid if u H kd a&mufa&mufcsif;ðyvkyfcJhwJh owif;pm&Sif; vif;yJt G wGi;f jrefrmEkid if rH mS ðyjyifajymif;vJr_ awG jzpfay:vmatmif ppftpk;d &tay: twkid ;f twmwcktxd =oZmoufa&mufr&_ w dS w hJ &kwf EkdifiHudk EkdifiHwum 0kdif;0ef;zdtm;ay;=uzkd@ wku d w f eG ;f ygw,f? jrefrmEkid if t H ay: w&kwEf idk if H u =oZmoufa&mufr_ &Sw d ,f? tiftm;}uD; Ekid if rH @kd a=umuf&ŒH$ &w,fqw dk hJ ykpH rH sKd ; txuf v$waf wmftrwf *sirf 0f ufbu f ajymcJw h meJ@

16

ywfoufv@dk 'Dae&mrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf eJ@ tjrifoabmxm;jcif; uGmjcm;aewmudk awG@&ygw,f? “tcsut f vufawGe@J ywfouf+yD; awmh wcsdK@tcsufawG ajymw,f? Oyrm olwckajymwmu *sirf 0f ufbu f ajymw,fwhJ jrefrmEkid if [ H m w&kwef @J ywfouf+y;D Ekid if }H u;D rd@k pd;k &drx f w d v f ef@ oabmrsKd ;udk olu tJ'gukd ajym w,fw?hJ 'Dpum;vH;k udk ol vH;k 0 vufrcHEidk b f ;l ? ol@taeeJ@awmh w&kwfudk tdrfeD;em;csif; aumif;tjzpf rdwfaqGEdkifiHtjzpf/ ol'DvkdyJ oabmxm;w,fw?hJ apmapmuvkd ajymwJh pum; vH;k rsKd ;udk ol@taeeJ@ róuu d b f ;l qkw d mukd ol&Sif;jycJhw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu wqufwnf; 'geJ@ywfouf+yD; ajymwmu urBmay:rSm b,fvydk jJ zpfjzpf =oZm&Sw d mu wck? tar&duef/ aemuf+yD; tdref ;D em;csi;f u tdE, Nd / w&kwf 'DEidk if aH wGe@J twl tqifajyajy rdwaf qGtjzpfyJ qufqv H w dk ,fv@dk olt'J v D dk ajymjycJyh gw,f”[k OD;O%f0if;u&Si;f jycJyh gw,f? ÑÑÑ w um

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jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrftus,f csKyfrv S w $ af y;a&;/ pkaygi;f awmif;qd&k eftwGuf tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH *sumwmòrdŒY ,ck&ufydkif; =o*kwf (20)ESihf (21)&uftwGif;ðyvkyfrnfh tpnf;ta0;yGJY tmqD,Hxdyfwef; t&m&dS rsm;u aqG;aEG;r_ðyvkyu f m jrefrmtpd;k &tm; ay;yd@k rnfh pmrl=urf;wapmifukd tacsmowf Edkifvdrfhrnf[k ar#mfvifhxm;a=umif;vnf; rpPwmtzdqpfu ajym=um;cJo h nf[k oHwref owif;&yfuGufudk ukd;um;+yD; attufzfyD owif;wGif azmfjyxm;ygw,f? a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf t m; jyef v$wfay;a&;twGuf tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;. pkaygi;f oabmwlncD suw f &yf ay:xGuEf ikd &f ef xkid ;f Edik if u H aqmif&u G af ea=umif; xdik ;f Edik if jH cm; a&;0ef}u;D uqpfy&d rG u f +y;D cJo h nfh oDwif;ywf wGif ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? xdik ;f 0ef}u;D csKyf rpPwm tzdqpfuvnf; tar&dueftxufv$wf awmftrwf *sirf 0f ufbEf iS fh =o*kwf (17)&ufY awG@qkHcJhpOfu a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; aetdrt f us,cf sKyf csrw S v f u kd o f nfh udpEP iS fh ywfoufI tmqD,x H yd w f ef;t&m&drS sm; ,ck oDwif;ywftwGi;f awG@qaHk qG;aEG;&ef&aSd =umif; ajym=um;cJo h nf[k TNA owif;wGif azmfjyyg w,f? rpPwm0ufbu f rl jrefrmEdik if . H tajc taeonf vmrnfEh pS w f iG f ðyvky&f ef&o Sd nfh a&G; aumufyGJESihfywfoufI taumif;bufodk@ a&S;¶_vmaea=umif; xdik ;f 0ef}uD;csKyftm; ajym =um;cJah =umif; od&ygw,f?

a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; axmif '%f(3)ESprf S aetdrt f us,f csKyf (1)ESpcf JG av#mh aygv h u kd jf cif;ESifh tar&duefEikd if o H m; rpPwm ,ufawmtm; jypf'%fru S if;v$wcf iG ahf y;cJjh cif; onf jrefrmtpd;k &taejzifh urBm@Eidk if rH sm;. ajymqkcd surf sm;ukd em;axmifvmonfh oabm &do S nf[k xdik ;f Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; rpPwmu qpfyD&Grfu tar&duef txufv$wfawmf trwfEiS fh awG@qcHk &hJ mwGif ajym=um;cJo h nf[k vnf; xdik ;f owif;wGif azmfjyyg&x Sd m;ygw,f? jrefrmEdik if YH ppfreS o f nfh trsK;d om; jyefvnfoifh jrwfa&;ESifh t"dym` ,f&o Sd nfh awG@qaHk qG;aEG; a&;udk azmfaqmifEdkif&eftwGuf a':atmif qef;pk=unfESihf EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;udk jyefvw $ af y;&ef/ 2010 a&G;aumufyu JG kd vGwf vyfr#w+yD; ygwt D mvk;H yg0ifusi;f yEdik &f efEiS fh a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if EdkifiHa&; tusO;f om;tm;vk;H udk v$waf y;&ef/ +yD;cJo h nfh Zlvdkif (20)&ufwGif xdkif;EdkifiH zl;cufu|ef; tyef;ajzpcef;Y ðyvkyo f nfh (42)}urd af jrmuf tmqD,H EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm;. tpnf; ta0;wGif wku d w f eG ;f xm;ygw,f? tmqD,HtzGJ@taejzihf a'owGif; vl@tcGifhta&; tajctaersm; wkd;wuf&ef aqmif&u G rf nfqykd gu jrefrmEkid if w H iG f tajymif; tvJrsm; rjzpfraevkyaf qmif&ef vdt k yfonf [k tmqD,HEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm;. yl;wJG xkwjf yefonfh a=unmcsuw f iG f azmfjyxm;yg w,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

17

etz 2010 udk [efcsun f n D D wdu k zf su-f u?

tdE, Nd eJ h rav;&Sm;u a':atmifqef;pk-unftwGuf qENjyyGJ jref r m'D r d k u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd aemufxyf wESpcf JG tusOf;csvdkufwmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; tdEdN,eJ@ rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrSm&SdwJh jrefrm'Drdkua&pD tif tm;pkawGu 'Dae@ jrefrmppftpd;k &oH±;Hk &J@ a&S@ rSm oGm;a&muf+yD; qENjycJ=h uygw,f? xk@d twltEd , Nd Ekid if H e,l;a'vDòrdŒrSm &Sw d hJ trsK;d orD;trsm;pkyg0ifwhJ jrefrm'Dru kd a&pD ta&; v_y&f mS ;ol (50) ausmcf ef@ bufppf um; wpD;eJ@ jrefrmppftpd;k &oH±;Hk a&S@wnfw h nfu h kd a&muf&v dS mygw,f? tJ'aD emuf jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDta&; v_y&f mS ;olawG[m a':atmifqef;pk =unfrsuEf mS ykH rsuEf mS zk;H awG wyfqif+yD; “rif; wd@k etz ppftm%m&Sif vufwqkwpf mukd 'Dvo kd m tumtuG,ðf y aer,fq&kd if igw@kd jynfoal wGu +idrcf rH mS r[kwb f ;l ? rif;wd@k usL; vGeo f r# tjypfawGukd igw@kd &ŒJ &ifxo J J ESv;kH xJrmS &Sw d ,fqw kd m/ rif;wd@k +r+J rrJ w S x f m;/ rif;wd@k udk tcGit hf a&;ay;csiw f mu rif;wd@k jynfol

DVB, Aug 12,2009

vlxek @J twl yl;aygi;f vdu k yf g? ryl;aygi;f bl;qd&k if aemifwcsed rf mS jynfov l x l &k @J '%fcwfjcif;udk cH&vdrfhr,f?” wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ qENjyol trsK;d om;awGu jrefrmppftpd;k & oH±;Hk eH&aH wG rSm a':atmifqef;pk=unf csufcsif;v$wf/ oef;a&$ppftpd;k &tvkrd &Sq d w kd hJ etzppftpd;k & qef@usiaf &;pmawGukd r_waf q;Al;awGe@J a&; om;cJ=h uygw,f? rav;&Sm;EdkifiH uGmvrfvrfylòrd@rSm &Sw d hJ jrefrm'Dru kd a&pD tiftm;pkawGuvnf; jrefrmppftpd;k & oH±;Hk a&S@wnfw h nfrh mS etz ppftpd;k & qefusiaf &; qENjy=uayr,fh toH wd w f y J qEN j ycG i f h & w,f v d k @ od & ygw,f ? 'ga=umifh qENjyolawG[m a':atmifqef;pk =unfvw $ af y;a&; pmwrf;ygwhJ ydpk wmawGukd udik +f yD; qENjy=ua=umif; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pD tzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)- rav;&Sm;Xme cG&J ŒJ OuUÏ udak usmaf usmu f ajymygw,f? ÑÑÑ

tjzLa&mifvy+ &f mS ;r+EiS hf qkawmif;yGrJ sm;udk aESmif, h u S rf -+ um;rS qufvufðyvkyf RFA, Aug 20,2009

jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD a cgif ; aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfe@J Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; tm;vH;k vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf teft,fv'f D tzG@J 0ifawG OD;aqmifwhJ tjzLa&mifvy_ &f mS ;r_ukd (5)&ufajrmufae@tjzpf 'Duae@ =o*kwfv (19)&ufrmS qufvuf+y;D ðy vkycf w hJ ,fv@kd o&d yg w,f? 'Dvv kd yk &f mrSm rE aW v;wdik ;f rdwv Dˆ m òrdŒu teft,fvf'DtzGJ@0ifawG tjzLa&mif

18

ud, k pf 0D wfqif+yD; bk&m;udt k oGm;rSm trnf rod vlprd ;f (3)OD;u qdik u f ,fe@J aemufuvdu k f vm+yD; vli,ftzGJ@0if udkatmifpnfxGef;eJ@ twGi;f a&;rª; a': jrifjh rifah t;udk wkwef @J ¶u kd +f y;D xGuaf jy;oGm;w,fv@kd ajymjyygw,f? udak tmifpnfxeG ;f ? ? “tdru f ae xGuv f m+y;D csr;f om}u;D bk&m;em;usawmhav/ qdik u f ,fe@J (3)a,muf a&mufvm+y;D awmh ¶du k f wmayg/h ¶du k w f muawmh tefwjD rifeh @J usaemhf

ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;a&;twGuf pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u/ xºuG-u? udk t"du a¶G;¶dkufwJh yHkpHrsKd;aygh? ¶dkufawmh usawmh vlawGuvnf; [m 'grw&m;vkyf wmyJ/ bmnmeJ@ 'Djyifval wGuvnf; 0dik ;f atmf wmayg?h atmfvu kd af wmh olw@kd qikd u f ,fe@J yJ jyefajy;oGm;w,f? usaemfawmh enf;enf;cdu k f rdomG ;wmyJ/ vuftqpf cdu k rf o d mG ;wm? yg; uawmh enf;enf;a&mifaewmayg?h ” a': jrifhjrifhat;uawmh tenf; tusO;f yJ xdcu kd w f ,fv@kd od&ygw,f? tJ'w D u kd f cdu k w f o hJ al wG pD;vmwJh qdik u f ,f[m eHywfjym; rygwt hJ wGuf rrSwrf v d u kd b f ;l vd@k qdyk gw,f? jynfoludk tcsif;csif;&efwdkufay;wmjzpf+yD;

tr_ziG v hf nf; rxl;jcm;Edik w f ma=umifh &Jpcef;rSm oGm;rwdik b f ;l vd@k ajymygw,f? yk*eH @J anmifO;D òrŒd awGu teft,fv'f D tzG@J 0ifawGu vl(10)a,mufausmyf gwhJ tzG@J (5)zG@J c+JG y;D apwD(5)qlrmS qkawmif;yGaJ wG vkycf hJ w,fv@kd od&ygw,f? jrif;+còH rŒd rSmvnf; (5)&uf ajrmuf tjzLa&mifv_yf&Sm;r_ aemufqkH;ae@ tjzpf vli,fawG[m tjzLa&mifawG0wf+yD; qdkifu,fawGeJ@ òrdŒwGif;vSnfhvnfcJh=uovdk yJc;l òrdŒ/ &efuek w f ikd ;f / oH;k cGe@J wGaH wG;òrdŒawGrmS tjzLa&mifvy_ &f mS ;r_awG vkycf =hJ uwJt h a=umif; owif;awGvnf; &&Scd yhJ gw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

Zm*emESihf udak ZmfoufaxG;wdŒk t,lcu H kd w&m;¶H;k uy,fcs RFA, Aug 20,2009

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yvyfvu kd w f m jzpfw,fv@kd udak ZmfoufaxG;&J@ ZeD; rcdik cf sKd aZmf0if;wifu ajymjyygw,f? rcdkifcsdKaZmf0if;wif? ? “a¶SŒae OD;aZmfvif; ajymwmusawmh trdef@csvdkuf +yDwJh/ usefwJholawG tukefvHk;udkusawmh udak Zmfoufa&m/ OD;ol&a&m/ oef@Zifatmif a&mu t&if¶;kH utwdik ;f yJ twnfw?hJ wif armif a t;ud k u sawmh rS w f y H k w if t r_ r S m oH;k ESpaf v#mah y;w,fw?hJ ” udkZm*emeJ@ udkaZmfoufaxG;wdk@ (4)OD;yg tr_twGuf a¶SŒae OD;aZmfvif;eJ@ a':cifaX;ºuG,fwdk@u vdkufygaqmif¶Gufae wmjzpfygw,f? olwdk@(4)OD;twGuf 'kwd, t}udrt f ,lcu H kd ZGev f (3)&ufae@u av#muf xm;cJw h m jzpfygw,f? yxrt}ud r f t ,l c H u d k +yD ; cJ h w J h azazmf0g&DvtwGif; =um;emppfaq;cJh+yD;

19

etz 2010 udk [efcsun f n D D wdu k zf su-f u? aemuf tm%mydik af wGbufu udZk m*emudk rlvcsrSwfxm;wJh axmif'%f (59)ESpfu (35)ESpt f xd (24)ESpaf v#mch sc+hJ y;D / udak Zmfouf axG;udk rlvcsrw S x f m;wJh axmif'%f (19)ESpf u (11)ESpt f xd (8)ESpaf v#mch say;cJyh gw,f? udw k ifarmifat;uawmh yxr t}urd t f ,lcH pOfu rlvucsrw S cf x H m;&wJh axmif'%f (29) ESpfuae/ (15)ESpfudk av#mhcscHcJh &+yD;/ tck 'kw, d t}udrf t,lc&H mrSm (3)ESpx f yfrH av#mh cH&wJt h wGuf axmif (11)ESpf usc&H zd@k &ydS gw,f? udZk m*emwd@k tr_twGuf txl;t,lcH xyfrH wifru hJ pd u P kd pOf;pm;wdik yf if+yD;rS qH;k jzwfvyk f

aqmifrmS jzpfw,fv@kd udZk m*em&JŒ c,frjzpfol r+idr;f u ajymygw,f? r+ird ;f ? ? “t,lcH y,fvu kd +f yq D akd wmh olw@kd u aemufxyf txlt,lcq H w kd m wck&dS w,f? tJ'gawmh u|erf wd@k enf;enf;pOf;pm; OD;r,f/ udo k &l qENvnf;ar;OD;r,f?” udZk m*emeJ@ udak ZmfoufaxG;wd@k [m em*pfavrkew f ikd ;f '%fc&H wJh jynfoal wGtwGuf ulnu D ,fq,fa&;vkyif ef;awG vkyu f ikd af qmif ¶Guaf y;aepOf tm%mydik af wG&ŒJ zrf;qD;axmif cscx H m;&wmjzpfygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

uk;d uefŒacgif;aqmif 0 e,fajrokŒd 0ifa&mufcv dk H+ Irrawaddy, Aug 26,2009

ukd;uef@ typf&yftzGJ@twGif; ppf tpkd;&tultnDjzifh tm%modrf;yJG jzpfyGm; cJ+h yD;aemuf acgi;f aqmifr_ aumfrwDudk topf zGJ@pnf;vkdufa=umif;ESifh acgif;aqmifa[mif; OD;zkeu f sm;&Sio f nf ‚if;. wyfz@JG rsm;ESit hf wl 0 e,fbufokd@ a&Smifwdrf;oGm;a=umif; od&yg w,f? tm%modr;f cH&ol OD;zkeu f sm;&Siu f 0 wkid ;f &if;om; wyfz@GJ rsm; xde;f csKyf&m e,fajr ok@d ckv d o H_ mG ;onf[k xkid ;f Ekid if H tajcpku d f o#r;f oHawmfqifh owif;pmrS t,f'w D mwOD;jzpfol u tckvakd jymjyygw,f? “'Dae@reuf (7) em&DavmufrSm uk;d uef@um; (8) pD;/ w¶kwu f m; (1) pD;/ 0 um; (1)pD; erfhwifacsmif;ukd ul;vm+yD;awmh 0 wyfr[m (318) ukd a&mufvmw,f/ eHygwjf ym; ðzwfxm;w,f ”[k ajymygw,f?

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tm%odrf;acgif;aqmifrSm 'k OuUÏ wm0ef ,lco Jh l y,fapmufcsed jf zpf+yD; ‚if;ESihf uk;d uef@ acgi;f aqmifa[mif; wOD; jzpfaom OD;𝔢dk vsH wk@d yl;aygi;f um A[kad umfrwDudk jyefvnfz@JG pnf;vku d jf cif; jzpfygw,f? OD;𝔢dk vso H nf uk;d uef@cx JG u G f tzG@J acgi;f aqmifjzpfonf? 1992 ckEpS u f jzpfymG ;chJ aom tzG@J twGi;f tm%mvkrw _ iG f ta&;edrhf ojzihf cGx J u G o f mG ;+y;D vm;&_;d òrŒd wGif oGm;a&muf aexkid cf o Jh jl zpfonf[k od&ygw,f? tm%modr;f r_ t+yD;wGif jrefrmhwyf rawmf ppfbufqikd &f m vHòk cHa&; t&m&Scd sKyf 'k Adv k cf sKyf}uD; &Jjrifv h nf; uk;d uef@w@dk . e,fajr jzpfonhf avmufuidk òf rŒd ok@d a&muf&adS ea=umif; od&ygw,f? ,cktcg ppftpk;d &wyfrsm;onf uk;d uef@a'o wckv;Hk ukd xde;f csKyf&eftwGuf wyf

pnf;urf;&S-d u/ pnf;vH;k -u/ nD!w G -f u = etz 2010 udk wdu k zf su-f u ? rsm; jzef@csxm;onf[k od&ygw,f? ukd;uefŒa'oonf 0 e,fajr. ajrmufbufwiG f &S+d yD;/ rkid ;f vm; txl;a'o onf awmifbufwiG f &Syd gw,f? tm%mod r f ; r_ a =umih f w&k w f jrefrme,fpyfwGifvnf; w&kwfppfwyfrsm; tif;tm;wk;d csŒJ +y;D ae&m,lxm;onf[k od&yg w,f? avmufuidk òf rdŒae vlwaomif;ausmf onf w&kwfjynfbufodk@ xGufajy;oGm; a=umif; owif;&&dyS gw,f? =o*kwv f (23)&ufae@wiG f tm%m

ykid w f @dk u uk;d uef@ acgi;f aqmif OD;zkeu f sm;&Si. f tdrw f iG f vufeufpuf&&Hk o Sd nf[k ta=umif;jy +yD; 0ifa&mufp;D eif;chyJ gw,f? typftcwf &yfpx J m;aom wkid ;f &if; om; vufeufuidk w f yfz@JG rsm;ukd e,fjcm;apmifh wyfrsm;tjzpftoGif ul;ajymif;&eftwGuf ppf tpk;d &u vufeufuidk f wku d yf rJG sm;jzifh zdtm; ay;jcif; ðyvkyrf nf r[kwaf =umif;/ tem*wf wGif xkdtzJG@rsm;ukd rl;,pfaq;0g;/ vufeuf udpw P @dk jzifo h m ta&;,lvmzG,f &dES ikd yf gw,f? ÑÑÑ

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 0ufwyk af uG;yd;k ul;pufc&H ol (1000)ausm&f EdS ikd [ f q k kd 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 irrawaddy, Aug 20,2009

jrefrmEdik if w H iG f vuf&t dS aetxm; t& 0ufwyk af uG; H1N1 a&m*gy;kd ul;puf cH& zG,&f adS om vlaygi;f (1000)ausmf &SEd ikd o f nf[k use;f rma&; OD;pD;XmerS wqifo h &d ygw,f? a&m*gy;kd awGŒ&S&d olrsm;ESihf wtdrf wnf;twlae rdom;pk0ifrsm;/ a&m*gy;kd awGŒ &So d rl sm;ESit hf wl av,mOfwpD;wnf; pD;eif; vdu k yf gco hJ nfh Edik if jH cm;jyefrsm;/ a&m*gy;kd ul; pufcH&olrsm;ESifhtwl ausmif;wufcJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf avqdy0f efxrf;wcsKd ŒrSm H1N1yd;k ul;pufc& H zG,f &So d nf[k tqdyk gXmerS wm0ef&o dS w l OD;u ajymygw,f? “=o*kwv f (13)&ufae@uae 'Dae@ txd a&m*gy;kd &SEd ikd w f ,fv@kd oHo,&S+d yD; apmifh =unfzh @kd vdt k yfwo hJ l pkpak ygi;f (1077)OD;&Sw d ,f? tm;vk;H udk "mwfcpJG rf;oyfz@kd tqifrajyawmh apmif=h u!f¶h ykH &J w dS ,f? a&m*gy;kd awGŒcJw h hJ olawG

eJ@ wtdrw f nf;ae rdom;pk0ifawGuakd wmh t"d uxm;+yD; apmif=h unfah eygw,f” [k ajymjy ygw,f? =o*kwf (19) &ufae@xw k f tpd;k &ydik f owif;pmrsm;wGif jrefrmEkid if YH 0ufwyk af uG; a&m*gy;kd awGŒ&So d l (23)OD;&S+d yD jzpfa=umif; xkwf jyef a=ujimxm;ygw,f? 0ufwkyfauG; a&m*gydk; aemufqHk; awGŒcJo h rl mS touf (12) ESpt f &G,f uav; i,fwOD;jzpf+y;D =o*kwv f (17) &ufae@wiG f zsm; emvmojzifh txl;ukaq;cef;rSwqifh tif;pdef taxGaxGa&m*guk aq;&H}k u;D od@k v$aJ jymif;ay; cJu h m ‚if;aq;&H}k u;D oD;oef@ vlemcef;wGif xm;&Sd ukovsuf&Sda=umif; owif;xkwfjyefxm;yg w,f? ,ae@vuf & S d taetxm;t& apmif=h unf&h rnfo h l (1000)ausmEf iS hf 0ufwyk f

21

rwlwm c%z,f/ wlwmawGeJ‹ pkpnf;/ bHk&efoludk rsufajcrjywfapeJ‹ auG; H1N1 a&m*gy;kd oHo,&So d al ygi;f (176) OD;tm; jynfo@l use;f rma&; "mwfcXJG merS prf; oyfppfaq;cJh&m ydk;ul;pufcH&ol (23) OD; awGŒ&So d nf[v k nf; a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygw,f? 'gayrJh &efuek òf rdŒwGi;f aexdik o f rl sm; rSm tqdyk g a&m*gukd a=umuf&ŒHG xdwv f ef@jcif; r&Sad =umif;/ óudwifumuG,af &; aqmif&u G f csurf sm;vnf; ðyvkyo f nfukd rawGŒ&a=umif; ESihf “aq;cef;vmwJo h al wGukd =unfv h u kd f b,f olrS ESmacgi;f pnf; wyfrvm=ubl;/ vlemaum vlemeJ@twl ygvmwJo h al wGaum b,forl S ESmacgi;f pnf; wyfvm=uwm r&Sb d ;l / a&m*gy;kd udk

a=umuf&aumif;rSe;f rodwmvm;/ igw@dk Eikd if u H awmh a&m*g+yD;w,fv@kd rsm; xifae=uovm; awmif rajymwwfawmhb;l ”[k tm&Sawmf0if txl;ukaq;cef;rS taxGaxGa&m*g txl;uk q&m0ef}uD;wOD;u ajymqdyk gw,f? xdk@jyif jrefrmjynfolrsm;taeESifh =uufwyk af uG;/ 0ufwyk af uG;ponfh a=umuf p&m wkyaf uG;a&m*grsm;udk ra=umuf&ŒGH =ujcif; ESihf use;f rma&;tod enf;yg;=ujcif;rSm tpd;k &. yGiv hf if;r_r&Sjd cif;tjyif rD', D mrsm;. tm;enf; csuv f nf;jzpfa=umif; tqdyk g q&m0ef}uD;u ajymoGm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

twdu k t f cHrsm;u t0ga&mif v+y&f mS ;r+pwif &efuek &f dS twdu k t f cH wufºuGvy_ f &Sm;ol (10) OD;u t0ga&mif v_y&f mS ;r_wckukd ,refae@rS pwifvu kd +f yD; vGecf ahJ om (2) ESpu f ppfwyfu ypfcwfòzcd iG ;f cJo h nhf arwWmokw&f w G f qdk qENjy&mwGif yg0ifcahJ om oHCmawmfrsm; udk *k%ðf yvdu k yf gw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf vGwaf jrmuf a&;twGuf tywfpOfe;D yg; a&$w*d b kH &k m;wGif bk&m;&Scd ;kd qkawmif;r_ðyonhf t*F gae@0wfðy tzG@J rS twdu k t f cH Edik if aH &; v_y&f mS ;olrsm;onf t0ga&mifoauFwrsm; 0wfqifum 0wfðyqk awmif;cJjh cif; jzpfonf? “tckqv kd @kd &&dS if pufwifbmu eD; vm+yDqdkawmhav? t*F g0wfðy qkawmif; toif;u a&$0ga&mifawmfveS ;f a&;&JŒ oauFw jzpfwhJ t0ga&mif acgi;f pnf;/ qHx;kd / yef;/ tusô awG0wf+yD; a&$wd*HkapwDrSm wufa&mufqk awmif;cJ=h uw,f” [k 0wfðyqkawmif;yGw J iG f

22

Mizzima, Aug 26,2009

yg0ifco hJ l a':aemftek ;f vSu ajymjyygw,f? a':aemftek ;f vS OD;;aqmifonhf t*F g 0wfðyqkawmif;tzJ@G u ukov kd ðf yonhf bke;f }u;D ausmif;wdkufrsm;udk a'otm%mydkifrsm;u vdu k v f yH w d yf if&ef óud;pm;cJo h nf[k ppftpd;k & t}u;D tuJ Adv k cf sKyrf ;ª }u;D oef;a&$xH vdyrf u l m wdik =f um;pm ay;yd@k wikd =f um;xm;a=umif; od&yg w,f? tvm;wlvy_ &f mS ;r_wckukd rEœav; òrŒd / rdwv Dˆ m/ &rnf;oif;/ a&eHacsmif;ESifh yJc;l òrŒd wGif wufºuGvy_ &f mS ;olrsm;u a':tmifqef;pk =unfEiS fh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; vGwaf jrmuf a&;twGuf qkawmif; yGrJ sm; ðyvkycf yhJ gw,f? ,ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (19) &ufae@wiG f oCFe;f u|e;f òrdŒe,f av;awmihu f ef &yfuu G rf S &GmOD;bke;f }u;D ausmif;Y tzG@J u qGr;f uyf w&m; emojzihf òrdŒe,ftm%mydik rf sm;u ausmif; wdu k f csw d yf w d cf &H Edik af =umif;od&ygw,f? ÑÑÑ

trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwJh trdef‹tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u w&m;enf ; vrf ; uspG m vk y f u d k i f aqmif&GufovdkeJ@ [efaqmifxm;wJh ppf tpd;k u ol@pw d óf uducf ef@xm;+yD; vkycf sio f vdk vkyfaewJh w&m;±kH;(om;ydkuf aumifw&m;±kH;)awG&J@ Oya' a&;&maqmif & G u f r _ a wG [ m ESvkH;aoG;&yfoGm;Edkifavmuf atmif jzpf a pygw,f ? odyo f cd siv f @kd awmh r[kwf ayrJ h v nf ; usr[mt a=umif;t&maygi;f pku H kd azmfjyxm;wJh +Aw d ed u f pG,fpkHusrf;pmtkyf}uD;xJrSm om;ydkufaumif [m ud, k &f @J uav;i,fukd 0rf;Aku d af &S@ tdwx f J rSmxnf+h yD; b,favmuftxd ckeEf ikd o f vJqkd wm=unfv h u kd af wmh (13²5)rDwm txdcek Ef ikd f w,fqw kd m awGŒ&ygw,f? 'DtuGmta0;[m urBmtdkvHypfpHcsdefxufrsm;pGm ydkygw,f? 'Dom;ydkufaumif w&m;±kH;u w&m;r#wr_ twGuf ykrH eS rf [kww f ahJ qmif&u G cf suaf wGu omref vlom;awGcHEdkifwmawGxuf jyify a&mufaewmawGu tH=h op&m r[kwyf gb;l ? jrefrmjynfrmS ppftpd;k &eJ@ Edik if aH &; t& oabmxm;uGJjym;olawG &ifqdkifawGŒ óuH&wJh pdeaf c:r_awGta=umif; usra&;om;cJh +yD;yg+yD? wdik ;f jynfrmS 'Dru kd a&pDjyefvnf xGe;f um;a&;twGuf wufºuGpGmyg0ifvkyfaqmif aewJholawG[m tusOf;axmifxJudkoGm;zdk@ twGuf tcsdefra&G; tqifoifhjyifxm;&yg w,f? 'Dvzkd rf;qD;r_awG[m nv,facgirf mS yJ jzpfavh&ySd gw,f? omrefb0/ awmifw h if;ckid rf m wJb h 0u tjypfrjhJ ynfoal wG[m tarSmifxJ

a&mufomG ;ovdyk gy?J tJ't D xJrmS trsm;qk;H cH&wmuawmh tefet f ,fv'f t D zJ@G 0ifawGygy?J olwdk@txJu awmfawmfrsm;rsm; [m tusOf;cscH&bl;wJholawG jzpfwt hJ wGuf olw@kd upkd pfaq;ar; jref;wJhtcg b,fvdkqufqHjcif; cH&r,f? tdru f kd wHcg;vmacgu+f yD qd&k if bmypPn;f awGukd ,l &r,f ( vJ p &m t0wf tpm;/ qyfjym/ oGm;wdu k f aq;/ oGm;yGwfwH/ aq;0g;/ apmifwxnf od@k r[kwf ESpx f nfpwmawGukd yvyfpwpftw d f xJxnf+h yD; ,lomG ;&r,f)qdw k m odaeygw,f? tdwf 'grrS [kwf t0wftpm;xnfw h hJ tdwrf sK;d ud, k al qmifciG rhf ðybl;? tdrw f cH g;0udk a&muf vm+yD; 0&rf;rygbeJ @J usaemfw@kd cifAsm;udk &uf tenf;ti,fxdef;odrf;rvdk@qdk+yD;ajym&if aemufw,fvdk@rxifvdkufygeJ@/ t"dy`g,fu axmif'%ftESpEf pS q f ,fjzpfygw,f? usr&J@ ±kH;tzGJ@0ifawGxJu t"du yk*~dKvfjzpfwJh OD;0if;xdef[m vGefcJhwJharv&J@ nwpfnrSm tzrf;cHc&hJ ygw,f? ol[m ol,&l rJh ypPn;f awGukd xkwyf ;kd +yD;yg+yD? ol[m'Dt&ifu tifpdefaxmifrSm (6)ESpftuscHcJh&bl;yg+yD? ol[m usraetdrrf mS txde;f odr;f cH&wJah e@rmS yJ usr&J@aetdru f ae zrf;qD;ac:aqmifomG ;cH &wJo h al wGxrJ mS wpfa,muftygt0ifjzpf+yD; 1995 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D twGi;f u jyefvw G f vmwJo h jl zpfygw,f?

Oya'udv k rJG mS ;pGmusio hf ;Hk jcif;

(aemuf w ywf w G i f q uf v uf z wf ± _ y g&ef ) a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf . rS ul ; ,l a z: jyygonf ?

Letter from Burma

23

ppftkyfpk. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtm; qefŒusifwdkufzsuf-u

a':atmifqef;pk-unf vGwaf jrmufa&; ajy;yGu J si;f y Irrawaddy, Aug 28,2009

a':atmifqef;pk=unf vGwaf jrmuf a&;twGuf pkaygif;ajy;yGJwckudk tdENd,EdkifiH e,l;a'vDòrdŒ&Sd av'D&S&D&rf aumvdyfwGif usi;f yðyvkycf yhJ gw,f? av'D&&S &D rfaumvdy. f ausmif;ol a[mif;wOD;jzpfol a':atmifqef;pk=unf rw&m; csKyfaESmif cHae&onfukd vltrsm;od ap&efEiS hf ‚if;vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf ,ckuo hJ @kd ðyvkyjf cif;jzpfonf[k tqdyk g aumvdyrf S uxd u wOD;u ajymjyygw,f? “ESpw f ikd ;f 'Dvrkd sKd ; txdr;f trSww f ckck twGuf ajy;yGaJ wG vkyyf gw,f? 'DEpS rf mS awmh vlom;csi;f pmemaxmufxm;r_ tcGit hf a&; awG qH;k ¶_;H aewJh usrwd@k ausmif;ola[mif;jzpfwhJ jrefrmjynfu a':atmifqef;pk=unf vGwf ajrmufa&;twGuf usi;f yygw,f”[k um, ¶lyaA' odyXH` me (Physical Science) rS uxdu Mrs.Meenakshi Phahujau ajymjy ygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf rdcif jzpfol a':cif=unf wm0efus&m tdE, dN Edik if H wGif vdu k yf gaexdik &f if; av'D&&S &D rf aumvdyrf S 1964 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHa&;ody`H bmom&yfudk *k%x f ;l wef;rS bG@J &atmifjrifco hJ l jzpfygw,f? oluqufvufI “trsKd ;orD; aum vdyw f ckjzpfwhJ usrwd@k ausmif;rSmawmh ausmif; olawGtm;vH;k u ol@uakd v;pm;*k%, f =l uw,f? ol[m trsKd ;orD; jri‡ w hf ifa&;eJ@ trsKd ;orD;u¾ twGuaf wmh taumif;qH;k erlem jy,k*w f ckyg yJ? usrwd@k tckvkd vkyw f t hJ wGuf ol@ta=umif; vlawGyo kd o d mG ;Edik rf ,fv@kd ar#mv f ifw h ,f? tJ'u D

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aerSwqifh txl;ojzifh tdENd,tpdk;&vnf; odEdkif+yD;awmh olvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf ajymqdu k n l ED ikd v f rd rhf ,fv@kd xifygw,f? 'Dupd u P kd rarhoifb h ;l ? vlrodorl od zke;f uG,rf xm;oifh ygb;l ”/ at;csr;f aomb0ESihf rdom;pkupkd eG @f +yD; rdrw d ikd ;f jynf 'Dru kd a&pDa&;twGuf ud, k u f sKd ;pGe@f tepfemcHóud;yrf;aom trsKd ;orD;wa,muf rw&m;csKyaf ESmif cHae&onfukd jyif;jyif;xefxef a0zef¶w _ cf sa=umif; oluajymqdo k mG ;ygw,f? “usrwd@k &ŒJ pDe, D m/ usrwd@k ausmif; u ausmif;ola[mif; a':atmifqef;pk=unf [m ol@wikd ;f jynf tusKd ;twGuv f yk &f if; rw&m; r_ukd cHpm;ae&wJo h yl g? ol'b D 0udk b,fvrkd sm; }uHh}uHhckdifcdkif &ifqdkifjzwfoef;aeovJqdkwm usrwd@k tzd@k tHt h m;oifph &mygy?J omrefajy;¶Hk oufoufr[kwb f J ol@vw G af jrmufa&; twGuf ajy;&wmqdak wmh pdwx f rJ mS 'g[mol@twGuf ygvm;qdkwJh psmef0ifaewmaygh? ol@udkvnf; tjrefq;kH vGwaf pcsiyf gw,f” [k yg0if,OS òf ydif cJo h nfh pD;yGm;a&;ynm ausmif;ol Mani Gupta u ajymoGm;ygw,f? av'D&&S &D rfaumvdyf taemufbuf *dwaf ygurf S pwifonfh ajy;vrf;onf (3²3) uDvrkd w D m (2 )rdik ef ;D yg; &Snv f sm;+y;D ta&SŒbuf yifrt0ifwiG f yef;0iftqH;k owfonf? pkaygi;f ajy;yGw J iG f ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olaygi;f (600) yg0ifc+hJ yD; yxrqH;k yef;0ifou l kd qkzvm;ESihf wjcm; qk&olrsm;udk aps;0,fciG hf abmufcsm rsm;tjyif òyid yf 0JG ifol (420)udk wD&yS rf sm; cs;D jri‡ hf cJo h nf[k od&ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ;

tar&duef atmufvw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ jrefrmEdik if aH &muf&Sd Mizzima, Aug 28,2009

oHwrefa&;&mESifh taxmuftyHh ay;a&; tpDtpOf jyefvnf oH;k oyfa&;twGuf tar&duef atmufvw $ af wmf Edik if jH cm;qufqH a&;aumfrwDrS u|rf;usift&m&Sd oHk;OD;onf &efuek òf rd@o@kd a&muf&v dS mcJo h nf[k oHwref owif;&yfuu G t f & od&ygw,f? ‚if;ud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J onf em*pfrek f wkid ;f wku d cf u kd &f m a'orsm;od@k oGm;a&muf

=u!fh¶_@rSmjzpfovdk tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;ESiv hf nf; awG@qrkH mS jzpf+yD; we*FaEG ae@wGif jrefrmEdkifiHrS jyefvnfxGufcGmrSm jzpfa=umif;od&ygw,f? tqdyk gtzG@J onf a'owGi;f tjcm; Edik if rH sm;udv k nf; oGm;a&mufvnfywfco hJ nf[k od&ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

tar&duefatmufvw $ af wmft&m&drS sm; teft,fv'f ED iS fh awGŒqkH jrefrmhEikd if aH &;tajctaersm; aqG;aEG; NEJ, Aug 29,2009

trsKd;om; 'D r d k u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf teft,fvf'D A[dk tvk y f t r_ a qmif tzG J @ 0if r sm;onf tar&duefatmuf v$waf wmf/ Edik if jH cm;a&;&m aumfrwDrS t&m&dS (3)OD;ESihf ,refae@ naeydkif;wGif tzGJ@csKyf tpnf;ta0;cef;rY awG@qaHk qG;aEG;cJyh gw,f? ,if;od@k aqG;aEG;&mwGif teft,fv'f D A[dk tvkyftr_aqmif tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpfonfh OD;!Gef@a0/ OD;oef;xGef;/ OD;pdk;jrifh/ OD;cifarmif aqGwdk@ESihftwl jyef=um;a&;tzGJ@0if OD;tkef; óudi/f ajymcGi&fh yk*Kd~ vf OD;^m%f0if;ESifh ¶k;H tzG@J r;ª OD;vSrif;wd@k vnf; yg0ifa=umif; od&ygw,f? vuf&ESd ikd if aH &; tajctae/ a':atmif qef;pk=unf. vuf&t Sd ajctaeESifh Edik if aH &; tusO;f om;rsm;. tajctaersm;udk t"du

xm; aqG;aEG;cJ=h uonf[k OD;^m%f0if;u ajym jyygw,f? jref r mh E d k i f i H a &;aqG ; aEG ; &mwG i f tar&duefatmufv$wfawmf t&m&dSrsm;u a&G;aumufyGJESihfywfoufI wdkufwGef;onfh oabm/ aqmif&u G o f iho f nf qdo k nfh oabm rsK;d ajymqdak qG;aEG;jcif;r&d=S ua=umif; OD;^m%f 0if;u ajymygw,f? teft,fv'f b D ufrS a&G;aumufyEJG iS fh ywfoufI rnfodk@oabmxm;&dSw,f/ a&G; aumufy+JG yD;ygu rnfo@kd jzpfvmrnf qdo k nfh tajctaeESihf vuf&dStypftcwf&yfpJa&; tzG@J rsm;ESifh rajyrvnfjzpfaeonhf tajctae ay:wGif teft,fv'f u D qk;H jzwfEikd jf cif; r&dS ao;onfh tcsurf sm;udk &Si;f jycJah =umif; od&yg w,f? “a&G;aumufyeJG @J ywfoufv@kd OD;pk;d jrifu h &Si;f jyygw,f? vuf&t Sd m;jzifh jrefrmhEikd if H

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a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESifh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf? a&;tajctaeeJ@ ywfouf&if aemufq;Hk jzpf ay:aewJh e,fpyfrwnfr+idrrf /_ 'gawGukd xnhf oGif;okH;oyf&r,f? aemufwcku &ufydkif; twGi;f rSm jrefrmjynfwcsKŒd aomae&mawGrmS Oya'rjyÏmef;ao;bJe@J wcsKŒd aomygwaD wGu qdkif;bkwfaxmif+yD;awmh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzdk@ aºuG;a=umfaew,f? 'DvdktajctaeawGudk olw@kd ukd &Si;f jyw,f? jrefrmhEikd if aH &;eJ@ ywfouf +yD;awmh teft,fv'f u D aomfvnf;aumif;/ rpPwmbefurD eG ;f uaomfvnf;aumif; tm;vk;H yg0ifEikd af &;vd@k ajym+yD; 'Dvt kd ajctaejzpfay: aew,f? tJvdkjzpfay:aewJhtajctaerSm teft,fv'f u D a&G;aumufy0JG ifa&; r0ifa&; [m qk;H jzwfz@kd rjzpfEikd af o;bl;qdw k mudk olw@kd udk &Si;f jycJw h myg”[k ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS fh ywfouf I vuf&dSaexdkif&onhftajctaeESihf xdef; odr;f xm;onft h ajctaeudv k nf; tar&duef t&m&dSrsm;u ar;jref;=uojzifh ,if;tajc taersm;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif&Sif;jycJhonf[k OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f? “usaemf u ajymjyvd k u f w ,f ? a':atmifq ef ; pk = unf u (3) ES p f a xmif '%fusw,f? tJ'x D rJ mS (1) ESpcf u JG kd y,fzsuf vdu k +f yD/ (1) ESpcf u JG sew f ,f? usew f hJ tJ'D (1) ESpfcGJudk qdkif;iHhxm;w,f? qdkif;iHhwJhtwGuf a':atmifqef;pk=unf[m vGwv f yfpmG aexdik f cGifh&dS&r,f? odk@aomfvnf;yJ rvGwfvyfbl;/ tusOf;usw,f? tJvdktusOf;uswm[m etztpdk;&&JŒtrdef@a=umihf? tJ'Dtrdef@u vnf; Oya'rSm 'Dvakd qmif&u G cf iG rhf &db S ;l qdw k m

26

udk usaemf&iS ;f jyw,f”? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; (2˜000) ausmf&dSaeonfudk tar&dueft&m&dSrsm;u odae+yD; xdktusOf;om;rsm;. axmifwGif; aexdik &f onfh tajctaeudak r;jref;a=umif;/ ,if;tajctaersm;udk axmifwGif;tawG@ tóuHrsm;onfh OD;cifarmifaqGEiS fh OD;tke;f óudif wd@k u &Si;f jycJah =umif; OD;^m%f0if;u ajymyg w,f? xd@k tjyif teft,fv'f yD gwt D wGi;f generation gap jzpfaeonfu h pd u P v kd nf; ar;jref; cJhojzifh tzGJ@0ifvl}uD;rsm;u tzGJ@csKyfwGif vli,frsm;onf e*du k wnf;u pdw"f mwf&+Sd yD; om; vli,frsm;jzpfonft h wGuf new generation tiftm;rsm;onf &dS+yD;om;jzpfa=umif; &Si;f jycJo h nf[k OD;^m%f0if;u qufvufajym =um;ygw,f? teft,fv'f D A[dak umfrwD0ifrsm; ESifh awG@qaHk qG;aEG;cJo h nfh tar&duefatmuf v$waf wmft&m&drS sm;rSm 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwrD S Lynne WeilESifh Jessica Lee/ &DywfbvDuefyg wDrS Dennis Halpin wd@k onf (4) &uf=um c&D; pOftjzpf jrefrmEkid if o H @kd a&muf&aSd epOf tef t,fv'f D tzG@J csKyf0ifrsm;ESihf awG@qcHk jhJ cif; jzpfyg w,f? xdo k @kd t&m&drS sm; vma&mufar;jref; r_EiS yhf wfoufI OD;^m%f0if;u “olw@kd ajymwJh pum;awGt&yJ jrefrmhEikd if aH &;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; awmh tcsut f vufawG vma&mufpak qmif; w,fqw kd m ay:aew,f? b,ftwGuv f q J kd wmu uGe*f &uftwGuv f m;/ rl0g'opftwGuf

tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf? vm; 'gawmh usaemfw@kd vnf;rodygb;l ” [k ajymygw,f? “'geJ@ywfouf+yD;awmh a':atmif qef;pk=unfu òcHi+Hk yD;awmh ok;H oyfcsuaf y;yg w,f? wckcsif; wckcsif;awmh olrajymbl;? olajymwmu rpPwm0ufb&f ŒJ ajymqdak &;om; ae wJ[ h mawGu tdb k m;rm;rl0g'awGv@kd olr ,k=H unfb;l wJ”h [k ajymqdak =umif; OD;^m%f0if; u jyefvnfajym=um;cJh+yD;/ a&G;aumufyGJ

ESihfywfoufI teft,fvf'Doabmxm;udk ,ckuo hJ @dk &Si;f jyoGm;ygw,f? “usaemfwdk@ a&G;aumufyGJ0ifa&;/ r0ifa&; pOf;pm;wm tJ'Da&G;aumufyGJ&JŒ &v'fu jynfov l x l t k wGuf tusK;d &dv S m;/ r&dS vm;qdkwm usaemfwdk@vdkcsifwmjzpfw,f? tJ'gawG vkH;0rSr&Edkif&if bmrSvkyfp&mr&dS awmhb;l ” [k teft,fv'f D ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf OD;^m%f0if;u ajym=um;oGm;cJyh gw,f?Ñ Ñ Ñ

ud;k uefŒwyfEiS hf ppftpd;k &wyfrsm;t-um; wdu k yf rJG sm;jzpfymG ; Mizzima, Aug 28,2009

ud;k uef@wyfz@JG rsm;ESifh jrefrmppftpd;k &wyfrsm;t=um; odompGm wif;rmr_rsm; jzpf yGm;aecJ+h y;D aemuf =umoyaw;ae@u w¶kw-f jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf tenf;qH;k ae&m (3) ae&mwGif oD;jcm;pD wdu k yf rJG sm; jzpfymG ;cJyh gw,f? e,fpyfowif;&yfuu G rf sm; tqdt k & yxrwdkufyGJrSm w¶kwf-jrefrme,fpyfteD; &efvpkH u kd òf rŒd wGif a'opHawmfcsed f eHeuf (7) em&D u jzpfymG ;cJw h ,f? aemufwu kd yf w JG ckrmS zH=k um; &Sifacgif;aqmifaom udk;uef@wyfu olwdk@ aemufrS xuf=uyfruGmvdu k af eaom ppftpd;k &wyfz@JG rsm;udk awmwGi;f wGif òccH w kd u kd cf u kd v f u kd f jcif; jzpfygw,f? xdak e@aemufyikd ;f naecif;ta&muf wGif e,fpyfteD; csi;f a&$a[mfòrŒd em;wGif ESpzf uf wyfrsm; wem&Dausm=f um wdu k yf jJG zpfymG ;cJyh g w,f? zke=f um;&SiEf iS fh ol.opPmawmfcrH sm; u ppftpd;k &. tqdðk ycsuu f kd jiif;y,fvu kd f aomfvnf; ppftpd;k &url olw@kd . tqdðk ycsuf

udk vufcv H o kd nfh zke. f vufaxmufyikd pf ckd sed Ef iS fh zkew f @kd t=um; tuGt J +yJukd jrifaecJyh gw,f? Todk@ toGifajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;&ef typf&yftzG@J rsm;udk qGaJ qmifI r&onht f qH;k xdktzGJ@rsm; aemufqHk; ta=umif;jyef&rnfh ae@&ufukd ppftpd;k &u atmufwb kd mvtxd a&$@qikd ;f ay;cJyh gw,f? xdt k awmtwGi;f tpd;k &wyfz@JG rsm; u ud;k uef@txl;a'o (1)twGi;f od@k rl;,pf aq;0g;yaysmufa&; ta=umif;jycsufjzifh xd;k azmuf0ifa&mufc+hJ y;D avmufuikd w f iG f a'o uGyu f aJ &;ppfXmecsKyf (ROC) wckukd tajcðy zGiv hf pS x f m;&Scd yhJ gw,f? tpdk;&wyfzGJ@rsm;ESihf &JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm; onf zke. f aetdru f kd =o*kwv f (8) &ufae@wiG f w}urd /f (21)&ufae@wiG w f }urd f 0ifa&mufp;D eif; &SmazGcyhJ gw,f? od@k aomf (2)}udrpf vH;k wGif zkef =um;&Siu f vGwaf jrmufatmif a&Smif&mS ;oGm; Edik cf yhJ gw,f? pD;eif;r_rsm;t+yD; vm;&d_;&JwyfzGJ@u

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ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;a&;twGuf pnf;vHk;-u/ nD!Gwf-u/ xºuG-u? =o*kwv f (22) &ufae@wiG f zke=f um;&SiEf iS fh ol@ nDtygt0if ol. vkyaf zmfuikd b f uf (3)OD;udk w&m;¶H;k a&SŒod@k vma&muf&ef qifq h ckd o hJ nf? tqdyk g (4)OD;u w&m;¶H;k a&SŒod@k rvma&muf onhaf emufyikd ;f w&m;¶H;k u zke=f um;&SiEf iS t fh zG@J udk zrf;0&rf;xkwcf yhJ gw,f? jrefrmppftpd;k & tvd&k o dS nfh pm&if; yg zke=f um;&SiEf iS fh ol@wyfz@JG 0ifrsm;onf t*F gae@ u avmufuikd . f ajrmufbufo@kd qkwcf mG oGm; &+y;D ud;k uef@òrŒd awmfukd vufvw $ v f u kd &f +yD jzpf ygw,f? jrefrmppftpd;k &u ud;k uef@&dS jrefrm

trsK;d om; 'Dru dk &ufwpf r[mrdww f yfrawmf (MNDAA)wGif ydi k pf ckd sed u f kd acgi;f aqmifwifI t*F gae@u jyefvnfjyifqifz@JG pnf;cJo h nf? wcsdefu tvGeftiftm;=uD;rm;cJh aom ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD (BCP). wyfz@JG 0ifa[mif;rsm;jzpfcJhaom MNDAA udk;uef@ wyfonf 1989 ckEpS w f iG f BCPrS cGx J u G cf +hJ yD;/ ppftpd;k &ESifh xdEk pS w f iG yf if typftcwf&yfpaJ &; pmcsKyfcsKyfqckd yhJ gw,f? txl;a'otjzpf owf rSwfay;jcif;cH&um pD;yGm;a&;vkyfcGifhtrsm; tjym;tygt0if txl;tcGit hf a&;rsm; cHpm; cGi&fh cJyh gw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

&efuek òf rdŒY(7) xyfwu dk af y:u ðywfus_yD; vl ESpOf ;D aoqk;H DVB, Aug 27,2009

&efuek w f idk ;f prf;acsmif;òrŒd e,frmS (7) xyfwu dk af y:u ðywfus+yD; vlEpS Of ;D aoqk;H oGm;w,fv@kd o&d ygw,f? aoqk;H olEpS Of ;D [m ZeD;armifEjHS zpf+y;D (10) em&Dcef@u u|ef;awmawmif&yfuGuf a&$v0ef; vrf;/ (7)xyfay:u ðywfus+yD; yGcJ si;f +yD; aoqk;H oGm;wmyg? aoqkH;oltrsKd;orD;u a':rdrdcdkif jzpf+yD; cifyeG ;f onf trnfuakd wmh rod&ao; ygb;l ? prf;acsmif;oòr@d e,f &Jpcef;ukd qufo, G f ar;jref&m aoqk;H olEpS Of ;D pvk;H (45)ESpcf ef@&+dS yD; a':rd r d c k d i f [ m ausmif; q&mrjzpfa =umif; twnfðyajymqk+d y;D cifyeG ;f onftrnfukd pkpH rf; qJv@dk pcef;wm0efus &Jt&m&Su d ajymygw,f? “vifr,m;csif; pum;rsm;+yD; wa,mufeJ@ wa,muf vH;k axG;+yD; ðywfuswmyg? trsK;d

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orD;u ausmif;q&mrjzpf+yD; trsKd;om;u tvkyt f udik f r&Syd gb;l ?” aoqH;k &wJh tao; pdwt f csut f vufukd rod&ao;bl;vd@k tJ'D wm0efus&t J &m&Su d ajymygw,f? vifr,m;csi;f pum;rsm;&mu wdu k f ay:u ckecf swhJ ZeD;udk cifyeG ;f u vdu k q f &JG if; ESpaf ,mufpvk;H ðywfuswmvk@d &yfuu G x f rJ mS owif;awG xGufaea=umif; a'ocHwOD;u ajymygw,f? “trsK;d orD;u (7) v$muae ckecf s aozd@k vyk w f m trsK;d om;u vdu k q f &JG if;eJ@ ol@ trsK;d om;yg usomG ;w,f? ±kyyf suq f if;ysuef @J ESpfa,mufpvHk; yGJcsif;+yD;aooGm;w,f?” ðywfusaoqk;H +y;D r=umrDrmS yJ tavmif;awGudk &efukefaq;¶kH}uD;udk ydk@aqmif+yD; ppfaq;ae w,f[k od&ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

xGuaf ygufurkd &SmbJ azmufxu G -f u ?

2010 tvdrk &Sd v+y&f mS ;r+ anmifO;D wGif ðyvkyf rE Wav;wkdif; yk*H-anmifOD;òrdŒrSm 2010 a&G;aumufyJG tvdrk &Sq d w kd hJ v_y&f mS ;r_ awGðyvkyfvdkufygw,f? t0ga&mif r_wfaq; awGe@J 2010 a&G;aumufyJG tvdrk &Sq d +kd yD; òrdŒ&J@ um;vrf;rawGay:rSm a&;xm;wm awG@&w,f vd@k òrdŒcHwcsK@d u ajymygw,f? 'Dae@ reuf (8) em&Dcef@u ud, k w f idk f oGm;=unfv h mwJh a'ocH wOD;u ajymygw,f? “yk*-H anmifO;D vrf;wav#mufrmS r_wfaq;eJ@ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudk tvdkr&Sd qd+k y;D 2010udk =uwfajccwfxm;w,f? aemuf wcku z&D;bm;rm;vd@k a&;xm;w,f? Edik if aH &; tusO;f om;awGe@J jrefrmEdik if rH mS &Sw d hJ jynfol jynfom;tm;vH;k udk vGwv f yfapcsiw f hJ pmom; ayg?h ” anmifO;D uae yk*òH rŒd opfukd oGm; wJv h rf; uGi;f xrf;rif; &Gmem;u bk&m;em;rSm a&;w,f?

DVB, Aug 27,2009

tmENem bk&m;em;rSmvnf;a&;w,f? yk*H a&S;a[mif; jywdkufa&SŒu uwW&mvrf;rSm a&$a&mifpmvH;k awGe@J a&;w,f? jrif;uyg uke;f qif;rSm a&;w,f? yk*òH rdŒopf/ òrdŒv,f bk&m; em;rSmvnf; a&;w,f? cef@reS ;f ajc (6)ae&m avmufa&;w,f? “'Dvy_ &f mS ;r_awGukd tm%mydik af wG odomG ;+yD; aq;trnf;awGe@J vdu k zf suw f t hJ cg zsu&f mra&mufbJ aq;trnf;eJ@ xyfa&;ovdk jzpfaew,fv@kd tJ'D a'ocHu ajymygw,f?” tm%mydkifawGbufu pmawGudk vdkufzsuf+yD; pHkprf;ae=uw,f? 'Dv_yf&Sm;r_eJ@ ywfoufvdk@ zrf;qD;ppfaq;wm r&Sdayr,fh vkòH cHa&;udk wd;k csxm;w,fv@kd òrdŒcHawGuajym jyygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

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jrefrmEkid if H ud;k uef@e,fu 'kuQ onfawGw&kwf EdkifiHbuf cdkvHk aew,f q d k w J h owif;a=umifh ukvor*~ 'kuQ onfrsm;qdkif&m r[mrif;}uD;¶Hk;u pdk;&drf a=umif; ajym=um;vdu k yf gw,f? ppftpk;d &eJ@ ud;k uef@wyfz@JGawGt=um; jzpfaewJw h if;rmr_awG/ wdu k yf aJG wGa=umifh a'o

cHawG w¶kwb f ufukd xGuaf jy;ae=u&wmyg? 'DudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD;awmh rae@uðyvkyfcJhwJh ukvor*~ owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGrJ mS ajymcGi&hf ol rpf&v JS f rGe;f wufpf u tckvkd ajym=um;oGm;yg w,f? “r=umao;cif &ufowWywfawG twGi;f jrefrmEdik if H ta&SŒajrmufyikd ;f &Sr;f jynf e,fu 'kuo Q nfaygi;f wpfaomif;uae oH;k aomif;txd w¶kwEf ikd if H ,leefjynfe,fxJ ajy; 0ifcv dk w kH ,fqw kd hJ owif;a=umifh ukvor*~ 'kuo Q nfrsm;qdik &f m r[mrif;}uD;¶H;k u pd;k &drf

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a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESifh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf? ruif;jzpfa=umif; azmfxw k af jym=um;vdu k f yg w,f? 'D'kuQonfawGtwGuf bmawGvkd tyfaeovJqdkwm UNHCRu tm%mydkif awGeJ@ !dêEd_if;aeygw,f? jrefrmEkdifiHbufu oH;k aomif;txd &Sw d v hJ al wG ppftpk;d &eJ@ wdik ;f &if; om;wyfz@JG awGt=um; jzpfymG ;wJh ppfyaJG wGukd wde;f a&Smif&if; w¶kwEf idk if b H ufu ae&mwcsKd Œ qDukd =o*kwv f (8)&ufae@up+yD; 0ifa&muf

vmae=uwm jzpfygw,f? ,leeftm%mydik f awGtaeeJ@ 'kuo Q nfawGtwGuf aep&m pm; p&meJ@ aq;0g;awG axmufyahH y;xm;w,fv@kd vnf; od&ygw,f? 'Dvkd ulnaD xmufyEhH idk af &; twG u f a'otm%myd k i f a wG u d k ul n D z d k @ UNHCRuvnf; toif& h adS eygw,f”[k ukv or*~ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf rpf&v JS rf eG ;f wufpu f ajym jyoGm;ygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

óuŒd yifaumufrS rrmrmat;udk tvky-f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (2) ESpcf srw S f Yoma3, Aug 29,2009

yJc;l wdik ;f / aygi;f wnftusO;f axmif wGif tusO;f usum w&m;pGq J jkd cif;cHae&onfh óudŒyifaumufòrdŒrS touf (46) ESp&f dS rrmrm at;udk ppftpd;k &w&m;¶k;H u tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (2) ESpf csrw S v f u kd yf gw,f? ,ckv(15)&ufae@u 'k&t J yk af usmf pd;k ESihf &Jar eDerD mwd@k u r,uOuUXrS ac:onf [kqu kd m aetdrrf S ac:aqmifomG ;+yD;aemuf aygif;wnf tusOf;axmifokd@ ykd@aqmifcJh+yD; trde@f csrw S v f u kd jf cif; jzpfygw,f? rrmrmat;udk a':atmifqef;pk=unf tm; t+yD;owftrde@f csrw S rf nfh ,ckv (11) &ufae@u aygi;f wnfòrŒd vBu&f nfqikd w f iG f oHCm awmfwyg;ESihf pum;ajymqdo k nfukd ta=umif; ðyum rouFmr_jzifh zrf;qD;+y;D (17) &ufae@wiG f rdom;pkyifrodvu dk b f J óuŒd yifaumufw&m;¶k;H rS ¶k;H xkwpf pfaq;um aygi;f wnfaxmifo@kd y@kd aqmifcjhJ cif;jzpfygw,f? rrmrmat;udk óuŒd yifaumufòrŒd e,f &Jpcef;rSL;u Edik if aH wmf rwnfr+idrjf zpfatmif

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aoG;xd;k v_ŒH aqmfr_ yk'rf (505) (c)jzifh +y;D cJo h nfh (26)&ufae@u ¶k;H xkwpf pfaq;cJ+h y;D aemuf ,ae@ (28) &ufae@wiG f óudŒyifaumufòrdŒe,f w&m; ¶kH;rS w&m;ol}uD; OD;jrodef;u ,if;yk'frjzifh tvky=f urf;ESihf axmif'%f (2) ESpf csrw S v f u kd f jcif;jzpfygw,f? w&m;¶kH;odk@ a&muf&SdcJholwOD;u “trde@f csvu kd +f yD? trde@f cswmu (10) em&De@J (43) rdepf/ Edik if aH &;orm;qdak wmh p+yD;awmh w&m;¶H;k udk 0ifvmuwnf;u vufjy+yD; òyH;òyH; ¶$if¶$ifeJ@yJ 0ifvmw,f? wcgxGufoGm;awmh vnf; òy;H òy;H ¶$i¶f i$ f vufjy+y;D awmhyJ xGuo f mG ;yg w,f? ol@&JŒ tar&,f/ tpfr&,f/ wl&,f vmygw,f? w&m;¶k;H eJ@ ay (30) tuGmavmuf rSmyJ ae&w,f/ bmoHrrS =um;bl;” [k ajymyg w,f? rrmrmat;wGif ESv;Hk a&m*gEiS hf av; bufema&m*g&Sdojzifh aygif;wnfaxmifodk@ pa&mufcsed Ef iS hf ,ckawG@vu dk o f nfh tajctae uGmjcm;+yD; rsm;pGmydeo f mG ;onf[k ‚if;uquf

tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf? vuf ajymjyygw,f? +yD;cJo h nfh (26) &ufae@u w&m;¶k;H xkwf ppfaq;&mwGif oHCmawmfrsm;tm; pnf;¶k;H cJo h vm;[k w&m;¶k;H u ar;jref;csuu f kd jiif;qdck ahJ omfvnf; ,ae@wiG f tqkyd gtrde@f ukd w&m;¶k;H u csrw S cf jhJ cif;jzpfygw,f? ,ae@ rrmrmat;tm; w&m;¶k;H rS olrtm; pGq J x kd m;onfh yk'rf ESihf csrw S o f nfh jypf '%ftrde@f uo kd m zwfjycJjh cif;jzpf+yD; jiif;qdyk idk f

cGiEhf iS hf av#mufvyJ idk cf iG rhf &&Sad =umif; ud, k w f idk f oGm;a&mufco hJ u l ajymjyygw,f? rrmrmat;onf (88) rsKd;quf ausmif;om;rsm;tzGJ@rS tzGJ@0if udkrsKd;oef@. tpfrjzpf+y;D ukrd sK;d oef@ukd ppftpd;k &u +y;D cJo h nfh ESpf =o*kwv f (7) &ufae@wiG f yk'rf (145) jzifh w&m;pGJqkdum axmif'%f (2)ESpf csrSwfcJh ojzifh vuf&dS o&uftusO;f axmifwiG f tusO;f uscaH e&qJjzpfygw,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ

zl;uufwiG f qENjy jrefrmtvkyo f rm;rsm; tzrf;cH& Irrawaddy, Aug 19,2009

xdik ;f Edik if H zl;uufòrdŒrS jrefrmtvkyf orm;rsm;u tvkyo f rm;tcGifh ta&;rsm;&&dS &ef tvkyrf qif;bJ qENjy=ujcif;rSm vkyt f m; cenf;yg;jcif;/ vpmykrH eS rf &jcif;/ tvkyo f rm; rsm; taºuG;jzifh 0,f,lpm;okH;Edkifonfh pm; aomufqikd u f kd ydwjf cif;/ tvkyo f rm;rsm; ae xdik o f nfh tcef;wGif a&ESihf v#ypf pfr;D ykrH eS rf &&Sd jcif;/ wem&Dv#if bwf (20)E_e;f jzifh tcsed yf kd vkyf ay;&jcif;wd@k a=umifh jzpfonf[k tvkyo f rm; wpfO;D u ajymygw,f? qENjycJw h t hJ r_e@J ywfoufI tvkyf orm; (95)OD;udk w&m;r0if tvkyo f rm;rsm; jzpfonf[k ‚if;wk@d . tvky&f iS u f &Jwyfz@GJ udk wkdif=um;ojzihf zrf;qD;cH=u&a=umif; od&yg w,f? aqmufvyk af &; vkyif ef;cGiw f iG f vkyf ukdifaom xkdjrefrmjynfom;rsm;rSm tvkyf orm; rSwyf w Hk ifvufrw S jf zihf vkyu f idk af e=ujcif; jzpfonf? ok@d aomfvnf; w&m;r0if tvkyf

orm;rsm; jzpfonf[k ‚if;wk@d . tvky&f iS u f &Jwyfz@GJ udk vdrn f m ta=umif;=um;+yD; zrf;qD; &ef tultnDawmif;cHco Jh nf[k xdik ;f tajc pdu k f ynma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;tzG@J (Foundation for Education and Development- FED) u ajymjy ygw,f? qufvuf xde;f odr;f cHae&olrsm;xJ wGif trsK;d orD; (5) OD; yg0ifa=umif;/ &Jpcef;u ‚if;wkd@tm;vkH;ukd vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;Xme (v0u) xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;ok@d v$aJ jymif;ay; vdu k o f nf[k od&ygw,f? v0u xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;&Sd tvkyf orm;wOD;u ‚if;wk@d udk jrefrm Ekid if b H ufjcrf;ok@d jyefy@kd rnfukd pk;d &draf =umif;/ zl;uufòro d @dk jyefvnf 0ifa&muf&ef tcuftcJ&+Sd yD; aiGa=u;rsm;pGm ukeu f srnfjzpfa=umif; FED ¶k;H ok@d zke;f quf ta=umif; =um;chaJ =umif;od&ygw,f? ÑÑÑ

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tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0HhpGmazmfxkwf-u?

rav;&Sm; tcsKyfcef;rsm;rS jrefrmrsm; use;f rma&; xdcu dk f Irrawaddy, Aug 28,2009

rav;&Sm;Edik if H uGmvmvrfyl Ek d i f i H w um avqdyf teD; &Sd xde;f odr;f a&;pcef ; rS jrefrmtvkyf orm;rsm; aq;0g;ukocGihf r&ojzifh use;f rm a&; qd;k &Gm;vmaea=umif; od&ygw,f? tcsKyfaqmif wckwnf;wGiv f al ygi;f (60)cef@ usyw f nf;pGm ae&onht f wGuf a&m*g ul;puf&ef vG,u f al eonf[k txde;f odr;f cH ae&olwOD;jzpfonhf uko d ef;xGe;f pd;k u ajymjyyg w,f? “,m;emayguw f hJ vlawGu aq;0g; ukocGihf r&Syd gb;l / usaemfvnf; (2) vavmuf &S+d yD ,m;wm? vlawG tjyif;txef zsm;emrS aq;ukay;w,f/ wywfrmS aq;ukciG u hf (4) a,mufy&J w,f”[k uko d ef;xGe;f pd;k u &Si;f jyyg w,f? xde;f odr;f a&;pcef;wGif toD;t&Guf rsm;udk au|;arG;jcif;r&Sb d J ig;[if;udo k mt"du xm;au|;ojzifh tm[m&"mwfcsKd ŒwJh ae=u a=umif;/ qyfjymr&do S jzihf trsm;pkrmS ,m;em rsm; pJu G yfaea=umif; uko d ef;xGe;f pd;k u &Si;f jy ygw,f? jrefrmjynfom;rsm;onf rav;&Sm; wGif vaygi;f rsm;pGm xde;f odr;f cHae&jcif; jzpfyg w,f? ‚if;wk@d uGmvmvrfyl avqdyt f eD; xde;f

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odr;f a&;pcef;ok@d ajymif;a&$Œ csKyfaESmifcx H m;& onfrmS (2)v&d+S yD jzpfa=umif; od&ygw,f? tajctae qk;d &Gm;onhf tcsKyfcef; rsm;twGi;f vltrsm;tjym; ydwaf vSmifcx H m; &a=umif; xde;f odr;f cHae&olwOD;jzpfonhf u ajymjyygw,f?“tvkHydwfxm;awmh vrf;r av#muf&wm=um+yD/ jyifyu aveJ@ aea&mif r&awmh ydq k ;kd w,f? usaemfuawmh ajcaxmuf awG a,mifaew,f” [k ‚if;u ajymjyygw,f? rav;&Sm;wGif w&m;0if pm&Gupf m wrf;r&db S J aexkid /f tvkyv f yk u f idk f r_jzihf zrf;qD; cHxm;&aom EdkifiHjcm;om; (7000)cef@ &Sdyg w,f? jrefrmjynfom;rSm trsm;pkjzpf+yD; ta&twGuftm;jzihf (2800)cef@ &dSonf[k rav;&Sm;rSvmonhf AP owif;wyk'fwGif azmfjyxm;ygw,f? xdef;odrf;cHxm;&olrsm; twGuf ae&mxkid cf if; tvkt H avmufr&S[ d k qkyd gw,f? vGecf o hJ nhf (3) v u Pulau Pinang jynfe,f&Sd vl0ifr_ }u;D =uyfa&;Xme xde;f odr;f a&; pcef;wckwiG f ºuu G af =umihf jzpfymG ;onhf tzsm; a&m*gwrsK;d a=umihf jrefrmtvkyo f rm; (2) OD; aoqk;H oGm;cJyh gw,f? rav;&Sm;Ekid if w H iG f a&$Œajymif;tvkyf orm;rsm;twGuf vl@tcGit fh a&; pHcsed rf mS edrhf usaea=umif;/ EkdifiHjcm;om; rkef;wD;r_vnf; tvGefrsm;a=umif;/ xkdokd@ rkef;wD;r_a=umihf jy\emrsm;pGm jzpfay:aea=umif;vnf; od&yg w,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ