Shwekhamauk 93

pmapmif trSwpf Of (93)

2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (9) &uf?

= Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k v$waf y;a&;/ = jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ac:,lay;a&;/ = zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD zGŒJ pnf;a&;/ = awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;/

a':atmifqef;pk-unf “trSefw&m;pdwf"mwf Ed+;aqmfolqk” & NEJ

/ 20 Zefe0g&D 2009

ppftpd;k &ukd wku d yf 0JG if&mY jrefrmjynforl sm;tm; OD;aqmifcrhJ t _ wGuf tar&duefEidk if &H dS Realizing the Dream tzG@J rS “trSew f &m;pdw"f mwf E_;d aqmfoq l ”k (Trumpet of Condk o f nf? science Award) ukd a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; ay;tyfvu Trumpet of Conscience qdo k nfrmS uG,v f eG o f l vlraJ cgi;f aqmif a'guw f m rmwif vlomuif;. 1967 ck Ek0d ifbmESihf 'DZifbmwGif a[majymcJo h nfh emrnfausmf vl@tcGit fh a&; qkid &f m rde@f ceG ;f aygi;f csKyfudk ac:qko d nfh trnfjzpfonf? 1968 ckEpS f a'guw f m rmwifvo l muif; tvky}f uHc&H +yD;aemufyidk ;f ol. rde@f ceG ;f aygi;f csKyfudk trSew f &m;pdw"f mwf E_;d aqmfol (Trumpet hJ nf? of Conscience) trnfjzifh xkwaf 0Ekid cf o

a':atmifqef;pk-unf txde;f odr;f cHc&hJ o!fu h mvrsm; = yxrt}udrf txde;f odr;f cH&jcif; = 1989 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (20) &ufae‹rS 1995 Zlvidk v f (10) &ufae‹txd? 'kw, d t}udrf txde;f odr;f cH&jcif; = 2000 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae‹rS 2002 ckEpS /f arv (6) &ufae‹txd? wwd,t}udrf txde;f odr;f cH&jcif; = 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae‹rS ,ae‹txd? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) rS xkwaf 0jzef‹cso d nf?

tmZmenfy*k ~d KvfwŒkd . vkyif ef;udk qH;k cef;wdik f qufvufI aqmif&u G &f rnf? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf trSwf (97§c) taemufa&$*w Hk idk v f rf; A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efuek òf rd@ 2009 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D (1)&uf 1370 ckEpS f jymokv d qef; (6) &uf txl;a=unmcsuf trSwf- 1§01§09 jrefrmEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&;/ vlr_a&;omru trsKd;om;aoG;pnf; nD!Gwfa&;yg ,kd,Gif;ysufjym;vsuf&Sdayonf? acwfrDzGH@òzd;wkd;wufaom EkdifiHawmfopfudk wnfaqmufrnfqydk gu trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;onf r&Srd jzpfvt dk yfayonf? wyfr awmftiftm;pkESifh tjcm;aomtzJG@tpnf; tiftm;pkrsm;/ pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;onfvnf; ,cktcsed Yf ykI d ta&;}u;D ayonf? xk@d a=umifh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zG@H òz;d a&;aumifpD tm%mykid rf sm;taeESihf trSew f u,ftrsK;d om; nD!w G af &;udk a&S;¶_aomtm;jzifh Ekid if aH wmf. vkt d yfcsurf sm;t& aetdrrf sm;wGif xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae&=u&aom a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS /hf OD;wifO;D ESihf ESp&f n S v f rsm; tusO;f uscx H m;=u&aom oHCmawmft&Sijf rwfrsm;/ cGex f eG ;f OD;/ rif;udEk idk f tygt0if Ekid if aH &;tusO;f orm;rsm;tm;vk;H udk ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfvw $ f ay;yg&ef txl;wku d w f eG ;f tyfygonf? 1 - 1 - 09 ae@wGif usif;yaom A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@. tpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsuft& 1? trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf 2? &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf 3? &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (zsuo f rd ;f cH)

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Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k csucf si;f v$wf 4? rGet f rsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G (zsuo f rd ;f cH) 5? trsK;d om;vl@tcGit hf a&;'Dru dk &ufwpfygwD (zsuo f rd ;f cH) 6? trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDygwD (zsuo f rd ;f cH) &? Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uf (zsuo f rd ;f cH) 8? jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; 'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (zsuo f rd ;f cH)

OD;aqmifwo hJ q l w kd m æ udk,f[m wjcm;olawGxuf ydk_yD;usdK;pm;&r,f? wjcm;olawGxufydk_yD; pGef‹v$wf&r,f? wjcm;olawGxufydk_yD; pGef‹pm;&r,f? EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwfqdkwm t_rJ&Sifoefaezdk‹vdkygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk-unf 3

jynfoŒl v$waf wmf tjrefac: trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf trSwf - 97§c/ taemufa&$*Hkwdkifvrf; A[ef;òrdŒe,f / &efukefòrdŒ 2009 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (29) &uf 1370 ckEpS /f wyd@k wv JG qef; (4) &uf

a=unmcsuftrSwf - 2§ 01 § 09 trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf onf w&m;0ifEidk if aH &;ygwED iS hf vGwv f yfI w&m;r#waom ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw JG iG f rJqEN&iS jf ynfov l x l . k vGwv f yfaom qENt& wcJeufaxmufcx H m;aom w&m;0iftEkid &f ygwjD zpfonfEiS t hf nD Ekid if aH &;udk Ekid if aH &;enf;jzifh ajz&Sif;&efESifh wdkif;jynfwGif trSefwu,fjzpfay:aeaom taxGaxGtusyftwnf;rsm;udk awG@qakH qG;aEG; ndE‡ i_d ;f tajz&Sm=u&ef tpOfwpdu k f óud;yrf;vsu&f ydS gonf? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf . acgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf tm; ESp&f n S v f rsm; xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;onf rdrw d @kd Eidk if w H iG f vufiif;óuHawG@ae&aom Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&; ponfh taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;rsm;udk awG@qakH qG;aEG; ndE‡ i_d ;f tajz&Sm =u&eftwGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfapygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf udk ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH jyef v$waf y;jcif;onf trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;udk &&SEd idk rf nf[k trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf u ,H=k unfygonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unf tm; jyefvnfvw $ af y;jcif;onf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ; pkrsm; vlxkvlwef;pm;rsm; tygt0if jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udkvnf; jyefvnfwnfaqmufEidk rf nf[k tav;teuf cH,yl gonf? xd@k a=umifh Ekid if aH wmf. vdt k yfcsut f &ESihf wdik ;f oljynfom; vltrsm;pk. ppfreS af om qENwdk@t& aetdrfrsm;wGif xdef;odrf;jcif; cHae=u&aom tzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,OuUÏ OD;wifOD;/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh ESpf&Snfvrsm; jypf'%fuscHae=u&aom oHCmawmf t&Sifoljrwfrsm;/ cGefxGef;OD;/ rif;udkEkdif tygt0if EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm; tm;vHk;udk ¹cGif;csufr&Sd tjrefqHk;jyefvnfv$wfay;&ef trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf ESifh

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zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD zGŒJ pnf;ay; Ekid if aH &;ygwD (7) ygww D @kd u 2009 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (1) &ufae@wiG f txl;a=unmcsut f rSwf - 1§ 01 § 09 udk xkwjf yefcyhJ gonf? Ta=unmcsut f m; wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm;u 0dik ;f 0ef; axmufc=H u&ef wdu k w f eG ;f Ed;_ aqmfvu kd yf gonf? 26 - 01 - 09 ae@wGif usif;yaom A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@. tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrdŒ

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRACY (Liberated Area)

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) rS tESpf (60) jynfh u&ifhtrsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;ae@ odk@ ay;ydk@aom o0%fv$m av;pm;cspfcif&ygaom u&ifawmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;/ awmfvSefaom u&if &Jabmf &Jarrsm;ESifh awmfvSefaom u&ifjynfoltaygif;wdk@cifAsm; ,ae@wiG u f sa&mufaom tESpf (60) jynfh u&ift h rsK;d om;awmfveS af &;ae@}uD;wGif u&iftrsK;d om;taygi;f wd@k &$iv f ef;csr;f ajr›pmG &S=d uygapa=umif; OD;pGmyxr qkreG af umif;awmif;vdu k &f ygonf? ,ae@ 2009 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (31) &ufae@qv kd sif u&iftrsK;d om;wd@k . wef;wla&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd f jyÏmef;cGi&hf &Sad &; wd@k twGuf vufeufuikd af wmfveS w f u kd yf JG qifEc$J o hJ nfrmS tESpf (60) yifjynfh ajrmufcJh+yDjzpfavonf? Todk@aom u&ifhtrsKd;om;taygif;wdk@. awmfvSefa&;wdkufyGJ}uD; twGi;f -

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awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&; taumiftxnfazmfay; - wdu k yf 0JG if&if; toufay;vSLoGm;cJ=h uaom/ cE<mud, k af y;qyfc=hJ u&aom u&ifh acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;/ u&ifh &Jabmf&aJ rrsm;/ u&ifjynforl sm; ESihf - ,ae@tcsed t f xd ud, k u f sK;d pGe@f tepfemcHI qufvwfwu kd yf 0JG ifvsu&f =dS uukeaf om u&ifh acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;/ u&ifh &Jabmf&aJ rrsm;ESihf u&ifjynforl sm;tm;vH;k udk rdrw d @kd rS av;pm;pGmjzifh OD;!Gw*f % k ðf ytyfygonf? u&iftrsK;d om;wd@k . tESpf (60) awmfveS w f u kd yf JG a&&Snq f ifEEJ$ ikd jf cif;rSm - u&ifvrl sK;d wd@k twGuf trSew f u,fvt kd yfonfh w&m;aom wdu k yf jJG zpfjcif;/ - u&ifvx l . k axmufct H m;ay;r_&jdS cif;/ f efaom OD;aqmifr&_ jdS cif;/ - u&if@trsK;d om;tpnf;t±H;k (KNU) rS }uHc› ikd rf eS u - acgi;f aqmiftqufqufw@kd . OD;aqmifr_ cdik rf mwdusjcif;ESihf pGe@f vw $ f tepfemcH=u aom u&if tmZmenf &Jabmf/ &Jar/ rsK;d qufrsm;&Sad ejcif;/ - r[mrdwt f zG@J tpnf;rsm;. axmufct H m;ay;r_&&Sad ejcif;wd@k &Sad ejcif;wd@k a=umif[ h k rdrw d @kd rS ±_jrifryd gonf? u&iftrsK;d om;wd@k . tESpf (60) awmfveS w f u kd yf t JG wGi;f wGif rsm;pGm;aom tcuftcJ/ t=uyf twnf;rsm;udk }u}hH uchH H &ifqikd af usmv f m$ ;cJ+h y;D / ,ae@wikd f qufvufawmfveS w f u kd yf 0JG ifaeEdik rf u _ kd rdrw d @kd rS txl;av;pm; *k%, f rl yd gonf? awmfveS w f u dk yf 0JG if&mwGif vufeufuikd af wmfveS o f nfh enf;vrf;omru tcGi&hf vsif &ovdk +idr;f csr;f pGm awG@qakH qG;aEG;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk toH;k ðycJo h nfukd awGŒ&ygonf? Tonfukd =unfjh cif;tm;jzifh u&iftrsK;d om;wd@k taejzifh Edik if aH &;udk Edik if aH &;enf;jzifh +idr;f csr;f pGm tajz &Sm&ef óud;yrf;aqmif&u G cf =hJ uonfukd av;pm;pGmjzifh awGŒ&ygonf? od@k aomfvnf; etz wd@k rS “awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;/ typftcwf&yfqaJ &;/ vufeufEiS hf +idr;f csr;f a&; vJv, S af &;” [laom pum;vH;k rsm;udk toH;k ðyI trsK;d om;a&;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;udk wjznf;jznf; tqH;k owfomG ;aprnf/h ppftyk pf }k uD;pd;k a&;0g'udk axmufcaH y;rnfh rufv;kH ay;/ aoG;cGAJ sL[m rsm;udk toHk;ðyI u&if@awmfvSefa&;}uD;udk csnfheJ@oGm;ap&ef/ tqHk;owfoGm;ap&ef tpOf wpdu k f vkyv f su&f o dS nfuv kd nf; owdðyrdygonf? ,ae@umvudjk yef=unfrh nfqv kd sif jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f &Sd vlrsK;d pHw k ikd ;f &if;om;jynfov l x l w k @kd rmS trSew f u,f &oif&h xdu k af om &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk cHpm;pHpm;&jcif;r&Sb d J taxGaxGtusyt f wnf;

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trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u rsm;udo k m wd;k Iwd;k I &ifqikd af e=u&onfukd awGŒ&rnfjzpfonf? xd@k tjyif etz ppftyk pf w k @kd u ppfu|et f jzpf twif;t"rR oGwo f iG ;f rnfh tpDtpOfjzpfonfh ‘zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udak &;qG/J t"rRtwnfðy+yD;’ a&G;aumufyv JG yk f tEdik , f =l u&ef jyifqifvsu&f adS vonf? xd@k a=umifh ppfu|eb f 0rSvw G af jrmufa&;ESihf vlrsK;d pHjk ynfov l x l . k ar#mv f ifch sujf zpfaom wef;wl a&;/ 'Dru kd a&pDa&;/ ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGi&hf &Sad &;wd@k twGuf ta&;w}uD; awmfveS w f u kd yf 0JG if&efrmS ,ae@ ordik ;f ay;wm0efw&yfjzpfonf [k rdrw d @kd rS cH,yl gonf? od@k jzpfygI rdrw d @kd trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) taejzifh vlrsK;d pHjk ynfol vlxk vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf u&iftrsKd;om;wdk@. awmfvSefa&;tm; wwfEdkifoavmuf yHhydk;+yD;/ u&ifhtrsKd;om;tpnf;t±Hk;}uD;ESifhtwl vufwGJI óud;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf a=umif; ajym=um;&if; To0%fvm$ udk ay;yd@k vu kd yf gonf? “u&iftrsKd;om;wdk h. w&m;aom awmfvSefppfyGJ tjrefqHk;atmifjrifEdkifygap” “u&iftrsKd;om;taygif;wdk@. pnf;vHk;r_ xm0& t"Gef@&Snfygap” A[dak umfrwD trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) &ufpJG - 2009ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (31) &uf?

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( a':atmifqef;pk-unf ) 7

ppftyk pf . k 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG m; qefŒusiw f u kd zf su-f u

NLD acgif;aqmifrsm;/ twdkuftcH wkdif;&if;om; tzGJŒacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ukvtxl;oHwref

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tmtufzfat 2009ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (2) &uf?

tvkyt f r_aqmif (5) OD;wd@k oD;jcm;awG@qckH iG &hf cJw h ,fv@kd tzG@J &ŒJ ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf OD;^m%f0if; u ajymygw,f? tJ'h t D pnf;ta0;rSm jrefrm Ekid if &H ŒJ vuf&t dS ajctaeawGe@J ywfouf+yD; awmh aqG;aEG;cJ=h uw,fv@kd vnf; od&ygw,f? a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf taeeJ @ vnf ; trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &JŒ oabmxm; jzpfwhJ Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k v$waf y; a&;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,lay;a&;/ zG@J pnf; yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD zG@J pnf;a&;eJ@ awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&; pwJh tcsuf (4) csuu f kd oabmwlvufcw H ,fv@kd OD;^m%f trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf eJ‹ 0if;u ajymygw,f? rpPwm *rfbm&D eJ@ (2) em&D=umawG@qckH w hJ t hJ cgrmS jrefrmhEidk if aH &; wd;k rpPwm *rfbm&D wuf a j y mif ; vJ z @ k d vd t k yfwhJ tcsut f vufawG trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf eJ@ rpPwm *rfbm&D wd@k tpnf;ta0;rpwifcifrmS (15) eJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh aqG;aEG;cJh=uw,fvdk@ rdepfavmuf a':atmifqef;pk=unf eJ@ A[dk vnf; od&ygw,f? ukvor*~ twGi;f a&;rSL;

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rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ; armifaqG wd@k ukd ppftpd;k & tm%mydik f awGu trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf &JŒ oabmxm;jzpfwJh wufa&mufcGifhray;wJhtay: a':atmif qef;pk=unf u a0zefajymqdk cJhw,fvdk@ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;v$wfay;a&;/ OD;^m%f0if; u tckvakd jymjyyg w,f? jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ac:,lay;a&;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf [m rpPwm*rf D zGŒJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD bm&D udak jymw,f 'DOpPmu teft,fv'f u pDt;D pD tzG@J 0if/ pDt;D pDtzG@J 0if [kw§f r[kw/f zGJŒpnf;a&;eJ‹ awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&; yg§ryg 'Dvdkygzdk@udpP qHk;jzwf&rSmu tef pwJh tcsuf (4) csuf t,f v f ' D o mjzpf w ,f ? wjcm;ol a wG u qH;k jzwfv@kd r&bl;qdw k mudk rpPwm*rfbm&D udk h ,f? csKyf rpPwmbefurD eG ;f &JŒ aemufw}udrf jrefrm a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymjycJw EkdifiHudk vmr,fhc&D;pOfeJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh rpPwm*rfbm&D ESihf SNLD trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf &JŒ tjrifoabm xm;udk rpPwm *rfbm&Du ar;jref;cJw h ,fv@kd &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@csKyf OD;^m%f0if; u tckvkd ajymjyygw,f? SNLD &JŒ twGi;f a&;rSL; tzG@J 0if (3) OD;eJ@ pde;f rpPwm *rfbm&D u ajymwmu rpPwm vJhuefom tpdk;&{nfha*[mrSm awG@qHkcJhyg befurD eG ;f Armjynfvmcsiyf gw,f? tJah wmh w,f? tzG@J &ŒJ ajymcGi&hf yk*Kd~ vf OD;pdik ;f vdyf u Armjynfvmzdk@ odomxif&Sm;wJh wdk;wufr_ tmtufzaf t udk ajymqdyk gw,f? taeeJ@ teft,fv'f D uajymaewJt h csuf (4) tJh'DaqG;aEG;yGJrSm ppftpdk;&u wzuf pvHk;udkajymwmvm; 'grSr[kwf&if b,ft owf taumiftxnfazmfaewJh vrf;jyajryHk csufqdk&ifawmh 'g odomxif&Sm;wJh ðyjyif (7) csufudk SNLD taeeJ@ vufrcHwJht ajymif;vJr_tjzpf jrifrvJqdkwJh ar;cGef;udk a=umif; ajymqdck w hJ ,fv@kd OD;pdik ;f vdyf u ajymyg rpPwm*rfbm&D u ar;wmyg? tJah wmh tef w,f? t,fv'f D u ajzwmu eHywf (1) jzpfwhJ Ekid f yxrwcsuf u twd k u f t cH a cgif ; iHa&;tusO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k v$waf y;a&;udk aqmifawGjzpfwJh OD;wifOD;/ a':atmifqef;pk aqmif&u G v f @kd &&dS if 'g[m odomjrifomwJh wd;k =unf +yD;awmh wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifawG wufr_tjzpf jrifvdk@&w,fqdkwJhta=umif; jzpfwhJ cGex f eG ;f OD;/ pdik ;f !Ge@f viG t f ygt0if Ekid if H aqG;aEG;ajym=um;cJhygw,f? a&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;udk jyefv$wfay;zdk@/ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf eJ@ rpPwm aemuf 'kw, d wcsuu f etz ppftpd;k & +yD; *rfbm&D wdk@ awG@qHkyGJrSm A[dktvkyftr_ awmh twdu k t f cHacgi;f aqmifawGe@J wdik ;f &if; aqmiftzG@J 0ifopfawG@jzpfwhJ OD;0if;wife@J OD;cif om;EkdifiHa&;ygwD acgif;aqmifawG +yD;awmh

9

a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f wcg wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zG@J tpnf; awGyg0ifwJh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfajrmuf atmif aqmif&u G af y;zd@k / eHywf (3) wcsut f aeeJ@uawmh awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;rvkyb f eJ @J Ekid f iHa&;vrf;jyajryHk (7) csut f wdik ;f wzufowf aqmif&u G o f mG ;r,fq&kd if wkid ;f &if;om;jynfol w&yfv;kH vufcEH idk w f hJ ajyvnfwhJ Ekid if aH &;yHpk H rsKd ; vH;k 0&&SEd idk rf mS r[kwb f ;l vd@k ,H=k unfw,f? 'ga=umifrh @kd v@kd awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;udk rvkyb f ;l qdkvdk@&Sd&ifawmh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJudpPudk SNLD taeeJ@ pOf;pm;jcif;ðyEki d rf mS r[kwb f ;l qdw k t hJ csuaf wG wifjycJyh gw,f? tckwifjywJh oabmxm;tcsuaf wGe@J ywfouf+yD;awmh rpPwm*rfbm&D u ouf qdkif oltm;vHk;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;ay;r,fvdk@ wke@f jyefcw hJ t hJ a=umif;udv k nf; OD;pdik ;f vdyf u ajymygw,f? usaemfwdk@&JŒ aqG;aEG;csufawGudk ol@ taeeJ@ rpPwmbefuDrGef; qDudkwifjyr,f? +yD;awmh wcg oufqikd &f m etz tpd;k &qDukd vnf;yJ 'Dupd aP wGe@J ywfouf+yD; wifjyaqG; aEG;r,f? twwfEidk q f ;kH ol@taeeJ@ tm;vH;k yg0ify;l aygi;f aqmif&u G Ef idk w f hJ 'dik , f mavmhrsKd ; jzpfatmif olóud;pm;aqmif&u G yf grh ,fv@kd ajym =um;oGm;ygw,f? tckawG@qHkcJhwJh SNLD eJ@ rpPwm*rf bm&D wd@k &ŒJ aqG;aEG;yG[ J m yxrOD;qH;k t}udrf jzpfw,fv@kd vnf; od&ygw,f? tcsed yf ikd ;f tm; jzifh rdepf (20) avmuf=umjrifrh ,fv@kd qdyk g w,f? &Srf;wdkif;&if;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf acgif;aqmifjzpfwJh OD;cGefxGef;OD;udkawmh ppf

10

awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;rvkyfbJeJ‹ Ekdif iHa&;vrf;jyajryHk (7) csuftwdik ;f wzufowf aqmif&uG of mG ;r,fq&kd if wkid ;f &if;om;jynfol w&yfv;kH vufcEH idk wf hJ ajyvnfwhJ Ekid if aH &;yHpk H rsdK; vH;k 0&&SEd idk rf mS r[kwbf ;l tpdk;&u axmif'%fESpf&Snf csrSwfxm;wm jzpfygw,f&Sif? UNA

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11

tm%m±l;ppftpd;k &. &ufpuf,w k rf mr+rsm;tm; &J0phH mG azmfxw k -f u?

autkdiftdk a&G;aumufyGJr0if/ r_idrf;csrf;ao;oa&GŒ vufeufrpGef‹ at;Edkif (19 Zef 2009)

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12

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zGJ‹pnf;ykHudk rjyifqifv#if a&G;aumufyGJ0if&ef cJ,Of;rnf[k rGefjynfopf ajym ppftpdk;&utwnfðyxm;wJh zGJ‹pnf; tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'udk rjyifqif&if 2010 a&G;aumufyGJrSm 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifzdk@ cJ,Of; w,fv‹kd rGejf ynfopfygwu D ajym=um;ygw,f? rGejf ynfopfygwAD [dXk mecsKyfrmS 'Dv 1 &ufu ae 17 &uftxd usi;f ywJh ygwn D v D mcHrmS 'Dvq dk ;kH jzwfvu kd w f mvd@k rGejf ynfopfygwD ajym cGihf&yk*~dKvf Edkifatmifrai;u ajym=um;yg w,f? “rjyifqifcJh&if 2010 election rSm 0ifz@kd awmh tawmfav;cJ,Of;r,f/ 0ifz@kd vnf; pOf;pm;&zd@k tawmfav;cufr,fv@kd owfrw S f xm;w,f?” 'Dnv D mcHrmS ‘rGev f x l k tzG@J t pnf;tm;vH;k / wrsK;d om;vH;k aoG;pnf;nD!w G f a&;/ +idr;f csr;f twGuf awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;/ ygwD pHpk epf pwmawG&atmif óud;pm;r,f’ qkw d hJ Ekid if aH &;OD;wnf csuf 5 &yfudk csrw S w f ,fv@dk

at;Edkif (19 Zef 2009)

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13

tmZmenfy*k ~d KvfwŒkd . vkyif ef;udk qH;k cef;wdik f qufvufI aqmif&u G &f rnf?

jynfolŒv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJŒ ( MPU ) . pwkwWt}udrfajrmuf nDvmcH_yD;pD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;!Gef‹aygif;tpdk;&udk 0efjuD; (7) ae&mjzifh jyefvnf wdk;csJ hzGJŒpnf;

tdik , f mvefEikd if /H 'yfbvifòrdŒteD; rmvm[du k w f iG f 2009 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (20) &ufae@ rS (23) &ufae@xd nDvmcHukd usi;f yðyvkycf =hJ uonf? ‚if;nDvmcHo@kd jynfya&muf jynfo@l vw $ f awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f (32) OD; wufa&mufc=hJ u+yD; nDvmcHrS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsK;d om; !Gef@aygif;tpdk;&. aemufoufwef;wGif wm0ef,l=urnfh 0ef}uD;tzGJŒudk atmufygtwdkif; a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcJh=uonf? (1) a'guw f mpde0f if; - 0ef}uD;csKyf (2) OD;bdv k w S ifh - Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; (3) cGe;f rm;ud&k b f ef - zuf'&,fa&;&m0ef}uD; (4) a'guw f mwifah qG - jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD; (5) OD;0if;vdi_ f - 0ef}uD;csKyf±;kH 0ef}uD; (6) cGejf rifx h eG ;f - tvkyo f rm;a&;&m0ef}uD; (7) OD;xGe;f 0if; - ynma&;0ef}uD; ,if;nDvmcHuyif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsK;d om;!Ge@f aygi;f tpd;k &udk wdik ;f &if;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;jzifh wdk;csJŒzGJ@pnf;Edkifa&;twGuf aqmif&GufoGm;&ef aumfrwDw&yfudkvnf; zG@J pnf;cJah =umif;od&onf? od@k aomf etz tm; w&m0iftpd;k &r[kwaf =umif; urBmu h v k or*~ wGif wifjyta&;,lr_ qkid &f m aqmif&u G cf su?f (Credentials Challenge) udpu P akd wmh rJcJG qH;k jzwf+yD; qufvufraqmif&u G o f ifah =umif; qH;k jzwfc=hJ uonf? Ð

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ppftyk pf . k 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG m; qefŒusiw f u kd zf su-f u ?

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tmZmenfy*k ~d KvfwŒkd . vkyif ef;udk qH;k cef;wdik f qufvufI aqmif&u G &f rnf? wnfwnf+idrf+idrfqdkwm awmfawmf av; ta&;}uD;w,fAs? pum;odyrf ajymbl;/ usaemfqzkH ;l wmav; wckq&kd if 1960 ausmf avmufuaygh ArmjynfrmS vm+yD; AD,uferf ppfyeJG @J ywfoufv@kd aqmif&u G zf ;l w,f? AD,uf erfta&;udk ukvor*~&,f AD,uferfawmif ydik ;f / ajrmufyikd ;f / tv,fyikd ;f awG aqG;aEG;&m rSm Armjynfu ae&may;w,faygAh sm? tJ't D csed rf mS olu tvkyv f yk w f mrSm tukev f ;kH oifh oifjh rwfjrwfjzpfatmif vkyw f wfw,f/ 'Dupd u P v#Kd Œ0Suu f pd AP s? 'gayr,fh vl awGu odcsiw f ,fav? tJ'rD mS v#Kd Œ0Suu f pd P udv k nf; rjiif;a&Smifb;l ? odoifw h mudv k nf; od&atmif rD', D m&JŒodciG u hf v kd nf; ravsmyh g; atmifvkyfwwfw,fAs? usaemf rSwfrdwm av;wckq&kd if ol owif;axmufawGe@J awGŒ awmh usaemfwdk@xJu owif;axmufw a,mufu pum;enf;enf;av;xpfw,f? tJ'w D ek ;f uvnf; owif;axmuf enf;enf;yJ &Sw d myg? 'gawmif wa,mufukd wrdepfyJ ay; r,fayghAsm? ar;wmaum ajzwmaumaemf/ tJ'x D pfwo hJ u l pum;xpf+yD; AD AD AD AD qd+k yD; AD,uferf qdw k mawmifra&mufbJ jzpfw,f As? tJ'DrSm oluajymvdkufw,f cifAsm;Asm ar;wmeJ@ wrdepfjynfah e+yD usaemft h ajzray; Ekid f awmhb;l qd+k yD; ajymvdu k w f ,f? wdwu d s us vkyfwmayghAsm? wnfwnf+idrf+idrf jywf jywfom;om; vkyfwwfwm OD;oef@eJ@ ywf oufwhJ trSww f & wckaygAh sm? aemufwcku OD;oef@ ta&;tcif;eJ@ ywfoufwmayg?h 'g vlwikd ;f odwu hJ pd yP g? t rsm;}uD;rajymcsiaf wmhb;l ? wck ajymcsiw f m

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u jynfolvlxk[m wefzdk;xm;&r,fholudk wefz;kd xm;&r,fqw kd m b,fawmhyjJ zpfjzpf od w,fAs? txl;ojzifh Armjynfolvlxkaygh? aemufwcku 'Dvv kd al wGe@J ywfouf+y;D rxdu k f wefwhJ tðytrlrsKd ;udv k yk af wmh jynfov l x l k u odyf+yD; a'goxGufw,f? róudufbl;As? 'Dawmh 'D[meJ@ ywfoufvm&if t+rJ wke@f jyef w,f? 'Dta&;tcif;[m 'Doabmxm;udk xifxif&mS ;&Sm; jyvdu k f wmyJ? OD;oef@vdk yk*~dKvfrsdK;[m Armjynft wGuf/ Armwa,muftaeeJ@ odyfudk*k%f,l p&maumif;w,f? aemuf+yD; tvGeu f kd xdu k f xdu k w f efwefe@J urBmt h a&;udak wmif aqmif &Gucf w hJ yhJ *k Kd~ v&f ŒJ ±kyt f avmif;udk óuw d mawmif rS óudzdk@cGifhray;bl;? b,fol@udkrS rajymbl;? =um;wmwckuawmh tJ't D csed u f OD;ae0if; u iyvDrmS &Sad ew,fajymw,fAs? 'DuoH±;kH awGu oGm;óudcsiaf wmh b,foól udrmS vJar; awmh olu rif;wd@k óudcsióf ud igbmrSvyk pf &m r&Sb d ;l uGmvd@k ajymw,fw?hJ oltv J akd jymvdu k f awmh tm;vHk;u olŒ&JŒpdwfoabmudkod+yD? tJ'rD mS b,fou l rS bmrSrvky&f aJ wmhb;l ? aemufq;kH ydwu f sawmh ynma&; 'k0ef }uD; OD;atmifxeG ;f qdw k m usaemfo h il ,fcsi;f ygyJ? ol@udk wm0efay;vdkufw,fwJh? olu vnf; awGŒwmaygAh sm? 'Dvakd e&mu Edik if w H umtzGJŒtpnf;awGeJ@ awGŒ&r,fhae&mrSm aumif;aumif;vkyfr,fqkd+yD; taemufwdkif; 0wfpHkawG bmawG0wf+yD; euUwdkifeJ@ bmeJ@ ususeeoGm;wmAs? 'gayr,fh OD;oef@&JŒ t avmif;udkóudrdvdkufwmeJ@ tJ'D0ef}uD;vnf; ðywfa&mAs? tJ'gukd jynfov l x l o k w d meJ@ 'Dvkd

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tmZmenfy*k ~d KvfwŒkd . vkyif ef;udk qH;k cef;wdik f qufvufI aqmif&u G &f rnf? vkyfawmh OD;ae0if;u a'goxGuf wkefv_yf w,f? 'gu tpk;d &udk òzdzsuEf ikd af vmufatmif jzpfw,fav? 'gayr,fh OD;ae0if;&JŒ a'gou OD;Ekxuf OD o ef @ qD a &muf o G m ;w,f ? tJ ' D t csd e f r S m OD;oef@ eJ@ OD;Ekuvnf; tvGe&f if;ES;D =uwmud;k ? i,foil ,fcsi;f awGu;kd ? 'g[m OD;oef@[m OD;Ek udk txl;tcGit hf a&;ay;wmyJ vd@k xifw,fAs? wu,f u r[k w f b l ; As? 'D t cef ; ud k ukvor*~a&mufwhJ b,fEidk if ahH cgi;f aqmifr qdk oHk;cGifh&Sdw,fAs? oluvnf; EdkifiHhacgif; aqmifwOD;yJu;kd ? tjyifvt l aeeJ@ qd&k ifawmh OD;Ek[m ðywfusaewJh acgi;f aqmifa[mif;vd@k ajymr,f / 'gayr,f h acgif ; aqmif a [mif ; r[kwfbl;As? tm%modrf;cHxm;&wJh acgif; aqmifAs/ tJ'rD mS OD;ae0if;&JŒ a'goawG[m OD;EkqDuae OD;oef@qDudk a&mufoGm;awmh wmyJ? OD;oef@ Armjynfuakd &mufwikd ;f OD;oef@ [m OD ; ae0if ; eJ @ awG Œ qH k z d k @ óud ; pm;wm t}urd }f urd yf ?J tJ'gvnf; usaemfw@dk owif;pm avmu u todqHk;yJ? tJ'Dvdktcgwdkif;rSm OD;ae0if;u jiif;y,fw,f/ a&Smifw,fAs? OD;oef@vmwJt h cg ajrmufzsm; ucsijf ynfe,f c&D;xGufaew,f? tem;,laew,f? aer aumif;bl; t+rJvkyfw,f? tJ'Dawmh OD;ae 0if;eJ@ OD;oef@ eJ@=um;rSm rnD!w G w f o hJ abm xm;awGjzpfay:vmwm OD;oef@a=umifrh [kwf bl;? OD;Ekuae qufpyf+yD; ay:vmwJh oabm xm;? tJ'Duae wjznf;jznf;uGmoGm;+yD; aemufq;kH psmye tcrf;tem;rSmawmif ±kyf tavmif;udk óudrdwJh 'k0ef}uD;wa,muf

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20

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w,fqv dk @dk &&dS if usaemfw@dk jynfoal wGukd ¶ku d f oGif;wJht&mawGudk ¶kdufcsKd;ypfzkd@vkdygw,f? Oyrmtm;jzifh t*Fvdyfvkd individualism vkd@ac:wJh yk*~vdu0g'qkdwm[m wOD;w a,mufcsi;f uae+y;D awmhum tm;vk;H udk v$r;f òc+H y;D awmh vkyrf ,fqw kd 0hJ g'/ wOD;csi;f vGwv f yf cGiahf b;u jynfoal wGukd r=unfb h eJ @J aqmif &GufcGifh&Sdw,fqkdwJh 0g' qkd+yD;awmh tJ'Dvkd ynmay;wJhtcsdeftcgudk a&mufaewJhtcsdef tcgjzpfygw,f? wcg wzufujdk yef=unfrh ,fqv dk @dk &&dS if vnf; bmudak wG@&ovJqv kd @dk &&dS if wOD;csi;f 0g' qkw d m trSerf mS awmh yk*v ~ u d 0g' r[kwf ygb;l / wOD;csi;f wm0ef,w l 0hJ g'yJjzpfw,f/ wOD; csif;wm0ef,lwJh0g'eJ@omv#if vlxktajcðy vl@tzJG@tpnf;ukd xlaxmifEkdifrSomv#if 'Drkdua&pDukda&mufrSmtrSefyJjzpfygw,f? aemuf + yD ; awmh trsm;pk t usKd ; uk d aqmifusO;f wJh tzJ@G tpnf;qkw d m[m Oyrm ay;&&if bmeJ@wo l vJqakd wmh yk&u G q f w d af wG &JŒ tpktzJ@G awGe@J wlygw,f? yk&u G q f w d af wG&@J tpktzJ@G [m =unfrh ,fq&kd ifawmh tifrwefrS [efusygw,f? 'gayr,fh rdrdwkd@róuHzl;wJh tajctaew&yf u d k a wG @ r,f q k d v k d @ &S d & if a&S@qufw;dk zk@d &m r&Sad wmhbJ &yfwef@aewmudk cifAsm;wkd@awG@&rSmjzpfw,f? 'Drkdua&pDpepf qkdwm 'grsKd;r[kwfygbl;/ 'Drkdua&pDpepfrSm wOD;csi;f wm0ef,+l yD;awmh wOD;csi;f uae+yD; wm0ef,lazmfaqmifrSomv#if tJ'Dvkdpdwf "mwfe@J omG ;rSomv#if 'Drdk ua&pD vl@abmifudk oGm;Ekid rf ,fqw dk mudk cifAsm;wk@d jrif&vdrrhf ,f vkd@ajymcsifygw,f?

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csujf ynfph rHk S owfrw S v f @dk &ygw,f? wcsKŒd yk*Kd~ vf awGu Ekid if aH wmfqw dk m tpk;d &yJ/ tpk;d &om v#if Ekid if aH wmfy/J rif;qk&d if a=umuf&rSmyJ/ tkyf csKyfoal wGu tvkyu f v dk yk v f rd rhf ,f/ Ekid if aH &; orm;awGu Ekid if aH &;tvkyu f kd vkyv f rd rhf ,f/ igw@dk e@J rqkid b f ;l qkw d hJ pdw"f gwaf wGukd z,f&mS ; rSomv#if uk, d o f mv#if t&Sif ocifjzpfw,f qkw d b hJ 0ukd a&muf=uygvrd rhf ,fv@kd ajymcsiyf g w,f? tck usaemfajymwJt h xJrmS Ekid if aH wmf qkw d t hJ xJrmS Ekid if aH wmfjzpfwmeJ@ wòydiw f nf; jynfoo l mEkid if aH wmf/ Ekid if aH wmfonf jynfol omjzpfoGm;+yD;/ EkdifiHom;jynfolawGtzkd@rSm olw@kd awG &ydik cf iG &hf wJv h @l tcGit hf a&;/ Ekid if o H m; ykid cf iG t hf aeeJ@ tajccHtcGit hf a&; Oyrmtm; jzifh tajccHOya'rSmygwJh (constitutional f yfpmG ajymqdck iG /hf vGwf right) vk@d ac:wJh vGwv vyfpGm pnf;¶kH;v_yf&Sm;cGifh/ vGwfvyfpGmul; oef;a&mif;0,fciG /hf bmom a&;vGwv f yfciG /hf aemuf+y;D awmh vGwv f yfpmG yk*v ~ u d ykid q f idk cf iG hf awGudk tumtuG,fay;ykdifcGifhudk &&SdrSom v#if tJ'jD ynfoal wG[m vGwv f yfa&;&rSmjzpf w,f? vGwv f yfa&;t&omudk cHpm;&&S=d urSm jzpfw,f?

tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd b,foyl idk o f vJ jynfolqkdwJh t"dy`g,fukd ajym+yD;wJh tcgrSm vGwfvyfa&;ta=umif;ukdquf+yD; ajym&ygr,f/ vGwv f yfa&;udk ajymr,fqv dk @kd &dS &if a&S;ya0o%Dup+yD;awmh tkycf sKyfvmcJw h hJ &Sib f &k ifawG acwfup+yD;awmh vGwv f yfa&;

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etz 2010 udk [efcsun f n D D wdu k zf su-f u ? udk pajym&ygr,f? e,fcs@J awG[m jrefrmoDayg bk&if qDuae+y;D tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd odr;f ,loGm;wJhtcgrSm b,fol@tcsKyftjcmtm %mvJ/ b,foyl idk w f hJ tcsKyftjcmtm%mvJ jyef=unfrh ,fqv dk @dk &&dS if trSepf ifppfu awmh tJ't D csKyftjcmtm%mqkw d m[m &Sib f &k if ykid w f hJ tcsKyftjcmtm%momjzpfw,f? t xufjrefrmEkid if u H kd ESpaf ygi;f ajcmufq,fausmf =um odr;f +yD;awmhum atmufjrefrmEdik if u H kd ESpaf ygi;f wpf&mausmf odr;f +yD;wJt h cgr,f jyef +yD;awmh vGwv f yfa&;&wJt h cgrmS jynfoal wG udk uk, d pf m;ðywJ/h jynfoal wGwifajr‡mufxm; wJt h pk;d &xH vGwv f yfa&;udk jyeftyfEiS ;f w,f qkdwJhtwGufa=umihfrkd@ tcsKyftjcmtm%m qdkwm jynfolawGykdifqkdifwJht&mjzpfw,f? vGwv f yfa&;qkw d m bmvJqv dk @dk &&dS if tcsKyf tjcmtm%m[m vGwv f yfa&;yJjzpfygw,f? tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd &¶keH @J usaemfw@dk vGwf vyf+yDvm;vk@d ar;vk@d &&dS if rvGwv f yfEidk b f ;l vk@d yJ ajym&rSmjzpfygw,f? bma=umifv h ?J tkycf sKyf oltqufqufawG[m EkdifiHa&; igwaum aum+y;D awmh aqmif&u G o f mG ;cJh =uwma=umifh rk@d v@dk jynfoal wG[m vGwv f yfa&;t&omudk r&cJh=ubl;? tESpf (60) vGwfvyfa&;c&D;udk jyef =unfrh ,fqv dk @kd &&dS if ygvrD ef'rD u dk a&pDacwfrmS tcsKyftjcmtm%mvGwf vyfciG u hf adk wmh &cJh w,f? jynfoal wG[m tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd olwkd@qDuae wkduf¶kdufoufqif;cGifh&Sdjyef

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w,fqw kd hJ tcsuu f o kd m &cJ+h yD;awmhum wkid ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;Hk &JŒ uk, d yf idk jf yÏmef;cGihf ukd=unfhwJhtcgr,f 'DEkdifiHrSm ppfrD;}uD;x awmufavmif+yD;awmhum trsK;d om;nD!w G f a&;}uD;ysu, f iG ;f cJ&h w,f? jynfoal wGuawmh rJay;+yD;awmh wm0efauscJhayr,fh tpkd;&t qufquf[m trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;ukd & atmif rvkyEf idk cf =hJ ubl;? qk&d , S v f pfacwfudk a&mufwt hJ cgrmS tcsKyftjcmtm%mqkw d m [m ygwyD ikd jf zpfw,f? jynfoal wGudk ykpH cH u G f Edik if aH &;oabmrsK;d csKyf+y;D awmh vkyu f ikd cf w hJ t hJ cgrmS jynfoal wG&ŒJ vGwv f yfciG ahf wG[mvnf; arS;rSdefaysmufuG,fcJh&w,f? tm%modrf;cH xm;&wJt h ajctaerSmawmh txl;ajymp&m r&Sad wmhygb;l ? bma=umifv h q J v dk @dk &&dS if tm %modr;f cHxm;&wJjh ynfoal wG[m jrefrmEkid if H rSm ygvDref'Drkdua&pD/ qkd&S,fvpfpepf/ tm %modr;f xm;wJph epfukd jyef=unfrh ,fqv dk @dk &dS &if jynfolawG[m tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd tpk;d &uomykid +f yD; jynfoal wG&ŒJ vGwv f yfciG hf qkw d m b,fvrdk rS awG@& rjrif&wJt h jyif tajc cHOya'rSr&Sw d hJ tcgjynfoal wG&ŒJ vGwv f yfciG hf qkw d mvnf; r&Scd yhJ gb;l ? usaemfw@dk jynfoal wG[m Ekid if aH &;vGwf vyfre_ @J vl@tcGit hf a&;awGukd vkcd siw f ,fqdk vd@k &&dS if tawG;tac:t,ltqawGukd ajymif; ypfz@dk vydk gw,f? rdrw d @dk yidk cf iG ahf wGukd rdrw d @kd &,l Ekid w f phJ w d "f mwfawGudk arG;jrLzk@d vydk gw,f? Edik f iHa&;[m igw@dk e@J rqkid b f ;l ? tjcm;olawGvyk f

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ed*kH;csKyftaeeJ@ajym&r,fqdkvkd@&Sd&if 1948 ckEpS f vGwv f yfa&;a=unmpmwrf;rSm ygwhJ tcsuw f csuu f dk tenf;i,fzwfjycsiyf g w,f? tydk'f(5)rSm b,fvkda&;xm;ovJqkd awmh igw@dk Eidk if aH wmf}uD;onf rnfow l OD;w a,muf. tarGtESprf [kw/f rnfow l OD;w a,muf tzJ@G tpnf;. yk*v ~ u d r[kw/f rnf olwOD;wa,mufurS csKyfuikd t f Ekid , f l tusK;d cHpm;tyfaom Ekid if rH [kwq f +dk yD;awmh twdt vif; azmfjyxm;wm awG@&rSmjzpfygw,f? tJ'D awmh 'DvEdk idk if aH wmf}uD;ukd wnfaqmufr,f qkdvdk@&Sd&if trsm;yg0ifwJh trsm;qENeJ@tnD wnfaqmufwhJ Ekid if }H uD;jzpf+yD; jynfov l x l &k ŒJ tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd =unf+h y;D awmhum wzufowf EkdifiHa&;csKyfukdifr_atmufrSm&SdwJh jynfolawG [m b,favmufyJ Ekid if aH &;tawG;tjrifawG &Syd if&jdS im;aomfvnf; jynfoal wG[m vkcd siw f hJ Ekid if aH &;yef;wkid u f kd ra&mufbeJ @J +idr;f csr;f jcif;/ nD!Gwfjcif;/ w&m;r#wjcif;/ om,m0ajym jcif;qkw d hJ avmuygvw&m;awGe@J jynfph w Hk hJ EkdifiHawmfpepfudk a&mufrSmr[kwfygbl;? 'g a=umifhrkd@vkd@ tcsKyftjcmtm%m vGwfvyf a&;udk &yif&aomfvnf;yJ usaemfw@dk taeeJ@ tckvt dk ajctaersK;d ukd ajymif;vJ rypfEidk b f ;l qk&d ifawmh Ekid if aH &; vlar$;vla&mif rajymifwhJ b0eJ@ 'kw, d wef;pm; Ekid if o H m;awG/ tkycf sKyfcH EdkifiHom;awGb0uae+yD;awmh b,fawmhrS wuf&rSm r[kwb f ;l qkw d mudk ajym&if;eJ@ ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f? Ð

25

'Dru kd a&pDpepfqw kd m vlwikd ;f wa,mufe‹J wa,muf av;pm;wJph epfygyJ?

befuDrGef;&JŒawGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&; wkdufwGef;csuf teft,f'D axmufcH ppftpdk;&taejzifh twdkuftcHrsm;ESifh awGŒqHak qG;aEG;r_ukd csucf si;f ðyvkyo f ifah =umif; uk v or*~ taxG a xG t wG i f ; a&;rª ; csKyf rpPwm befurD eG ;f . wdu k w f eG ;f csuu f kd trsKd ; om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyfu axmufcHvdkuf onf? azazmf0g&D 5 &ufae@u e,l;a,muf wGif ðyvkyaf om owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGw J &yfwiG f ukvtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyf. ajyma&;qdck iG &hf o dS l rD &S,v f rf eG w f mhpu f “jrefrmtpd;k &ESihf twdu k f tcHrsm;taejzifh xda&mufaom awGŒqHak qG; aEG;r_tm; aESmifah ES;=uef@=umr_ r&Sad pbJ ðyvkyf oifah =umif;” [kajym=um;csut f ay: axmuf cHvdkufjcif;jzpfonf? “'gu aumif;wJt h }uHðycsuyf ?J usaemf wd@k bufuawmh awGŒqHak qG;aEG;zd@k u t+rJ t qifoifyh gy?J etz taeeJ@uvnf; tqifoifh jzpfaezd@k vw kd ,f” [k teft,f'yD gwD ajymcGi&hf yk*K~ v d f OD;^m%f0if;u rZdÇr udk ajymonf/ ukvtxl;oHwref rpPwm *rfbm&D onf ,ckv 2 &ufae@u jrefrmjynfc&D;pOf tqHk;owf+yD;/ tdEdN,EdkifiH e,l;a'vDòrdŒwGif ukvtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf rpPwm befuDrGef;ESifh awG@q+kH yD;onfah emuf oabmxm; xGuaf y: vmjcif;jzpfonf?

26

Zmenf 7 / azazmf0g&D/ 2009 ? rZ rZddÇr ?

“tckc&D;pOf[m Edik if aH &; awGŒqHak qG; aEG;zd@k e@J jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;twGuf wd;k wuf r_ukd wnfaqmufay;oGm;Edik rf ,fv@kd taxG axGtwGi;f a&;rª;csKyfu ar#mrf eS ;f ygw,f” [k rGew f mhpu f owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJw G iG f xkwaf zmf ajymqdkcJhao;onf? rpPwm *rfbm&Donf ol. 4 &uf=um jrefrmjynf c&D;pOfwiG f 0ef}u;D csKyf 'kAv kd cf sKyf}u;D ode;f pdef tygt0if tjcm;aom 0ef}uD;rsm;? aetdrt f us,cf sKyf uscaH e&aom jrefrmh'rD u kd a&pDacgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ tef t,f'D ygwD A[dktvkyftr_aqmif tzGJŒ0if rsm;ESihf awGŒqHck o hJ nf? olŒc&D;pOfwiG f wd;k wufr_ wpHw k &m r awGŒ&aoma=umifh atmifjrifonf[k rajym Edkifaomfvnf; ukvor*~taejzifh jrefrmh ta&; óud;yrf;r_ukd vufrav#mb h J qufvyk f oGm;apvdak =umif; teft,f'u D qdo k nf? OD;^m%f0if;u “usaemfwdk@ bmwdk; wufrr_ S rawGŒ&bl;/ 'gayrJh ukvor*~&ŒJ óud; yrf; ay;wmawGudk t+rJ aus;Zl;wifaeyg w,f? ukvor*~taeeJ@ olwdk@vkyfaewJh tvkyfawGudk olwdk@wwfEdkifor# qufvkyf oGm;zdk@ usaemfwdk@taeeJ@ wdkufwGef;csifyg w,f” [kqo kd nf? Ð

trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u?

q&m}uD; rif;ok0%f &mjynfhtcrf;tem; tzGJŒcsKyfwGifusif;y

q&m}uD;rif;ok0%f ( 1909-2009) ESpw f pf&mjynft h xdr;f trSwf pmzwf0ikd ;f udk trsK;d om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyfwGif ,ae‹usif;yðyvkyfcJhonf? tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf a'guw f moef;+idr;f rS aqmif&u G +f yD; tzGŒJ csKyfacgi;f aqmifrsm;jzpf=uaom OD;tH;k óudiEf iS hf zsmyHek v D kH OD;wd@k rS u|eaf wmfoad om rif;ok0%f acgi;f pOfjzifh a[majymaqG;aEG;cJ=h uonf? wdik ;f vli,f tultnDay;a&;tzGŒJ 0if udak t;Edik rf S q&m}uD;. b0jzpfpOftm; zwf=um; cJ+h yD; tzGŒJ csKyfvil ,frsm;rS q&m}uD;a&;cJah om uAsmrsm;udk zwf=um;*k%ðf ycJ=h uonf? tcrf; tem;udk vli,f vl}uD; 60 0ef;usicf ef@ wufa&mufc=hJ u+yD; wufa&mufvmaom vli,frsm; xJrS q&m}uD;. pmayrsm;udk wufºuGpmG yg0ifaqG;aEG;cJ=h uonf? Ð ÐÐ

27

pm a&G; rif

trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) ESihf XmecGrJ sm;. v+y&f mS ;r+y&kH yd rf sm;

ukvtxl;ud, k pf m;vS,f *rfbm&D ESihf NLD acgif;aqmifrsm;awGŒqHk

ESpf (60) jynfh u&ifah wmfveS af &;ae‹ tcef;tem;od‹k ( A[dXk mecsKyf = vGwaf jrmufe,fajr )

OD;oef‹&mjynfEh pS yf wfvnftcef;tem; (rav;&Sm;XmecG)J P.O BOX - 34, Mae Sot P.O, Tak 63110,Thailand Email: [email protected]