Shwekhamauk 94

pmapmif trSwpf Of (94)

2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&Dv (20) &uf?

= Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k v$waf y;a&;/ = jynfoŒl v$waf wmf ac:,lay;a&;/ = zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD zGŒJ pnf;a&;/ = awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&;/

wwdkif;jynfvHk; }uD;yGm;apcsif&if vltm;/ aiGtm;/ ypPnf;tm;ESifh pkaygif;_yD;/ tifwdkuftm;wdkuf vkyfEkdifrS tusdK;cHpm;cGifh &Sd-urSmbJ? ArmuwrsdK;/ u&if u wzHk/ &Srf;/ ucsif/ csif;wdk‹u wjcm;/ tuGJuGJtjym;jym; vkyfae-u&if tusdK;&SdrSm r[kwfbl;? pkaygif;vkyf-u&rSom tusdK;&Sd Ekid rf ,f? (AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;) a':atmifqef;pk-unf txde;f odr;f cHc&hJ o!fu h mvrsm; = yxrt}udrf txde;f odr;f cH&jcif; = 1989 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (20) &ufae‹rS 1995 Zlvidk v f (10) &ufae‹txd? 'kw, d t}udrf txde;f odr;f cH&jcif; = 2000 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (23) &ufae‹rS 2002 ckEpS /f arv (6) &ufae‹txd? wwd,t}udrf txde;f odr;f cH&jcif; = 2003 ckEpS /f arv (30) &ufae‹rS ,ae‹txd? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) rS xkwaf 0jzef‹cso d nf?

tmZmenfy*k ~d KvfwŒkd . vkyif ef;udk qH;k cef;wdik f qufvufI aqmif&u G &f rnf?

a':atmifqef;pk-unf ajymaom jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwf (1996 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv _cHa&SΠvlxkaqG;aEG;yGJrS)

jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfqw dk m b,fvpdk w d "f mwfrsK;d ygvw J /hJ tvHawmfudk tav;ðy±keH @J jynfaxmifp}k uD;ckid +f rJ oGm;+yDvm;/ jynfph o Hk mG ;+yDvm;qkw d m &Si;f jyay;ygw?hJ tvHawmfudk tav;ðywJt h cgrmS uk, d phf w d x f rJ mS b,fv&dk o dS vJqw dk m 'gu ta&;}uD; wmyJ/ tvHawmfudk tav;ðyqkv d @dk ðyvku d +f yD;awmh/ pdwu f [kad &muf'aD &mufqv dk @dk &&dS if tv um;yJ/ jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfqw dk m twGi;f uvmwmyg? jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfv@dk qw kd meJ@ pdwf"mwfqkdawmh twGif;uvmwmaygh? tjyifyoauFwjzpfwJh tvHawG bmawGqkdwm txku d t f avsmufawmh ta&;}uD;wmyJ/ 'gayr,fh jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfqadk wmh twGi;f u vm&rSmjzpfygw,f? usrwd@k uawmh jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfukd yifvpHk w d "f mwfv@dk 'Dvydk J usrwk@d ,lqygw,f? yifvpHk w d "f mwfqw dk m twkcd sK;H +yD;ajym&r,fqv dk @kd &&dS if jynfaxmifpo k m;rsm;tm; vk;H wef;wlnw D &l adS &;eJ@ tJ'v D dk wef;wlnw D &l adS &;tay:rSm tajccHwhJ jynfaxmifpu k dk usrajym wmyg? usrwk@d jyef+y;D awmh&iS ;f jy&r,fqv dk @dk &&dS if jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfqw dk m[m yifvpHk w d "f mwf yJ? yifvpHk w d "f mwf qkw d m[m jynfaxmifpo k m;rsm;tm;vk;H &JŒ wef;wlnw D al &;eJ@ 'Dwef;wlnw D l a&;ay:rSm tajccHwhJ nD!w G af &;jzpfw,f? wef;wlnw D rl _ &Sv d @dk &&dS if nD!w G af &;udk xdcu dk rf mS r[kwb f ;l ? olŒudak wmh ESpu f syaf y;w,f/ wk@d uakd wmh wpfusyyf aJ y;w,fq&dk if pdwx f u J b,f auseyfrvJ? 'Dawmh tJ'u D wnf;u nD!w G rf q _ w dk m r&SEd idk af wmhb;l ? 'ga=umifrh @dk usrwk@d Eikd if rH mS jynfaxmifp}k uD; wnfwchH idk +f rJa&;jzpfz@dk qw dk m[m tm;vk;H u auseyf&r,f? wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d tm;vk;H u igw@dk tm;vk;H [m wef;wlnw D t l cGit hf a&;&Sw d ,fqw dk hJ ckid rf mwJ, h =Hk unfr&_ rdS o S mv#if usrwk@d jynfaxmifpk wnfwchH idk +f rJEidk rf mS jzpfygw,f? tvHuawmh b,fEpS cf gyJ tav;ðy tav; ðy pdwx f rJ mS igw@dk [m 'DEidk if rH mS wef;wlnw D t l cGiahf &;&Sw d mr[kwb f ;l ? 'DEidk if rH mS igw@dk [m 'kw, d wef;pm;Ekid if o H m;rsm; jzpfaew,fqw dk phJ w d af wG &Sad eao;w,fq&dk ifawmh usrwk@d Eidk if [ H m wnf wHhckdif+rJwJh jynfaxmifpk}uD;jzpfEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;? 'Dae&mrSm usrwckowday;csifwm[m usrwk@d ArmvlrsK;d awGuawmh vlrsK;d pk}u;D awmhjzpfwmyJ/ vlrsK;d pk}u;D jzpfwt hJ avsmuf usrwk@d rmS wm0eftxl;&Sw d ,fqw dk m jiif;Ekid pf &m ta=umif;r&Syd gb;l ? 'gayr,fv h nf; usrwk@d wkid ;f &if;om; nDtudak rmifErS rsm;taeeJ@ usrwk@d ArmvlrsK;d awGrmS vnf; pk;d &drcf suaf wG/ ar#mv f ifch suaf wG&dS w,fqw dk mvnf; rarhyge@J v@dk usrwk@d u arwWm&yfccH siw f ,f? usrwk@d tm;vk;H [m uk, d phf ;dk &drf csuaf wGe@J ud, k &hf ŒJ ar#mrf eS ;f csuaf wG &S=d uwmcsn;f yJ? 'gukd wa,mufe@J wa,mufem;vnf&r,f/ wa,mufe@J wa,muf=uifem&r,f/ wu,fawmh 'Dvdk wa,mufuw kd a,muf =uifemwJph w d f "mwf/ wa,mufuw kd a,muf,=Hk unfwphJ w d "f mwfukd tajccH+yD;awmh nD!w G rf u _ kd &Ekid rf mS yg? tJ'v D dk nD!w G rf u _ om jynfaxmifp}k u;D udk wnfwchH idk +f raJ tmif aqmif&u G af y;Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f?

2

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf trSwf 97§c/taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf; A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efukefòrdŒ

Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k csucf si;f v$wf

2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (12)&uf? 1370 ckEpS /f wyk@d wv GJ jynfah usmf (3)&uf? ( 62 ) ESpfajjrmuf rmuf jynfaxmifpkae@ a=unmcsuf a=unmcsuftrSwf-3 § 02 § 09 ,ae@onf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf. (62)ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@jzpfayonf? rdrw d @dk Eidk if H vGwv f yfa&;}uD; jyefvnf&±Sad &;twGuf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;tm;vk;H wpfpw d f wpf0rf;wnf; pnf;vk;H nD!w G =f u&ef oEMÏd mefcsc=hJ uonfh ae@x;l ae@jrwf}uD;jzpfayonf? Tae@ onf jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwf (ac: ) yifvpHk w d "f mwfudk oaE<wnfco hJ nfah e@jzpfovk/d tcsKyf tjcmtm%mykid v f w G v f yfa&; jyefvnf&&S&d eftwGuf orkid ;f .rD;±_;wefaqmifozG,f xGe;f ajymif cJhaomae@vnf;jzpfayonf? rdrw d @dk wikd ;f jynf. vGwv f yfa&;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pktm;vH;k wd@k onf armfueG ;f xd;k cJah om pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf &_ =dS uonft h jyif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;udk trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}u;D tjzpf todtrSwðf yI OD;aqmifru _ kd cH,cl =hJ uonf? xdak =umifh +Adwo d #tpd;k &onf Adv k cf sKyfatmif qef;acgi;f aqmifaom ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGŒJ udk aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf zdw=f um;cJ&h onf? TonfrmS “nD!w G jf cif;onf tiftm;” jzpfa=umif; xif&mS ;apygonf? trsKd ;om;tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf 1946 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (19) &ufae@wiG f aeol&ed t f pnf;ta0;}uD;u xkwjf yefcahJ om “ArmjynfwGif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;wdkif; rdrdwdk@uH=urRmudk rdrdwdk@uom zefwD;Ekdif+yD; tm;vH;k . oabmESihf nD!w G pf mG xlaxmifaom Ekid if w H nfaxmif&ef/ Tod@k wnfaxmif&mY yg0ifaom vlrsKd ;toD;oD;tm; rdrw d @kd u=H urRmudk rdrw d @kd uom zefw;D Ekid af om tcGit hf a&;rsm; ay;xm;&ef” [lonfh qH;k jzwfcsuEf iS hf 1946 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (31) &ufae@wiG f zufqpfqef@usiaf &; jynfoŒl vGwaf jrmufa&;tzGŒJ (zqyv) u xkwjf yefcahJ om -

3

jynfoŒl v$waf wmf tjrefac: “ awmifwef;a'orsm;tm; jrefrmjynfrESit hf wl vGwv f yfa&;ay;&ef ” [lonfh qH;k jzwfcsuw f @kd ukd udik af qmifI +Adwo d #0ef}uD;csKyf rpPwmtufwvD acgi;f aqmif aom ud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J EiS hf vef'efòrdŒY aqG;aEG;cJ=h uonf? tqdyk gaqG;aEG;yGYJ rdrEd idk if H wpfEidk if v H ;kH ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;tygt0if jynfov l l xktm;vH;k vGwv f yfa&;&&S+d yD; tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik f Ekid if w H pfct k jzpf wnfaqmuf&efrmS t"dutcsujf zpfonf? xd@k twl wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;pkrsm;vnf; jynfrESit hf wl wòydief ufwnf; vGwv f yfa&;&&S&d efupd o P nfvnf; ta&;}u;D onfh tcsuw f pfcsujf zpfonf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; acgi;f aqmifaom ud, k pf m;vS,t f zG@J EiS hf +Adwo d #0ef}uD;csKyf acgi;f aqmifaom ud, k pf m;vS,f tzG@J w@kd onf +idr;f csr;f pGm wpfbufEiS w hf pfbuf tay;t,lðyvkyI f awGŒqHak qG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifh 1947 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (27) &ufae@wiG f ordik ;f armfueG ;f 0if “atmifqef;- tufwvD pmcsKyf” udk atmifjrifpmG csKyfqEkd idk cf =hJ uonf? tqdyk gpmcsKyfwiG f wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm;ta&;ESihf pyfvsO;f I (1) e,fjcm;a'orsm;wGif aexdkifaomolrsm;. vGwfvyfaomoabmwlnDcsufESifh tcsed rf aESmif; aygi;f pnf;jcif; atmifjrif&efrmS ESpOf ;D ESpb f ufjzpfaom jrefrmud, k pf m; vS,rf sm;ESihf +Adwo d #tpd;k &wd@k oabmwl+yD;aom &nf&, G cf sujf zpfonf? (2) wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. xifjrifcsurf sm;udk xkwaf zmfajymqdEk idk &f ef aemufv (azazmf 0g&v D ) wGif usi;f yrnfjzpfaom yifvu kH eG zf &ifw h iG v f nf;aumif;/ od@k r[kwf TudpP twGuf usi;f yaom txl;uGezf &ifw h iG v f nf;aumif;/ e,fjcm;a'o&Sd vlrsm;. acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk ar;jref;&rnf?” [lI jzpfygonf? T “atmifqef;- tufwvDpmcsKyf” yg oabmwlq;kH jzwfcsurf sm;t& &Sr;f jynfe,f awmifyikd ;f yifvòkH rdŒwGif 1947 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3) &ufae@wiG f nDvmcH}uD; pwifusi;f ycJ+h yD;/ jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;twGuf ordik ;f 0if “yifvpkH mcsKyf” udk azazmf0g&v D (12) &ufae@wiG f wuf a&mufvm=uonfh ud, k pf m;vS,af wmf}u;D rsm;u *k%, f 0l ifºh umG ;pGm vufrw S af &;xd;k cJ=h uonf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;. tajrmftjrif}uD;rm;r_/ wdik ;f cspjf ynfcsppf w d jf yif;jyr_/ trsKd ;om;pdw"f mwf jynf0h r_/ ud, k u f sKd ;pGe@f tepfemcHr/_ ±d;k om;ajzmifrh wf wnf=unfr/_ ZGJ vH@k v 0D&, d &Srd w _ @kd a=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;u ,H=k unf=uojzifh T “yifvpkH mcsKyfu”kd udk csKyfqEkd ikd cf jhJ cif; jzpfayonf? ,if;pmcsKyfwGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ta&;ESifh pyfvsOf;I wdkif;jynftwGuf t"duta&;}uD;onfh oabmwlncD surf sm;rSm -

4

zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD zGŒJ pnf;ay; “»»» e,fpyfa'orsm;twGuf e,fwiG ;f tkycf sKyfa&;wGif ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tjynfh &Sad p&rnf[al om rlukd oabmwln=D uonf?” (yifvpkH mcsKyf tyd'k f - 5) ESihf “e,fpyfa'orsm;. e,fo§l e,fom;rsm;wd@k onf 'Dru kd a&pDEidk if rH sm;wGif tajccHrsm; tjzpf/ todtrSwf ðyxm;aom tcGit hf a&;wd@k ukd cHpm;Ekid cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?” (yifvpkH mcsKyf tyd'k f - 7) wd@k jzpfayonf? TpmcsKyf}uD;onf rdrw d @kd Eidk if H vGwv f yfa&;&&S&d eftwGuf a&;qG&J rnfh zGJŒpnf;yHktajccH Oya'. tajccHrl}uD;wpf&yf jzpfonfhtjyif/ 'Drdkua&pDoabmw&m;rsm;/ jynfaxmifprk rl sm;udv k nf; udik q f x JG m; a=umif; avhvmawG@&&dS ygonf? ,if;oabmw&m;ESihf rlrsm;yg0if+yD; wdik ;f jynfwnfoa&GŒ xm0pOfvt kd yfaeaom wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf t _ if tm;jzifh yifvpkH mcsKyf}uD;udk csKyfqEkd idk cf o hJ nf? tajccHtcsurf mS awGŒqHak qG;aEG;jcif; &v'fa=umifh om rdrw d @kd wikd ;f jynfvw G v f yfa&; jyefvnf&&Scd jhJ cif;jzpfygonf? trsKd ;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;u jynfaxmifpEk iS yhf wfoufI 1946 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJah om zqyv y%mrjyifqifr_ nDvmcHwiG f atmufyg twdik ;f vrf;!¸erf ed ‹f =um;cJo h nf? “ u|eaf wmfw@kd Armjynfopfukd wnfaxmifawmh jynfaxmifpo k abm wnfaxmifr k hJ vm;/ vlrsKd ;}uD; wrsKd ;wnf;bJqw kd hJ wdik ;f jynfrsKd ; (Unitary State) wnfaxmifrvm;qdw ar;cGe;f udk ajzqdv k w kd ,f? u|eaf wmhtjrift&qd, k ifawmh txufvrl sKd ;a&;t& &oif&h xdu k w f hJ tcGit hf a&;rsKd ;awGukd pnf;urf;owfrw S af y;+yD;awmh (Unitary State) vlrsKd ;}uD;wrsKd ;wnf; qdkwJh EkdifiHrsdK;awmh axmifvdk@rjzpfbl;/ jynfaxmifpkoabmrsdK;bJ jzpf&rSmbJ?” (AdkvfcsKyf atmifqef;. rde@f ceG ;f rsm;/ pmrsuEf mS - 309 ˜ 310 rS) wpfzef Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;u jynfaxmifp}k uD; zGŒH òzd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf wpfajrwnf;ae wpfa&wnf;aomuf pkaygi;f aexdik =f uaom jynfaxmifpzk mG ; wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k wd@k onf pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGmjzifh pkaygif;aqmif&Guf=u&rnfudk 1947 ckESpf/ azazmf0g&Dv (11) &ufae@Y yifvòkH rdŒapmfbmG ;rsm; npmpm;yGw J iG f atmufygtwdik ;f ¹rGu=f um;cJyh gonf? “ wwdik ;f jynfv;kH }uD;yGm;apcsi, f if vltm;/ aiGtm;/ ypPn;f tm;ESihf pkaygi;f +yD;/ tifwu kd f tm;wdu k f vkyEf idk rf S tusKd ;cHpm;cGihf &S=d urSmbJ? ArmuwrsKd ;/ u&if u wzH/k &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f wd@k u wjcm;/ tuGu J t JG jym;jym; vkyaf e=u,if tusKd ;&Srd mS r[kwb f ;l ? pkaygi;f vky=f u&rSom tusKd ;&Sd Ekid rf ,f? »»»”

5

awGŒqHak qG;aEG;a&; taumiftxnfazmfay; wnfwchH ikd +f rJaom jynfaxmifpu k kd wef;wlrj_ zifh zG@J pnf;&mY xm;&St d yfaom ,ae@ trsKd ; om;a&;wm0efEiS hf ywfoufI 1989 ckEpS /f Zlvikd v f (15) &ufae@wiG f usi;f ycJah om jynfaxmifpk wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd n‡Ed i_d ;f aqG;aEG;yGw J iG f taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unf u “»»» u|erf wd@k vGwv f yfa&;r&cifu trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef[m vGwv f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyf tjcmtm%mydkifa&;jzpfygw,f? tJh'DtrsdK;om;a&;wm0efudkvnf; tm;vHk; pnf;pnf;±Hk;±Hk; aqmif&u G Ef idk o f jzifh atmifjrifcw hJ ,f? 'Dae@ trsKd ;om;a&;[m 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm; wef;wlnrD #a&;jzpfw,f?” “tJ'h t D rsKd ;om;a&;udk aqmif&u G Ef idk zf @kd twGuf wpfcEk iS w hf pfck acgi;f eJ@yef;ozG,f cGjJ cm;vd@k r&ovdk cGjJ cm;r_rðyrS u|erf wd@k ar#mrf eS ;f wJh wwd,jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf ac:ac: jynf axmifpjk refrmEkid if o H pf ac:ac: wu,fwef; om,m0ajymwJ/h wu,fwef; +ird ;f csr;f om,mwJ/h wu,fwef; pnf;±Hk;nD!GwfwJh/ wu,fwef; t"Gef@&SnfwnfwHhr,fh wwd,jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if [ H m jzpfay:vmvdrrhf ,f »»»” [k ajym=um;cJo h nf? trsdK;om;aqmif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmif}uD;rsm; awG@qHk aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh tkwjf rpfcs wnfaqmufay;cJah om yifvpkH w d "f mwf od@k r[kwf jynfaxmifpk pdw"f mwf rnfr#twdik ;f twmxd &Sio f efzŒHG òzd; cdik rf mae+yDqo kd nfukd qef;ppfo;kH oyf=unf&h ef trSew f u,fvt kd yfaeygonf? ,ae@ tcsed t f cgwiG f yifvpkH mcsKyf. &nf&, G cf surf sm; qdwo f Ok ;f aeovd/k wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf _ ysujf ym;ae+yD; 'Dru dk a&pDtcGit hf a&;rsm;vnf; qH;k ±H;_ ae ygonf? trsKd ;om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &; a0;uGmaeum trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rSmvnf; uG,faysmufvsuf&Sdygonf? EkdifiHa&;udk EkdifiHa&;enf;jzifhom awGŒqHkaqG;aEG; n‡dEd_if;tajz&Smjcif;r&SdbJ/ rnfonfh Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;udrk # ajyvnfatmif ajz&Si;f Ekid rf nfr[kwaf y? xdek nf;wl trsKd ;om;jyef vnfoifjh rwfa&;r&Sb d J wnf+idraf t;csr;f aom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmfukd rnfo@kd r# wnf aqmufEidk rf nfr[kwaf y? Ekid if w H umwGiv f nf; rnfonfh yËdyuQrsm;/ jy\emrsm;udrk qdk wpf bufowf tiftm;oH;k I rajz&Si;f =ubJ/ wpfbufEiS hf wpfbuf awG@qakH qG;aEG;I +idr;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f ae=uojzifh ajyvnf=uonfh om"ursm;vnf; &Syd gonf? xd@k a=umifh rdrw d @kd Eidk if w H iG f trSew f u,f óuHawG@ae&aom Ekid if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ use;f rma&; ponft h axGaxG tusyt f wnf;rsm;ESihf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m tcuftcJrsm;udk EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHŒòzd;a&;aumifpDESifh trsdK;om;'Drdkua&

6

trsm;jynfol oabmrwlwhJ trde‹f tm%m[lor# wm0eft&zDqef-u pDtzG@J csKyfw@kd onf t"duwm0ef&o dS nfEiS t hf nD wdik ;f jynfEiS jhf ynfov l x l . k ypPKy`eEf iS hf tem*wf tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;udk ar#mu f ;kd I awG@qakH qG;aEG; ndE‡ i_d ;f tajz&Smjcif;rSwpfqifh trsKd ;om;jyefvnf oifjh rwfa&;udk rv$rJ aoG jyefvnfwnfaqmuf=u&ef txl;vdt k yfonf? trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;rSonf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;tm;vH;k aoG;pnf;nD!w G f onfh t"Ge@f &n S w f nfwchH ikd +f rJaom jynfaxmifpEk idk if aH wmfukd wnfaxmifEidk &f eftwGuf yuwd tajctaersm;. awmif;qdck surf sm;ESit hf nD Ekid if aH &;ywf0ef;usif tajctaeaumif;rsm;udk zefw;D ay;&ef txl;vdt k yfayonf? od@k ygI (u) jynfaxmifpo k rRwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' (2008) onf pwiftm %mwnfjcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh jyefvnfoHk;oyfEkdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf; om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumifpu D rdrw d @kd u, kd w f ikd f jyÏmef;xm;onfh jynfo@l vw $ f awmfa&G;aumufyOJG ya'/ xkwjf yefxm;onfh a=unmcsurf sm;ESit hf nD 1990 jynfh ESpf a&G;aumufy&JG v'fukd taumiftxnfazmfonft h aejzifh jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd tjrefq;kH ac:,lz@JG pnf;ay;&ef? (c) rdrEd idk if w H iG f 'Dru dk a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGit hf a&;rsm;&&S&d ef tpOfwpdu k f óud;yrf;tm;xkwf r_a=umifh aetdrrf sm;wGif xde;f odr;f jcif;cHae=u&aom trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf 'kw, d OuUÏ OD;wifO;D ESihf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unf wd@k tm; Ekid if aH wmf. vdt k yfcsut f & ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef? (*) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkrsm; ryg0ifbJ ppfreS af om 'Dru dk a&pDjynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H awmfukd wnfaqmufEidk rf nfr[kwaf oma=umifh &Sr;f wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;'Dru kd a&pDt zG@J csKyf OuUÏ cGex f eG ;f OD;/ twGi;f a&;rSL; pdik ;f !Ge@f viG Ef iS hf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif rsm;tm; ESp&f n S v f rsm; jypf'%fuscaH e&jcif;rS ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef? (C) rdrw d @kd .Ekid if aH &;,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;/ jypf'%fcsjcif;cHae =u&aom q&mawmf/ oHCmawmft&Sio f jl rwfrsm;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m; vS,rf sm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; ponfh Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k wd@k ukd uef@ owfcsurf sm;r&Sb d J ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH v$waf y;&ef? (i) rdrw d @kd . Ekid if aH &;,H=k unfcsuaf =umifh jypf'%fusjcif;cHae=u&aom rif;udEk idk /f udu k kd }uD; ponfh (88) rsdK;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; tm;vHk;udk ¹cGif;csufr&Sd tjrefqHk;v$wfay;&ef?

7

ppftyk pf . k 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG m; qefŒusiw f u kd zf su-f u

“usrwd‹k vGwv f yfa&;r&cifu trsKd ;om;a&;wm0ef[m vGwv f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifa&;jzpfygw,f? tJh'DtrsdK;om;a&;wm0efudkvnf; tm;vHk; pnf;pnf;±Hk;±Hk; aqmif&GufEkdifojzifh atmifjrifcJhw,f? 'Dae‹ trsdK;om;a&;[m 'Dru kd a&pDa&;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; wef;wlnrD #a&;jzpfw,f? tJ'h t D rsKd ;om;a&;udk aqmif&u G Ef idk zf ‹kd twGuf wpfcEk iS w hf pfck acgif;eJ‹yef;ozG,f cGjJ cm;vd‹k r&ovdk cGjJ cm;r+rðyrS usrwd‹k ar#mfreS ;f wJh wwd,jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf ac:ac:/ jynf axmifpjk refrmEkid if o H pf ac:ac: wu,fwef; om,m0ajymwJ/h wu,fwef; _idr;f csr;f om,mwJ/h wu,fwef; pnf;±H;k nD!w G w f /hJ wu,fwef; t"Ge‹f &n S w f nfwrhH ,fh wwd,jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if [ H m jzpfay:vmvdrrhf ,f ”

(p) Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm; rSwyf w kH ifjcif;Oya'ESit hf nD w&m;0if&yfwnfaeaom trsKd ;om; 'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyf. tqifq h ifah om pnf;±H;k a&;tzG@J ±H;k rsm;udk Oya'ESihf nD!w G jf cif; r&Sb d J acwW[q k +kd yD; ,ae@txd ig;ESpaf usmo f nfw h ikd f umv&Sn=f umpGm csw d yf w d f xm;jcif;rS tjrefq;kH jyefvnfziG v hf pS af y;&efEiS hf vGwv f yfpmG pnf;±H;k v_y&f mS ;cGiahf y;&ef? (q) 1990 jynfhESpf ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydif tEkid &f &Scd +hJ y;D zsuo f rd ;f jcif;cHxm;=u&aom wkid ;f &if;om;Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm; tygt0if Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk jyefvnfrw S yf w kH ifciG ahf y;I vGwv f yfpmG pnf;±H;k v_y&f mS ;cGirhf sm; ay;&ef? wdk@udk EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHŒòzd;a&;aumifpDu wdkif;jynfESifh jynfolvlt usKd ;udk a&S;±_I vufawG@ aqmif&u G af y;&ef Tordik ;f 0if jynfaxmifpak e@}uD;wGif tav;teuf cdik rf mpGm awmif;qdak =umif; a=unmvdu k o f nf? 22- 1 - 09 ae@wiG f usi;f yaom A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftzG@J . tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf &efukefòrdŒ

8

rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf trSwf 97§c/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf; A[ef;òrd‹e,f/ &efukefòrd‹ 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (12)&uf? 1370 ckEpS /f wyk@d wv GJ jynfah usmf (3)&uf? (62) ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae@ obmywdrdef@cGef; tm;vk;H uk, d pf w d Ef pS jf zm usr;f rmI csr;f om=u+yD; usuo f a& r*Fvmtaygi;f ESihf jynfph Hk =uygap? 'Dae@[m trsK;d om;tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmiftr–;ðy+yD; wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf awG@qaHk qG;aEG;I trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &; wnfaqmuf cJw h hJ (62)ESpjf ynfw h ahJ e@jzpfygw,f? 'g[m bmvJqadk wmh 1947 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (12) &uf ae@rmS &Sr;f jynfawmifyidk ;f yifvòHk rd‹Y yifvpHk mcsKyfudk Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; +idr;f csr;f pGm awG@qaHk qG;aEG;=u+yD; vufrw S af &;xk;d csKyfqcdk w hJ hJ rdrw d idk ;f jynfvw G v f yf a&; jynfvnf&&Sad &;twGuf wkid ;f jynf&ŒJ orkid ;f 0ifae@&ufjzpfygw,f? yifvpHk mcsKyf csKyfqEdk idk cf jhJ cif;a=umifh usaemfw@dk widk ;f jynfrmS wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf _ ukd wnfaqmufEikd ±f rHk u aoG;pnf;nD!w G o f nfh tajctaetxd wnfaqmufEidk cf =hJ uygw,f? xkw d idk ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;/ trsK;d om;nD!w G af &;&cJw h m Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;&JŒ acgi;f aqmifr/_ ±k;d om;¹zlpifr/_ uk, d u f sK;d rzufr/_ ZJG 0D&, d tp&Sw d hJ acgi;f aqmift&nftcsi;f rsm;eJ@ wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;&JŒ tar#mt f jrif}uD;rm;r_w@dk a=umifjh zpfygw,f? vGwv f yfa&;wku d yf &GJ ŒJ atmifjrifr[ _ m aemufq;Hk tqifYh awG@qaHk qG;aEG;+yD; nD!w G af &; tiftm;omjzpfygw,f? tJ'cD , H cl sut f wkid ;f yifvpHk mcsKyfEiS t hf wl wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G f r_ ac:a0:aom yifvpHk w d "f mwfuykd g csrw S Ef idk cf v hJ @dk 1947 ckEpS f zJ@G pnf;ykt H yk cf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' a&;qJt G wnfðy+yD; vGwv f yfaom jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if u H dk wnfaqmufcjhJ cif;jzpfygw,f? ok@d aomf vGwv f yfa&;&+yD; (61)ESpt f wGi;f rSmawmh ta=umif;a=umif;awGa=umihf trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G f r_}uD;òyducGJ &hJ ygw,f? 'ga=umifh 'Dae@ 'Dru dk a&pDjynfaxmifpk xlaxmif

9

a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f a&;ESihf jynfaxmifpw k nfwchH idk +f raJ &;twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;[m jynfvnfwnfaqmufz@dk &ef t"duvkt d yfcsujf zpfaeygw,f? wkid ;f jynfrmS &ifqidk af e&wJh Ekid if aH &;rajyvnfr/_ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &; pwJh taxGaxGt=uyf twnf;rsm;udk vufiif;ajz&Si;f =u&ef txl; tjrefvt dk yfvsu&f ydS gw,f? 'Dupd aP wGuv kd nf; awG@qaHk qG;aEG; tajz&Sm=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? wkid ;f jynf}uD; vGwv f yfa&;&&Sad tmifuykd if awG@qHk aqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh atmifjrifr&_ &Scd w hJ mjzpfygw,f? xyfrI H wifjy&ygvsif Ekid if w H umESihf jynfwiG ;f tawG@tóuHt& trsK;d om;jyefvnf oifhjrwfa&;ukd vufawG@wnfaqmuf=ur,fqkd&if wkdif;jynfESifh jynfolvlxk.tusKd;ukd t"duxm;+yD; awG@qkHaqG;aEG; !SdE_dif;tajz&Sm=u&rSmjzpfygw,f? tJ'Dvkd awG@qkHaqG;aEG;wJh tcgrmS vnf; trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}uD;/ wyfrawmfzcif}uD;/ vGwv f yfa&;Adou k m}uD; Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;&JŒ xl;jcm;wJh t&nftcsi;f rsm;udk jyefvnfavhvmzk@d vydk gw,f? tJ't D &nftcsi;f rsm;teuf tcsuw f pfcsuu f dk wifjyvkyd gw,f? yifvpHk mcsKyfqcdk w hJ hJ óud;yrf;r_rsm;ESihf zJ@G pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya' a&;qJw G hJ vkyif ef;rsm;udk avhvm=unfw h t hJ cgrmS “Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;[m vrf;!Gerf a_ y;±ko H mr[kwb f J tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;wJt h xd yg0ifcyhJ gw,f?” awG@qaHk qG;aEG;wJt h cgrmS vnf; wkid ;f jynftusK;d t"duxm;+yD; “jzpfEidk o f nfu h pd w P iG f tavsmah y;I rjzpfEidk o f nfu h pd rP sm;ESiyhf wfoufI pdw&f n S pf mG jzifh &Si;f vif; ajym=um;wwfayonf? ” [k uk, d af wG@yifvpHk mtkyo f rkid ;f rSm rSww f rf;wifxm;cJyh gw,f? Adv k cf sKyfwnfaxmifcw hJ hJ wyfrawmfacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf olr&JŒzcif wnfaxmifcw hJ hJ wyfr awmftay: oHa,mZOf}uD;rm;wJh trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–; a':atmifqef;pk=unf wk@d [m jrefrmEkid if rH mS &ifqidk af e&wJh trsK;d om;jy\emrsm;tay: tajc cHoabmwlncD surf sm;&onftxd ESpzf uf !SEd id_ ;f oGm;=uzd@k vydk gw,f[k a':atmifqef;pk=unf u ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;&rS trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &; wnf aqmufEidk u f m trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;nD!w G af &;&&S+d yD; trSew f u,f at;csr;f om,mwJh Ekid if H tjzpf &yfwnfomG ;Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f? ok@d a=umifh Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zH@G òzd;a&;aumifpu D trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf. txl;a=unmcsut f rSwf 18§09§08 . t}uHðycsurf sm;rS t"dutcsurf sm; jzpfaom“(1) tm%mykid w f @dk u ‚if;wk@d u, dk w f idk f jyÏmef;xm;onfh jynfo h @l vw $ af wmfa&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'rf - 3 ESit hf nD 1990 jynfEh pS f ygwpD 'Hk rD u dk a&pD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyw GJ iG f tEkid &f &Scd ahJ om Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh jynfoŒl v$waf wmfudk tjref

10

tusO;f uscH wdik ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csucf si;f v$w?f

wkid ;f &if;om;tm;vk;H [m pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;twGuf pdwu f ;l }uHpnfwmrSeo f r# arwWmapwema&SŒxm;_yD;vkyf-u&ygr,f? aemufjyD;awmh wkdif;&if;om; tm;vkH; pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &;twGuf ud, k /f E+wt f rlt&m rSeo f r#[m arwWm/ apwem xm;_yD; vky&f ygr,f? aemuf_yD;awmh wkid ;f &if;om;tm;vk;H pnf;vk;H nD!w G af &; twGuf at;twl/ yltr# cHpm; pHpm;&r,freS o f r# cJaG 0 r#w cHpm;-u&ygr,f? wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G f a&;twGuf wEkid v f ;Hk &JŒ jy\emjzpfay:vm&if vnf;yJ tm;vk;H u r#w_yD;awmh cJaG 0wm0ef,-l u&rSmjzpfygw,f? aemuf_yD;awmh wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;twGuf usaemfwkd‹ pdwfwl 'Drdkua&pDrlay:rSm tajccH _yD;awmh _idrf;csrf;pGm at;aq;pGm &yfwnfEkdifatmif óud;pm;-u&rSmjzpfygw,f? aemuf_yD;awmh tm;vkH; pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;twGuf jzLpifjrifhjrwfwJh pdwf"mwfeJ‹ usaemfwkd‹tm;vkH; !SdEd+if;wkdifyif_yD;awmh usaemfwkd‹tm;vkH;[m EdkifiHawmf}uD;&JŒ tusKd;pD;yGm; ckdifcHhwnf_rJzdk‹twGufudk pdwfxJrSm tifrwef jzLpifwJhpdwf"mwfxm;_yD;awmh vkyfudkifoGm;&r,f? (tzGJŒcsKyf 'k OuUX OD;wifOD;) qk;H ac:,lz@GJ pnf;ay;&ef/ (2) ,if;jynfolŒv$wfawmfu zJG@pnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyefvnfokH;oyfa&;aumfrwDudk 1990 jynfEh pS f a&G;aumufyw GJ iG f tEkid &f Ekid if aH &;ygwrD sm;rS uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;/ jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/ wyfrawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/ wkdif;&if;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/ zJG@pnf;ykH tajccHOya'qkid &f m u|r;f usio f yl nm&Sirf sm;jzifh zJ@G pnf;ay;&ef/” rsm;ukd wkdif;jynfESifh jynfolvlxktusKd;twGuf pdwfapwem aumif;rGefpGmjzifh tav;xm; aqmif&u G af y;&ef wku d w f eG ;f &if; ed*;Hk csKyftyfygw,fcifAsm;? &efukefòrd@?

11

etz 2010 udk [efcsun f n D D wdu k zf su-f u?

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR DEMOCRACY (Liberated Area)

(62) ESpfajrmufjynfaxmifpkae‹xkwfjyefa=unmcsuf jynfaxmifpkae@onf jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif ta&;}uD;aom ordkif;0if ae@xl;ae@jrwf wckjzpfc+hJ yD; qufvufI ta&;ygaeOD;rnfh armfueG ;f 0if ae@&ufwae@vnf;jzpfa=umif; owdðyrd =urnfjzpfygonf? jrefrmEdik if v H w G v f yfa&;ESihf tem*wf Edik if aH wmfwnfaqmufa&;twGuf trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; tjyeftvSef ,Hk =unfrw _ nfaqmufEikd cf =hJ uaom/ pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf u _ kd jyoEdik cf =hJ uaom ordik ;f pOfvm}uD;rm; cJo h nfh ae@&ufwae@vnf;jzpfygonf? wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;. wef;wltcGit hf a&;ESihf ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGiq hf o kd nfrmS jynfow l &yfv;kH vdkvm;awmifhwvsuf&Sdonfh 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh cGJjcm;r&avmufatmif tjyeftvSef qufpyfvsu&f adS eonf? xd@k a=umifh wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH onf pkaygi;f =u &efvo kd nf? nD!w G =f u&efvo kd nf? ‚if;nD!w G rf t _ ajccHukd jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfay:wGif wnf aqmuf&rnfjzpfa=umif; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfacgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf rS 1996 ckEpS f azazmf0g&v D twGi;f ðyvkyaf om vlxak qG;aEG;yGw J iG f ajym=um;cJo h nf? “ jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfqdkwm yifvHkpdwf"mwfygbJ/ yifvHkpdwf"mwfqdkwm[m jynf axmifpkom;tm;vHk;&JŒ wef;wlnDwla&;eJ@ wef;wlnDwla&;ay:rSmtajccHwJh nD!Gwfa&; jzpf w ,f ? wef ; wl n D w l r _ r &S d E d k i f & if nD ! G w f r _ q d k w m &S d E d k i f r S m r[k w f a wmh b l ; (Oyrm) ol@udkESpfusyfay;&if wdk@udkawmh wusyfbJay;w,f/ pdwfxJrSm b,fauseyfrvJ/ tJ'DxJudku nD!Gwfr_qdkwmr&Sdawmhbl;? tJ'ga=umifh usrwdk@EdkifiHrSm jynfaxmifpkwnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;jzpfzdk@ qdkwm tm;vHk;u auseyf&r,f? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;tm;vHk;u igwdk@tm;vHk;[m wef;wlnD wl tcGifhta&;&Sdw,fqdkwJh cdkifrmwJh ,Hk=unfr_&SdrSomv#if usrwdk@jynfaxmifpk wnfwHh cdik jf rJEikd rf mS yg ” qdak ompum;udk wdik ;f &if;om;jynforl sm;tm;vH;k tav;teufxm;oifo h nf?

12

ppftm%m&Sipf epf usq;kH a&;twGuf pnf;vH;k -u/ nD!w G -f u/ xºuG-u? jrefrmEdik if t H wGi;f rSw D if;aexdik =f uaom wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;tm;vH;k onf ud, k yf ikd af 'o/ udk,fydkif,Ofaus;r_/ udk,fydkif"avhxHk;pH/ udk,fydkifbmompum;rsm;jzifh vSypGmwnf&SdcJh+yD;jzpf a=umif; wOD;udkwOD; todtrSwfðy tav;teufxm;zdk@vdkonf? rwluGJjym;jcm;em;aom ,Ofaus;r_rsm;/ bmompum;rsm;/ xH;k wrf;pOfvmrsm;a=umifh cGjJ cm;qufqI H r&? vlrsK;d / bmom pum;/ ae&ma'orsm;a=umifh awmf0ifjcif;/ ,kwn f jhH cif;rsm;r&S?d tjyeftvSe, f =kH unfrr_ sm;/ em;vnfrr_ sm;/ av;pm;r_rsm;jzifo h m pkaygi;f aexdik f vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G =f u&rnf? nD!w G rf t _ ajc cHjzifhomv#if EdkifiHawmf.tem*wfudk wnfaqmuf=u&rnf? nD!Gwfr#wr_tajccHt& omv#if at;csr;f om,maom Edik if aH wmfukd ydik q f ikd Ef ikd rf nf? nD!w G rf t _ ajccHjzifh at;csr;f om,maom Edik if aH wmfjzpfro S mv#if Edik if aH wmfwnfwchH ikd jf rJI acwfrzDS @HG òzd;wd;k wufrnf? vuf&EdS ikd if aH wmfonf ppf0g'rD sm;/ ppftm%m&Sirf sm;. Oya'rJh &ufpufpmG zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf _ atmufwiG f wdik ;f &if;om; jynfow l &yfv;kH cg;oD;pGm awG@óuHae&aomtcsed jf zpfonf? ppftm %m&Sirf sm;vufatmufwiG f ud, k yf ikd t f cGit hf a&;/ wef;wla&;/ vGwv f yfa&;rsm;udk ar#mv f ifah eI r&? wdik ;f &if;om;jynfow l &yfv;kH . pnf;vH;k nD!w G af omtiftm;jzifo h m &,lEikd rf nf? jynf axmifppk w d "f mwftajccHjzifh pkpnf;nD!w G =f u&efvo kd nf? rnfonfah e&m/ rnfonfah 'owGif rqdk wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm; pkpnf;nD!GwfpGmjzifh ppftm%m&Sifz,f&Sm;a&;udk twlwuG yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G o f ifo h nf? ppftm%m&Sirf sm;vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufro S mv#if ppfreS f aom z,f'&,fjynfaxmifppk epfukd xlaxmif Edik rf nf? xd@k a=umifh ,cktcsed u f mvwGif wdik ;f &if; om;jynforl sm; wpdww f 0rf;xJ nD!w G pf mG jzifh ppftm%m&Sipf epfukd t+yD;wdik f z,f&mS ;edik &f ef aqmif&u G o f if+h yDjzpfa=umif; wdu k w f eG ;f tyfygonf?

A[dkaumfrwD trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf ( vGwaf jrmufe,fajr ) &ufpJG - 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (12) &uf? ÐÐÐ

13

a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f

trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf ( vGwfajrmufe,fajr ) zJGŒpnf;wnfaxmifjcif; ( 18 ) ESpf jynfhae‹&ufwGif tzJGŒ0ifrsm;xHodk‹ ay;ydk‹aom OuU X. o0%fv$m trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) zJ@G pnf;wnfaxmifjcif; (18) ESpjf ynfh ae@&ufwiG f tzJ@G 0iftm;vH;k ud, k pf w d Ef pS jf zm use;f rm=uI wdik ;f jynfEiS v hf x l t k usKd ;udk qxuf xrf;yd;k xrf;aqmifEikd =f uygapa=umif; qkawmif;arwWmyd@k ovdu k yf gw,f? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) udk 1991 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &ufrmS awmfveS af &;&JŒ A[dck surf jzpfwhJ rme,fyavmrSm zJ@G pnf;cJw h ,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf OD;aqmifwhJ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf&ŒJ rl0g'oabmw&m;vrf;pOftwdik ;f cH,zl @kd jynfwiG ;f tzJ@G csKyfrmS wm0ef,cl zhJ ;l wJh yk*Kd~ vfrsm;u OD;aqmif+yD; zJ@G pnf;cJw h mjzpfw,f? rdrw d @kd . tzJ@G tpnf; wnfaxmifonfh (18) ESpo f ufwrf;umvrSm tzJ@G tpnf;wck taejzifh jzwfoef;or#ukd jyefvnf±j_ rifo;kH oyf&efvnf; rdrw d @kd tay: wm0ef&adS eygw,f? yxrqH;k bma=umifh (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) vd@k xnfo h iG ;f &w,fqw kd mudk &Si;f vif;vdyk g w,f? vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;rSm tajccHa'o/ ajymufusm;a'o/ vGwaf jrmufa'o pwJh tqifq h ifh a'ooH;k ck&w dS t hJ xJu- tajccHa'oqdw k m &efo@l yikd ef ufrmS &Sw d ,f? 'gayr,fh rdrd wd@k ukd axmufcw H v hJ x l /k ygw0D ifawG &Sw d ,f/ v#Kd Œ0Suv f y_ &f mS ;&wJh e,fajrudk tajccHa'ovd@k owfrw S w f ,f? tJ'D tajccHa'ouwqifh vufeufuikd f v_y&f mS ;Edik w f /hJ ajymufusm;ppf qifE$J Edik w f hJ ajymufusm;a'oudk azmfxw k Ef ikd yf gw,f? tJ'D a'oawGukd tajccH+yD;rSom &efozl Ed ySd rf _ uif;wJh / rdrw d @kd u, kd w f ikd f e,fajrpDrcH ef@cEGJ ikd w f hJ vGwaf jrmufa'oudk wnfaqmuf&ygw,f ? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJG@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) [m &efolzdESdyfr_uif;wJh awmfvSef a&; a'o&JŒ tjrifq h ;kH vGwaf jrmufe,fajrrSm zJ@G pnf;Edik cf w hJ ,f? vGwaf jrmufe,fajrvd@k *k%, f l pGm azmfjycJyh gw,f? tzJ@G csKyf ( vGwaf jrmufe,fajr )&J‹ tzJ@G 0ifawG[m tajccHa'o/ ajymuf usm;a'o/ vGwaf jrmufa'o oH;k ckpvH;k rSm wm0efxrf;aqmifz;l cJ=h uygw,f? tzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)[m (18)ESpt f wGi;f rSm bmwm0efawGrsm; xrf;aqmifchJ w,fqw kd mvJ jyefo;kH oyfcsiyf gw,f? vGwaf jrmufe,fajr&,fv@kd zJ@G pnf;uwnf;u/ rdciftzJ@G csKyftaeeJ@ &efo@l zEd ydS rf a_ tmuf rSm v_y&f mS ;r&Edik w f hJ wm0efawGukd vGwaf jrmufe,fajru jznfq h nf;aqmif&u G zf @kd tm;xkwyf g w,f? t"dutm;jzifh (1) wdik ;f &if;om; tzJŒG tpnf;awG/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;awGe@J aoG;pnf;nD

14

tusO;f uscH wdik ;f &if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csucf si;f v$w?f !Gwaf &;/ (2) jynfwiG ;f tzJ@G 0ifrsm;/ vlxt k zJŒG tpnf;rsm; eJ@ v#Kd Œ0Suf qufpyf aqmif&u G af &; (3) Edik if w H umod@k jzef@usupf nf;±H;k Edik af &;/ pwJrh rl sm; csrw S cf w hJ ,f? 'Dral wGatmufrmS taumiftxnfazmfcw hJ hJ vkyif ef;rsm;uawmh tzJ@G csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) zJ@G pnf;+yD; r=umcif 1991 azazmf0g&D (22) &ufae@rmS DAB eJ@ yl;aygif;+yD; ppftm%m&Sifwdkufzsufa&;/ trsdK;om;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;aumfrwD ADNSC (Anti-military Dictatorship National Solidarity Committee) udz k @GJ pnf;cJw h ,f? 1992 pufwifbm (22) NCUB zJ@G pnf;wJh tcgrmS t"dur¾dKif (4) &yfxu J r¾dKifwpfct k jzpf yg0ifcJhw,f? - 1992 Zlvdkif (31) &ufrSm NLD-LA tygt0if tzGJ@ (4) zGJ@ yl;wGJ+yD; tem*wf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&;twGuf “rme,fyavmpmcsKyf” udk csKyfqkd EdkifcJhw,f? - 1998 'DZifbmv (14) &ufae@ rSm trsKd ;om;tiftm;pkrsm;/ 'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; pkpak ygi;f (24) zJ@G yg0ifwhJ “okru GJ vd;k ” oabmwlncD suu f kd vufrw S af &;xd;k cJw h ,f? - NLD-LA [mwav#mufv;kH tem*wfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;Edik af &;twGuf tajccHrrl sm;/ tajccHOya'rsm; a&;qG&J mrSm yg0ifcw hJ ,f? ouU&mZf 2000 ausmaf emufyikd ;f rSm Ekid if w H umrSm NLD-LA XmecGrJ sm;zG@J pnf;a&;rsm;udk wd;k csŒJ aqmif&u G cf w hJ ,f? jynfwiG ;f vlxek @J qufo, G af &;vkyif ef;/ pnf;±H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udv k nf; wdk;jr‡ifhaqmif&GufEdkifcJhygw,f? (18) ESpu f mvtwGi;f 'Dvv kd yk if ef;awG aqmif&u G Ef idk cf ahJ yrJh ,ae@ NLD-LA wnfaxmif wm (18) ESpf twdik ;f twmeJ@ Edi_ ;f pm&if tm;&zG,rf &Sad o;wmudak wmh 0efc&H ygr,f? óuHóuduw f ;kH 'Dae&mrSm NLD-LA awG@c&hJ wJh t=uyftwnf;awG/ &JabmftzGŒJ 0ifawG wwd,Edik if o H @kd UNHCR tpDtpOfe@J xu G cf mG oGm;=uwJu h pd P wifjycsiyf gw,f? wwd,Edik if u H kd xGucf mG oGm;olawGa&m/ xGucf mG zd@k jyifqifaewJh &Jabmftrsm;pk[m vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &; e,fajrrSm aygi;f pyfwu dk yf 0JG ifz@kd a&mufvm=uwJo h al wG jzpfygw,f? wwd,Edik if o H mG ;r,fqw kd hJ &nf&, G cf suef @J awmfveS af &;xJ 0ifco hJ al wGr[kwyf gb;l ? ouU&mZf 2000 ausmrf mS wku d cf wfvmwJh vdi_ ;f aemuf vku d yf gomG ;=u&wmyJjzpfyg w,f? 'g[m wOD;csi;f pDe@J oufqikd w f u hJ pd o P mjzpfw,f? ygww D &yfv;kH taeeJ@ rl tjzpf rxm;cJyh gb;l ? &Jabmfrsm;[m wwd,EdkifiHa&muf&ifvJ a&mufwJhae&mrSm awmfvSefa&;qufvkyf=urSm

15

ppftyk pf . k 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG m; qefŒusiw f u kd zf su-f u jzpfw,f? XmecsKyftaeeJ@u wAdv k q f if;wAdv k w f ufy/J jrefrmjynfppftm%m&Sipf epfatmufu rvGwo f r# awmfveS af &;quf&adS e&rSmjzpfygw,f? wqufwnf;rSmyJ vuf&dS usaemfw@kd jrefrmjynfvx l t k ajctaeudk quf=unhaf pvdyk g w,f? ,ae@ jrefrmjynf vlrsKd ;pHjk ynfot l m;vH;k acwftqufqufrmS tqd;k 0g;qH;k 'kueQ @J óuHae& wJh tcsed jf zpfw,f? pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ynma&;/ tusiphf m&dwW tppt&m&m ysupf ;D ,d, k iG ;f aew,f? use;f rma&; edryhf g;aew,f? ul;pufa&m*g jyef@E@HS Ee_ ;f }u;D rm;w,f? aq;±Hak wGrmS aq;0g; rvHak vmufv@kd aq;ukray;Edik b f ;l ? vl@tcGit hf a&;qdw k m a0vma0;yJ? vl}uD; vli,f/ uav;/ a,musmf ;/ rde;f r ra&G; ud, k rhf cd ifwikd ;f jynfupkd eG @f +yD; wjcm;Ekid if aH wGrmS tvky=f urf; vkyaf e=u &w,f? trsdK;om;*k%foduQm t}uD;tus,f usqif;ae=u&ygw,f? wòydiw f nf;rSm wkid ;f jynftyk cf sKyfaew,fqw kd hJ ppftyk pf [ k m jynfov l x l q k if;&JwiG ;f u vGwfatmifaqmif&Gufr,fh t&dyfta,mifrawG@&bl;? ppftkyfpk oufqdk;&Snfa&;twGufyJ wpdu k rf wfrwfvyk af ew,f? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfe@J vlxak xmufcw H hJ Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG udk acsre_ ;f zsuq f ;D zd@k vyk af ew,f? ygw0D ifawG/ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifawG/ jynfojl ynfom; awG/ wkid ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifawGukd rw&m;zrf;qD;+yD; ESp&f n S af xmifcsxm;w,f? trsm;od=u wJt h wdik ;f ouU&mZf 2010 rSm a&G;aumufyv JG yk +f yD; ppftyk pf k &moufyef tm%m+rJa&;udk w&m;0ifjzpfatmifvkyfzdk@ acgif;rmrmeJ@óud;pm;aewmudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; awG@&Sd&ygvdrfhr,f? &JabmftzGJ@0iftaygif;wdk@cifAsm; 'Dumvvdk ppftyk pf u k vJ aemufrqkww f rf; acgi;f rmae/ jynfov l x l u k vJ tvGe'f u k Q a&muf+yD; taxGaxGc|wòf cHusre_ @J óuHae&csed rf mS rdrw d @kd tzG@J 0ifawG[m vlxak &SŒuae rm;rm; rwfrwf&yf+yD; wku d yf 0JG ifz@kd txl;vdt k yfaeyg+yD? 1990 a&G;aumufyu JG ae jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH u ay;vku d w f hJ rdrw d @kd &ŒJ wm0efukd ausyeG af tmifxrf;aqmifz@kd tcsed jf zpfaeyg+yD? 'ga=umifh rdrw d @kd tzGŒJ 0iftm;vH;k [m wdik ;f jynf&ŒJ tusKd ;/ vlx&k ŒJ tusKd ;udk a&S;&_+yD; pGe@f vw $ t f epfemcHjcif;rsm;eJ@ wku d yf 0JG if&awmhrmS jzpfa=umif; wyfveS @f vu kd yf gw,f? txl;ojzifh rdciftzGŒJ csKyf&ŒJ 18-9-2008 a=unmcsuyf g etz&JŒ zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfjyifqifa&; wku d yf v JG rf;a=umif;twdik ;f rsujf cnfrjywfz@kd vw kd ,f? vwfwavm ukvor*~txl;ud, k pf m;vS,f rpPwm*rfbm&D vmpOfrmS tzGŒJ csKyfwifjycJh wJh -

16

rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ; - Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vH;k v$waf y;a&;/ - zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jyefvnfo;kH oyfa&;aumfrwD zG@J ay;a&;/ - jynfo@l vw $ af wmfac:,la&;/ - awG@qHkaqG;aEG; tajz&Sma&; qdw k mawGukd vrf;!¸et f jzpfc, H +l yD; 29 - 1 -2009 ae@u jynfov l x l u k Ekd ;_d aqmfcw hJ hJ - taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; a':atmif qef;pk=unf/ wdik ;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om; rsm;tm;vH;k vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf wdik ;f oljynfom;tm;vH;k u vdu k yf gaqmif&u G =f uygqw kd hJ vkyif ef;pOftwdik ;f usaemfw@kd tzG@J 0iftm;vH;k u yg0ifaqmif&u G =f uzd@k vykd gw,f? wqufwnf;azmfjy&&if- ,ae@tzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) [m vli,facgi;f aqmif awGe@J aoG;opfavmif;+y;D awmfveS af &;wm0efukd atmifjrifonftxd xrf;aqmifEikd zf @kd twGuf óud;pm;aewJu h mvjzpfygw,f? 'DtajctaerSm rdrw d @kd [m tzG@J csKyf[m igt h wGuq f w kd mrsKd ; r[kwb f J ig[m tzG@J csKyftwGuq f w kd hJ cH,cl suef @J tzGŒJ csKyfwm0efukd xrf;aqmifz@kd vykd gw,f? ig[m tzG@J csKyftwGuq f ykd grS tzG@J csKyf[m wdik ;f jynftusKd ;twGuf o,fy;kd Edik rf mS jzpfw,f? ig[mtzG@J csKyftwGu/f tzG@J csKyf[m wkid ;f jynftwGuq f w kd hJ pdw"f mwfrsKd ;eJ@ jynfov l x l k a&SŒuae tzGŒJ csKyf tzGŒJ 0iftm;vH;k wdu k yf 0JG if=uzd@k wdu k w f eG ;f &if; tzGŒJ csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) zG@J pnf;jcif; 18 ESpjf ynfah e@rmS o0%fvm$ yg;vku d yf gw,f? ppftm%m&Sif pepf æ usq;kH &rnf? 'Dru kd a&pDa&; æ atmif&rnf?

( wifatmif ) OuUÏ trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr) 2009ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (14) &uf? ÐÐÐ

17

ppftyk pf . k 2010 a&G;aumufyt JG m; qefŒusiw f u kd zf su-f u trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf trSwf 97 §c/ taemufa&$*kHwkdifvrf; A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukefòrd@ 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (17)&uf? 1370 ckEpS /f wyk@d wv GJ jynfah usmf (8)&uf? txl;a=unmcsuftrSwf- 2 § 02 § 09 1? EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zHGŒòzd;a&;aumifpDOuUÏ AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;oef;a&$ESifh trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r–; a':atmifqef;pk=unf wk@d awG@qaHk qG; aEG;a&;udpEP iS hf pyfvsO;f I Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zH@G òzd;a&;aumifpu D 2007 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (4) &ufae@wiG f a=unmcsut f rSwf - 1§2007 ukd xkwjf yefcyhJ gonf? ,if; a=unmcsu. f tyk'd f (7) wGif yg&o dS nft h csurf sm;tm; wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D tjyeftvSef jiif;ckaH &; om;ae=urnft h pm; tqk;H tjzwfay;Ekid o f nfh tqkyd gy*k Kd~ vf}uD;ESpOf ;D wk@d onf óudwifI pnf; urf;owfrw S cf surf sm;rxm;bJ uk, d w f idk u f , dk u f s tjrefq;Hk awG@qaHk qG;aEG;/ !SEd id_ ;f =ujcif;onf om wkid ;f jynftwGuf txl;wvnf tusK;d aus;Zl;rsm; ay:ayguv f mEkid &f ef toifah vsmq f ;Hk enf;vrf;jzpfygonf? ok@d a=umifh rnfonfjh y\emrsm;udrk qkd wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D pmay;pm,lðy=u rnft h pm; rsuEf mS csi;f qkid f awG@qaHk qG;aEG; !SEd id_ ;f tajz&Sm=u&efomjzpfygonf? 2? urBmEh idk if t H oD;oD;wGiv f nf; jynfwiG ;f jy\emrsm;udv k nf;aumif;/ Ekid if t H csi;f csi;f jy\emrsm;udk vnf;aumif;/ tay;t,lðyvky=f uI awG@qaHk qG;aEG;=ujcif;rSm urBm&h mG (globalization) acwfwGif EkdifiHwum usifhpOfjzpfaeyg+yD? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfuvnf; óuw d ifpnf;urf;owfrw S cf surf sm;rxm;bJ wkid ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l x l t k usK;d twGuf awG@qaHk qG; aEG; !SEd id_ ;f tajz&Sm=u&ef tpOfwpku d f óud;yrf;tm;xkwv f su&f ydS gonf? tm%mykid w f @dk uvnf; awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;twGuf tpOft+rJ wHcg;zGifhxm;onf[k ajym=um;jcif;udk trsKd;om;'Drkd ua&pDtzJ@G csKyfu óudqydk gonf? “tpOft+rJ wHcg;zGix hf m;onf” [lonfEiS t hf nD awG@qaHk qG; aEG;=u+yD; jy\emrsm;ajz&Si;f =u&ef txl;vkt d yfygonf?

18

rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ; 3? a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;udpEP iS hf pyfvsO;f I jrefrmjynfol vlxt k wGuf tusK;d ðyrnfh &v'faumif;rsm;&zk@d qv dk sif jyifomajymif;ompGmjzifh awG@qaHk qG;aEG; rnf[k 2002 ckEpS /f arv (6) &ufae@wiG f vlo&d iS =f um; oabmxm;xkwjf yefc+hJ yD; jzpfygonf? 4? Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zH@G òzd;a&;aumifp. D a=unmcsut f rSw-f 1§2007 f ek ;f a&; (utter . tyk'd f (7) wGif yg&adS om xdyw f u dk &f ifqidk af &; (confrontation)/ tvk;H pkyH suo devastation)/ pD;yGm;a&;tquftoG,jf zwfawmufa&;/ tvk;H pky Hw d q f @dk a&;wk@d onf wkid ;f jynfEiS hf jynfov l x l t k wGuf tusK;d ðyjcif;r&Syd g? xk@d a=umifh ,if;udp&P yfrsm; rjzpfay:&atmif ESpOf ;D ESpf buf yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G =f u&efEiS hf oabmwlncD surf sm;udv k nf; ESpOf ;D ESpb f uf twlwuG a=u nmcsux f w k jf yef=u&ef toif&h adS =umif; a':atmifqef;pk=unfu qufqaH &;0ef}uD; OD;atmif =unf rSwqifh tm%mykid w f @dk xH today;cJ+h yD;jzpfygonf? ok@d ygojzifh ,if;udp&P yfrsm;udk tqk;H tjzwfay;Ekid =f urnfh yk*Kd~ vf}uD;ESpOf ;D wk@d onf vufawG@usus rv$rJ aoG awG@qaHk qG;aEG;=uyg&ef trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf u pdwaf pwemaumif;rGepf mG jzifw h u dk w f eG ;f a=umif; xyfrI H tav; teuf a=unmvku d yf gonf? 5? tjcm;udp&P yfwpfcrk mS qufqaH &;0ef}uD; OD;atmif=unfudk a':atmifqef;pk=unf taejzifh 2008 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (2) &ufae@wiG f awG@q&Hk ef jiif;y,fcjhJ cif;r[kwyf g? rawG@Eidk f ao;jcif;omjzpfygonf? awG@q=Hk uvsiv f nf; wkid ;f jynfEiS v hf rl sK;d twGuf &v'faumif;rsm; &zk@d om t"dujzpfygonf? 6? ukvor*~ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r–;csKyf. t}uaH y;t&m&Sd rpPwmtDA&m[if*rfbm&D ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmiftzJ@G w@dk 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2) &ufae@wiG f awG@q&Hk mY 'Dru dk a&pDEiS v hf @l tcGit hf a&;rsm; &&S&d ef óud;yrf;tm;xkwo f rl sm;udk w&m;pJq G &dk mY tusK;d aqmifa&SŒaejzifh ckcaH csycGirhf &jcif;/ w&m;ppfaq;onfh ±k;H cef;xJo@dk a&SŒae rsm;udk 0ifcGifhrðyjcif;/ ESpf&Snfvrsm; jypf'%frsm;uscHapjcif;/ t,lcHr_rsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD qk;H jzwfr_ r&Sjd cif;wk@d onf w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d r_ r&Sjd cif;udk ay:vGiaf pa=umif; ajym=um;cJyh gonf? Tok@d ajym=um;jcif;rSm tm%mydik w f @dk . Edik if aH &;OD;wnfcsuw f iG f yg0ifaom “w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;” udk tav;teufxm;jcif; jzpfygonf?

19

tm%m±l;ppftpd;k &. &ufpuf,w k rf mr+rsm;tm; &J0phH mG azmfxw k -f u? 7? wzef ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r–;csKyf. t}uHay;t&m&SEd iS hf awG@q&Hk mwGif t+rJaqG;aEG;onfh tcsurf mS rdrw d idk ;f jynfwiG f pD;yGm;a&;zH@G òzd;wk;d wufap&eftwGuf jzpfygonf? TudpEP iS yhf wfoufI tzJ@G csKyf. uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;u jyefvnfaqG;aEG;cJo h nfrmS pD;yGm;a&;zH@G òzd; wk;d wufa&; vky&f onft h a=umif;&if;ESihf rnfo@dk rnfyHk vkyrf mS vJqo kd nfh tcsut f vufrsm;udk rod&ao;I raqG;aEG;Ekid af o;a=umif;wk@d jzpfygonf? 8? xk@d tjyif ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r–;csKyfu 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (5) &ufae@wiG f Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zH@G òzd;a&;aumifp/D trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf ESihf 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pkrsm;onf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ESihf t"dyg` ,jf ynf0h aom awG@qHk aqG;aEG;a&;ok@d OD;wnfI óudwifpnf;urf;owfrw S cf surf sm;rxm;bJ aqG;aEG;=u&ef a=unm csuf xkwjf yefcyhJ gonf? 9? tqkyd gxw k jf yefcsuu f kd trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om óudqydk g onf? ok@d aomf TtcsuEf iS phf yfvsO;f I trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfu olremuk, d rf em vrf; pOfjzifh tav#mt h wif;vkyI f awG@qaHk qG;aEG;=u&ef t+rJwap óud;yrf;vsu&f adS omfvnf; Ekid if H awmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf @GH òzd;a&;aumifpD u awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;jzpfajrmufatmif ,ae@widk f taumiftxnfazmfay;jcif; r&Sad o;onfudk awG@&ygonf?

16/ 2/ 2009 wGif usif;yaom A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzJGŒ. tpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsuft& A[kdtvkyftr_aqmiftzJG@ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf &efukefòrd‹ ÐÐÐ

20

xGuaf ygufurkd &SmbJ azmufxu G -f u ?

jynfaxmifpkae‹tcrf;tem;ESifhtwl a':atmifqef;pk-unf tygt0if EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; vGwfajrmufa&; vufrSwfa&;xdk; v+yf&Sm;r+ jynfwGif;/ jynfy ae&mtESH‹usif;y

tzGJŒcsKyf±Hk; 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (12)&ufae@ u (62)ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@ tcrf;t em;ukd &efuek òf rd@ a&$*w Hk idk v f rf;&Sd trsK;d om;'D rku d a&pDtzJŒG csKyf±;Hk rSm usi;f ycJyh gw,f? EkdifiHawmftvH eJ@ usqkH;oGm;aom tmZmenfacgif;aqmif}uD;rsm;ukd tav;ðy +yD;aemuf 'Drkdua&pDta&;awmfykH tquf quf usqkH;cJhwJh &[ef;&Sifvl/ ausmif;om; jynfoal wGtwGuf 0rf;enf;wJt h xdr;f trSwf wrdepf+idro f uf tav;ðy=uygw,f? tcrf;tem;udk 0g&ifh Ekid if aH &;vkyaf zmf ukid zf ufawG/ jynfo@l vw G af wmfu, dk pf m;ðyaumf rwD0ifawG/ Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG/ wkid ;f eJ@ jynfe,f toD;oD;u tzJ@G csKyt f zJ@G 0ifawG/ owif;axmuf awG/ tar&duef/ +Adwed /f tDwvD/ *smr%D pwJh Edik if aH wGu oHtrwfawGe@J {nfo h nfawmfawG

pkpak ygi;f 800 ausmf wufa&mufcyhJ gw,f? tcrf;tem; obmywdu rde@f ceG ;f ajym =um;&mrSm “1947 ckepS rf mS trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif/ wyfrawmfzcif/ vGwv f yfa&;Adou k m AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ wkdif;&if;om;acgif; aqmifawG &Sr;f jynfe,f yifvòHk rd@rmS yifvpHk m csKyf csKyfq+dk yD; trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf _ &cJh ayr,fh tcktcg trsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nD!w G rf _ òyduaGJ ea=umif;/ jynfaxmifpw k nfwchH idk +f rJa&; twGuf trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; wnf aqmufEidk zf @dk aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm=uzk@d t"duvkd tyfcsufjzpfwma=umifh aqG;aEG;tajz&Smzkd@ wku d w f eG ;f a=umif;” ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? obmywdred @f ceG ;f t+yD;rSm trsK;d om;'Drdk ua&pDtzJ@G csKyf&ŒJ 62 ESpjf ynfh jynfaxmifpak e@ a=unmcsuu f kd xkwjf yefc+hJ yD; Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vk;H tjrefq;Hk ¹cGi;f csurf &Sd jyefvw G f ay;a&; vufrw S af &;xd;k awmif;qkd v_y&f mS ;r_ udk pwifcyhJ gw,f? tcrf;tem;ukd tm%mykid af wG apmifh =unfhaewmuvJGvkd@ taESmifht,Sufr&Sd usi;f yEkid cf w hJ ,fv@kd trsK;d om; 'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf wm0ef&o dS al wGu ajymygw,f? (at;Ekdif /

DVB )

21

ppftm%m&Sipf epf usq;kH a&;twGuf pnf;vH;k -u/ nD!w G -f u/ xºuG-u?

wGHaw; / om,m0wD

awmif;qkx d w k jf yefa=unmcJw h hJ a=unmcsuf awGeJ@+yD;cJhwJh Zefe0g&Dv (29) &ufae@u trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGŒcsKyf tpnf;ta0; qkH;jzwfcsufuae tcsuf (7) csufyg xkwf jyefawmif;qkdxm;wJh pm&Gufpmwrf;awGudk jynfoal wGt=um; ykrd o dk &d v dS mzk@d jzef@a0&Si;f jy wmawGe@J ywfouf+yD;awmhvnf; udak Zmfrif; xGef;ukd tm%mykdifawGuae+yD; azazmf0g&D (17 )&ufae@ reufyidk ;f rSm vma&mufar;jref;r_ awG&cdS w hJ ,fv@dk qufajymygw,f? EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG ¹cGif;csufr&Sd tjrefqkH;jyefv$wfay;zdk@ xkwfjyefawmif;qkd xm;wJh a=unmcsuaf wGuakd wmh a'ocHjynf olawGt=um; ykdrkdod&SdvmEkdifatmif quf vufjzef@a0oGm;rSmjzpfovkd Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;awG vGwfajrmufzkd@ vufrSwfa&;xkd; awmif;qkw d hJ v_y&f mS ;r_uv dk nf; qufvufvyk f aqmifomG ;rSmjzpfayrJh tzJ@G 0ifawG&ŒJ vkòH cHa&; twGuf pk;d &draf e&w,fv@dk ajymygw,f? wHaG w;òrŒd e,fuae Ekid if aH &; tusO;f om; tm;vk;H vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf vufrw S af &; xkd;awmif;qkdwJh v_yf&Sm;r_rSm yl;aygif; yg0if vufrw S af &;xk;d =uol OD;a& (200) ausmf &&Sd oGm;+yDv@dk vnf; od&ygw,f?

zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHxm;&wJh OD;wifO;D eJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if EkdifiHa&;t usOf;om;tm;vkH; vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf vufrw S af &;xd;k awmif;qkw d hJ v_y&f mS ;r_awGudk wHaG w;òrŒd e,f trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf òrŒd e,fpnf;tzJ@G 0ifawGe@J vli,ftzJ@G 0ifawG yl; aygi;f +yD; azazmf0g&v D (14)&ufae@u pwif aqmif&GufcJh=uygw,f? tJ'Dvkd yl;aygif;vkyf aqmifae&mrSm oufqkdif&mtm%mykdifawG u +cdr;f ajcmufwm/ apmif=h unfw h mawG &Sad e ovk/d ac:,lar;jref;wmawGvnf; &Sad ew,f vk@d od&ygw,f? azazmf0g&Dv (17)&ufae@up+yD; wHG aw;òrŒd e,f/ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf tzJŒG 0if v l i ,f a wG oG m ;vmv_ y f & S m ;ae&mrS m tm%mykid af wGu vku d v f aH r;jref;wmawG &Sd aeovkd tzJ@G 0ifawGe@J ywfoufwhJ aetdraf wG ukv d nf; 0ifa&mufar;jref; +cdr;f ajcmufajymqkd aew,fvkd@ òrd@e,fpnf;tzJG@0ifwOD;u tm tufzfatukd ajymygw,f?'ghtjyif wHGaw; òrd@e,f trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf òrd@e,f pnf;tzJG@0ifawG&JŒ aetdrfteD;w0kdufrSm vnf; vkòH cHa&;awG wk;d jr‡ichf sxm;vku d +f yD; rsuf (RFA / 18 = 2 = 09 ) ajcrjywf apmif=h unhw f mawG &Sad ew,fv@dk òrdŒ e,fpnf;tzJ@G 0if wJb G uftwGi;f a&;r–; udak Zmf yJcl;wkdif;taemufzufjcrf; rif;xGe;f u ajymygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unf tygt0if Ekid if H yJc;l wkid ;f taemufzufjcrf; om,m0wD a&;v_y&f mS ;r_a=umifh rw&m;tusO;f uscaH e& c±kid f &Spòf rd@e,frmS vnf; tvm;wlyJ Ekid if aH &; olawGukd tjrefq;Hk jyefvw $ af y;zd@k trsK;d om; tusO;f om;awGukd v$waf y;zk@d vufrw S x f ;dk 'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfe@J Ekid if aH &;ygw(D 7) ckuae+yD; awmif;qkdwJh v_yf&Sm;r_ukd azazmf0g&Dv 15

22

rSeu f efwhJ OD;aqmifre+ ‹J vlxu k kd OD;aqmif = etz 2010 ud±k u kd cf sKd ; &uf c±kid t f pnf;ta0;uae qk;H jzwf+yD; pwif vkyaf qmifae+yDjzpfa=umif; om,m0wDc±kid f rSm&Sw d hJ trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf wm0ef&dS olawGu ajymqkyd gw,f? om,m0wDc±kid t f wGif;&Sdòrd@awGuawmh om,m0wD/ okH;q,f/ rk;d !d/k vufyefwef;/ tkwzf /dk óudŒyifaumuf/ ZD;uke;f / ewWvif;wk@d jzpfygw,f? (RFA / 18 = 2 = 09 )

u0òrdŒ e,f tcrf;tem;ukd ausmif;wku d af us;&GmrSm usif;yygw,f? tzJ@G csKy0f if OD;atmifoed ;f &JŒtdrrf mS ðyvkyf wJh tcrf;tem;rSm tzJ@G csKyf u0òrdŒe,f OuUÏ OD;wifhvGifu vuf&SdEkdifiHa&;tajctaeukd aqG;aEG;+yD; jynfolŒv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;!Ge@f aqG u jynfaxmifpak e@e@J ywfoufwhJ ta=umif;awGudk aqG;aEG;a[m=um;w,fv@dk òrdŒe,ftzJ@G csKyf pnf;±k;H a&;tzJŒG 0if udrk sK;d cdik u f ajymygw,f? “vuf&EdS idk if aH &;tajctaerSm usaemf wk@d teft,fv'f AD [ku d vuf&adS wmif;qkx d m; wJh tcsu}f uD; (4) csuaf ygah emf/ tcsu}f uD; (4)csut f aetxm;rSm odomxif&mS ;wJh tajc taewckc&k rdS ,fq&dk if ukvor*~ taxGaxG twGi;f a&;r–;csKyf befurD eG ;f taeeJ@ vmxku d f w,fqw dk mukd tzJŒG csKyfA[kt d vkyt f r_aqmif awGu ajym=um;w,fqw dk mudk aqG;aEG;ajym =um;ygw,f? jynfaxmifpkae@jzpfay:vmykHeJ@ yif v k H n D v mcH u pwJ h jynf a xmif p k a e@t a=umif;ukd aqG;aEG;ajym=um;ygw,f?”

rEWav; (62)ESpaf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@ tcrf; tem;udk tzJG@csKyfrE Wav;wkdif;rSm 'Dreuf usi;f y&mrSm oydwu f si;f / pOfu h ;l / rwW&m/ jyif OD;vGif/ tr&yl&/ jrpfom;/ rdwˆDvm pwJh14 òrd@e,fu tzJ@G csKyf0ifawG wufa&mufygw,f? obmywdtzJ@G csKyf rE aW v;wkid ;f 'kOuUÏ OD;ode;f Ekid /f tcrf;tem;r–; rE aW v; taemuf ajrmufòrŒd e,f jynfoŒl v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f OD;wifatmif wk@d u tcrf;tem;ukd OD;aqmif ygw,f? tcrf;tem;t+yD;rSm vGecf w hJ hJ &ufyidk ;f twGi;f csr;f jrompnfòrdŒe,f rD;avmifrr_ mS rD; ab;oifw h hJ tzJŒG csKyf0ifawGukd tzJŒG csKyfwm0ef &Sd vl}uD;awGu oGm;a&muftm;ay;w,fv@dk tzJŒG csKyf0ifwOD;u ajymygw,f? jynf a xmif p k a e@a=unmpmwrf ; yg qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; 1? ,k=H unfcsuaf =umifh zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHae&aom tzJŒG csKyf'Ok uUÏ OD;wifO;D / taxG axGtwGi;f a&;r–; a':atmifqef;pk=unf/ &Sr;f trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif cGex f eG ;f OD;/ ausmif;om; acgif;aqmif rif;ukdEkdiftygt0if/ tusOf; axmiftoD;oD;wGif zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm; aom Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;tm;vk;H ukd ¹ciG ;f csuf r&Sd tjrefq;Hk v$waf y;&ef? 2? tzJG@csKyfrS xkwfjyefa=unmxm; aom/ a=unmcsuftrSwf 1§01§09 udk axmufcHóudqkda=umif; a=unmcsuftrSwf 2§01§09 t& jynfov l x l rk S yl;aygi;f yg0if aqmif&Gufvma&;udk qufvuftaumif

23 ÐÐÐ

'Dru kd a&pDpepfqw kd m vlwikd ;f wa,mufe‹J wa,muf av;pm;wJph epfygyJ? txnfazmf=u&ef? 3? ,ae@tajctaewGif urBmhEkdifiH toD;oD; +idr;f csr;f a&;/ twl,OS w f aGJ exkid af &; paom/ jyef v nf o if h j rwf a &;vrf ; pOf e J @ / taumiftxnfazmfae=uovkd/ jrefrmEkdif iHwiG v f nf; trsK;d om;tcsi;f csi;f jyefvnfoifh jrwfa&;udk/ tjrefqkH; taumiftxnfazmf &eftwGuf Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zHG@òzd;a&;aumifpD/ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@ csKyfw@dk tjrefq;Hk awG@q! Hk EdS id_ ;f =u&ef?

awGawmhygwmayg?h A[d&k ŒJ &yfwnfcsuaf v; &yfav/ tJ'h t D wdik ;f yJ qufvufaxmufc&H yf wnfoGm;zdk@yg? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk; vGwaf jrmufa&;av/ v$waf y;a&;ayg?h awGŒqHk aqG;aEG;a&;/ 90 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyJG todt rSwðf ya&;aygah emf/ aemuf v$waf wmfac:,lay; a&;/ 'Dav;csuyf gy?J ”

weoFm&Dwdkif;

weoFm&Dwikd ;f &Sd xm;0,fòrdŒ/ +rdwòf rdŒeJ@ aumhaomif;òrdŒtjyif jrefrmjynft&yf&yf a&eHacsmif;òrdŒ (rauG;wkdif;) rSm&Sw d hJ òrdŒ}uD;awGu tzG@J csKyf ygw0D ifawGu tzJ@G csKyfa&eHacsmif;rSmvnf; jynfaxmif vnf; 62 }udraf jrmuf jynfaxmifpak e@ tcrf; pkae@tcrf;tem; usi;f ycJyh gw,f? tm%mykid f tem;awGukd oufqikd &f m òrdŒe,fpnf;±H;k a&; awGu apmifh=unfhcJh=uw,fvkd@ tzJG@csKyf0if aumfrwD0ifawGu OD;pD;+y;D usi;f ycJ=h uygw,f? awGu ajymygw,f?

jrif;_cHòrdŒ jrif;+cHòrdŒrSm usi;f ywJh jynfaxmifpak e@ tcrf;tem;udk jrif;+cHòrdŒ NLD tzGJŒ0if OD;armifarmif0if; &JŒaetdrf +cH0if;xJrmS usi;f y cJyh gw,f? tcrf;tem;rSm òrdŒe,f NLD tzGŒJ &JŒ o0%fvm$ udk zwf=um;+yD; a[majymyGw J ck vnf; usi;f ycJyh gw,f? 'Dtcrf;tem;rSm jrif; +cHòrdŒe,f trSwf (1) rJqENe,fajr v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f OD;aygcif u tckvakd jymygw,f? “txl;tm;jzifah wmh u|eaf wmfw@kd pm a&;q&m}uD;awGav/ uAsmq&m}uD;awG OD;=unfatmife@J (udak v;) tif;0*k%&f nf wd@k / olw@kd EpS Of ;D &JŒ a[majymyGaJ v;ygygw,f? tcrf; tem;oufoufygy?J aemuf awmif;qdck suf

24

_Adwdef

+Aw d ed Ef ikd if H vef'efòrŒd rSm jynfaxmifpak e@ txdr;f trSwt f jzpf jrefrmh'rD u dk a&pDtiftm; pkawGu etzoH±kH;a&SŒukd csDwufqENjycJh=u ygw,f? jrefrmppftpk;d &&JŒ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ udk qef@usiu f ef@uu G w f mtygt0if awmif; qkcd suaf wGe@J qENjy=uw,fv@dk trsK;d om;'Drdk

vmrnfah b; ajy;awGŒ ua&pDtzJ@G csKyfvw G af jrmufe,fajr (,lau) tzJŒG 0if udrk if;[de;f u ajymygw,f? “t"duawmif;qkdwmuawmh 2010 ukd oabmrwlbl;/ 1990 a&G;aumufyJGudk todtrSwfðyzdk@/ EkdifiHa&; tusOf;om;awG tm;vk;H v$waf y;zk@d awmif;qdw k myg?” jrefrmppftpk;d &&JŒ 2010 a&G;aumufyGJ udk ±_wcf sxm;wJh +Adwed t f pk;d &eJ@ jrefrmhta&; ukvor*~vòHk cHa&;aumifpx D H wifjya&; óud; yrf;cJw h hJ csut f pk;d &wk@d ukd jrefrmh'rD u dk a&pDt a&; qufvufaxmufcaH &;twGuf awmif; qkw d t hJ aeeJ@ +Aw d ed Ef idk if jH cm;a&;0ef}u;D ±k;H eJ@ csuf jynfoŒl orRwEkid if H oH±;Hk wk@d uv kd nf; csw D uf qENjyw,fvkd@ajymygw,f?

ajrmufe,fajr (rav;&Sm;XmecJG) u jynf axmifpkae@tcrf;tem;udk uGmvrfvmylòrdŒ

w±kwfwef;&Sdcef;rrSm usif;yw,fvkd@ XmecJG OuUÏ OD;ausmaf usmu f ajymygw,f?

*syef

tdENd, tdE, dN Ekid if H e,l;a'vDrmS jynfaxmifpk ae@tcrf;tem;ukd jrefrmh'rD u dk a&pD tiftm; pkawGu usi;f ycJyh gw,f? e,l;a'vDòrŒd r[m&m*smcef;rrSm tcrf; tem;usi;f y&mrSm &ckid /f jrefrm/ csi;f / ulu;D / ucsif pwJw h ikd ;f &if;om;awGu ±k;d &m0wfpaHk wG 0wfqif+yD; wufa&muf=uygw,f? jynfaxmifpak e@jzpfay:vmykH a[majym wm/ uav;yef;csq D k cs;D jr‡iw hf m pwJh tpDtpOf awGyg0ifwhJ 'Dtcrf;tem;ukd e,l;a'vDrmS &Sd wJh wkid ;f &if;om;awG pkpak ygi;f 500 avmuf wufa&mufygw,f?

*syefEidk if w H iG f jynfaxmifpak e@ tcrf;t em; rsm;ESihf a':atmifqef;pk=unfEiS hf Ekid if aH &; tusOf;om;rsm;vGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ qENjyyJGrsm;ukd azazmf0g&Dv (8)&ufae@ESifh (12) &ufae@rsm;wGif usi;f ycJ=h uonf? 2009 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (8)&ufae@u *syefEidk if w H u dk sKòd rd@wiG f (62) ESpaf jrmuf jynf jynfaxmifpak e@tcrf;tem;udk nD!w G af om uGmvrfvmylòrdŒ (rav;&Sm;EkdifiH) trsKd ; om;'D r k d u a&pD t zJ G @ csKyf vG w f wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tzJG@tpnf; (*syef)rS OD;pD;

25

a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifO;D ESihf Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; csucf si;f v$w?f usif;ycJh&m trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfvGwaf jrmufe,fajr (*syefXmecJ)G rS yl;aygi;f yg 0ifco hJ nf? tcrf;tem;ukd ae@vnf (1)em&DrS (7) em&Dtxd usif;ycJh&m tcrf;tem;okd@ txl ; {nf h o nf a wmf wk d i f ; &if ; om;acgif ; aqmif}uD;rsm;/ *syefEikd if w H iG f &Sad omwkid ;f &if; om;nDtudak rmifErS rsm;/ Ekid if aH &;tzJ@G tpnf; toD;oD;rS {nfhonfawmfrsm; pkHnDpGmwuf a&mufcJh=uonf? vl x k a cgif ; aqmif a':atmif q ef ; pk =unf/ OD;wifOD;/ OD;cGefxGef;OD;/ 88 rsdK;quf

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;t usO;f om;rsm;tm;vH;k c|i;f csurf &Sd tjrefq;kH vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf 12-2-2009/ =um omyaw;ae@ (62 ESpfajrmufjynfaxmifpk ae@) nae 3;00 em&DrS 4;00 em&D tcsed w f iG f *syeftpd;k &rS xda&mufonfh ulnv D yk af qmif r_rsm; ðyvkyv f m&eftwGuf *syefEidk if aH &muf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;rS *syefEkdifiH jcm;a&;±H;k a&SŒY qENjyawmif;qdck yhJ gonf? ÐÐÐ

trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD 'kOuUX OD;wifOD; tus,fcsKyfoufwrf; xyfwkd; jrefrmEkid if rH mS zrf;qD;cHxm;&wJh Ekid if aH &; tusO;f om;awGukd jyefvw $ af y;zk@d r=umcifu ukvor*~u awmif;qkdxm;wJh=um;u jref rmEkid if t H rsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf&ŒJ 'kOuUÏ OD;wifO;D tay: aetdrt f us,cf sKyfudk ppftpk;d &u rae@u oufwrf;wpfEpS f xyfw;dk vku d f w,fv@dk od&ygw,f? OD;wifO;D udk aetdrt f us,cf sKyf wpfEpS f xyfw;dk vku d af =umif; trnfrazmfvw dk hJ tpk;d & t&m&SdwOD;u xkwfazmfajymvkduf+yD;/ 'Dvkd aetd r f t us,f c sKyf wpf E S p f x yf w k d ; wJ h t a=umif;ajymzk@d OD;wifO;D &JŒ aetdru f dk &JawGe@J jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;Xmeu t&m&SdawG vm a&muf=uwmukd awG@&w,fv@k d trnfrazmf

26

tmtufzaf t (14/ 02/ 09) vkdwJh tdrfeD;csif;wa,mufuvnf; ajymyg w,f? touf 82 ESp&f +dS yDjzpfwhJ 'kw, d OuUÏ OD;wifO;D [m 2003 ckEpS /f arvrSm a':atmif qef;pk=unfe@J twl zrf;qD;cHc&hJ ygw,f? 'DyJ,if;òrdŒe,frSm EkdifiHa&;c&D;pOfwck vSnfhvnfaewkef; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGŒ csKyf&ŒJ um;wef;ukd ppftpk;d &ukd axmufcw H hJ tkyfpku wkdufckdufcJh+yD;aemufrSm OD;wifOD;eJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwkd@ ppftpkd;& zrf;qD; wmudk cHc&hJ ygw,f? ÐÐÐ

rif;udEk idk f tygt0if tusO;f uscH ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csucf si;f v$w?f

okH;yGifhqkdif awG‹qkHaqG;aEG;yg[k ppftpkd;&ukd ,ltefat awmif;qkd trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&;twGuf ok;H yGiq hf idk af wGŒqkaH qG;aEG;a&;vkyzf @dk pnf;vk;H nD !Gwaf om wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; r[mrdwf tzJŒG (,ltefat)u etz ppftpk;d &udk awmif; qkdvkdufygw,f? ppftpk;d & 1990 jynfh a&G;aumufyt GJ Ekid &f ygwD trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfe@J wkid ;f &if;om;tzJ@G tpnf;awG yg0ifr,fh ok;H yGiq hf idk f awG@qaHk qG;aEG;a&;enf;om taumif;qk;H yJv@dk axmufjyawmif;qkx d m;w,fv@dk ,ltefat

tzJ@G 0if &ckid 'f rD u dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmifaumfrwD0if OD;tke;f wifu ajym=um; ygw,f? pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfaom wkdif;&if;om;vl rsK;d pkrsm; r[mrdwt f zJ@G (,ltefat) udk 2002 ckEpS rf mS wkid ;f &if;om;ygwD 12 cke@J zJ@G pnf;wnf axmifcJhygw,f? eef;crf;ua,muf/ ( 'DADGbD? ?12/ 2/ 2009 )

ÐÐÐ

*rfbm&D &J‹ jrefrmc&D;pOf ukvqkdif&m jyifopfoHtrwf}uD; pdwfysuf (RFA 21/ 2/ 2009) ukvor*~vkHòcHa&;aumifpDrSm txl; uk, d pf m;vS,f rpPwm *rfbm&D&‹J jrefrmc&D;pOf udpP =um;em+yD; tcef;jyifxu G v f mwJh jyifopf oHtrwf}uD; rpPwm&Dy&J f u ol@taeeJ@ pdwf ysufrda=umif; owif;axmufawGukd ajym =um;cJhygw,f? rpPwm *rfbm&D&J‹ tpD&ifcHpmxJu ta=umif;tcsuftvufawG[m tawmf av;udk pdwyf supf &mawGygy?J ol@twGuf uk okdvfuHqkd;ygw,f? ol@taeeJ@ AkdvfcsKyf}uD; oef;a&$e@J vnf; rawG@c&hJ ygb;l ? a':atmifqef; pk=unfuadk wG@c&hJ w,fqw dk muawmhreS yf gw,f? 'gvnf; rajymyavmufwt hJ csuyf g? 'gh tjyif ol@taeeJ@ ppftpk;d &qDu ta&;}uD;wJh yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif; vrf;zGiahf y;+yD; awG@qaHk qG;aEG;

r,fqw dk hJ t&dyv f uQ%m tcsut f vufawG bmwckrS r&&SdcJhygbl;/ Oyrm ppftpkd;&u wckck uwday;vku d w f mrsK;d wk@d Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;wcsKd@udk jyefv$wfay;vkduf+yDqkdwmwkd@ bmwckrS &&Srd vmcJb h ;l vk@d ukvor*~qikd &f m jyifopfot H rwf}u;D u owif;axmufawGukd ajymoGm;ygw,f? 'gt h jyif jyifopfot H rwf}u;D u ppftpk;d &&J@ zJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'[m buf aygi;f pku H yg0ifa&;qJrG r_ &So d I 'D[mukd tajc cH+yD; usi;f yr,fh a&G;aumufyu GJ dk tm;vk;H u vufcEH idk rf mS r[kwb f ;l qkw d mudyk g xnfo h iG ;f ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f? ÐÐÐ

27

jynfwiG ;f jynfy trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf . Ekid if aH &;tusOf;om;rsm; vGwaf jrmufa&; vufrw S af &;xd;k v+y&f mS ;r+ "mwfyrkH w S w f rf;

P.O Box - 34 , Mae Sot, TAK 63110, Thailand Email : [email protected]