Review Questions Pg. 242

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 1/28/09

Review Questions pg. 242 1. Reading Focus a. What Industrial power emerged in the 1800s? i. Belgium, Germany, France, and United States emerged in the 1800s as industrial powers. These countries had more abundant supplies of coal, iron, and other resources than did Britain. Also, these countries had the advantage to follow Britain’s lead. But the two main countries that particularly thrust their way into industrial leadership were Germany and United States. Germany It soon became Europe’s leading industrial power. The United States advanced even more rapidly, especially after the Civil War. By 1900, America led the world in production. b. What impact did new technology have on industry, transportation, and communication? i. The automotive age, conquest of air, and rapid communication took place in the Industrial Revolution. The Transportation Revolution took a new turn when a gasoline powered internal combustion engine was created. This was the start of the first automobile. Henry Ford started using the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S a leader in the automotive industry. The Dream of Human Flight was made possible by the invention of the internal combustion engine. The telegraph was invented, helping make communication faster. The telegraph would send coded messages over wires by means of electricity. Soon, the telephone was invented, and the radio followed. c. How did big business emerge in the late 1800s? i. Large scale companies needed so much capital that they sold hundreds of thousands of shares. These businesses formed giant corporations. With large amounts of capital, corporations could expand into many areas. 2. Identify a. Bessemer Process i. A process developed by Henry Bessemer. This process purified ore and produced a new substance, steel. Steel was lighter, harder, and more durable that iron. Other improved on this process. b. Alfred Nobel i. A Swedish chemist and the inventor of dynamite. Dynamite was an explosive much safer than others used at the time. It was widely used in construction and war. The Nobel peace prize was named after him. c. Michael Faraday i. An English chemist and creator of the first simple electric motor. He also created the first dynamo, which is a machine that generates

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 1/28/09

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electricity. Today, all electric generators and transformers work on the principle of Faraday’s dynamo. Thomas Edison i. An American Inventor and inventor of the first electric light bulb. Soon, his lamps lit the whole city with lights. The pace of city life quickened, and factories could continue to operate after dark. Henry Ford i. The American that started making models of automobiles that reached a breathtaking 25 mph. Henry Ford started using the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S a leader in the automotive industry. Orville and Wilbur Wright i. Two American bicycle makers. They designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Although their flying machines stayed in the air for only a few seconds, it ushered in the air age. Guglielmo i. The Italian pioneer. He invented the radio. In 1901, he transmitted a radio message from Britain to Canada, using Morse’s dot-and-dash code. Radio would become a cornerstone of today’s global communications network that links every corner of the world. Alfred Krupp i. He inherited a steel-making business form his father. HE bought up coal and iron mines as well as well as ore-shipped lines that fed the steel business. Later, he and his son acquired plants that made tools, railroad cars, and weapons.

3. Define a. Dynamo i. A machine that generates electricity b. Interchangeable parts i. Identical components that could be use in place of one another c. Assembly line i. Workers on an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next. d. Stock i. Shares in the companies e. Corporation i. Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of a stock f. Cartel i. An association to fix prices