Review Questions Pg. 157

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 12/2/08

Review Questions pg. 157 1. Identify a. Act of Union i. Merged England and Scotland together. The Act of Union joined the two countries in the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The United Kingdom also included Wales. The union brought economic advantages to both lands. Free trade between the two created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers. Many Scots, however, resented the union. b. Tories i. 1 of the 2 political parties that emerged in England in the late 1600s. Tories were generally landed aristocrats who sought to preserve older traditions. They supported broad royal powers and a dominant Anglican Church. c. Whigs i. 1 of the 2 political parties that emerged in England in the late 1600s. They backed the policies of the Glorious Revolution. They were more likely to reflect urban business interests, support religious toleration, and favor Parliament over the crown. d. Robert Walpole i. Whig leader from 1721 to 1742. He molded the cabinet into a unified body, requiring all members to agree on major issues. He is often called Britain’s first prime minister. e. George III i. Reigned for 60 years and was born in England. He spoke English and loved Britain. He wanted to end Whig domination, choose his own ministers, dissolve the cabinet system, and make Parliament follow his will. 2. Define a. Constitutional government i. A government whose power is defined and limited by law b. Cabinet i. Parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room, or “cabinet” c. Prime Minister i. The head of the cabinet d. Oligarchy i. A government in which the ruling power belongs to a few people 3. Explain how each of the following contributed to Britain’s rise to global power a. Success in war i. Each victory brought back valuable rewards. Many treaties that ended wars resulted in Britain gaining a large sum of large, thus,

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 12/2/08

increasing Britain’s territory. Also, it monopolized the slave trade, bringing enormous wealth to British merchants. b. Attitudes toward business and commerce i. It put fewer restrictions on trade which offered a more favorable climate to business and commerce. Also, some people engaged in business activities. 4. How did the British cabinet and office of prime minister develop? a. George I, the ruler at the time, spoke no English and relied on leaders in Parliament to help him rule. Under George I and his son George II, a handful of parliament advisers set policy. They were called the cabinet. 5. What goals did George III have when he became king? a. He wanted to end Whig domination, choose his own ministers, dissolve the cabinet system, and make Parliament follow his will.