Review Questions Pg. 161

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 12/4/08

Review Questions pg. 161 1. Identify a. Navigation Acts i. Passed in the 1600s by Parliament. It regulated colonial trade and manufacturing. For the most part, these acts were not rigorously enforced. b. Continental Congress i. The legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation. George Washington and John Adams were members of the Continental Congress. It also established the continental army. c. George Washington i. The Virginia Planter and soldier. He was the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution He held the ragged army together especially at Valley Forge. He was to become the 1st president of the United States. He forced the surrender of the British army at Yorktown, which crumbled Britain’s war effort. d. Battle of Saratoga i. The battle that created a turning point in the war when the Americans triumphed over the British. This victory persuaded France to join the Americans against its old rival. The alliance brought the Americans desperately needed supplies. e. Treaty of Paris of 1783 i. The treaty which ended the American Revolution claiming America as the victor of the war. In that treaty, Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America. It also accepted the new nation’s western frontier as the Mississippi River. f. Bill of Rights i. A statement of fundamental rights and privileges and the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. It recognized that people had basic rights and that the government must protect those rights. These rights included the freedom of religion, speech, and the press, as well as the right to trial by jury and to private property. 2. Define a. Popular Sovereignty i. All government power comes from the people b. Loyalists i. People who supported Britain c. Federal Republic i. Where power was divided between the federal and state governments.

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 12/4/08

3. Describe colonial law, society, and politics in the mid 1700s. a. The Navigation Acts restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies. Smuggling was not considered a crime. Colonists felt entitled to the same rights as English citizens. The colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups. Social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe. At the time, King George III was ruling Britain and American from Britain. 4. Explain why conflict between the colonists and Britain increased after 1763. a. Parliament passed new laws which increased the taxes for the colonists. The colonists rebelled because why would they have to pay more tax if they weren’t represented in government? The Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and a series of other fights created more resentment between the colonists and the British. 5. Give an example of how Enlightenment ideas were reflected in each of the following: a. The Declaration of Independence i. It shared the view of the enlightenment thinker John Locke, in that the people had the right to abolish or alter the government if it was unjust. b. The United States Constitution i. The central feature of the Constitution were ideas borrowed directly from the Enlightenment thinker, Montesquieu, in which there were 3 branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial, and that they would maintain the balance of power through checks and balances. 6. Describe the ideas of separation of powers. Then give two examples of how your life would be different if the Constitution did not guarantee separation of powers. a. Separation of Powers is when a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other. They do this to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful. 2 examples on how it would affect my life if the constitution didn’t guarantee separation of powers are: first of all, if one part of government wanted to put me in jail, there would be no other part of government to protect me. Secondly, the president would just create his own laws, and chaos will occur.