Review Questions Pg. 124

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 11/7/08

Review Questions pg. 124 1. Identify a. James I i. The first Stuart monarch, behaving like an absolute monarch. James repeatedly clashed with parliament over money and foreign policy. He needed funds to finance his lavish court and wage wars. James dissolved Parliament and collected taxes on his own. b. Charles I i. The son of James I. Like his father, he behaved like an absolute monarch. He imprisoned his foes without trial and squeezed the nation for money. He dissolved parliament in 1629, and ruled the nation without parliament for 11 years. During this time he created bitter foes. c. Petition of Right i. The Petition of Right was a major English constitutional document, which sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king was prohibited from breaking. The Petition of Right was produced by the English Parliament in the run-up to the English Civil War. d. Cavalier i. Supporters of Charles I. Many cavaliers were wealthy nobles. Well trained in dueling and warfare, they expected a quick victory against the forces of Parliament. e. Roundhead i. The forces of Parliament. They were composed of town-dwelling manufacturers and Puritan clergy. They were called roundheads because their hair was cut close around their heads. f. Oliver Cromwell i. The leader among the roundheads and a skilled general. His army defeated the Cavaliers in a series of decisive battles. g. Leveller i. One group that thought poor men should have as much say in government as the gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens. Female leveler asserted the right to petition Parliament. h. English Bill of Rights i. The bill of Rights ensured the superiority of the Parliament over the monarchy. It required the monarch to summon the Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” (The power of the purse is the ability of one group to manipulate and control the actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds.) 2. Define a. Dissenter i. Protestants who differed with the Church of England.

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 11/7/08

b. Habeas corpus i. A civil right that stated that no person could be held in prison without first being charged for a specific crime. c. Limited monarchy i. A constitution of legislative body limits the Monarch’s powers. 3. a. How did Tudor monarchs handle parliament? i. They sensibly recognized the value of good relations with parliament. A constant need for money led them to consult with Parliament frequently. b. Why did the early Stuarts clash with parliament? i. They clashed often over money and foreign policy. 4. a. Explain the two causes of the English Civil War 1. Charles and Laud tried to impose the Anglican prayer book on Scotland, which resulted in a revolt. 2. To get funds to suppress the Scottish rebellion, Charles finally summoned the Parliament in 1640. When it met however, Parliament launched its own revolt. b. Why did many people welcome the return of the monarchy? i. After the Puritans chopped off Charles I's head, and imposed their theocracy, the rules they made Englishmen follow often rubbed against their preferences: no theater, no dancing, no games on Sunday, and so forth. Also, the Puritans under Cromwell were not seen as legitimate rulers by many of the nobility, nor even by much of the people, who preferred a king. 5. Describe two results of the Glorious Revolution. 1. The establishment of Protestantism as the official religion of the monarchy and government because they had just defeated James II, a ruler against the Parliament. 2. It also abolished the king’s powers to suspend laws, because now the parliament would take over.