Review And Assesment Questions Pg. 192-193

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 1/3/09

Review and Assessment Questions 11. Why was there discontent with the old regime in France? a. 98% of the population was the third estate, and they were by far the poorest. They would spend all day trying to find food and work to earn enough money to feed their family. They barely had enough resources to survive, and yet, only the third estate was required to pay taxes. It was outrageous that the poorest class was the only class to pay taxes. The best jobs were reserved for nobles. Urban workers earned miserable wages. 12. Why did a crowd storm the Bastille? a. A crowd gathered around Bastille demanding weapons and gunpowder believed to be stored there. The commander of the Bastille refused to open the gates and his men opened fire on the crowd. Many people were killed but finally broke through the defenses, killing the commander, but found no weapons in the end. 13. What was the slogan of the French Revolution? a. "Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite." Translated, this meant liberty, equality, fraternity. 14. What was the Reign of Terror? a. The Reign of Terror was a period of about 12 months during the French Revolution when struggles between rival factions led to executions by the guillotine. It was lead by Robespierre. It was established to kill the rebels, because he believed that liberty could not be secured unless the criminals lost their heads. Under the rule of Robespierre, many people died. So many people died, in fact, that Robespierre scared some of his own supporters and was executed. 15. List the reforms Napoleon made as leader of France a. Napoleon controlled prices, encouraged industry, and built new road and canals. He set up a public system of schools under strict government control. At the same time, he backed off from some of the Revolution’s social reforms. He made peace with the Catholic Church. He encouraged to émigrés to return. He also introduced a new law code, the Napoleonic code which took many newly earned rights of women. 16. a. How did Napoleon build an empire in Europe? i. He began his military career at age 9. He rose up the ranks increasingly fast. He won several dazzling victories against the Austrians, and many other victories followed. Success fueled his ambition. He soon moved from general to political leader. In order to

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 1/3/09

build his empire, he created reform. He also expanded his territory by defeating neighboring countries in wars. He placed his family members as leaders of the countries he took over. b. What were two reasons for his downfall? 1. Napoleon was a strong believer in Nepotism, favoritism shown to relatives by a person in high office. Because he had so much power as ruler of France, he made many members of his family rulers. He made his brother Joseph king of Spain and his brother Louis King of Holland. He established his brother Jerome as king of Westphalia as well. In addition, his sister Caroline was put as queen of Naples, and his sister Elisa the Grand Duchess of Tuscany. In order to do this, Napoleon just overthrew the republic and replaced it with a member of his family. This act of overthrowing and replacing with so many of his family members was seen as a form of tyranny from Napoleon’s people 2. Overall, Napoleon was a wicked and secretive ruler. Many of the tolerant reforms which had been created during the French Revolution prior to Napoleon’s rule were done away with. Napoleon reintroduced imprisonment without trial. He withdrew the freedom of the press, and although he did allow freedom of speech, he did not fully support it. He reestablished the idea that women were inferior to men with his new law code, The Napoleonic Code. He also attempted to reinitiate slavery, but his attempts failed. 17. How did the Congress of Vienna try to restore the balance of power in Europe? a. In the quadruple alliance, the 4 nations (Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain) pledged to act together to maintain the balance of power and to suppress revolutionary uprisings. 27. What is represented by the meal on the table? a. The meal is the world and the people are taking their slice of the world. 28. Why are the two figures carving the meal? a. The one on the left represents the British and the one on the right is Napoleon. 29. Does the cartoonist portray Napoleon favorably? a. Napoleon looks just as greedy as the British in that picture. The only noticeable difference is that Napoleon takes a much smaller slice of the world. While the British takes half of it. 30. How would people of the time have known which nations were represented by the two men in the cartoon?

Villalobos Period C

Eamon Barkhordarian 1/3/09

a. First of all, you can tell which part of the world the two men and taking (Napoleon is taking Europe obviously). Also, you can tell because of the colors they are wearing. Britain is always red and France is always blue. 31. Which of the sides, if any, does the cartoon favor? Explain. a. I believe they favor the British more because the Britain gets more of the world and is much taller than Napoleon. 32. a. Compose a title for the cartoon. i. Take your Slice of the World b. Explain the meaning of the title you created. i. I chose this title because it shows to rivals choosing their part of the world that they want. Literally in the picture, they are “slicing the world.”