Pembangunan Sosial Di Indonesia

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Pembangunan Sosial di Indonesia Nama : Ira Ukhtianingsih Kelas : X – 3 No. Absen : 17

Indonesia Poverty Analysis Program The Indonesia Poverty Analysis Program (INDOPOV) is a comprehensive project of analytical work and policy dialogue funded by DFID and based at the World Bank office, Jakarta. From 2004-2006, the INDOPOV analytical agenda included: analysis of basic poverty statistics; linkages between trade; the investment climate and poverty; service delivery for the poor evaluations of the impact of antipoverty projects; and the design of conditional cash transfer mechanisms for social protection. INDOPOV was unique first by virtue of its size and the expertise of its members. Second, the existence of a full-time poverty team with a Bank country office enabled the INDOPOV team to build strong relationships with their respective government counterparts and colleagues from nongovernmental organizations. INDOPOV evolved into the “go to” team for senior government ministers. During its term, the team provided direct analytical support to the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Minister of Trade, the Director of the National Planning Board

Ask About Poverty The questions to ask about a country’s development are therefore: What has been happening to poverty? What has been happening to unemployment? What has been happening to inequality? If all three of these have declined from high levels then beyond doubt this has been a period of development for the country concerned. If one or two of these central problems have been growing worse, especially if all three have, it would be strange to call the result “development” even if per capita income doubled. Dudley Seers (1972)    While humanity shares one planet, it is a planet on which there are two worlds, the world of the rich and the world of the poor. Raanan Weitz, 1986

Pembangunan Sosial PEMBANGUNAN sosial adalah strategi yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan manusia secara paripurna. Pembangunan sosial lebih berorientasi pada prinsip keadilan sosial ketimbang pertumbuhan ekonomi. Beberapa sektor yang menjadi pusat perhatian pendekatan ini mencakup pendidikan, kesehatan, ketenagakerjaan, jaminan sosial dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Secara sempit, pembangunan sosial dapat didefinisikan sebagai pembangunan kesejahteraan sosial. Ia berorientasi pada peningkatan keberfungsian sosial (social functioning) kelompokkelompok tidak beruntung (disadvantage groups) atau Pemerlu Pelayanan Kesejahteraan Sosial (P2KS), yang meliputi fakir miskin, anak terlantar, anak jalanan, pekerja anak, keluarga rentan, wanita rawan sosial ekonomi, dan komunitas adat lokal. Pembangunan sosial dapat dilihat dari output indicators (indikator keluaran), seperti tingkat kemiskinan, melek hurup, harapan hidup, dan partisipasi sosial. Indikator standar hidup ini telah dikembangkan sejak tahun 1970an. Misalnya, Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) yang digagas oleh Pyatt dan Round (1977); Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) oleh Morris (1977), dan Human Development Index oleh tim UNDP (Mahbub Ul Haq, Amartya Sen, Paul Streeten dkk.). Pembangunan sosial bisa pula diukur dari input indicators (indikator masukan) yang umumnya dilihat dari pengeluaran pemerintah untuk sektor pendidikan, kesehatan dan jaminan sosial. Dalam kaitannya dengan indikator masukan ini, masih berkembang anggapan bahwa pembangunan sosial adalah “pengeluaran mahal” yang tidak akan mampu dilakukan oleh negara-negara berkembang. Hanya negara-negara kaya saja yang pantas melakukan investasi sosial yang mewah ini.

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