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Occupational Health and Safety Practitioner
Reading GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
March 2008
®
Contents OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................1 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................2 SECTION 2: LEGAL INFORMATION.............................................................................3 SECTION 3: PRINTED INFORMATION AND VIDEOS .................................................8 SECTION 4: ELECTRONIC INFORMATION ...............................................................15 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES & FURTHER READING.......................................................................20
Published by WorkSafe, Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, PO Box 294, WEST PERTH WA 6872. Tel: Toll Free 1300 307 877. Email: [email protected]
®
The SafetyLine Institute material has been prepared and published as part of Western Australia’s contribution to the National Occupational Health and Safety Skills Development Action Plan.
www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/institute
© 2008 State of Western Australia. All rights reserved. Details of copyright conditions are provided at the SafetyLine Institute website. Before using this publication, note should be taken of the Disclaimer, which is published at the SafetyLine Institute website.
READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
OVERVIEW
This reading will give you an insight into the types of OSH resources available and how these can be accessed.
Objectives After reading this information you should be able to: •
differentiate the type of resources available; and
•
identify the documents that will provide the answers to specific queries.
Authors Margaret Gabriel Lucy Caminschi B.Sc. B.A.(Hons) Grad.Dip.Info. & Libr.Studies Grad.Dip.Info. & Libr.Studies
MARCH 2008
SAFETYLINE INSTITUTE
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READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
Section 1: INTRODUCTION Glossary of terms When they are first used, glossary terms are indicated with an asterisk (*). Make sure that you are familiar with the Glossary of terms before going any further. Standard
Documents that set out the minimum requirements for manufactured goods, processes or procedures
Periodical
Publications issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
1.1 Access to OSH information is essential Governments have been concerned about the number of deaths and injuries in the workplace and the social costs to the community and have sought to reduce the workplace risks to health and safety in a variety of ways, for instance, by legislation, education and by providing training. Workplace injury and disease can be dramatically reduced by good risk management. In order to have good risk management, it is essential for the organisation and the workers to have access to OSH information. There is a wealth of information available in this field, the problem being how and where to find it. Furthermore, OSH covers a number of sciences and to find information, it is necessary to look at a variety of subjects such as occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, ergonomics and behavioural sciences. The aim of this reading is to give an insight into the types of OSH resources available and how these can be accessed. Hot links to relevant sites are located in the References and Further Reading section.
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READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
Section 2: LEGAL INFORMATION Most of the publications that fall in this category are issued by regulatory bodies such as the government departments responsible for administering the legislation, and agencies responsible for standard setting. More detailed information on legislation and documents relating to this can be found in other readings. Examples of relevant documents are as follows:
2.1 Legislation Western Australia •
KEY POINT
Occupational Safety and Health Act The key sources of information relevant to 1984
occupational safety and health legislation are the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Occupational (The above Act and Regulations can be Safety and Health Regulations, Australian accessed at www.slp.wa.gov.au ) Standards, Codes of Practice and Guidance The corresponding legislation of all the Notes.
•
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996
other states and territories in Australia are also available in the WorkSafe WA Library.
National •
Australian Workplace Safety Standards Act 2005
•
Australian Workplace Safety Standards Regulations 2005
International •
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ILO conventions and recommendations
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2.2 Standards Standards referred to in the legislation are documents that set out the minimum requirements for manufactured goods, processes or procedures. The agencies responsible for setting standards in Australia are Standards Australia, Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH&MRC). Examples of international or other national standards setting bodies are the British Standards Institute, and the International Standards Organisation. All standards issued by these bodies can be purchased from their local offices or their appointed agents. These organisations also have home pages on the Internet with links to their catalogues and information on how to place orders online. In the WorkSafe WA Library we subscribe to Australian Standards online and have some hard copies in our collection.
National Standards Standards Australia can be located on the Internet at: www.standards.com.au A few of these standards have been adopted in the WA legislation giving them a legal status under the OSH regulations, for example: •
AS 1319 : 1994 Safety signs for the occupational environment
•
AS/NZS 2865 : 2001 Safe working in a confined space
Some examples of Australian standards that are relevant to our legislation are as follows:
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•
AS 2444 : 2001 Portable fire extinguishers and fire blankets – selection and location
•
AS/NZS 4576 : 1995 Guidelines for scaffolding
•
AS 3850 : 2003 Tilt-up concrete construction
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International Standards For international standards and their Internet sites go to: •
British Standards Institute: www.bsi-global.com
•
International Standards Organisation: www.iso.org
•
International Electrotechnical Commission: www.iec.ch
Examples of international standards: •
ISO 6395-1988 Acoustics - measurement of exterior noise emitted by earth-moving machinery
•
ISO 5131-1996 Acoustics - tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - measurement of noise at operator's position
•
BS 7255-2001 Code of practice for safe working on lifts
2.3 Codes of practice A code of practice is defined in the Act as a document prepared for the purpose of providing practical guidance on acceptable ways of achieving compliance with statutory duties and regulatory requirements. Codes of practice: • Should be followed, unless there is another solution which achieves the same or better result and • Can be used to support prosecution for non-compliance. Codes of practice may contain explanatory information and are designed to be used with the relevant act and regulations. Some of the codes of practice, like the standards, have been adopted in Western Australian legislation giving them a legal status. Examples of codes of practice are:
State (Western Australia)
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•
Code of practice for styrene
•
Code of practice for manual handling
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National (Australia) •
Safe use of ethylene oxide in sterilisation/fumigation processes [NOHSC:2008 (1992)]
•
Preparation of material safety data sheets [NOHSC:2011(2003)]
National codes of practice are no longer available as hard copies but can be downloaded from the internet. All Western Australian codes and some of the national publications are available on the WorkSafe website at www.docep.wa.gov.au/worksafe. All national publications can be found at www.ascc.gov.au
International (HSE) •
Control of lead at work
•
Managing health & safety in construction
International (ILO) •
Safe construction and operation of tractors
•
Prevention of major industrial accidents
2.4 Guidance notes Guidance notes are explanatory documents providing detailed information on the requirements of legislation, regulations, standards, codes of practice or matters relating to occupational safety and health as approved by the Commission. Examples of guidance notes are:
State (Western Australia)
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•
The general duty of care in Western Australian Workplaces
•
Formal consultative processes at the workplace
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National (Australia) • Guidance note for the prevention of occupational overuse syndrome in keyboard employment [NOHSC : 3005 (1996)] • Guidance note for the assessment of health risks arising from hazardous substances in the workplace [NOHSC: 3017 (1994)]
International (HSE) • Managing shift work: Health and safety guidance • Assessing and managing risks at work from skin exposure to chemical agents – guidance for employers and health and safety specialists
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Section 3: PRINTED INFORMATION AND VIDEOS A number of publications relating to occupational safety and health written by specialists have become standard textbooks in that field. Books on occupational medicine, ergonomics, industrial hygiene, noise and other subjects are widely used to improve workplace safety and health. Some of those available in the WorkSafe WA Library are listed below.
3.1 Reference books Encyclopaedias (Reference work containing articles on various topics arranged alphabetically) •
ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Stellman, Jeanne Mager (Eds.) (1998) 4th ed., 4 vols. International Labour Organization, Geneva.
This is a 4 volume, concise, easy-to-understand reference work on almost every topic related to occupational safety and health and is written by specialists. Most articles describe the health hazards and give an account of the safety measures that should be taken. The volumes were reprinted in 1998. This is now also available on internet at http://www.ilocis.org
Glossary (An alphabetical list with information of technical terms in some specialised field of knowledge) •
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CCH Occupational Health and Safety - glossary. CCH International (1992). CCH Australia, Sydney.
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Dictionaries (A reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them)
•
The Macquarie dictionary. Delbridge, A. (Ed.-in-chief) (1985) Rev. ed. Macquarie Library, NSW
Handbooks (A book that gives advice and instructions about a particular subject) •
Handbook of human factors. Gavriel, Salvendy (Ed.) (1987) John Wiley & Sons, New York. This book gives detailed coverage of human factors fundamentals, equipment and workplace design, design for health and safety, human factors in computing systems and more.
•
Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Clayton, George D. and Clayton, Florence E.(eds.) John Wiley & Sons, New York. This is a comprehensive reference and classic guide to the concepts of industrial hygiene and toxicology. There are several volumes to the series; volumes that focus on environmental safety and hazard control, to volumes that deal with the theory and rationale of industrial hygiene practice.
Textbooks (A book used by students as a standard work for a particular branch of study)
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•
Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Weatherall, D. J., Ledingham, J. G. G.; Warrell, D.A.(Eds.) (1987) 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
•
Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health. Taylor, Geoff; Easter, Kelli; Hegney, Roy (2004). Elsevier, Oxford.
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3.2 General books Occupational Medicine •
Lecture notes on occupational medicine. Waldron, H.A. (1985), 3rd. Ed. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
•
Occupational Medicine. Zenz, C.; Dickerson, O. Bruce; Horvath, Jr., Edward P. (eds.) (1994) 3rd ed. Mosby, St. Louis, Mo.
•
A practical approach to occupational and environmental medicine. McCunney, Robert J. (Ed.) (1994) 2nd ed. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
•
Occupational health practice. Waldron, H.A. (1989) 3rd ed. Butterworths, London.
•
Practical occupational medicine. Agius, Raymond M. and Seaton, Anthony (2006) 2nd ed. Hodder Arnold, London
Ergonomics •
Fitting the task to the human. Grandjean, E., Kroemer, K.H.E (1997). 5th ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
•
A guide to manual materials handling. Mital, A., Nicholson, A.S., Ayoub, M.M. (1997). 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
•
Bodyspace: anthropometry, ergonomics and design. Pheasant, Stephen (1996) 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
Industrial Hygiene
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•
Fundamentals of industrial hygiene. Plog, Barbara A.; Quinlan, Patricia J. (2002) 5th ed. National Safety Council, USA.
•
Air monitoring for toxic exposures: an integrated approach. Ness, Shirley A. (1991) Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
•
Industrial hygiene evaluation methods. Bisesi, Michael S. and Kohn, James P. (1995) Lewis Publishers, Florida.
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•
2007 TLVs and BEIs based on the documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical and physical agents and biological exposure indices. American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2007) ACGIH, Cincinnati, Ohio.
•
Exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (1995) AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
Noise •
Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise exposure, revised criteria 1998. NIOSH (USA) (1998). USDHHS, Cincinnati Ohio.
•
Noise induced hearing loss: basic mechanisms, prevention and control. Henderson, Don; et al. (2001). NRN Publications, London.
•
Occupational hearing loss. Sataloff, Robert Thayer and Sataloff,Joseph (2006). 3rd ed. Taylor and Francis, Boca Ratan, Fla.
•
Occupational noise. National standard [NOHSC : 1007(2000)]. National code of practice [NOHSC : 2009 (2004)]. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission. (2004). 3rd ed. NOHSC, Canberra, Australia.
•
Noise management at work. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission. (1991). AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
•
Handbook of noise induced hearing loss: prevention and rehabilitation. Barber, Antony (1992). AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
3.3 Periodicals Journals are a very good source of up-to-date information because of the frequency of publication. Information in books takes time to be written and published whilst journal articles report on more current issues. Journals also contain useful information in the form of book reviews, news items and announcements of conferences and seminars. A number of the international journals are now also available on-line on the Internet. Journals can either be
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READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
scientific/technical in content or be trade journals carrying advertisements, product news and one or two feature articles. There are hundreds of journals available but listed here are a number of relevant OSH journals available at the WorkSafe library:
State •
Safetyline Magazine - A practical guide to occupational safety and health published by WorkSafe Western Australia. (Publication of this has now ceased)
National •
National Safety - Official occupational safety and health journal of the National Safety Council of Australia. This journal reports on current issues on safety and health and also carries a lot of advertisements on safety products, videos, training courses and other news items.
•
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety: Australia and New Zealand. This is one of the best Australian OSH journals and is published by CCH Australia. The journal reports on current research, forthcoming seminars and carries feature articles on topics of interest in the OSH field, book reviews and comments by readers.
International
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•
Health and Safety at Work - U.K. publication very similar to the Australian Safety News. It is more of a trade journal carrying a number of advertisements, OSH news in brief and one or two feature articles.
•
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene - "a publication for the science of occupational and environmental health" with special focus on all aspects of industrial hygiene practice, policy and procedures.
•
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - the official journal of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. This was formerly known as the Journal of Occupational Medicine. It presents articles on occupational and environmental health practice.
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READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
•
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health - a scientific publication by the Institutes of Occupational Health in Finland, Denmark, Norway and the National Institute for Working Life, Sweden. It includes original articles in the field of occupational safety and health and encourages full-length discussions of important issues and research.
•
Noise Control Engineering Journal - an international publication by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the U.S.A.
3.4 Newsletters Newsletters are the best sources of up-to-date information about recent developments in a particular field. Most newsletters report on current research, new work programs or work practices and include short articles on topical issues.
Australian Newsletters •
Occupational Health News - a national newsletter on work health and safety published by Thomson Legal & Regulatory Ltd.
•
OHS bulletin - a guide to workplace health and safety published Crown Content Pty. Ltd. Includes, in brief, OSH news around Australia and reports on case studies.
International Newsletters •
Health and safety newsletter - published by HSE, U.K.
•
Canadian occupational health & safety news - published by Business Information Group.
3.5 Bibliographies, indexes and reading lists These are convenient access tools to literature. There are many organisations that produce bibliographies, indexes and abstracts. Most of these are online services and are only available on a subscription basis. For instance, the International Occupational
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READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
Safety and Health Information Centre (known as CIS) publishes bibliographies and indexes on various subjects in the occupational safety and health field. In the WorkSafe Library we have the following: •
CIS bibliography on visual display units.
•
Bibliography on smoking and health. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services (1985).
•
CIS abstracts annual indexes. These contain cumulative subject index, cumulative chemical citations index and author index.
•
Visual display terminals (VDT). Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (1984). An occupational health and safety bibliography with selected annotations.
•
CISDOC (Online) is an index to documents related to safety and health and published by the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS)
3.6 Audio-visual materials There are many safety videos available for education and training purposes. The WorkSafe WA Library has a collection of more than 350 videos and DVDs that are available for use by industry at large. There are videos and DVDs on topics like accident investigation, construction industry, ergonomics, back care and other relevant subjects. There is a comprehensive catalogue and this can be accessed on the Internet at http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/worksafe. Examples of titles available from the Library are:
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•
Accident investigation by SafetyCare Australia
•
Office safety by SafetyCare Australia
•
Hand and wrist injuries by Vocam
•
Confined space entry by Vocam
•
Hospitality safety series by Grumpy Films
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Section 4: ELECTRONIC INFORMATION With the ever-increasing amount of scientific information, it is virtually impossible to obtain access to all published information. For this reason, electronic information retrieval has become a necessity. There are a number of databases available in the field of occupational safety and health. Some are available on-line, some on CD-ROMs and some in both versions. Most of these databases are bibliographic databases but there are many available now that provide full text information. Most of the discs are updated every three months. In the WorkSafe WA Library we subscribe to a few databases on CDs and have access to on-line databases as well. Nearly all of the on-line database providers have homepages on the Internet.
4.1 Online databases There are many occupational safety and health databases available on-line. For example: Wolters Kluwer, DIALOG and DataStar services, provide access to more than a 1000 databases, some of which are useful for research in the area of OSH. Facilities also exist where orders can be placed for the journal articles to be faxed or posted once the search has been done. Most of these databases are now available on the Internet as well. Some of the databases useful in the occupational safety and health field are listed below.
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•
MEDLINE a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health is one of the major sources for biomedical literature. Abstracts are taken directly from published articles and cover such subjects as clinical medicine, nursing, occupational medicine, toxicology, behavioural and mental disorders.
•
CANCERLIT produced by the International Cancer Research DataBank Branch of the U.S. National Cancer Institute consists of bibliographic records referencing cancer research publications.
•
TOXNET – a cluster of databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals and related areas is managed by a division of the National Library of Medicine.
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•
TOXLINE covers toxicological effects of chemicals, drugs, and physical agents on living systems. Some of the areas covered include adverse drug reactions, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and environmental pollution.
•
PsycINFO is an abstract database of psychological literature. The major emphasis is on original research, while case studies, literature reviews, surveys and discussions are also covered.
•
PubMed - a service of the National Library of Medicine provides access to over 12 million MEDLINE citations back to the mid 1960s and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.
OSH-ROM Online This is an international database for literature searches in the occupational safety and health field. It is very comprehensive with more than 1.5 million citations taken from more than 5,000 journals and over a 100,000 monographs and technical reports. There are several databases in this service but the four important ones are:
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•
NIOSHTIC created by US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It contains nearly 300,000 references to research reports and information that contribute to the understanding of occupational safety and health problems. Subject areas include toxicology, occupational medicine, epidemiology, pathology, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, and hazardous wastes.
•
HSELINE is from the Health and Safety Executive Information Services. It contains bibliographic records on subjects that reflect HSE's wide interests that include: mining, nuclear technology, explosives, hazardous chemicals, welding, construction and agriculture.
•
CISDOC created by International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), a unit of the International Labour Organisation in Geneva. It covers more than 50,000 records on industrial hygiene, accident prevention, safety engineering, ergonomics and toxicology.
•
MHIDAS is a major hazard incident data service from the Major Hazards Assessment Unit of the UK Health and Safety Commission.
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CHEMWATCH
KEY POINT
This is an online database that provides Those working with comprehensive chemical information. It chemicals and requiring the relevant material safety gives access to over a million MSDS data sheets would use the and its powerful search engine can CCINFO disc and the access information on risk assessment, Internet. emergency response, labelling etc. Also available on the database are weekly bulletins on the safe use of chemicals for the safety and health professional.
CCH Occupational Safety & Health Electronic Library The two important databases on this CD-ROM are: •
Australian Occupational Health and Safety Law provides detailed OSH information on Australian legislation, administration, planning, advisory services as well as new developments in Australia and overseas.
•
Managing Occupational Health & Safety gives practical guidance on OSH matters confronting the workplace, for example, information on how to write policies and programmes, accident investigation, workplace inspections, safety and health committees, occupational first aid and training to name a few.
4.3 Internet The Internet now provides a KEY POINT number of sites where OSH Safety officers who want to information can be accessed. be kept up-to-date with the latest developments in This has become a useful tool occupational safety and for obtaining information quickly health would read journals and at a low cost. and newsletters, use the WorkSafe WA has a homepage Internet and follow newsgroups. on the Internet that has comprehensive information on occupational safety and health. WorkSafe also provides links to other sites such as the Health and Safety Executive in the UK, the Canadian Centre for Occupational
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Safety and Health, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US) and many more.
4.4 News/Discussion Groups More and more safety and health professionals use computers to find and share information. Currently there are a number of newsgroups on the Internet that can be utilised to discuss safety and health issues with people around the world who are experts in the field. Examples of newsgroups that people can subscribe to are: •
sci. med. occupational – preventing, detecting & treating occupational injuries
•
sci. engr. safety – all aspects of the safety of engineered systems
•
sci. med – medicine and its related products
•
sci. chem. – chemistry and related sciences
•
sci. med. diseases. lyme
4.5 Mailing lists There are more than 200 mailing lists debating relevant topics on occupational safety and health. A comprehensive list of the addresses is produced by Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. The list is organised alphabetically and is maintained by the Canadian Centre. This is available at: www.ccohs.ca/resources/listserv.htm
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SUMMARY You have been introduced to a variety of information sources in different formats and you should now be able to differentiate between the types of resources available for your search needs. You should also be able to identify the type of documents that will provide the best answers to your queries. This is just an overview of the sources of OSH information available from the WorkSafe WA Library. There is much more information on OSH which would be available from various institutions, universities, research centres, government departments and also on the Internet.
Your feedback WorkSafe is committed to continuous improvement. If you take the time to complete the online Feedback Form at the SafetyLine Institute website you will assist us to maintain and improve our high standards.
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REFERENCES & FURTHER READING ANSTO (1991) Information 1991. AGPS, Canberra. DELBRIDGE, A. (1985) The Macquarie dictionary. Rev. ed. Macquarie Library, New South Wales. PANTRY, Sheila (1995) Occupational health. Chapman & Hall, London. PARMEGGIANI, L. (Ed.) (1993) ILO Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety. 3rd rev. ed. International Labour Organization, Washington, DC. RUDGE, Lisette M. (1993) Casson's occupational health and safety in Australia. 3rd rev. ed. Techpress, Adelaide. SILVERPLATTER INTERNATIONAL N.V. (1995) 1995 SilverPlatter directory : a guide to a worldwide library. SilverPlatter Information Inc., Norwood, MA. SLOTE, Lawrence (1987) Handbook of occupational safety and health. Wiley-Interscience, New York. VERNON, Ken (1986) Library and Information Services of management development institutions. ILO, Geneva. WORK HEALTH AUTHORITY (N.T.) (1993) Information resources handbook. Govt. Printer, Darwin.
Internet links Further information is available at:
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•
British Standards Institute – www.bsi-global.com
•
Business Publishers (USA) – www.bpinews.com
•
International Electrotechnical Commission – www.iec.ch
•
International Standards Organisation – www.iso.ch
•
SafetyCare Australia – www.safetycare.com.au
•
Standards Australia – www.saiglobal.com.au
•
Australian Safety and Compensation Council – www.ascc.gov.au
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March 2008
®
Contents OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................1 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................2 SECTION 2: LEGAL INFORMATION.............................................................................3 SECTION 3: PRINTED INFORMATION AND VIDEOS .................................................8 SECTION 4: ELECTRONIC INFORMATION ...............................................................15 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES & FURTHER READING.......................................................................20
Published by WorkSafe, Department of Consumer and Employment Protection, PO Box 294, WEST PERTH WA 6872. Tel: Toll Free 1300 307 877. Email: [email protected]
®
The SafetyLine Institute material has been prepared and published as part of Western Australia’s contribution to the National Occupational Health and Safety Skills Development Action Plan.
www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/institute
© 2008 State of Western Australia. All rights reserved. Details of copyright conditions are provided at the SafetyLine Institute website. Before using this publication, note should be taken of the Disclaimer, which is published at the SafetyLine Institute website.
READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
OVERVIEW
This reading will give you an insight into the types of OSH resources available and how these can be accessed.
Objectives After reading this information you should be able to: •
differentiate the type of resources available; and
•
identify the documents that will provide the answers to specific queries.
Authors Margaret Gabriel Lucy Caminschi B.Sc. B.A.(Hons) Grad.Dip.Info. & Libr.Studies Grad.Dip.Info. & Libr.Studies
MARCH 2008
SAFETYLINE INSTITUTE
PAGE 1
READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
Section 1: INTRODUCTION Glossary of terms When they are first used, glossary terms are indicated with an asterisk (*). Make sure that you are familiar with the Glossary of terms before going any further. Standard
Documents that set out the minimum requirements for manufactured goods, processes or procedures
Periodical
Publications issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
1.1 Access to OSH information is essential Governments have been concerned about the number of deaths and injuries in the workplace and the social costs to the community and have sought to reduce the workplace risks to health and safety in a variety of ways, for instance, by legislation, education and by providing training. Workplace injury and disease can be dramatically reduced by good risk management. In order to have good risk management, it is essential for the organisation and the workers to have access to OSH information. There is a wealth of information available in this field, the problem being how and where to find it. Furthermore, OSH covers a number of sciences and to find information, it is necessary to look at a variety of subjects such as occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, ergonomics and behavioural sciences. The aim of this reading is to give an insight into the types of OSH resources available and how these can be accessed. Hot links to relevant sites are located in the References and Further Reading section.
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READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES
Section 2: LEGAL INFORMATION Most of the publications that fall in this category are issued by regulatory bodies such as the government departments responsible for administering the legislation, and agencies responsible for standard setting. More detailed information on legislation and documents relating to this can be found in other readings. Examples of relevant documents are as follows:
2.1 Legislation Western Australia •
KEY POINT
Occupational Safety and Health Act The key sources of information relevant to 1984
occupational safety and health legislation are the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Occupational (The above Act and Regulations can be Safety and Health Regulations, Australian accessed at www.slp.wa.gov.au ) Standards, Codes of Practice and Guidance The corresponding legislation of all the Notes.
•
Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996
other states and territories in Australia are also available in the WorkSafe WA Library.
National •
Australian Workplace Safety Standards Act 2005
•
Australian Workplace Safety Standards Regulations 2005
International •
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ILO conventions and recommendations
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2.2 Standards Standards referred to in the legislation are documents that set out the minimum requirements for manufactured goods, processes or procedures. The agencies responsible for setting standards in Australia are Standards Australia, Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH&MRC). Examples of international or other national standards setting bodies are the British Standards Institute, and the International Standards Organisation. All standards issued by these bodies can be purchased from their local offices or their appointed agents. These organisations also have home pages on the Internet with links to their catalogues and information on how to place orders online. In the WorkSafe WA Library we subscribe to Australian Standards online and have some hard copies in our collection.
National Standards Standards Australia can be located on the Internet at: www.standards.com.au A few of these standards have been adopted in the WA legislation giving them a legal status under the OSH regulations, for example: •
AS 1319 : 1994 Safety signs for the occupational environment
•
AS/NZS 2865 : 2001 Safe working in a confined space
Some examples of Australian standards that are relevant to our legislation are as follows:
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•
AS 2444 : 2001 Portable fire extinguishers and fire blankets – selection and location
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AS/NZS 4576 : 1995 Guidelines for scaffolding
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AS 3850 : 2003 Tilt-up concrete construction
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International Standards For international standards and their Internet sites go to: •
British Standards Institute: www.bsi-global.com
•
International Standards Organisation: www.iso.org
•
International Electrotechnical Commission: www.iec.ch
Examples of international standards: •
ISO 6395-1988 Acoustics - measurement of exterior noise emitted by earth-moving machinery
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ISO 5131-1996 Acoustics - tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - measurement of noise at operator's position
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BS 7255-2001 Code of practice for safe working on lifts
2.3 Codes of practice A code of practice is defined in the Act as a document prepared for the purpose of providing practical guidance on acceptable ways of achieving compliance with statutory duties and regulatory requirements. Codes of practice: • Should be followed, unless there is another solution which achieves the same or better result and • Can be used to support prosecution for non-compliance. Codes of practice may contain explanatory information and are designed to be used with the relevant act and regulations. Some of the codes of practice, like the standards, have been adopted in Western Australian legislation giving them a legal status. Examples of codes of practice are:
State (Western Australia)
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Code of practice for styrene
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Code of practice for manual handling
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National (Australia) •
Safe use of ethylene oxide in sterilisation/fumigation processes [NOHSC:2008 (1992)]
•
Preparation of material safety data sheets [NOHSC:2011(2003)]
National codes of practice are no longer available as hard copies but can be downloaded from the internet. All Western Australian codes and some of the national publications are available on the WorkSafe website at www.docep.wa.gov.au/worksafe. All national publications can be found at www.ascc.gov.au
International (HSE) •
Control of lead at work
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Managing health & safety in construction
International (ILO) •
Safe construction and operation of tractors
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Prevention of major industrial accidents
2.4 Guidance notes Guidance notes are explanatory documents providing detailed information on the requirements of legislation, regulations, standards, codes of practice or matters relating to occupational safety and health as approved by the Commission. Examples of guidance notes are:
State (Western Australia)
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The general duty of care in Western Australian Workplaces
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Formal consultative processes at the workplace
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National (Australia) • Guidance note for the prevention of occupational overuse syndrome in keyboard employment [NOHSC : 3005 (1996)] • Guidance note for the assessment of health risks arising from hazardous substances in the workplace [NOHSC: 3017 (1994)]
International (HSE) • Managing shift work: Health and safety guidance • Assessing and managing risks at work from skin exposure to chemical agents – guidance for employers and health and safety specialists
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Section 3: PRINTED INFORMATION AND VIDEOS A number of publications relating to occupational safety and health written by specialists have become standard textbooks in that field. Books on occupational medicine, ergonomics, industrial hygiene, noise and other subjects are widely used to improve workplace safety and health. Some of those available in the WorkSafe WA Library are listed below.
3.1 Reference books Encyclopaedias (Reference work containing articles on various topics arranged alphabetically) •
ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Stellman, Jeanne Mager (Eds.) (1998) 4th ed., 4 vols. International Labour Organization, Geneva.
This is a 4 volume, concise, easy-to-understand reference work on almost every topic related to occupational safety and health and is written by specialists. Most articles describe the health hazards and give an account of the safety measures that should be taken. The volumes were reprinted in 1998. This is now also available on internet at http://www.ilocis.org
Glossary (An alphabetical list with information of technical terms in some specialised field of knowledge) •
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CCH Occupational Health and Safety - glossary. CCH International (1992). CCH Australia, Sydney.
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Dictionaries (A reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them)
•
The Macquarie dictionary. Delbridge, A. (Ed.-in-chief) (1985) Rev. ed. Macquarie Library, NSW
Handbooks (A book that gives advice and instructions about a particular subject) •
Handbook of human factors. Gavriel, Salvendy (Ed.) (1987) John Wiley & Sons, New York. This book gives detailed coverage of human factors fundamentals, equipment and workplace design, design for health and safety, human factors in computing systems and more.
•
Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Clayton, George D. and Clayton, Florence E.(eds.) John Wiley & Sons, New York. This is a comprehensive reference and classic guide to the concepts of industrial hygiene and toxicology. There are several volumes to the series; volumes that focus on environmental safety and hazard control, to volumes that deal with the theory and rationale of industrial hygiene practice.
Textbooks (A book used by students as a standard work for a particular branch of study)
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Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Weatherall, D. J., Ledingham, J. G. G.; Warrell, D.A.(Eds.) (1987) 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
•
Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health. Taylor, Geoff; Easter, Kelli; Hegney, Roy (2004). Elsevier, Oxford.
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3.2 General books Occupational Medicine •
Lecture notes on occupational medicine. Waldron, H.A. (1985), 3rd. Ed. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
•
Occupational Medicine. Zenz, C.; Dickerson, O. Bruce; Horvath, Jr., Edward P. (eds.) (1994) 3rd ed. Mosby, St. Louis, Mo.
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A practical approach to occupational and environmental medicine. McCunney, Robert J. (Ed.) (1994) 2nd ed. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
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Occupational health practice. Waldron, H.A. (1989) 3rd ed. Butterworths, London.
•
Practical occupational medicine. Agius, Raymond M. and Seaton, Anthony (2006) 2nd ed. Hodder Arnold, London
Ergonomics •
Fitting the task to the human. Grandjean, E., Kroemer, K.H.E (1997). 5th ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
•
A guide to manual materials handling. Mital, A., Nicholson, A.S., Ayoub, M.M. (1997). 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
•
Bodyspace: anthropometry, ergonomics and design. Pheasant, Stephen (1996) 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
Industrial Hygiene
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Fundamentals of industrial hygiene. Plog, Barbara A.; Quinlan, Patricia J. (2002) 5th ed. National Safety Council, USA.
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Air monitoring for toxic exposures: an integrated approach. Ness, Shirley A. (1991) Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
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Industrial hygiene evaluation methods. Bisesi, Michael S. and Kohn, James P. (1995) Lewis Publishers, Florida.
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•
2007 TLVs and BEIs based on the documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical and physical agents and biological exposure indices. American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2007) ACGIH, Cincinnati, Ohio.
•
Exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (1995) AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
Noise •
Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise exposure, revised criteria 1998. NIOSH (USA) (1998). USDHHS, Cincinnati Ohio.
•
Noise induced hearing loss: basic mechanisms, prevention and control. Henderson, Don; et al. (2001). NRN Publications, London.
•
Occupational hearing loss. Sataloff, Robert Thayer and Sataloff,Joseph (2006). 3rd ed. Taylor and Francis, Boca Ratan, Fla.
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Occupational noise. National standard [NOHSC : 1007(2000)]. National code of practice [NOHSC : 2009 (2004)]. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission. (2004). 3rd ed. NOHSC, Canberra, Australia.
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Noise management at work. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission. (1991). AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
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Handbook of noise induced hearing loss: prevention and rehabilitation. Barber, Antony (1992). AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
3.3 Periodicals Journals are a very good source of up-to-date information because of the frequency of publication. Information in books takes time to be written and published whilst journal articles report on more current issues. Journals also contain useful information in the form of book reviews, news items and announcements of conferences and seminars. A number of the international journals are now also available on-line on the Internet. Journals can either be
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scientific/technical in content or be trade journals carrying advertisements, product news and one or two feature articles. There are hundreds of journals available but listed here are a number of relevant OSH journals available at the WorkSafe library:
State •
Safetyline Magazine - A practical guide to occupational safety and health published by WorkSafe Western Australia. (Publication of this has now ceased)
National •
National Safety - Official occupational safety and health journal of the National Safety Council of Australia. This journal reports on current issues on safety and health and also carries a lot of advertisements on safety products, videos, training courses and other news items.
•
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety: Australia and New Zealand. This is one of the best Australian OSH journals and is published by CCH Australia. The journal reports on current research, forthcoming seminars and carries feature articles on topics of interest in the OSH field, book reviews and comments by readers.
International
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Health and Safety at Work - U.K. publication very similar to the Australian Safety News. It is more of a trade journal carrying a number of advertisements, OSH news in brief and one or two feature articles.
•
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene - "a publication for the science of occupational and environmental health" with special focus on all aspects of industrial hygiene practice, policy and procedures.
•
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - the official journal of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. This was formerly known as the Journal of Occupational Medicine. It presents articles on occupational and environmental health practice.
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•
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health - a scientific publication by the Institutes of Occupational Health in Finland, Denmark, Norway and the National Institute for Working Life, Sweden. It includes original articles in the field of occupational safety and health and encourages full-length discussions of important issues and research.
•
Noise Control Engineering Journal - an international publication by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the U.S.A.
3.4 Newsletters Newsletters are the best sources of up-to-date information about recent developments in a particular field. Most newsletters report on current research, new work programs or work practices and include short articles on topical issues.
Australian Newsletters •
Occupational Health News - a national newsletter on work health and safety published by Thomson Legal & Regulatory Ltd.
•
OHS bulletin - a guide to workplace health and safety published Crown Content Pty. Ltd. Includes, in brief, OSH news around Australia and reports on case studies.
International Newsletters •
Health and safety newsletter - published by HSE, U.K.
•
Canadian occupational health & safety news - published by Business Information Group.
3.5 Bibliographies, indexes and reading lists These are convenient access tools to literature. There are many organisations that produce bibliographies, indexes and abstracts. Most of these are online services and are only available on a subscription basis. For instance, the International Occupational
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Safety and Health Information Centre (known as CIS) publishes bibliographies and indexes on various subjects in the occupational safety and health field. In the WorkSafe Library we have the following: •
CIS bibliography on visual display units.
•
Bibliography on smoking and health. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services (1985).
•
CIS abstracts annual indexes. These contain cumulative subject index, cumulative chemical citations index and author index.
•
Visual display terminals (VDT). Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (1984). An occupational health and safety bibliography with selected annotations.
•
CISDOC (Online) is an index to documents related to safety and health and published by the International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS)
3.6 Audio-visual materials There are many safety videos available for education and training purposes. The WorkSafe WA Library has a collection of more than 350 videos and DVDs that are available for use by industry at large. There are videos and DVDs on topics like accident investigation, construction industry, ergonomics, back care and other relevant subjects. There is a comprehensive catalogue and this can be accessed on the Internet at http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/worksafe. Examples of titles available from the Library are:
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Accident investigation by SafetyCare Australia
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Office safety by SafetyCare Australia
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Hand and wrist injuries by Vocam
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Confined space entry by Vocam
•
Hospitality safety series by Grumpy Films
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Section 4: ELECTRONIC INFORMATION With the ever-increasing amount of scientific information, it is virtually impossible to obtain access to all published information. For this reason, electronic information retrieval has become a necessity. There are a number of databases available in the field of occupational safety and health. Some are available on-line, some on CD-ROMs and some in both versions. Most of these databases are bibliographic databases but there are many available now that provide full text information. Most of the discs are updated every three months. In the WorkSafe WA Library we subscribe to a few databases on CDs and have access to on-line databases as well. Nearly all of the on-line database providers have homepages on the Internet.
4.1 Online databases There are many occupational safety and health databases available on-line. For example: Wolters Kluwer, DIALOG and DataStar services, provide access to more than a 1000 databases, some of which are useful for research in the area of OSH. Facilities also exist where orders can be placed for the journal articles to be faxed or posted once the search has been done. Most of these databases are now available on the Internet as well. Some of the databases useful in the occupational safety and health field are listed below.
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MEDLINE a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health is one of the major sources for biomedical literature. Abstracts are taken directly from published articles and cover such subjects as clinical medicine, nursing, occupational medicine, toxicology, behavioural and mental disorders.
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CANCERLIT produced by the International Cancer Research DataBank Branch of the U.S. National Cancer Institute consists of bibliographic records referencing cancer research publications.
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TOXNET – a cluster of databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals and related areas is managed by a division of the National Library of Medicine.
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•
TOXLINE covers toxicological effects of chemicals, drugs, and physical agents on living systems. Some of the areas covered include adverse drug reactions, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and environmental pollution.
•
PsycINFO is an abstract database of psychological literature. The major emphasis is on original research, while case studies, literature reviews, surveys and discussions are also covered.
•
PubMed - a service of the National Library of Medicine provides access to over 12 million MEDLINE citations back to the mid 1960s and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.
OSH-ROM Online This is an international database for literature searches in the occupational safety and health field. It is very comprehensive with more than 1.5 million citations taken from more than 5,000 journals and over a 100,000 monographs and technical reports. There are several databases in this service but the four important ones are:
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NIOSHTIC created by US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It contains nearly 300,000 references to research reports and information that contribute to the understanding of occupational safety and health problems. Subject areas include toxicology, occupational medicine, epidemiology, pathology, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, and hazardous wastes.
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HSELINE is from the Health and Safety Executive Information Services. It contains bibliographic records on subjects that reflect HSE's wide interests that include: mining, nuclear technology, explosives, hazardous chemicals, welding, construction and agriculture.
•
CISDOC created by International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), a unit of the International Labour Organisation in Geneva. It covers more than 50,000 records on industrial hygiene, accident prevention, safety engineering, ergonomics and toxicology.
•
MHIDAS is a major hazard incident data service from the Major Hazards Assessment Unit of the UK Health and Safety Commission.
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CHEMWATCH
KEY POINT
This is an online database that provides Those working with comprehensive chemical information. It chemicals and requiring the relevant material safety gives access to over a million MSDS data sheets would use the and its powerful search engine can CCINFO disc and the access information on risk assessment, Internet. emergency response, labelling etc. Also available on the database are weekly bulletins on the safe use of chemicals for the safety and health professional.
CCH Occupational Safety & Health Electronic Library The two important databases on this CD-ROM are: •
Australian Occupational Health and Safety Law provides detailed OSH information on Australian legislation, administration, planning, advisory services as well as new developments in Australia and overseas.
•
Managing Occupational Health & Safety gives practical guidance on OSH matters confronting the workplace, for example, information on how to write policies and programmes, accident investigation, workplace inspections, safety and health committees, occupational first aid and training to name a few.
4.3 Internet The Internet now provides a KEY POINT number of sites where OSH Safety officers who want to information can be accessed. be kept up-to-date with the latest developments in This has become a useful tool occupational safety and for obtaining information quickly health would read journals and at a low cost. and newsletters, use the WorkSafe WA has a homepage Internet and follow newsgroups. on the Internet that has comprehensive information on occupational safety and health. WorkSafe also provides links to other sites such as the Health and Safety Executive in the UK, the Canadian Centre for Occupational
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Safety and Health, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US) and many more.
4.4 News/Discussion Groups More and more safety and health professionals use computers to find and share information. Currently there are a number of newsgroups on the Internet that can be utilised to discuss safety and health issues with people around the world who are experts in the field. Examples of newsgroups that people can subscribe to are: •
sci. med. occupational – preventing, detecting & treating occupational injuries
•
sci. engr. safety – all aspects of the safety of engineered systems
•
sci. med – medicine and its related products
•
sci. chem. – chemistry and related sciences
•
sci. med. diseases. lyme
4.5 Mailing lists There are more than 200 mailing lists debating relevant topics on occupational safety and health. A comprehensive list of the addresses is produced by Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. The list is organised alphabetically and is maintained by the Canadian Centre. This is available at: www.ccohs.ca/resources/listserv.htm
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SUMMARY You have been introduced to a variety of information sources in different formats and you should now be able to differentiate between the types of resources available for your search needs. You should also be able to identify the type of documents that will provide the best answers to your queries. This is just an overview of the sources of OSH information available from the WorkSafe WA Library. There is much more information on OSH which would be available from various institutions, universities, research centres, government departments and also on the Internet.
Your feedback WorkSafe is committed to continuous improvement. If you take the time to complete the online Feedback Form at the SafetyLine Institute website you will assist us to maintain and improve our high standards.
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REFERENCES & FURTHER READING ANSTO (1991) Information 1991. AGPS, Canberra. DELBRIDGE, A. (1985) The Macquarie dictionary. Rev. ed. Macquarie Library, New South Wales. PANTRY, Sheila (1995) Occupational health. Chapman & Hall, London. PARMEGGIANI, L. (Ed.) (1993) ILO Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety. 3rd rev. ed. International Labour Organization, Washington, DC. RUDGE, Lisette M. (1993) Casson's occupational health and safety in Australia. 3rd rev. ed. Techpress, Adelaide. SILVERPLATTER INTERNATIONAL N.V. (1995) 1995 SilverPlatter directory : a guide to a worldwide library. SilverPlatter Information Inc., Norwood, MA. SLOTE, Lawrence (1987) Handbook of occupational safety and health. Wiley-Interscience, New York. VERNON, Ken (1986) Library and Information Services of management development institutions. ILO, Geneva. WORK HEALTH AUTHORITY (N.T.) (1993) Information resources handbook. Govt. Printer, Darwin.
Internet links Further information is available at:
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British Standards Institute – www.bsi-global.com
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Business Publishers (USA) – www.bpinews.com
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International Electrotechnical Commission – www.iec.ch
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International Standards Organisation – www.iso.ch
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SafetyCare Australia – www.safetycare.com.au
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Standards Australia – www.saiglobal.com.au
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Australian Safety and Compensation Council – www.ascc.gov.au
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