May ('06)-2 - Spoken English

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

II Devanath: I bought this shirt for Rs 350/-. A good bargain, isn't it?

(Ñ shirt ؈’ 350 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ éÌØ√o. ´’ç* ¶‰®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?) Raghunath: I'm afraid that it is too much for it. I have a similar shirt. It cost me just around Rs 250/-

-•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 3 -¢Ë’ 2006

Ñ Sentences ™E passive verb forms É°æp-öÀ´®Ωèπ◊ îª÷Æœ† verb forms (passive) èπ◊ Åü¿†ç. 1) ... I have been cheated =

¢Á÷ÆæTç-°æ-•-ú≈f†’ = ¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. ´Ææ÷©’ îËߪ’-•-ú≈f´¤ = F ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* ´Ææ÷©’ î˨»®Ω’.

2) Were charged = 3) is called =

(†’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ °ö«d-´-†’-èπ◊çö«. Ø√éÀ-™«çöÀ shirt ÖçC. ü∆Eo ؈’ 250 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ éÌØ√o.) Devanath: You mean I have been cheated?

°œ©-´-•-úø’-ûª’çC/ °œ©’-≤ƒh®Ω’. 4) Wouldn't have been cheated =

¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-°æ-•-úË-

¢√úÕo é¬ü¿’ = ¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-ßË’-¢√úÕo é¬ü¿’

؈’ ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-°æ-•-úË-¢√-úÕo-é¬ü¿’. Ñ verb, ÉüË list ™ °j† verb No 1 äÍé class éπü∆-– have/ has/ had/ would have, etc + PP - Passive, DEéÀ active ᙫ Öçô’çC? ´’üµ¿u™ been BÊÆ-ߪ’çúÕ.

5) ... had been asked =

(Åçõ‰ ؈’ ¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-ߪ÷-†Ø√?) Cheat = ¢Á÷Ææç îËߪ’ôç/ ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬úø’ Cheater ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’

Åúø-í∫-•úÕ Öçõ‰/ ††o-úÕT Öçõ‰. 6) a) can be returned/ exchanged =

Raghunath: If its price is Rs 350/-, you were charged Rs 100 more. Where did you buy it?

(†’´y-†oô’x ÅC 350 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-™„jûË, 100 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ áèπ◊\´ °ö«d´¤. áéπ\úø éÌØ√o´¤?) Devanath: At the Fitwell readymade shop. Raghunath: It is often called the cheatwell shop. Didn't you know that?

(ü∆Eo cheatwell Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü∆?)

shop

Åçö«®Ωçü¿®Ω÷.

AJT É´y-•-úø-í∫©/ ´÷®Ωa-•-úø-í∫© = AJT ÉîËaߪ’/ ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-í∫© b) has been used =

Devanath: How can it be, after it has been used?

(ᙫ ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-´ôç, ¢√úË-¨»†’ éπü∆?) Raghunath: Then stop worrying about it. Be careful in future.

(Å®·ûË Éçéπ-ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. Future ™ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçúø’) Devanath: The shop fellow should be taught a lesson.

(Ç

shop

¢√úÕéÀ ¶«í¬ •’Cl¥ îÁ§ƒpL.)

Raghunath: In that attempt, don't be cheated once more.

(Ç v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ ´’Sx ¢Á÷Ææ-§Úèπ◊) Devanath: No; I will take you this time. You act smart in these matters.

(Ñ≤ƒJ E†’o BÆæ’-Èé∞«h. †’Oy N≠æ-ߪ÷™x ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√-úÕN) Raghunath: It will be taken care of, don't worry.

(؈’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«™‰. ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊) Observe the use of passive forms in the conversation above: 1) You mean I have been cheated?

¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-°æ-•-úøèπ◊/ ¢Á÷Ææ-§Úèπ◊ 9) will be taken care of =

6) Verb b)

鬢√-©çõ‰ ÖçC. ÉC BÊÆ-ߪ’-ô¢Ë’.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 151

(°j ņ’-¢√-ü¿ç™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀC passive translation ûÁ©’-í∫’™, ü∆E °æéπ\† Ö†oC normal (´÷´‚©’) ûÁ©’-í∫’™) All the verbs above, you notice, are in the be form + past participle (pp), so they are all in the passive voice.

í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆? Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lessons ™ îÁ°œp† Ñ points:

passive voice

ticiple, form

™ Ö†o

7) Verbs no 6 (a) can be returned, No. 7 should be taught, No. 9 will be taken.

Practise the following in English. Express the passive equivalents of the following: a)

Xé¬∞¡-£æ«-ÆœhE ü¿éÀ~ù é¬Qí¬ °œ©’-≤ƒh®Ω’. b) D§ƒ-´R ®ÓV† buildings †’ D§ƒ-©ûÓ Å©ç-éπJ-≤ƒh®Ω’. c) ´’†ç *†o °œ©x-©†’ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°-ôdí∫©ç. (passive ™ îÁ§ƒpL). d) Ñ road Ææí∫¢Ë’ repair î˨»-Jç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊.

e)

ÉN ´‚úø’

shall/ should/ can/ could/ may/ might/ must etc + 1st RDW passive form

èπÿú≈

M. SURESAN

èπ◊

éπü∆.

have/ has/ had/ shall have/ etc + past paractive voice verbs

èπ◊

Verb No. 6 (a) can be returned/ exchanged (Active)

etc

Verb No. 7: Should be taught (by us) -

èπ◊, ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´îËa ´’üµ¿u™ been °ôd-úø¢Ë’.

past participle

DEéÀ activeÅ´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆? =

ÉC

have/ has cheated

ANSWERS a) Srikalahasti is called Dakshina Kasi/ The

ÉC

passive - We should teach him (the shop fel-

1) (Do) you mean I have been cheated. passive.

èπ◊

؈’ select Å®· ÖçúË-¢√úÕo 鬆’, time èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ Ø√ application ¢√∞¡}èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰. f) Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç X Class èπ◊ text book í¬ prescribe 鬴a. g) ÉC ¢ÁçôØË îËߪ÷L. h) Åûªúø’ select 鬢√LqçC i) Ñ road á°æ¤púÓ ¢Ëߪ÷-LqçC. j) ÉC î√™« Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ îËߪ’-´îª’a.

(by me)/ Passive - I can return/ exchange it

Passive form: have/ has/ had/ shall have,

low)- Active.

(Do) you mean that the shop fellow has

˜

cheated me?

Kasi of the south. b) Buildings are decorated with lamps on the day of Deepavali/ on the Deepavali

Verb No.9: Will be taken care of (by me) Passive - I will take care of it (Active) ˜

˜

day/ on the occasion of Deepavali. c) Children can be made happy easily d) Only half of the road has been repaired.

In the case of the verbs above, we have

e) I would not have been selected, if my

(Do) you mean the shop fellows have cheat-

seen the active equivalents of passive

application had not reached in time. (This

ed me?

forms.

is imaginary past, isn't it?)

ÅüË shop people (≥ƒ°æ¤-¢√∞¡Ÿx) ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, Å°æ¤púø’ Ééπ\úø pas-

3) It is often called the cheatwell shop =

ü∆Eo

7) The shop fellow should be taught a lesson

ÉC èπÿú≈ ™ ™

by whom (á´J îËûª) ÅØËC Ééπ\úø ûÁL-ߪ’-ô癉ü¿’. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ´’†Íéç ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC– FîËûª = by you ÅE. 鬕öÀd Active- You ûÓ begin Å®·u, If you had asked me Å´¤-ûª’çC. É™«Íí passive ™ by whom/ by what (á´J îËûª/ üËE îËûª) ÅØËC ´’†ç Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-¢√L. Passive ÆæJí¬ ¢√úÕ-†-îÓôx, by so and so, °∂晫-Ø√¢√∞¡x îËûª ÅØËC omit îËÆæ’hçö«ç. ÉC í∫´’-Eç* practice îËÊÆh, passive ™ èπÿú≈ ´’† conversation effective í¬ Öçô’çC.

... I have been cheated?

6) How can it be (returned/ exchanged) after it has been used.

îª÷úøçúÕ:

™«í¬ØË,

The shop fellow charged you Rs 100/- more.

5) ... if I had been asked.

Spoken English

has been used. verb No. 1, verb No. 4 Passive active has been used been It has been used (by me)= I have used it (active)

DEéÀ active- past doing word éπü∆? -Å°æ¤p-úø’ sentence, active ™ à´’-´¤-ûª’çC?

4) I wouldn't have been cheated.

9) It will be taken care of

(by you) = (Passive) = If you had asked me (Active)

ñ«--ví∫-ûªh BÆæ’-éÓ-•-úø’-ûª’çC/ ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«.

sive, were + pp.

3) It is often called the cheatwell shop.

8) ... don't be cheated once more

ÉC èπÿú≈ verb No 4, verb No 1 ™«Íí ÖçC, passive ™. DEéÀ active- had been asked ™, ´’üµ¿u been BÊÆ-ߪ’-ô¢Ë’. If I had been asked

2) you were charged Rs 100/- more:

2) You were charged Rs 100/- more

5) If I had been asked -

§ƒ®∏Ωç ØË®Ωp-•-ú≈L = §ƒ®∏Ωç ØË®√pL. 8) don't be cheated =

(†’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË îÁ°æ¤pç-ú≈-LqçC. ¢Á÷Ææ§Ú-ßË’-¢√úÕo é¬ü¿’.)

(††o-úÕ-í∫’çõ‰, †’¢√y shop èπ◊ ¢Á∞«h´E ûÁLÊÆh ؈’ îÁÊ°p-¢√-úÕØË. ü∆Eo°æ¤púø’ AJ-T -É´y-ö«-E-éÀ-í¬F ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’-èπ◊-í¬F ™‰ü∆?)

I wouldn't have been cheated = He/ they (the shop fellow/ the shop fellows) would not have cheated me.

Ñ form of the verb Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† Imaginary past form éπü∆.

¢√úø-•-úÕçC/ ¢√ú≈ç. 7) should be taught a lesson =

Devanath: You should have told me of it earlier. Then I wouldn't have been cheated.

Raghunath: I would have, if I had been asked, and if I had known that you were going to that shop. Can't it be returned or exchanged now?

4) I wouldn't have been cheated =

cheatwell shop

Åçö«®Ω’ (v°æï©’). Ééπ\úø Passive- is called, 鬕öÀd DEéÀ Active, I RDW/ II RDW éπü∆? (Past lessons ™E tables îª÷úøçúÕ) É°æ¤púø’ DEéÀ active - people call it the cheatwell shop.

Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Passive sentences ™, °j† ´’†ç îª÷Æœ† sentences ™ 'äéπ °æE á´-J-îËûª îËߪ’-•-úÕçC?— ÅØËC ûÁL-ߪ’ôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? eg: I have been cheated (¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’) á´-J-îËûª ÅØËC clear í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ôç ™‰ü¿’. Å™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx ´’†ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-¢√L. Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x, Shop fellow ÅE Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-´îª’a. Å°æ¤púø’, Passive †’ç* active èπ◊ ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©çõ‰ shop fellow ûÓ sentence begin îË≤ƒhç. Å™« î˨»ç éπü∆ Ééπ\úø? Å™«Íí If I had been asked - passive ™ ÖçC.

f) The book may be prescribed as a text book for X class. g) This should be/ must be/ has to be done at once. h) He should have been selected (Imaginary past) i) This road should have been laid long ago (Imaginary past) j) This can be done easily.

-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm